Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York, embracing some account of the ancient remains, a brief history of our immediate predecessors, the Confederated Iroquois ... a synopsis of colonial history; some notices of the border wars of the Revolution; and a history of Pioneer...

Front matter

HE^H©©^^, PIONEER HISTORY OF THE HOLLAND PURCHASE OF WESTERN NEW YORK: EMBRACING SOME ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT REMAINS; A BRIEF HISTORY OF OUR IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS, THE CONFEDERATED IROQUOIS, THEIR SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, WAR8, ETC. A SYNOPSIS OF COLONIAL HISTORY: SOME NOTICES OF THE BORDER WARS OF THE REVOLUTION: AND A HISTORY OF PIONEER SETTLEMENT UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE HOLLAND COMPANY; INCLUDING REMINISCENCES OF THE WAR OF 18 12; THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS AND COMPLETION OF THE ERIE CANAL. etc etc. etc. BY O. TURNER. BUFFALO: PUBLISHED BY JEWETT, THOMAS & CO. GEO. H. DEBBY & CO. 1850. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1849, by O. Turner, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Northern District of New York. JEWETT, THOMAS & CO. STEREOTYPERS AND PRINTERS, Buffalo, N. Y. TO THE SURVIVING PIONEERS AND DESCENDANTS OF PIONEERS, OF THE HOLLAND PURCHASE, THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY THE AUTHOR.

Preface

. Read the Preface ! A command that may be regarded as too imper ative, and yet one that an author has some right to make, in consideration of the deep interest which he may be supposed to have in its observance. Having prepared an entertainment, as he is about to open the door to his guests, it is quite natural he should wish to pass them in with his own introduction. First, as to the general plan of the work : — There may be readers of it who have anticipated a history more strictly local in its character, than they will find this. It was the original intention of the author to have commenced with the close of the Revolution, and traced settlement and its progress westward, very much as has been done, with the exception of a more extended detail. Upon proceeding to his task, however, after mate rials for it had been collected, the important consideration presented itself, that, although there existed, in detached forms, sketches of the earliest approaches of civilization to this region — of early colonization tending in this direction — of the French and Indian and French and English wars; the long contest for supremacy and dominion; the occupancy of that extraordinary race of men, the Jesuit Missionaries; the Border Wars of the Revolution ; still, there was no history extant that connected all this, and furnished an unbroken chain of events allied to the region of Western New York, and especially the Holland Purchase.

The distinguished historian, Mr. Bancroft, was the first to draw from French sources any considerable amount of the history of French occupancy of the valley of the St Lawrence, and the borders of our lakes and rivers; of the advents of Jesuit Missionaries, and their cotemporaries, the fur traders; and embellish his country's history with a long series of interesting events, before almost unnoticed. But little could be gathered by an humble local historian, after such a gleaner had passed over the ground ; but his work is of a magnitude to preclude access to it, by the great mass of readers;

PREFACE.

. VI and that portion of it having reference to this region, but incidental to the general history of the United States. Aside from this, the early history of our region, embracing the periods and events alluded to, was to be found only in detached forms — much of it in old newspaper files and magazines — in conditions to make it generally inaccessible. Having adopted the title, Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase, early events, the first glimpses that our own race had of this region, was indicated as the starting point; and taking position there, the necessity of o-oinoeven still farther back, seemed involved. The ancient remains, the mysterious, rude fortifications upon the bluffs, ridges, and banks of streams, throughout our local region, form an interesting feature, and one that claimed a place in our local annals.

Some account of our immediate predecessors, the Seneca Iroquois, was suggested as coming within the immediate range of local history; and especially as they were to be mingled in almost our entire narrative. All that relates to them possesses a peculiar interest; that which relates to the system of government of the confederacy to which they belong, is a branch of their history but recently investigated to any considerable extent; is far less generally understood than most things appertaining to them, and has therefore been made to occupy a prominent position in that portion of the work.* As civilization approached this region, from that direction, colonization upon the St. Lawrence has necessarily been the main feature of that portion of the work having reference to European Pioneer advents.

Enough, however, of early colonization elsewhere has been embraced, to afford a glimpse of cotemporary events ; and especially such as finally had a bearing upon events in this quarter. Starting principally with the advent of Champlain, a connected chain of events has been attempted, extending through long and eventful years, down to the extinguishing of the Indian title, the advent of the Holland Company, Pioneer settlement under their auspices, and the two prominent events, the war of 1812, and the construction of the Erie Canal, belonging to a later period. The title of the work, of itself, indicates its general character, and the intention of the author not to embrace events, generally, beyond early settlement, pioneer advents. Another volume would have been necessary, had it been concluded to extend the work to a later period; and besides, as a * The credit of a thorough investigation of this admirable specimen of Indian legislation — of unschooled forest statesmanship — and wisdom, if we regard its nrac tical workings-belongs to Lewis H. Morgan, Esq. of Rochester, who communicated the result of his labors, in numbers, to the North American Review In reading his essays, it is difficult to determine which most to admire, the careful and industrious researches of the author, in a matter so difficult to comprehend, with no records and little beyond obscure tradition for his guides; or the zealous and livelv feelin <4 he manifests, in every thing that concerns the character and welfare of the unfortunate race whose interesting traditions he has aided in rescuing from oblivion.

PREFACE.

. VII general rule, public events should not assume the form of history, until time has ripened them for it; and especially such as have involved controversy, many of the prominent actors iu which may survive — the asperities it engendered, unobliterated. A political history of the Holland Purchase, has formed no part of the plan of work ; on the contrary, even allusions to partisan contentions have been mostly avoided. That should form a distinct branch of history; its appropriate alliance is with the general history of the state ; and those who may desire to study it, have the means furnished them in the candid and impartial work of Judge Hammond. The range of the work thus extended, its magnitude has been increased far beyond the original design. In adopting the general plan, there was a purpose to be subserved, in addition to those that have beeu named.

Had the work been merely a history of settlement and local events upon the Holland Purchase, it must necessarily have been one of considerable magnitude — attended with an expense that any prospective local sale would not have warranted. It has therefore been the aim of the author, to impart to it both a local and general interest ; how far he has been successful, time, and the ordeal to which he submits his labors, must determine. From the moment the general plan of the work was adopted, and its expense to the purchaser enhanced beyond the mark originally indicated, it has been the constant aim of the author to give it a corresponding value. It will be seen that little expense has been spared in its mechanical execution ; and the author flatters himself that the twenty-two illustrations will be adequately appreciated by those who possess themselves of a copy of the work.

The Maps of the eight Counties have been prepared by a competent hand, carefully adapted to localities as they now exist, and may be considered of themselves as having an intrinsic value, equal to any addition that has been made to the price of the work, from the lowest sum that has been named in connection with the enterprize ; while the number of excellent Portraits of distinguished Pioneers, have been extended far beyond what was originally contemplated. The careful le^al deduction of title in the Appendix, in addition to the historical deduction in the body of the work, will be found a valuable accession to law libraries, while it will aid the general reader in a better understanding of that subject, than can be obtained from any facilities hitherto furnished in a form of general access.

It is hardly necessary to inform the intelligent reader, that Mr. Ban croft's History of the United States has been the basis of all that relates to French and English occupancy; though the author has been materially aided by Laxman's History of Michigan, and Brown's History of Illinois, both of which had traced events from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to

PREFACE.

. their local regions; and he regards himself as somewhat fortunate, in having been enabled to add, from various sources, no inconsiderable amount of materials that have hitherto had no place in history, other than in the form of manuscript records, neglected newspaper files, or among the collections of Historical Societies.* If, as most historians are obliged to do, he has been under the necessity of culling his materials, in many instances, from fields already explored, he may, perhaps, without incurring the charge of egotism, assume that he has occasionally been enabled to bring fresh contributions to the common stock of historical knowledge. There are those to whom the author is indebted for local statistics, who will miss a portion of their contributions. The omissions have been reluc tantly made.

To have carried out the plan of giving in detail, all that related to early county and town organizations, would have been to exclude laroe portions of the work that were deemed more essential, and it is hoped, will prove in the end quite as acceptable. It was intended, however, to have given sketches of the first organization of all the Coun ties; but that intention has been but imperfectly consummated, owing principally, to the absence of the necessary materials. The records of the primitive organization of the Courts, etc. of old Niagara, were inaccessible, owing to the condition in which the large mass of records were in, preparatory to a new arrangement of them, in the Clerk's office of Erie. The author unexpectedly failed in procuring the primitive records of Chautau que and Allegany.

It was a paramount object in giving sketches of the Pioneer settlement of the Holland Purchase, to embrace as many of the names, and as much of personal reminiscences, as practicable. To this end, the general plan was adopted, of giving a list of all who took contracts previous to January lst, 1807; and of the first five or six, and sometimes more, of those who took contracts in all the townships upon the Purchase that were not broken into previous to that date. These lists have been made with a great deal of care and labor, and yet, there are undoubtedly many errors in them. Contracts in many instances, were in the name of those who never became settlers, and in numerous other instances perhaps, there were transfers of contracts, the name of the actual settler not appearing upon the contract books.

Although there are in these tabular lists, and in various other forms, the names of four or five thousand of the Pioneers upon the Holland Purchase, the author has sincerely to regret, in many instances, the omission of the names of early, prominent Pioneers. These omissions are principally of those who became settlers after January 1st, 1807, and were * A principal one, having been that of the State of Man-land, as indicated in some portions of the work.

PREFACE.

. IX not the earliest in their respective townships. The Table in the Appendix, containing a list of the townships, with reference to towns as they now exist, will be found useful, in designating the localities of early settlement. Errors in dates, names, and events, in reference to Pioneer settlement, will undoubtedly be found ; in some instances they were unavoidable. They have depended, of course, mainly, upon the memory of the aged and infirm. None but those who have been engaged in gathering reminiscences from such sources, can know their liability to errror and discrepancies. Any two or three will seldom agree in their recollections. In many in stances interesting reminiscences have been omitted, where it was impossible to reconcile conflicting statements. It is presumed, upon a consciousness of having exercised great care in this respect, that but few material errors will be found ; where such exist, and the author is referred to them, they will be corrected in a second edition.

Much as perhaps the necessity of apologies may be indicated throughout the work, they will be indulged in but sparingly. Intelligent narrative has been the highest mark aimed at in its literary execution. Long accustomed, as the author has been, to writing for the newspaper press — a branch of composition where a careful weighing of words and sentences is generally precluded by exigencies allied to it — he may have brought to his new task somethingof habit thus acquired, and incurred the just criticism of those who apply to the work no more than fair tests, or subject it to no more than a liberal ordeal. Reared amid the most rugged scenes of Pioneer life upon the Holland Purchase, with little of early opportunities for education, beyond those afforded in the primitive log school house, he can prefer no claim to any considerable attainments in scholarship; and submits a work to the public, of the character and pretensions of this, not in the absence of an anxiety, and a distrust, which may be supposed to arise from a consciousness of what he has thus frankly acknowledged.

" Literary leisure," so essential to the faultless execution of such a task as this has been, he has not enjoyed. It is about eighteen months since the collection of materials was commenced; during the fore part of that period, a connection with a newspaper necessarily divided the time and attention of the Author ; and since the preparation of the work for the press commenced, his own ill health, consequent upon a phyical constitution much impaired, and ill health in his family, have been the cause of frequent interruptions. Much the largest portion of the work has been prepared since the printing commenced. All this is not intended to disarm any just and fair criticism; but may perhaps, with some propriety, be preferred to break the force of technical cavilling, or the asperities of faultfinding, if they are encountered. It only remains to make personal acknowledgments of the kind offices and essential aids of those who have cooperated in the enterprise: — To X

PREFACE.

. the Hon. Washington Hunt, of Niagara, for early encouragement to embark in it, and generous assistance, whenever needed, in its progress; and to the Hon. Hiram Gardner, of Lockport, and the Hon. Wm. Buel, of Rochester, the Author is under like obligations. To his brother, C. P. Turner, Esq. of Black Rock, who, in various ways, has lent his zealous cooperation and assistance. To Lyman C. Draper, Esq. a resident of Philadelphia, but a native of the Holland Purchase, for essential aid in procuring valuable and rare materials for the work. Leaving this region an ambitious boy, in search of an education ; that acquired, he engaged in historical researches, and now enjoys a well earned fame for valuable contributions to American history. Apprised of the Author's intention to commence this work, prompted by private friendship, and a laudable zeal to aid in the history of the region in which his parents were Pioneers, he has volunteered to search the archives of historical societies, and give to the work the benefit of his discov eries.

He is now engaged in Philadelphia, in preparing for the press " The Life and Times of Gen. George Rogers Clark, of Kentucky," and intends to follow it up with histories of others of the prominent pioneers of the Valley of the Mississippi. To 0. H. Marshall, Esq. of Buffalo, for free access to a library, in which he has gratified a highly cultivated literary taste, by the accumula tion of rare works, in various departments of American history. Meeting him as a stranger, the Author has found in him a friend, patiently and generously, from time to time, cooperating in his enterprise, and giving him the benefit of his more than ordinary familiarity with early Colonial history, and all that relates to our immediate predecessors, the Seneca Iroquois. To Ebenezer Mix, Esq. of Batavia, for the benefit of his long familiar acquaintance with the Holland Purchase, and the details of the Land OflBce, in the preparation of the Maps, the Topographical Sketch, and the deduction of title in the Appendix.

To Gov. Cass, of Michigan, and the Hon. Henry C. Murphy, of Long Island, for the possession of books and pamphlets, essential to the work. To James D. Bemis, Esq. of Canan daigua, the respected Father of the Press of Western New York, for early cooperation in the enterprize; and to Judge Oliver Phelps, of the same place, for free access to the papers of hit grandfather, the patroon of settlement, whose brief biography is given in the body of the work. To the Members of the Buffalo Young Men's Association, for the benefit of free access to their extensive Library, and all the facilities their praise worthy institution afforded. To Henry O'Rielly, Esq. for the possession of valuable papers that he had accumulated with reference to an historical enterprise that it is hoped he will yet find leisure to consummate. To the

PREFACE.

. XI young friend of the author, Daniel W. Ballou, Jr. of Lockport, whom he transferred from his place as compositor in a printing office, to assist him as a copyist; for aid in historical researches he had so well qualified himself to render, by early studious habits, and an employment of his leisure hours in the laudable pursuit of knowledge. To all, who are identified in the body of the work, as having lent their cooperation and assistance ; and especially to such surviving Pioneers as have cheerfully given the author the benefit of their recollections. The Author closes with an acknowledgement of his obligations to the enterprising Printers and Publishers, Messrs. Jewett, Thomas, & Co. prompted as well by a sense of gratitude for their uniform personal courtesy and kindness, as by the gratification which is derived from seeing his work go out from their hands so good a specimen of the progress of the art of typography upon the Holland Purchase ; and so creditable to a craft with which he has himself been so Ions; identified.

Note. — The Portraits in the work are mostly daguerreotype transfers from oil paint" ings, made at the Gallery of Messrs. Evans & Powelson, Buffalo. To the correctness of the transfers, their excellence is in a great measure to be attributed; though their after execution is regarded as a creditable specimen of the progress of the art of Litho graphy in the United States. The artists employed upon the illustrations are indicated by their names. INDEX Page. Ancient Pre-occupants of Western N. York 17 Ancient Relics 19 Ancient Battle Field 30 Aurora, remains and implements found 30 An aged Indian 31 Ancient works at Lancaster and Shelby 35 Antiquity of the Iroquois 48 Arrangement of Tribes at the Council Fires 59 Allouez Ill, 113 Aix La Chappelle, treaty of 1748, 177 Amherst, General 205, 217 Account of a French Colony, 1655, 243 Arnold, Benedict 272 Alden, Col 275 Allan, Ebenezer 296 Autrechy, Alex'r 414 Alexander 531 Allegany County, . 579 Attica, 532 Brebeufs journey to the Neuter Nation 65 Biart, Father 99 Barre, De La 137 Blacksmith's Tradition 150 Burnet, Gov.

William 175 Barnwell, 179 Bradstreet, Col 204, 233, 234 Brief notices of events under English dominion 226 Battle near Buffalo 231 Burnt Ship Bay 233 Border Wars of the Revolution, 253 Brant — Thayendanega, 259 Brant, John 263 Butler, Col. Zebulon 274 Butler, Col. John 274, 278 Boyd, Lieut 279 Butler, Walter 282 Brief Biographical Sketches, 286 Butler, Thomas 317 Bruff, Capt 348 Butler, Richard 349 Boughton, Jared 373 Page. Blackman, Mrs 386 Barton, Benj 392 Brisbane, James 416 Buffalo, 418, 498 Burr, Aaron 419 Busti, Paul 426 Batavia 464, 545 Bush, Wm. H 471 Blacksnake, Gov 509 Brief reminiscences of the war of 1812 584 Burning of Buffalo, 597 Buffalo Gazette, 601 Brown, Major General 608 Bouck, Wm. C 631 Changes of time 19 Clinton, De Witt 20, 623 Cuisick's History, (note) 29 Captives of the Iroquois, 45 Council of the League 50 Civil and Military Relations of the Iroquois, 52 Consanguinity of the Iroquois, 56 Cabot, John and Sebastian 71 Cortereal, Gaspar 72 Cartier, James 77, 79 Champlain, Samuel 84, 109 Company of New France, 108 Colonists of New France, (note) 109 Colbert, 112 Charlevoix's Description of Niagara Falls, 194 Crown Point 216 Church at Lewiston, 265 Campbell, Mrs. (note) 276 Clinton, General James 277 Chamberlin, Hinds 321 Cornplanter's Speech, 335 Culver, Oliver 387 Cazenove, Theophilus 425 Commencement of settlement and its Progress to 1812 445 Chapin, Cyrenius 452.593 Clinton, Gov.

George 466, 620 Chipman, Lemuel ' INDEX. XIII Page. Cook, Lemuel 496 Crouse, Peter R 510 Cuba 538 Coon, Alexander 552 Carpenter, Rev. James 553 Carey, Ebenezer 568 Chautauque County, 576 Cattaraugus County 578 Cook, Lothrop and Bates 592 Cass's visit to Niagara Frontier, 604 Commerce of the Upper Lakes, 638 Colles, Christopher 619 Dominion of the Iroquois, 41 Decay of the Iroquois, 43 Discoveries by Europeans, accidental 90 De Laet's Description of New Netherlands 91 Dutch trade with the Natives, 91 Duhaut, 131 Dulbut 137 Dongan, Gov 138, 158, 162 De Nonville's Expedition, 143 Dallion, Joseph De La Roche 192 Dieskau 200 Du Quesne, Fort 205 Devil's Hole 227 Dorchester's, Lord, Indian Speech,. . . 342 Dunham, Gideon 467 Dunn, Jeptha 497 Doolittle, Ormus and Reuben 533 Douglass' description of Buffalo 606 Equality of the Iroquois Confederacy, 59 Early European Voyages and Discoveries, 71 Exports of Fur 91 Early Notices of Niagara Falls 192 Early glimpses of Western New York, 236 Ellicott, Joseph 404, 412, 430 Ellicott, Benjamin 408, 432 Ellicott, Andrew 432 Evans, David E 442 Egleston, George 414 Eddy, David 475 Erie County, 575 Erie Canal 617 Eddy, Thomas 624 Fort Hill 31, 152 Franciscans 93 First vessels upon the Upper Lakes, 116 Frontenac, Count 137, 162, 170, 172 Frontenac, Fort 161 Fur Trade 223 Farmers Brother 230, 291 ' Fairbanks, Joshua 319 Frontier Posts after peace of 1783,. . . 338 First assault and battery case in Buffalo 414 First crops raised on the Holland Purchase 420 I Foster, Mrs. Anna 470 | Page.

First settlers on the Holland Purchase, from the commencement of land sales to 1807 454 .First settlers in townships, from 1808 to 1821 526 Farmersville, 540 Fillmore, Rev. Gleason 546 Fort Niagara 183, 206, 590 Geographical position of the Iroquois, 42 Goshnold, 80 Griffin, the 121, 126, 133 Garangula 138, 142 Graffenried 178 Greenhalph, Wentworth 236 Gansevoort, Col 269, 272 Glimpses of Western New York after the Revolution 310 Gould, John 313 Gorham, Nathaniel, 329 Green, John 508 Garnsey, Hon. D. G 511, 642 Griffith, Eli 516 Griffin, John 538 Genesee County 574 Human bones excavated, 27 Ho-de-no-sau-nee 42 Henry Vii, 71 Hochelaga, 78 Hunt, Capt 81 Hudson, Henry 82, 87 Hennepin's account of La Salle's boat, 119 Hennepin ' 129 Hennepin's account of the Falls, 193 Hudson Bay Company, 222 Herkimer, General, 268 Hopkins, Silas 310 Hosmer, Timothy 37g Historical Deduction of Holland Company Title 401 Haudecour 414 Howe)!, Hon. Nathaniel W 417 Hamilton, Alexander 418 Hopkins, Gen'l Timothy S 421 Holland Co's. West Geneseo Lands, 424 Hurd, Reuben 497 Hoops, Maj. Adam 504 Hart, Joseph 554 Hall, General 594 Hawley, Jesse 621,629 Holley, Myron 626 Indications of preceding Races, 18 Indian Burial Grounds 26 Indian Remains on Genesee River, 36 Iroquois or Five Nations 40 Independence of each Indian Nation, 51 Iroquois Laws of Descent 56 Indian Treatment of Children, 64 Indian Trade, 175 Indian Treaties for Lands, INDEX.

XIV Page. Maxon, Joseph 534 Methodist Church, 547 McCall, James 536 Mathews, James 555 Mix, Ebenezer 567 McClure, Gen 589 Names of the Iroquois Confederacy, . . 40 Naming of children, 58 Neuter Nation, 65 Number of Jesuit Missionaries, 1 03 North West Company 223 Noble, Russell 468 New Amsterdam 500 Niagara Countv, 582 Newark " 589 Original Nations of the Iroquois, 40 Order of the Jesuits 95 Oswego .' 175, 202 Oglethrop, Gen 176 Onondagas, destruction of. 281 Otto, Jacob S 441 O'Fling, Patrick 467 Olean Point 506 Organization of Courts, 521 Oil Springs 539 Oak Orchard 558 Orleans County 581 Poem 23 Power and bravery of the Iroquois, ... 43 Periods of holding Council Fires, 60 Plymouth Company, 81 Protestant Missionaries of New England 99 Pallisades of Fort Niagara, 134 Pitt, William 203 Prideaux, Gen 206 Pontiac 218, 235 Palatines 245 Palatine Committee 254 Parrish, Jasper 292 Pickering, Timothy 307 Progress of settlement westward after the Revolution, 304 Pemberton, James 316 Phelps and Gorham's purchase, 325 Pultney, Sir William 327 Phelps, Oliver 328 Porter, Augustus 358, 489 Porter's Narrative 361 Pitts, Capt. Peter 385 Pine Grove 446 Palmer, James R 454 Palmer, Joseph 466 Peters, T. C 547 Pioneer Settler upon the Holland Purchase and his progress 562 Phelps and Chipman's purchase, 481 Peacock, William 569 Porter, Peter B 611 Page.

Joliet 114, 117 Joutel 132 Joncaire, 164. 186 Journal os the Seige of Fort Niagara, 209 Johnson, Sir William. 217, 228, 233, 247 Johnson, Guy 255 Johnson, Sir John 265, 267 Jones, Horatio 286 Jemison, Mary 293 Jemison, John 295 Johnston, Capt. Wm 411, 498 Kienuka 26 Kah-Kwahs 30 Kirkland's Visit to Genesee 36 Kirkland's Observations on Indian Remains 37 Kirkland, Rev. Samuel 238 Kelsey, Jehiel 383 Kemp, Burgoyne 387 L'Allemaut 65 Letters Patent 81 Leon, Ponce De 90 Loyola, Ignatius 95 LaSalle 116 L'Archiveque 131 La Hontan's Account of De Nonville's Expedition 147 La Hontan's Account of Niagara Falls, 157 La Force, (note) 210 Lindsay, 246 Laincourt, La Rochefoucauld 318 Land Titles, 325 Lessee Company's Claims, (note). . . 337 Lewiston 420 Loomis, Chauncev 485 Lost Boy, 486 Le Couteulx 501 Lockport, Prominent Settlers 551 Lovejoy, Mrs 599 Mountain Ridge, 26 Missions among the Iroquois 41 Marriage Regulations 54 Marquette 112 Mercer, Col 201 Montcalm 202, 214 Murray, Gen'l 217 Massacre of Wyoming 274 Mountpleasant, John 314 Morris, Robert 349 Morris Purchase 39G Morris's Reserve, 397 McKav, John 381 Mile Strip 409 McKain, James 487 Morrison, Major John 494 Molyneux, William 496 Mather, David 498 Marshall, Mrs 510 McMahan, Col. James INDEX.

XV Page. Trails, 62 Tonti, 118 Tuscaroras 177 Treaty of 1763, 219 Treatv of Fort Stanwix, 1784, 304 Tax Roll 390 Turner, Roswell 481 Turner, Otis 557 Topography of the Holland Purchase, 570 Unanimity of the Iroquois Council, . . 61 Utrecht, treaty of 174 Verrazana 72 Victor 145 Vaudreuil 170, 216 Van Schaick, 281 Van Campen 288 Variation of the Magnetic Needle, (note,) 407 Vander Kemp, John J 429 Van Horn, Judge 551 Washington, (note,) 200, 619 Williams, Col. Ephraim 200 Wolfe, Gen. James 205, 213 Walpole 177 West, Dr. Joseph 188 Womp 240 Willett,Col 271, 282 Williamson, Charles 329, 417 Wayne, Gen 344 Wilkenson, Gen. James 446 Winne 418 Walthers, Frederick 420 Warren, Gen. William 473 Warren, Mrs 488 Wilder, John 479 Walsworth, James 517 Wilson, Reuben 548, 593 Whitney, Gen 559 Wyoming County, 580 Wadsworth, Gen 587 Walden, Judge 598 Watson, Elkanah 620 Wilkeson, Samuol 643 Yonnondio, 152 Young, John 469 Page.

Ring Fort 29 Romans of the West, 47 Representatives of the Iroquois, 49 Roche, Francis De La 79 Raleigh, Sir Walter 80, 90 Ralle, Father 105 Reminiscences of Fort Niagara, 188 Rogers, Major 218 Red Jacket and Lafayette, (note) .... 305 Ransom, Asa and Elias 453 Rhea, Alexander 467 Ridge Road, 497 Rushford, 535 Rawson, Solomon 537 Riddle, Lieut 598 Structure of the Iroquois Confederacy, 48 Senecas and Eries, 69 Smith, John 81 Slowness of Colonization, 89 Schenectadv, 164 Shirley, Gov 201 Seige of Fort Niagara, 206 Stanwix, Gen'] 205 Schlosser, Fort (note) 227 --'edman, John 229 L '.. Leger, Gen'l 269 Sohuyler, Gen'l 267 Schuyler, Han Yost 272 Sullivan's Expedition, 277 Steuben, Baron 338 Simcoe, Governor 341 Scotch Colony 380 Surveys, 404 Stevens, James 474 Sheldon 482 Slavton, Joshua 495 Salt Works 558 State of the frontier at the beginning of the War 585 St. John, Mrs 599 Sortie of Fort Erie 606 Tonawanda Island, 34 Territory of the Iroquois, 41 Treatment of Prisoners among the Indians, 45 Tradition of the Senecas, 46 Ta-do-da-hoh, 50 Tribes of the Iroquois, 53 INDEX TO

Appendix

AND NOTES. Albion, 658 Ancient Remains, 663 Black Rock, 653 Brant's Birthplace 664 Brace, Orange 665 Battle of Buffalo 665 Canal Villages 653 Clerks in Land Office 663 Deduction of Title from Robert Morris to Holland Company, 646 Ellicott's Monument INDEX Page. Marshall's Communications to the Historical Society 664 Ogden Pre-emption, 662 Pioneer Printers upon the Holland Purchase 663 Sequel of Holland Company's Investment, 661 Smith, Richard 662 Sainted Seneca Maiden 664 Sources of Morris's Biography, 665 Townships of the Holland Purchase, . 651 Tonawanda, 653 Williamson, Charles 665 Warren, Gen 665 Page. Expeditions of Gen. Sullivan and Col. Brodhead — Cotemporary Records in possession of D. W. Ballou, Jr. . . . 660 Ellicott 's Ancestors 665 Fort Porter, 666 German Emigrants 662 Islands in Niagara River, 663 Indian Burial at Black Rock, 664 Joncaire's Sons, 664 Joncaire and the Oil Springs, 666 Lockport, _ 654 Middleport, 657 Medina, 658 Middlebury Academy, PART FIRST.