Pioneer history of the Holland purchase of western New York : embracing some account of the ancient remains ... and a history of pioneer settlement under the auspices of the Holland company; including reminiscences of the war of 1812; the origin, progress and completion of the Erie canal, etc., etc., etc.

Front matter

iiif

974.7

T85p

Preface

Bead the Preface ! A command that may be regarded as too imperative, and yet one that an author has some right to make, in consideration of the deep interest which he may be supposed to have in its observance. Having prepared an entertainment, as he is about to open the door to his guests, it is quite natural he should wish to pass them in with his own introduction.

First, as to the general plan of the work : — There may be readers of it who have anticipated a history more strictly local in its character, than they will find this. It was the original intention of the author to have cotnmenced with the close of the Revolution, and traced settlement and its progress westward, very much as has been done, with the exception of a more extended detail. Upon proceeding to his task, however, after materials for it had been collected, the important consideration presented itself, that, although there existed, in detached forms, sketches of the earliest approaches of civilization to this region — of early colonization tending in this direction — of the French and Indian and French and English wars; the long contest for supremacy and dominion; the occupancy of that extraordinary race of men, the Jesuit Missionaries ; the Border Wars of the Revolution ; still, there was no history extant that connected all this, and furnished an unbroken chain of events allied to the region of Western New York, and especially the Holland Purchase. The distinguished historian, Mr. Bancroft, was the first to draw from French sources any considerable amount of the history of French occupancy of the valley of the St. Lawrence, and the borders of our lakes and rivers; of the advents of Jesuit Missionaries, and their cotemporaries, the fur traders; and embellish his country's history with a long series of interesting events, before almost unnoticed. But little could be gathered by an humble local historian, after such a gleaner had passed over the ground ; but his work is of a magnitude to preclude access to it, by the gTeat mass of readers ;

VI

PREFACE.

and that portion of it having reference to this region, but incidental to the general history of the United States. Aside from this, the early history of our reo-ion, embracing the periods and events alluded to, was to be found only in°detached forms — much of it in old newspaper files and magazines — in conditions to make it generally inaccessible.

Havino- adopted the title. Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase, early events, the first glimpses that our own race had of this region, was indicated as the starting point; and taking position there, the necessity of going even still farther back, seemed involved. The ancient remains, the mysterious, rude fortifications upon the bluffs, ridges, and banks of streams, throughout our local region, form an interesting feature, and one that claimed a place in our local annals. Some account of our immediate predecessors, the Seneca Iroquois, was suggested as coming within the immediate range of local history; and especially as they were to be mingled in almost our entire narrative. All that relates to them possesses a peculiar interest; that which relates to the system of government of the confederacy to which they belong, is a branch of their history but recently investigated to any considerable extent; is far less generally understood than most things appertaining to them, and has therefore been made to occupy a prominent position in that portion of the work.*

As civilization approached this region, from that direction, colonization upon the St. Lawrence has necessarily been the main feature of that portion of the work having reference to European Pioneer advents. Enough, however, of early colonization elsewhere has been embraced, to afford a glimpse of cotemporary events ; and especially such as finally had a bearing upon events in this quarter. Starting principally with the advent of Champlain, a connected chain of events has been attempted, extending through long and eventful years, down to the extinguishing of the Indian title, the advent of the Holland Company, Pioneer settlement under their auspices, and the two prominent events, the war of 1812, and the construction of the Erie Canal, belonging to a later period. The title of the work, of itself, indicates its general character, and the intention of the author not to embrace events, generally, beyond early settlement, — pioneer advents. Another volume would have been necessary, had it been concluded to extend the work to a later period ; and besides, as a

* The credit of a thorough investigation of this admirable specimen of Indian legislation — of unschooled forest statesmanship — and wisdom, if we regard its practical workings — belongs to Lewis H. Morgan, Esq. of Rochester, who communicated the result of his labors, in numbers, to the North American Review. In reading his essays, it is difficult to determine which most to admire, the careful and industrious researches of the author, in a matter so difficult to comprehend, with no records, and little beyond obscure tradition for his guides; or the zealous and lively feelings he manifests, in every thing that concerns the character and welfare of the unfortunate race whose interesting traditions he has aided in rescuing from oblivion.

PREFACE. VII

general rule, public events should not assume the form bf history, until time has ripened them for it ; and especially such as have involved controversy, many of the prominent actors in which may survive — the asperities it engendered, unobliterated. A political history of the Holland Purchase, has formed no part of the plan of work; on the contrary, even allusions to partisan contentions have been mostly avoided. That should form a distinct branch of history; its appropriate alliance is with the general history of the state ; and those who may desire to study it, have the means furnished them in the candid and impartial work of Judge Hammond.

The range of the work thus extended, its magnitude has been increased far beyond the original design. In adopting the general plan, there was a purpose to be subserved, in addition to those that have been named. Had the work been merely a history of settlement and local events upon the Holland Purchase, it must necessarily have been one of considerable magnitude — attended with an expense that any prospective local sale would not have warranted. It has therefore been the aim of the author, to impart to it both a local and general interest; how far he has been successful, time, and the ordeal to which he submits his labors, must determine. From the moment the general plan of the work was adopted, and its expense to the purchaser enhanced beyond the mark originally indicated, it has been the constant aim of the author to give it a corresponding value. It will be seen that little expense has been spared in its mechanical execution ; and the author flatters himself that the twenty-two illustrations will be adequately appreciated by those who possess themselves of a copy of the work. The Maps of the eight Counties have been prepared by a competent hand, carefully adapted to localities as they now exist, and may be considered of themselves as having an intrinsic value, equal to any addition that has been made to the price of the work, from the lowest sum that has been named in connection with the enterprize ; while the number of excellent Portraits of distinguished Pioneers, have been extended far beyond what was originally contemplated. The careful legal deduction of title in the Appendix, in addition to the historical deduction in the body of the work, will be found a valuable accession to law libraries, while it will aid the general reader in a better understanding of that subject, than can be obtained from any facilities hitherto furnished in a form of general access.

It is hardly necessary to inform the intelligent reader, that Mr. Bancroft's History of the United States has been the basis of all that relates to French and English occupancy ; though the author has been materially aided by Lanman's History of Michigan, and Bkown's History of Illinois, both of which had traced events from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to

VUl

PREFACE.

their local regions; and he regards himself as somewhat fortunate m having been enabled to add, from various sources, no mconsiderable amount of materials that have hitherto had no place in history, other than in the form of manuscript records, neglected newspaper files, or among the collections of Historical Societies.* If, as most historians are obliged to do, he has been under the necessity of culling his materials, m many instances, from fields already explored, he may, perhaps, without incurring the charge of egotism," assume that he has occasionally been enabled to bring fresh contributions to the common stock of historical knowledge.

There are those to whom the author is indebted for local statistics, who will miss a portion of their contributions. The omissions have been reluctantly made. To have carried out the plan of giving in detail, all that related to early county and town organizations, would have been to exclude laro-e portions of the work that were deemed more essential, and it is hoped, will prove in the end quite as acceptable. It was intended, however, to have given sketches of the first organization of all the Counties; but that intention has been but imperfectly consummated, owing principally, to the absence of the necessary materials. The records of the primitive organization of the Courts, etc. of old Niagara, were inaccessible, owino- to the condition in which the large mass of records were in, preparatory to a new arrangement of them, in the Clerk's office of Erie. The author unexpectedly failed in procuring the primitive records of Chautauque and Allegany.

It was a paramount object in giving sketches of the Pioneer settlement of the Holland Purchase, to embrace as many of the names, and as much of personal reminiscences, as practicable. To this end, the general plan was adopted, of giving a list of all who took contracts previous to January 1st, 1807; and of the first five or six, and sometimes more, of those who took contracts in all the townships upon the Purchase that were net broken into previous to that date. These lists have been made with a great deal of care and labor, and yet, there are undoubtedly many errors in them. Contracts in many instances, were in the name of those who never became settlers, and in numerous other instances perhaps, there were transfers of contracts, the name of the actual settler not appearing upon the contract books. Although there are in these tabular lists, and in various other forms, the names of four or five thousand of the Pioneers upon the Holland Purchase, the author has sincerely to regret, in many instances, the omission of the names of early, prominent Pioneers. These omissions are principally of those who became settlers after January 1st, 1807, and Avere

* A principal one, having been that of the State of Marj-laud, as indicated in some portions of the work.

PREFACE. i*

not the earliest in their respective townships. The Table in the Appendix, containing a list of the townships, with reference to towns as they now exist, will be found useful, in designating the localities of early settlement. Errors in dates, names, and events, in reference to Pioneer settlement, will undoubtedly be found ; in some instances they were unavoidable. They have depended, of course, mainly, upon the memory of the aged and infirm. None but those who have been engao-ed in o-atherino- reminiscences

o o o o

from such sources, can know their liability to errror and discrepancies. Any two or three will seldom agree in their recollections. In many instances interesting reminiscences have been omitted, where it was impossible to reconcile conflicting statements. It is presumed, upon a consciousness of having exercised great care in this respect, that but few material errors will be found ; where such exist, and the author is referred to them, they will be corrected in a second edition.

Much as perhaps the necessity of apologies may be indicated throughout the work, they will be indulged in but sparingly. Intelligent narrative has been the highest mark aimed at in its literary execution. Long accustomed, as the author has been, to writing for the newspaper press — a branch of composition where a careful weighing of words and sentences is generally precluded by exigencies allied to it — he may have brought to his new task something of habit thus acquired, and incurred the just criticism of those who apply to the work no more than fair tests, or subject it to no more than a liberal ordeal. Reared amid the most rugged scenes of Pioneer life upon the Holland Purchase, with little of early opportunities for education, beyond those afforded in the primitive log school house, he can prefer no claim to any considerable attainments in scholarship; and submits a work to the public, of the character and pretensions of this, not in the absence of an anxiety, and a distrust, which may be supposed to arise from a consciousness of what he has thus frankly acknowledged. " Literary leisure," so essential to the faultless execution of such a task as this has been, he has not enjoyed. It is about eighteen months since the collection of materials was commenced; during the fore part of that period, a connection with a newspaper necessarily divided the time and attention of the Author; and since the preparation of the work for the press commenced, his own ill health, consequent upon a phyical constitution much impaired, and ill health in his family, have been the cause of frequent interruptions. Much the largest portion of the work has been prepared since the printing commenced. All this is not intended to disarm any just and fair criticism; but may perhaps, with some propriety, be preferred to break the force of technical cavilling, or the asperities of faultfinding, if they are encountered.

It only remains to make personal acknowledgments of the kind offices and essential aids of those who have cooperated in the enterprise : — To

X PREFACE.

the Hon. Washington Hunt, of Niagara, for early encouragement to embark in it, and generous assistance, whenever needed, in its progress ; and to the Hon. Hiram Gardner, of Lockport, and the Hon. Wm. Buel, of Rochester, the Author is under hke obhgations. To his brother, C. P. Turner, Esq. of Black Rock, who, in various ways, has lent his zealous cooperation and assistance.

To Lyman C. Draper, Esq. a resident of Philadelphia, but a native of the Holland Purchase, for essential aid in procuring valuable and rare materials for the work. Leaving this region an ambitious boy, in search of an education ; that acquired, he engaged in historical researches, and now enjoys a well earned fame for valuable contributions to American history. Apprised of the Author's intention to commence this work, prompted by private friendship, and a laudable zeal to aid in the history of the region in which his parents were Pioneers, he has volunteered to search the archives of historical societies, and give to the work the benefit of his discoveries. He is now engaged in Philadelphia, in preparing for the press "The Life and Times of Gen. George Rogers Clark, of Kentucky," and intends to follow it up with histories of others of the prominent pioneers of the Valley of the Mississippi.

To 0. H. Marshall, Esq. of Buffalo, for free access to a library, in which he has gratified a highly cultivated literary taste, by the accumulation of rare works, in various departments of American history. Meeting him as a stranger, the Author has found in him a friend, patiently and generously, from time to time, cooperating in his enterprise, and giving him the benefit of his more than ordinary familiarity with early Colonial history, and all that relates to our immediate predecessors, the Seneca Iroquois.

To Ebenezer Mix, Esq. of Batavia, for the benefit of his long familiar acquaintance with the Holland Purchase, and the details of the Land Office, in the preparation of the Maps, the Topographical Sketch, and the deduction of title in the Appendix. To Gov. Cass, of Michigan, and the Hon. Henry C. Murphy, of Long Island, for the possession of books and pamphlets, essential to the work. To James D. Bemis, Esq.^ of Canandaigua, the respected Father of the Press of Western New York, for early cooperation in the enterprize; and to Judge Oliver Phelps, of the same place, for free access to the papers of his grandfather, the patroon of settlement, whose brief biography is given in the body of the work. To the Members of the Buftalo Young Men's Association, for the benefit of free access to their extensive Library, and all the facihties their praiseworthy institution afforded. To Henry O'Rielly, Esq. for the possession of valuable papers that he had accumulated with reference to an historical enterprise that it is hoped he will yet find leisure to consummate. To the

PREFACE. XI

young friend of the auttor, Daniel W. Ballou, Jr. of Lockport, wtom he transferred from his place as compositor in a printing office, to assist him as a copyist; for aid in historical researches he had so well qualified himself to render, by early studious habits, and an employment of his leisure hours in the laudable pursuit of knowledge. To all, who are identified in the body of the work, as having lent their cooperation and assistance ; and especially to such surviving Pioneers as have cheerfully given the author the benefit of their recollections.

The Author closes with an acknowledgement of his obligations to the enterprising Printers and Publishers, Messrs. Jewett, Thomas, & Co. prompted as well by a sense of gratitude for their uniform personal courtesy and kindness, as by the gratification which is derived from seeing liis work go out from their hands so good a specimen of the progress of the art of typography upon the Holland Purchase ; and so creditable to a craft with which he has himself been so long identified.

Note. — The Portraits in the work are mostly daguerreotype transfers frorn oil paintings, made at the Gallery of Messrs. Evans & Powelson, Buffalo. To the correctness of the transfers, their excellence is in a great measure to be attributed; though their after execution is regarded as a creditable specimen of the progress of the art of Lithography in the United States. The artists employed upon the illustrations are indicated by their names.

Index

Page.

Ancient Pre-occupants of Western N.

York, 17

Ancient Relics, 19

Ancient Battle Field, 30

Aurora, remains and implements found 30

An aged Indian, 31

Ancient works at Lancaster and Shelby 35

Antiquity of the Iroquois, 48

Arrangement of Tribes at the Council

Fires, 59

Allouez Ill, 113

Aix La Chappelle, treaty of 1748, 177

Amherst, General 205, 217

Account of a French Colony, 1655, 243

Arnold, Benedict 272

Alden, Col 275

Allan, Ebenezer 296

Autrechy, Alex'r 414

Alexander, 531

Allegany County, 579

Attica 532

Brebeuf's journey to the Neuter Nation 65

Biart, Father 99

Barre, De La I37

Blacksmith's Tradition, 150

Burnet, Gov. William I75

Barnwell ]79

Bradstreet, Col 204, 233, 234

Brief notices of events under English

dominion, 226

Battle near Buffalo, 231

Burnt Ship Bay * [ 233

Border Wars of the Revolution, .' 253

Brant — Thayendanega, 259

Brant, .Tohn ogo

Butler, Col. Zebulon 274

Butler Col. John 274, 278

Uoyd, Lieut 079

Brief Biographical Sketches. ..','. O^K

Butler, Thomas '\ gjj

Bruff, Capt " " * n.r,

Page.

Blackman, Mrs 386

Barton, Benj 392

Brisbane, James 416

Buffalo 418, 498

Burr, Aaron 419

Busti, Paul 426

Bush, Wm. H 471

Blacksnake, Gov 509

Brief reminiscences of the war of 1812 584

Burning of Buffalo, 597

Buffalo Gazette 601

Brown, Major General, 608

Bouck, Wrn. C 631

Changes of time 19

Clinton, De Witt 20, 623

Cuisick's History, (note) 29

Captives of the Iroquois 45

Council of the League, 50

Civil and Mihtarj' Relations of the

Iroquois, 53

Consanguinity of the Iroquois, 56

Cabot, John and Sebastian 71

Conereal, Gaspar 72

Cartier, James 77, 79

Champlain, Samuel 84,109

Company of New France, 108

Colonists of New France, (note) 109

Colbert,. '. 113

Charlevoix's Description of Niagara

^ Falls ]94

Crown Point, 216

Church at Lewiston, 265

Campbell, Mrs. (note) 276

Clinton, General James 277

Chamberlin, Hinds 321

Cornplanter's Speech, 335

Culver, Oliver 397

Cazenove, Theophilus 425

Commencement of settlement and its

Progress to 1812, 445

Chapin, Cyrenius 450, 598

Clinton, Gov. George 466,' 620

Chipman, Lemuel 431

INDEX.

XUl

» Page.

Co^, Lemuel 496

Crouse, Peter R 510

Cuba 538

Coon, Alexander 552

Carpenter, Rev. James 553

Carey, Ebenezer 563

Chautauque County, 576

Cattaraugus County, 578

Cook, Lothrop and Bates 592

Cass's visit to Niagara Frontier, 604

Commerce of the Upper Lakes, 638

Colles, Christopher 619

Dominion of the Iroquois, 41

j Decay of the Iroquois, 43

iDiscoveries by Europeans, accidental 90 ~)e Laet's Description of New Neth-

llands, 91

trade with the Natives, 91

De Nonville's Expedition 143

Dallion, Joseph De La Roche 192

Dieskau, 200

Du Quesne, Fort 205

Devil's Hole, 227

Dorchester's, Lord, Indian Speech,... 342

Dunham, Gideon 467

Duma, Jeptha , 497

Doolittle, Ormus and Reuben 533

Douglass' description of Buffalo 606

Equality of the Iroquois Confederac}', 59 Early European Voyages and Discoveries, 71

Exports of Fur, 91

Early Notices of Niagara Falls, 192

Early glimpses of Western New York, 236

Ellicott, Joseph 404, 41 2, 430

Ellicott, Benjamin 408, 432

Ellicott, Andrew 432

Evans, David E 442

Egleston, George 414

Eddy, David 475

Erie County, 575

Erie Canal 617

Eddy, Thomas 624

Fort Hill, 31, 152

Franciscans, 93

First vessels upon the Upper Lakes, 116

Frontenac, Fort 161

Fur Trade 223

Farmers Brother 230, 291

Fairbanks, Joshua 319

Frontier Posts after peace of 1783,. . . 338 First assault and batterj' case in Buffalo 414 First crops raised on the Holland

Purchase 420

Foster, Mrs. Anna 470

Page.

First settlers on the Holland Purchase, from the commencement of land

First settlers in townships, from 1808

Farmersville, 540

Fillmore, Rev. Gleason 546

Fort Niagara 183, 206, 590

Geographical position of the Iroquois, 42

Goshnold 80

Garangula, 138, 142

Gralfenried, 173

Greenhalph, Wentworlh 236

Gansevoort, Col 269, 272

Glimpses of Western New York after

the Revolution, 310

Gould, John 313

Gorham, Nathaniel, 329

Green, John 508

Garnsey, Hon. D, G 511, 642

Griffith, Eli. 516

Griffin, John 538

Genesee County 574

Human bones excavated, 27

Ho-de-no-sau-nee 42

Henry Vll, 71

Hochelaga 78

Hunt, Capt 81

Hudson, Henry 82, 87.

Hennepin's account of jLa Salle's boat, 119

Hennepin, 129

Hennepin's account of the Falls, 193

Hudson Bay Company, 222

Herkimer, General, 268

Hopkins, Silas 310

Hosmer, Timothy 376

Historical Deduction of Holland Company Title, 401

Haudecour 414

Howell, Hon. Nathaniel W 417

Hamilton, Alexander 418

Hopkins, Gen'l Timothy S 421

Holland Co's. West Geneseo Lands, 424

Hurd, Reuben 497

Hoops, Maj. Adam 504

Hart, Joseph 554

Hall, General 594

Hawley, Jessee 621, 629

Holley, Myron 626

Indications of preceding Races, 18

Indian Burial Grounds 26

Indian Remains on Genesee River, 36

Iroquois or Five Nations, 40

Independence of each Indian Nation, 51

Iroquois Laws of Descent, 56

Indian Treatment of Children, 64

Indian Trade, 175

Indian Treaties for Lands, 304

XIV

INDEX.

Page.

Joulel 132

Joncaire, 184, 186

Journal of the Seige of Fort Niagara, 209 Johnson, Sir William. 217, 22d, 233, 247

Johnson, Guy 255

Johnson, Sir John 265, 267

Jones, Horatio 286

Jemison, Mary 293

Jeraison, John 295

Johnston, Capt. Wm 411, 498

Kienuka, 26

Kah-Kwahs 30

Kirkland's Visit to Genesee, 36

Kirkland's Observations on Indian

Remains, 37

Kirkland, Rev. Samuel 238

Kelsey, Jehiel 383

Kemp, Burgoyne 387

L'Allemant, 65

Letters' Patent, 81

Leon, Ponce De 90

Loyola, Ignatius 95

La'Salle 116

L'Archiveque 131

La Hontan's Account of De Nonville's

Expedition, 147

La H ontan's Account of Niagara Falls, 1 57

La Force, (note) 210

Lindsay, 246

Laiucourt, La Rochefoucauld 318

Land Titles, 325

Lessee Company's Claims, (note).. . 337

Lewiston, 420

Loomis, Chauncey 485

Lost Boy 486

Le Couteulx, 501

Lockport, Prominent Settlers 551

Lovejoy, Mrs 599

Mountain Ridge 26

Missions among the Iroquois, 41

Marriage Regulations, 54

Marquette, 112

Mercer, Col 201

Montcalm 202, 214

Murray, Gen'l 217

Massacre of Wyoming, 274

Mountpleasant, John 314

Morris, Robert 349

Morris Purchase 396

Morris's Reserve, 397

McKav, John 381

Mile Strip, 409

McKain, James 487

Morrison, Major John 494

Molyneux, William 496

Mather, David 498

Marshall, Mrs 510

McMahan, Col. Jamea 511

Maxon, Joseph "34

Methodist Church, 547

McCall, James 536

Mathews, James 555

Mix, Ebenezer 567

McClure, Gen 589

Names of the Iroquois Confederacy, . . 40

Naming of children, 58

Neuter Nation, 65

Number of Jesuit Missionaries, 103 ■*''

North West Company, 223

Noble, Russell 468.^

New Amsterdam , ^^Qfl

Niagara County, 58^H

Newark 58^|

Original Nations of the Iroquois, -^'

Order of the Jesuits, ;-»v,. m, 95

Oswego, Si^r 209

Oglethrop, Gen '. . ] 76

Onondagas, destruction of. 231

Otto, Jacob S -^441

O'Fling, Patrick 467

Oleau Point, 506

Organization of Courts, 521

Oil Springs 539

Oak Orchard 558

Orleans County, 581

Poem 28

Power and bravery of the Iroquois, ... 43

Periods of holding Council Fires, 60

Plymouth Company, 81

Protestant Missionaries of New England 99

Pallisades of Fort Niagara, 134

Pitt, William 203

Prideaux, Gen 206

Palatines, 245

Palatine Committee, 254

Parrish, Jasper 292

Pickering, Timothy 307

Progress of settlement westward after

the Revolution, 304

Pemberton, James 316

Phelps and Gorliam's purchase, 325

Pultney, Sir William 327

Phelps, Oliver 328

Porter, Augustus 358, 489

Porter's Narrative 361

Pitts, Capt. Peter 385

Pine Grove, 446

Palmer, James R 454

Palmer, Joseph 466

Peters, T. C 547

Pioneer Settler upon the Holland Purchase and his progress, 562

Phelps and Chipman's purchase, 481

Peacock, William 569

Porter, Peter B 611

INDEX.

XV

Page.

^ Fort 29

Rotnans of the West 47

Representatives of the Iroquois, 49

Roche, Francis De La 79

Raleigh, Sir Walter 80, 90

Ralle, Father 105

Reminiscences of Fort Niagara, 188

Rogers, Major 218

Red Jacket and L'afaj^ette, (pote) . . . . 305

Ransom, Asa and Elias 453

Rhea, Alexander 467

Ridge Road 497

Rushford, 535

Rawson, Solomon 537

Riddle, Lieut 598

■Structure of the Iroquois Confederacy, 48

ecas and Eries, 69

ith, John 81

n^ness of Colonization, 89

Schenectady, 164

Shirley, Gov 201

Seige of Fort Niagara, 206

Stanwix, Gen'l 205

Schlosser, Fort (note) 227

Stedman, John 229

St. Leger, Gen'l 269

Schuyler, Gen'l 267

Schuyler, Han Yost 272

Sullivan's Expedition, 277

Steuben, Baron 338

Simcoe, Governor 341

Scotch Colony 380

Surveys, 404

Stevens, James 474

Sheldon, 482

Slayton, Joshua 495

Salt Works, 558

State of the frontier at the beginning

of the War 585

St. John, Mrs 599

Sortie of Fort Erie 606

Tonawanda Island, 34

Territory of the Iroquois, 41

Treatment of Prisoners among the

Indians, 45

Tradition of the Senecas, 46

Ta-do-da-hoh, 50

Tribes of the Iroquois, 53

Page.

Trails, 62

Tonti, 118

Tuscaroras, 177

Treaty of 1763, 219

Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1784, 304

Tax Roll 390

Turner, Roswell 481

Turner, Otis 557

Topography of the Holland Purchase, 570

Unanimity of the Iroquois Council, . . 61

Utrecht, treaty of 174

Verrazana, 72

Victor, 145

Vaudreuil, 170, 216

Van Schaick, 281

Van Campen, 288

Variation of the Magnetic Needle,

Vander Kemp, John J 429

Van Horn, Judge 551

Washington, (note,) 200, 619

Williams, Col. Ephraim 200

Wolfe, Gen. James 205, 213

Walpole, 177

West, Dr. Joseph 188

Womp 240

Willett,Col 271, 282

Williamson, Charles 329, 417

Wayne, Gen 344

Wilkenson, Gen. James 446

Winne ' 418

Walthers, Frederick ■ 420

Warren, Gen. William 473

Warren, Mrs 488

Wilder, John 479

Walsworth, James 517

Wilson, Reuben 548, 593

Whitney, Gen 559

Wj-oming County, 580

Wadsworth, Gen 587

Walden, Judge 598

Watson, Elkanah 620

Wilkeson, Samuol 643

Yonnondio, 152

Young, John •. ... 469