Rome and the council in the nineteenth century

Front matter

Caan Wena

“na

“iy

Introduction To French Edition

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ANY people will probably say what the present Council has been. I shall try to say what it will be."

And yet I have no intention of writing in a spirit of prophecy, or of embarking on a visionary undertaking. For some years Catholicism has shown very clearly what it is, and what it intends. It has shown this by its boldness as well as by its fears, by its firmness, its tractability, its logic, and its inconsistencies. All that is necessary is to know how to detach and seize the one invariable idea that presides over these diversities, and promises to itself the empire of the world.

I have elsewhere analysed that idea in a philosophical and moral point of view. My book on Lome and the Human Heart was intended to show how the human heart has created Catholicism, and how Catholicism in return sacrifices everything to the human heart, flattering its pride, pampering its tastes, even where it appears to be thwarting them ; and, in short, reigning through the human heart much more than through the divine

1 See note added to this Introduction.

v1 Introduction.

authority with which the Church declares herself to be invested.

I should like now to look at the same question from a historical point of view. The present Council will not only furnish me with an opportunity I had long desired, it will form a central point round which the facts I have collected will naturally group themselves.

I might have collected them in order of succession from the history of every age. For, as Romanism claims to be identical with Apostolical Christianity, we have a _ right to interrogate every Christian century, from the nineteenth to the first, respecting the antiquity or novelty of the doctrines, institutions, and tendencies of the Papal Church.

But such an inquiry would be a work of controversy, and that I do not desire. My plan, then, is this:

first, I restrict the field of my investigations, except in one or two necessary instances, within the limits comprised between the Council of Trent and the present Council.

Secondly, I examine all questions from a Catholic point of view,—I mean as they would be examined by a Catholic seeking to determine what these three centuries have done for his Church, whether for good or evil. In what respect, since the Council of Trent, has she progressed, or gone backwards? Which tendencies have been strengthened, and which weakened? Which doctrines have been thrown into the shade, and which placed in stronger light? How far the Church has submitted to the influence of modern times, or how far resisted them? What has she gained? What has

Introduction. Vil she lost? What, finally, is her real position in the midst of contemporary generations? These are the questions I propose to consider; and each will necessarily subdivide itself into several others.

NG Op Te 1

To these lines, which were written before the Council had commenced its labours, I have very little to add.

But that little is important. It is this: that in rereading this volume in the light of all that has been done at Rome since the 8th December last, I do not find anything to alter. All my prognostications are justified ; nay, most of them are even exceeded.

On one point alone events would seem not so fully to have confirmed what I had said. The number of the bishops who dare to assert some slight independence is larger than I had anticipated.

But if we except two or three, their opposition 1s weak and mild in the extreme. And this can easily be accounted for. Considering the attitude adopted beforehand by the Pope,—an attitude which he has since maintained with increasing firmness,—any strong opposition would be an act of rebellion, the breaking up of Catholic unity. And this I had foretold.

But, whether strong or weak, the opposition will infallibly be overwhelmed by a considerable majority,— a majority which not only has numbers in its favour, but logic. In Catholicism, when once its principle has

Viil I[utroduction.

been accepted, only Ultramontanism is strictly consistent. And this also I had shown.

The question is much debated whether or not the Pope’s infallibility will be voted by the Council. As a matter of fact, has it not been voted already? In ‘politics, a law exists only after it has been voted; but, in religion, as soon as a dogma has been admitted by those who have aright to regulate my faith, it is evident that I am bound to believe it. Can any Catholic now doubt that the infallibilty of the Pope is regarded as a dogma by the Pope and the immense majority of the Council? The dogmatization is therefore virtually accomplished, and, whether voted or not, it is clear that we have a right henceforward to assail Catholicism on this ground, which is fraught with such danger to its interests.

There is another task which will have to be performed when once the Council has become a thing of the past. It will be to write the history—doubtless a very curious one—of the petty difficulties, and troubles, and intrigues, and meannesses that are daily revealed in its bosom. The Episcopate, as after the Council of Trent, will then become unanimous in looking only at the result, and in glorifying its majesty. Ours will be the duty—I think an easy one—of showing yet once again that the feet of the great image are made of clay.

APRIL 1870.

Chapter I. The Present Position Of Affairs

I. The Pope atthe summit. Joy. Sorrow. Thefacts. The Pope as the gate of heaven. An archbishop at the assembly of 1854. Conscientious falsehood. God has allowed. Weak logic, .

II. How this logic became embodied in the Pope. The regiment of M. de Bonnechose. A scene in a cathedral. Obey to command. How time has come in aid to logic,

III. Dangers have helped also. Those of Christianity first, Rome understands httle how to defend it. Appeals to force. Apologetics necessarily weak. When better, rl are never quite Catholic, . ‘ é F

IV. There is in fact only one danger, the radical bppisition between Catholicism and the age. Rome sometimes hides, sometimes proclaims it. Some men still strive not to believe it. M. de Broglie; M. Donoso Cortes. No illusion at Rome. War declared ; arms ready, : ;

CHAPTER IT.

THE SYLLABUS.

I. The promises of 1854, and the lamentations of 1864. First step ; second step. The fact become aright. The mate of Papal omnipotence,

II. Equal authority, consequently, of all as articlea. Gilles diversities of form.. Want of measure, and want of dignity,

III. The Holy Scriptures omitted. Why? Strange but logical boldness. What religion results therefrom,

1V. The surprised, and the non-surprised. The Encyclical ind. the Syllabus old, but new in their boldness. A few characteristics. The last article. Incredible, buttrue. Kill, Killon!

VY. Is this courage? Meannesses ; trifles ; arms furnished to infidelity,

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Chapter III

THE BISHOPS AND THE. SYLLABUS.

I. Heavy task. No choice possible. An idea of M. De Maistre, but in a Catholic sense ea No other course but abdication,

Il. Grave difficulty, to ee mat ene comes heen the Poe What we know of Pius 1x. Non possumus. What that which comes from Rome is worth, and what it reveals. The real authors of what is signed by the Pope. Enslave the Church through him, and himself through his own authority, 5 s : ; : :

Ill. The Jesuits are the CHa To doubt this has always been a mistake; to-day it would be absurd. What they have made of Civica. : : 7 : :

IV. Frankness of the Syllabus ; painful cleverness of the bishoee Noisy praises, and infinite accommodations and eyvasions. The sincerity of fear. The Pope has suffered everything to be said. Same course as in dealing with the Bible,

V. A sermon on the Syllabus. Pompous, but empty, and always beside the question. The good liberties. Rome likes the good no better than the bad,

Chapter IV. A Universal Internal Struggle

I. Lamennais. The shuddering of freedom as she throws down her sceptre. Galileo or Zeno. Scepticism propounded as the foundation of faith. Divine truth to be settled by universal suffrage,

II, M. De Maistre. He kisses a toe, but ae upon himself the office of a judge. To be sincere he requires the intoxication of battle. In reality the enemy is himself. Bitter delight in irritating others. None of the characteristics of real submission, ; : ; ; ; 3

III. The same remark eet to many others. Suffering or falsehood, never real submission. M. De Maistre again. A close affinity between him and his adversaries, both Gallican and Jansenist. Jansenists everywhere. But far from being equal to those of yore, ‘ ; ; ;

IV. Those of yore. Their sophistries. The Gallicans. Bossuet, their great sophist. Asa matter of fact perpetual rebellion.

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Nevertheless the authority of the Pope continually invoked by the Gallicans against the Jansenists, and by all against the Protestants. All considered as heretics at Rome. “They knew it and yet persisted, :

VY. Bossuet unsuccessful and unskilful when te area to re-establish a foundation for the Papal authority, .

VI. Conclusion to be drawn from this. From sheer weariness men have bowed their heads, and the Papacy has taken what it has wanted. It has all; witness the Bull of Convocation to the Council, The Church literally a flock; the Pope a shepherd ; but in the hardest, harshest sense of the word, . ‘ : : ; : : ; : 2

CHAPTER VY.

SOPHISTS AND SOPHISTRIES.

I. Efforts made to show that the Roman yoke is not a yoke. Rome gives them the lie. They are continued notwithstanding. Liberal formulas. Unblushing contradictions,

Il. The Inquisition denied, or pretty nearly so. What cannot be denied is set down to politics. Lamennais, Lacordaire, Ventura, Coeur, Nicolas, and Falloux,

III. After denials, paradoxes. The Church fide Fataen of speech at Trent, according to M. De Falloux. Every kind of progress going on before the sixteenth century and arrested by the Reformation, according to Lamennais. Every kind of progress accomplished in the teeth of the Reformation, according to Balmes. In the wars of the sixteenth century, the Catholics were fighting for liberty of conscience, according to M. Nicolas,

IV. In speaking to kings, the Reformation charged w ith ey ing all authority, and in speaking to the peoples, of favour- “ite despotism. The golden age in France, according to Lamennais. The golden age everywhere, according to M. De Maistre. Mankind always free under the rule of divine right. The golden age in Spain, according to Donoso Cortes. St. Thomas the founder of the golden age in Europe, according to Balmes. The sun again begins to go round the earth, : : : ,

VY. How Catholicism fashions its dafenders Mode of action necessitated by its position as regards the Bible. The Bible in the seminaries. Dialectics framed for the purpose,

VI. Its position as regards history. Methods and subtleties of

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divers kinds. Historical casuistry. A professor at the Sorbonne, Mi , ; : é :

Chapter VI. Difficulties That Must Be Met

I. Yes or No. Answers sometimes inflexible, and sometimes accommodating. Flatteriés addressed to France. M. Nicolas; M. De Maistre. What often underlies these flatteries. Lacordaire. The League, and1789. War. With other nations, other weights, and other measures. England. How it is proved to France that she could never have ceased to be Catholic, ; ‘ . : :

II. Yes or No. Other expedients. _M. Donoso Cortes, and divine liberty. Double sophistry. A sermon of M. de Ravignan. First part: inquire. Second part: submit. But Rome no more sanctions the preliminary than the subsequent inquiry, 2 ‘ q , , F :

Til. In short, a play on words. Freedom ; but solely to abandon the right of being free. Numerous variations on this theme. The system of the Abbé Gerbet : With free inquiry,’ I dare not inquire ; with authority at my back, I dare. System of Dr. Newman: Under the rule of authority I am sure of possessing the truth ; I cannot, therefore, ans demand the right to go wrong, : °

IV. What all these subtleties really signify: What aes signify with Gerbet and Newman. What they become in Capes. His system: There is no servitude in believing on the authority of a competent a A ait again, and a false comparison,

V. Is exegesis possible at Rome? “Médler says, y es; wht fe adds says, Vo. A vast field always open, according to him,

VI. What the Council of Trent has made of this vast field. The Vulgate. Its origin. The Council declares it infallible, and at the same time promises to correct it. How it has been corrected. What it is worth. Prohibition to change it in any way. Practical prohibition therefore to study it,

Chapter VII. The System In Itself

I. Long and intricate marches. The principle being laid down, the consequences are supposed. Logical process formerly

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PAGE unknown, the principle being much less fixed. Vicious circle, : : ‘ , : ; ; ; ; aLL Il. God must. Is this an argument? God has promised. There is no promise of which the meaning must not be determined

by facts, . : , : : : : 3 lis III. The advocates pass on. Three classes of people at work. Always in reality, God must. The a of Hell. The

argument self-destructive, : : > 114 IV. The. practical result. J¢ concerns the i iscats. aan -faith is slumber. This is what the Church wishes. Formerly not. How Bossuet and Bourdaloue preached. Now

the Church is turned into a divinity to be worshipped, . 117

Chapter VIII. Consequences As Regards The Past

I. The golden age again. Would those who celebrate it like to live in it? <A few of its real features. What remained of Christianity? . : , : : ; : : lal

II. What was wanted. History caricatured again. The bloodstained spectre of the sovereignty of the people. The key to many things, and the ea nny, water. All hues, and all opinions, : : : , . 124

Ill. Unity before the tesonus Rent Fantastic picture. The facts. The present unity of Rome dates from the Reformation. Stationariness; slumber; death, . ; Lh

IY. What all earnest Catholics have long admitted. What they . have been taught to say. Question of temporal prosperity. How this question is related to doctrine. It is raised, and then laid to our charge, . : , : . : . 130

Chapter IX. Consequences Foretold

1. The argument of fear. The ideal of order and peace. Every despotism can say the same. As a matter of fact, powerless against revolutions. Hagerness, in order not to appear conquered, to go over to the side of the victors. Old weapons against new. Vain efforts made by Catholicism not to appear to be a stranger in the modern world. Safety by its instiumentality, : , ; . 134

II. If possible, would such safety is decitatieg Those who

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PAGE desire it, make, for the most part, certain reservations.

Fears as regards the Council. Men who wish Catholicism to be maintained for the people, and that only up to a certain point. Constant distrust on the part of sovereigns, even of those who were very Catholic, .. : A . 188 III. Many persons do not know what Catholicism really is, and imagine it to be different from the reality. Many do not wish for a better acquaintance, and do not trouble themselves about the question of truth, : i . 141 TV. The question of truth alone decisive. Let us restore to this question the position that belongs to it. It was by propounding it freely that the Gospel triumphed over Paganism. Adverse efforts of the Pagans, and to-day of many Catholics. Great labours to hide, poetize, and spiritualize. Let us call things by their names, . : ; : . 142

Chapter X. The Papacy Considered Politically

I. All the apologists of the Church have worked for the Papacy, whether they wished it or not. Many things which would astonish Bossuet, and which Pius rx. himself seems scarcely to understand. The Papacy more difficult to defend on historical grounds than the Church, : : : : . 146

II. The difficulty increasing. The more the Pope and the Papacy are idealized, the more embarrassing the past becomes. Bossuet and the indefectibility of the Apostolic See. Modern transformation of this theory. The triple crown and the red cap of liberty, . ; j ; : : : . 149

II]. The Papacy formerly representing mind as opposed to matter, and consequently representing liberty. Liberty ; but whose? What the Papacy means by the liberty of the Church. Great clearness of the Syllabus on this point, . 5 . 151

1V. Catholicism and Socialism. A convent the ideal of Catholicity. Princes have never been deceived on this point. The people on this question agreed with the princes. St. Louis, s “ - : : 4 ; . 154

V. Liberty in the Catholic ages. A few Popes condemning the excesses of despotism, but never the principle itself, or the sovereigns with whom they wished to be on good terms.

A brief to the Polish bishops. To every honourable trait history can oppose others of a totally different nature, Roe Uy

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Chapter XI

THE PAPACY MORALLY CONSIDERED. 8 PAGE I. Former severity in judging the Popes. An ideal conceived, but nearly always as a condemnation of the reality. The clergy neither respected nor loved the Papacy, . : RO II. Impossible to believe that in those days it represented mind ruling over matter. Its part in European politics. Its part, and its aggrandisements in Italy. Popes who are kings, and kings who are Popes ; these latter often the best. The feeling at Rome is of the earth, earthy, . . 163 III. Vices and crimes. Whose fault is it if we mention them ? The tenth century at Rome. Is it true that Rome stood above the moral level of every age? Bad morals, and bad maxims. Oaths. General contempt, ; : ; . 165 IV. Improvement. Is the honour due to the Papacy? Present ideal. Mean and extravagant praise. Increased difficulty as regards the future. Pius 1x. as he appears at Rome, and to his own people, . : : : : 2 : 168

CHAPTER XIL THE PAPACY CONSIDERED AS A CENTRE OF LIGHT.

I. People wish to show that the Papacy was a centre of intellectual life in the world; was it so even in the Church ? Statements of M. Ozanam. Gregory the Great. Pagan Latin and Christian Latin. Charlemagne. After Charlemagne, : : : : Pete |. says II. Up to our day instead of praise there were excuses. The

Papacy nearly always exclusively pre-occupied with its own

concerns. Catholic science, ae:

III. Leo x. A Medici, not a Pope. After him an almost constant state of slumber. The Papacy did not even know how to plead its own cause. Its ignorance of men, of things, and of ideas. Always either soaring too high or crawling on the ground, : . : : é . 175

IV. The part it has played in the arts. Chateaubriand and the Indulgences. Contempt for truth and formen. M. Ampére and the Madonnas. Origen, and earthly pomp and magnificence. Raphael, and the worship ofimages. That worship is denied, but all conspires to inculcate it. Pius rx. heard by astatue, . : ‘ é : : : : wis

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PAGE V. Deplorable argumentation. The dome of St. Peter’s, and what goes on underneath it. Many Popes have done worse than nothing for the arts. Barbari, Barberini. To whom, and to what Rome owes her artistic fame. Real worthlessness of any religious argument founded on this basis, - Aled

CHAPTER XIII. THE DIVINE RiGHT OF THE PORE

TI. Divine right, the only argument to which the Popes appeal. This, then, is the real question. The Church according to the Gospel. The Church according to Rome. Curious admission. The Church in Apostolical times, . : . 184 II. The only foundation of Catholicism, Thou art Peter. Isolation of this saying in the Scriptures. The facts opposed to it. Peter acting or speaking; Peter writing. Jesus giving His final commands. The rock in the works of the Fathers, 187 III. The succession. Peter at Rome. A five-and-twenty years’ pontificate, of which not one can be proved historically. Simple calculation. Paul at Rome, . ; : : . 190

Chapter XIV. The Historical Papaoy

I. The fables are abandoned in the gross, and then taken up again point by point. Sad progress in the contempt for history. All is staked. Wiseman; Magnin. Need to dazzle and to be dazzled, . : 5 : . 198

Il. Four questions to be resolved in the first en What is revealed to us, among others, by the life and writings of Ambrose. The Church a monarchy, but with the emperor as its chief, : 5 : : . 196

III. General view of the writings of aren “His opinion on the Zu es Petrus. Peter and Paul Pane ai a of

Bossuet on this point, , ; . 199 IV. Ambrose and the Bishops of Rome. N 0 a of oficial inequality. No trace of commands issued or received, . . 202

Y. Conclusion. In the fourth century Catholic unity not organized. The only visible centre: the emperor. Place and office of Councils. Difficult task imposed on the Catholic historians, M. de Broglie and the patriarchs of the East, . , . 206 VI. Latent elements of the future Papacy. Nothing legally either in the West, or still less in the East. As a matter of

Contents. XVil fact, the result of many causes. Rome is Rome. Curious reproduction at Geneva of what made the Papacy at Rome, VII. Every favourable event is made the most of; everything else is hidden or forgotten. Examples. A few questions suggested. Boniface 111. in 604, the first Pope. What was thought on the subject, even by his predecessor, VIII. The Pope of M. De Maistre. Now surpassed, and by no one more than Pius 1x. Two systems: all from the beginning ; all by development. The second as untenable in reality as the first. How it serves to get rid of objections. The Popes have always kept to the first, : :

GHAET Hive A.V;

INTERNAL DIFFICULTIES.

I. If the Papacy be not all in all, one no longer knows what it is. Bossuet ; Lamennais ; Bourdaloue; Massillon. Contrast with the fever of to-day. Even to-day serious difficulties for those who really think, : 5

II. The Papacy according to the Council of Trent. Recognised as a question of fact; but left undefined as a question of right. Nevertheless, a decision had been intended. Impossible to come to an agreement. Is it true that this was owing to the Gallicans? Spanish arguments against the Ultramontane Papacy. Paul iv. and the oath of the bishops, :

III. The Papacy in its Se A with the Gane of Trent, Long preliminary negotiations. Fears of the. Papacy as regards its rights, and the use it had made of them. Rerribls denunciations in open council, :

[V. 1542 and 1868. The Bull of Paul 111. notably more Chris. tian than that of Pius rx. But Paul m1. takes back everything in detail. Eighteen years of strife and intrigue. No one had faith in the strange work thus accomplished. How the Papacy has gathered in the fruits. Boldness, and still boldness, . : : : : ; : s ;

VY. 1542 and 1869. The sermon at the opening of the Council of

. Trent. Lumen Pape. Urgent remonstrances. Timid efforts now made by the bishops to persuade themselves that they still play an important part. Appeal to St. James. Appeal to the old theory of the one re Good at most to save appearances, : 5 ; é ;

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PAGE VI. The sovereigns at Trent. The sovereigns in 1869 put to one side. Had any one a right to put them to one side ? . 239 VII. Question of the Papal presidency. Is it necessary to the legitimacy of the assembly ? Length of the discussion, and various forms it assumed. Protests against the opinion of the Pope. To-day all this is as if it had not existed, . 241 VIII. The publication of the decrees of the Council of Trent. Strange compromise and strange unity. Fears up to the last moment. Astuteness of the legates. A little article places everything in the hands of the Pope, : : . 244

IX. How Pius tv. completed the operation. He confirms as a sovereign judge. He reserves to himself the absolute right of interpreting the decrees, : ; : ; : . 247 X. Recapitulation on the Papal régime, ; : : ; . 250

Chapter XVI. The Episcopate

I. Obey in order torule. The Episcopate at Trent was right in its opposition to the Papacy ; it is not, therefore, right in its opposition to the Gospel, and to history. Only true origin that can be assigned toit. Impossibility at Trent of drawing up a decree on the Episcopate, : . 252 If. Impossible also to establish dogmatically its right to tae an exclusive part in Councils. A chapter of the Acts. Sophistries great and small. By what right do the bishops represent the Church? Silence again at Trent on this point, 256 III. No refuge except in the pure Ultramontane system. How Lainez stated it. The Pope the only foundation of the Church, and the only source of every right. A bishop is — nothing except by the Pope, nor a Council either. No logical answer. This is what the present Council will establish once again, : : : : 5 . 258

Chapter XVII. The Works Of Catholicism

1. Small part taken by the Papacy in such works as are good. God’s glory in the second place, the Pope’s glory in the first.

- Rome’s distrust of any work possessing a tinge of liberalism. Romanism notably more fruitful far away from Rome than at Rome itself. It is also far away from Rome, rather than at Rome, that are to be found in Catholicism living faith and earnest Christians, . : : , . . 263

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PAGER II. The works dear to the Pope. ‘Spain is being refashioned in France.’ Convents a more than questionable means of propagating and maintaining the faith. Network that is being thrown over everything. The people are not deceived. Christendom, a conquered country ; the clergy,

a foreign army, ‘ : ‘ ee or : . 267

Chapter XVIII. Progress, But Retrograde

I. Indulgences. The 11th April 1869. Absurdity or barbarism. Delirium of arbitrary power. Treasury closed; treasury always open, . : : : ‘ : : : veya

II. Question of quantity. Immense depreciation. Fatal tendency. Plenary indulgences. Advertisements, ; ap2id

IIIf. Much more wisdom at Trent. Impossibility, nevertheless, of formulating a doctrine, . ; . : : . 277

IY. Wisdom, too, at Trent, as regards the worship of saints, relics, and images. What this wisdom has now become, and for what purposes the decrees of Trent are now used. Pius 1x. a god-maker. Omnipotence and arbitrary power exercised even in heaven, ‘ ‘ : , t 2t9

VY. The saints worshipped in very deed, ; ; : : . 282

CHAPPED Rak tx MARIOLATRY AND JESUS CHRIST.

1. Not a change merely, but the overthrow of the Christian idea. The work of Christ transferred altogether to His mother. How a few endeavour to arrange matters, . : . 285 II. Small part assigned to the Virgin by Catholic Arti of weight. Bourdaloue. Mary at the tribunal of Jesus Christ. Bourdaloue or Pius rx. a heretic, : . 287 Ill. Refugium peccatorum. Puffery. Jesus Christ led “ His mother. Flattery of women. The secret of many things, 289

Chapter XX. Mariolatry And God

I. One step more; Mary all-powerful. In theory she is supposed to intercede ; in fact, to answer directly. The sub twum. The Lord’s Prayer. og Christi aoe The month of Mary, - . 293

II. The evolution henceforth bees Aap in ent gh the xX Contents.

PAGE work of Pius 1x. Resistance of some Catholics ; but they are carried away by the torrent. The Pope sanctioning by word and example all the excesses of popular piety, . . 296

CHAPTER: ASK IMAGES, MIRACLES, RELICS. 1. Wisdom at Trent, and present folly. Images deified by the favours which the Pope attaches to them. A decree of the king of Naples. A Hungarian Madonna, 7 : . 299 II. The Roman miracles. Direct and indirect proclamation. Our Lady of La Salette. Legendary literature. St. Kotska. The Roman breviary everywhere received. M. de Montalembert and M. de Falloux, . ; ; ‘ . 801 III. Growing need to materialize faith. Relies. Spirituality of the pagan apotheosis. The apotheosis of to-day. Cuvier and Pius 1x. The wnknown saints. The catacombs and the trade in bones. St. Ciliodorus, . : : § . 805 1V. Our calumnies. It is impossible in this to calumniate. Three sources: Paganism, the human heart, the Papacy, . 309

Chapter XXII Final Retrospect

I. The Papacy itself giving us a right to examine its pretensions. To what it was condemned by the mere fact of its existence. Necessity of organizing the Church into a monarchy, the clergy into an army, and of multiplying the barriers between clergy and ke The Sacraments. Excommunication, . ; : OL II. With the Papacy all Apert in a wate once insu is impossible. Infallibility. The Pope the first to be enslaved by it. Is this any excuse? The Pope always urging on the measures of severity which the system re- Qtlired... 7. - : ; : : : : i Oke III. God will judge ; God has judged. Piusix. No right as a Pope to any special consideration. He has accepted the whole inheritance, and added thereto in a very deplorable manner. Unity, but in error. Unity, but under the yoke, 317 IV. My kingdom is not of this world. A prophecy. But the accomplishment may long be postponed. Deep roots which the Papacy has in the hearts even of infidels. The dead walk. Not many living, and those are being killed. What will, at some future day, be thought of what is going on now? 320