The pedigree and history of the Washington family : derived from Odin, the founder of Scandinavia, B.C. 70, involving a period of eighteen centuries, and including fifty-five generations, down to General George Washington, first president of the United States

Front matter

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

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Preface

MY position as President of the "American College for Genealogical Registry and Heraldry " enables rae'to obtain correct pedigrees and history of Foreign Families, and as the English history of the Washington Family, by several authors, has been confessedly supposititious, it is deemed important that a correct and authentic volume should be written that would become the standard for reference on the subject.

My correspondent in London, from whom I have obtained the material for the Washington Pedigree in England, is a lineal descendant of the progenitor in England, and has been engaged over thirty years in gathering evidence. He thus writes : " If I had not taken upon myself the great labor of examining those inestimable Records, the * Common Pleas Rolls,' the truth of that great man's lineage would not have been revealed. They are of immense value, and I hope you will make them known to your countrymen by the publication of the Washington History. The pedigree I now send I can establish by legal evidence.

The uncertainty hitherto existing in regard to the English progenitors of the Washington Family, which has led to the numberless and fruitless controversies among the Genealogists, will be entirely removed and cleared up by this volume. Beginning: with Odin, the Founder of Scan dinavia, b. c. 70, the history is followed down through the

fiiil iv PREFACE.

Royal line of Denmark in the thirty-two generations to " Thorfin the Dane/' nat. circa a. d. iooo, whose ancestors were of Schleswig, Denmark. He settled in Yorkshire, England, prior to the • Norman Conquest. The descent is traced in Denmark and England, from father to son, down through the centuries, including branches in different shires, to John Washington, the great-grandfather of General George Washington, in twenty generations from Thorfin ; with interesting personal matter regarding nearly 500 members of the Family -and their alliances in England and America.

The Family of Washington derives its name from the Village of Wassington, juxta Raven sworth (now called Wharleton), in the Parish of Kirkby-Ravensworth, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Originally Evervicscire — the Eboricure of the Romans, or Evereux, — afterwards Ebor, at the time of the Conquest, and lastly Yorkshire.

The people of this part of the country were all of Scandinavian descent, and spoke the same language with the Normans themselves, which was the language of the Ancient Angles. The Saxons never settled here, and were of a different race. The City of York having been long before that time especially a Danish City, and the Chief City in all England.

With respect to the ^/^/^-Saxons, there were no Saxons in these parts, which was settled by the Angles, who spoke the same language as is spoken this day in these parts of Yorkshire ; and all those Saxon inscriptions, about which so many wonders are made, is simply plain Yorkshire. The Angles were a branch of the Danes, who lived in Schleswig (a seaport town of Denmark), and came over to England, men, women, children, beasts, &c, and left that country desolate for 300 years, as is confirmed by the Saxon chronicles.

The 174 manors given to Earl Alan by the Conqueror, were only so many shadows. There were only about six

PREFACE. v

manors really attached to the Earldom of Richmondshire ; of all the others he was merely nominally the Chief Lord ; and each was held by an owner whose ancestors held for many generations before the Conquest.

There was never in Richmondshire above six families descended from Norman Ancestors ; and they acquired their lands by marrying heiresses.

The growing importance and value of such a work as this, is illustrated by the increasing interest in everything pertaining to General Washington, and it is, in fact, the only genealogy and Family History of national importance in this country.

The Bible, is a History of the earliest races of Mankind ; and a Record of the Jewish Lineage — Religion, the Science of Immortality — Genealogy cognate with both, inasmuch as it is a study embracing the present life, combined with departed generations, giving results of vast import in the future, and may therefore be considered next only in importance to Religion and Bible History.

The Songs with which the Northern Bards regaled the Heroes at their " Feasts of Shells " were but versified chronicles of each Ancestral line, symphonied by their stirring deeds.

Through the oak fire's uncertain flame, the Chieftain saw descend the shadowy forms of his Fathers ; they came from the Halls of Odin, as the harper swept the strings, and deployed before their descendant, rejoicing in the sound of their praise. No parchment told his Lineage to the Warrior of those days, but the Heroic Names were branded each night upon his swelling heart by the burning numbers of the Bards.

Thus did the Northman chronicle his Ancestry in those unlettered times. Afterward, when the oak fire was extinguished, the shell thrown by, and the night came no more with songs ; when we reach the age of Records we find this love of Lineage availing itself of the new meth -d of comvi PREFACE.

memoration. This strong Ancestral spirit of the Northman may traced, partly to the profound sentiment of perpetuity which formed the principal and noblest element of his character, and partly to the nature of the property to which he was linked by immemorial customs of the race.

The Family History, or Record, of the Sovereigns of the World before Christ, furnish almost the only Histories of the Countries over which they reigned, as Egypt, Chaldea, Babylonia, Greece, &c. The Chinese annals, the most ancient known, were written with the most perfect exactness, and preserved with the greatest care ; composed originally by order of the Emperors— each of whom on his accession to the throne, commanded the acts of his predecessors to be written by some learned philosopher — so that the whole form one uniform continued series of the History of the Ancient Chinese Empire, from the beginning of the monarchy (Fo Hi b. c. 2538), for some thousands of years. And thus was the history of China obtained and preserved more correctly, and for a longer period than that of any other nation in the world. Had not the Hebrew race cherished this love of Kindred and Lineage we should not have any Bible to-day, and to this feeling we owe our knowledge of the History of the most ancient Kingdoms of the World and most of our Modern History. The English Registers have, for upwards of a thousand years, been the protection and authority of many families ; and the means of preserving large property interests. A. W

We are indebted to Mr. Henry J. Johnson for the use of several of the beautiful steel-plate illustrations from his publication, entitled " The Life and Times of Washington." Also to Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons for similar favors ; and to John C. Buttre, Esq., Steel-plate engraver. Also to James Phillippe, Esq., of London, for the English Pedigree.

DERIVATION

OF

"THORFIN, THE DANE,"

EARL OF THE ORKNEY ISLES,

FOUNDER OF THE WASHINGTON FAMILY IN ENGLAND,

CIRCA A. D. IO30-35, FROM

ODIN,

FIRST KING OF SCANDINAVIA, B. C. 70.

Page v. Odin, the son of Fridulf, supreme ruler of the Scythians, in Asaland, or Asaheim, Turkestan, between the Euxine and Caspian Seas, in Asia. He reigned at Asgard, whence he removed in the year b. c. 70, and became the first King of Scandinavia. He died in the year b. c. 50, and wras succeeded by his sons, who reigned in different parts of Scandinavia. His son

Page vii. Skiold became King of Zealand and Jutland,, b. c. 50, and died b. c. 40. His son was :

Page viii. Fridleif, who became the first King of Denmark, b. c. 40. He died b. c. 23. His son was :

Page viii. Frode Fredigod, who became King of Denmark, b. c. 23. He died a. d. 35. His son was :

Page viii. Frode II., who became King of Denmark, a. d. 59. He died a. d. 87. His son was :

Page viii. Vermund, the Sage, who became King of Denmark, a. d. 87, and died a. d. 140. His son was :

Page viii. Olaf, the Mild, who became King of Denmark, a. d. 140. Obit a. d. 190. His

Page viii. Daughter, became Queen of Denmark, — and u " Dan Mykillatj, her husband, became King of

DERIVATION OF THORFIN.

Denmark, a. d. 190. He died a. d. 270. His son

was : Page ix. Frode III., who became King of Denmark, a. d.

270. He died a. d. 310. His son was : Page ix. Halfdan, who became King of Denmark, a. d.

310. Obit a. d. 324. His son was : Page ix. Fridleif III., who became King of Denmark,

A. d. 324. He died a. d. 348 His son was : Page ix. Frode IV., who became King of Denmark, a. d.

348. He died a. d.. 407. His son was : Page ix. Halfdan II., who became King of Denmark,

a. d. 456. Obit a. d. 457. His son was : Page ix. Roe, who became King of Denmark, a. d. 460.

He died a. d. 494. His son was : Page x. Frode VI., who became King of Denmark, a. d.

494. He died a. d. 510. His son was : Page x. Frode VII., who became King of Denmark, a. d.

522. He died a. d. 548. His son was : Page x. Halfdan III., who became King of Denmark,

a. d. 548. He died a. d. 580. His son was : Page xi. Ivar Vidfadme, who became King of Denmark,

a. d. 588. Obit a. d. 647. His daughter, Page xi. Auda Diuphraudza, Queen of Holmgard, married Rerick, King of Holmgard. Her son was : Page xi. Harald Hildetand, who became King of Denmark, a. d. 647. Obit a. d. 735. His son was : Page xv. Throud, King of Frondheim, who married a. d.

750, a daughter of Sigurd Hring. His son was : Page xv. Eisten, King of Frondheim, born about a. d.

755. Married a. d. 780. His son was : Page xv. Halfdan, King of Frondheim, born about a. d.

785. Married a. d. 810. His son was : Page xv. Eisten Glumru, King of Thrandia, born about

a. d. 815, became King of Thrandia, a. d. 840. His Page xv. Daughter married, a. d. 850, Ivar, Earl of

Upland. Their son was :

DERIVATION OF THORFIN.

Page xv. Eisten Glumru. He was living a. d. 870. His

son was : Page xv. Rogvald, who was Earl of Moere, a. d. 885.

His son was : Page xx. Einar, Earl of the Orkney Isles. His son was : Page xx. Torfidur, who was Earl of the Orkney Isles,

a. d. 942. His son was : Page xx. Lodver, who was Earl of the Orkney Isles.

His son was :

Page xx. Sigurd, who was Earl of the Orkney Isles.

His son was : Page xxii. " Thorfin, the Dane," Earl of the Orkney

Isies, also called Torkill, of Richmondshire, England, Baron, and Lord of Tanfield, Founder of the Washington Family of England.

DERIVATION

OF

GEORGE WASHINGTON,

FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,

FROM

"THORFIN, THE DANE."

Page i. " Thorfin, the Dane," Earl of the Orkney Isles,

also called Torkill, of Richmondshire, England, Baron

and Lord of Tanfield, Founder of the Washington

Family in England, was born about a. d. ioio, and

settled in Yorkshire, England, about 1030-35. Obit

about a. d. 1080. His son was : Page 4. Bardolf fil Thorfin, born about a. d. 1035.

Obit about a. d. 1120. His son was : Page 5. Akaris fil Bardolf, born about a. d. 1080.

Obit a. d. 1161. His son was : Page 11. Bondo fil Akaris, born about a. d. 1122. Obit

about a. d. 1200. His son was : Page 14. Walter fil Bondo de Washington, born about

a. d. 1160. Obit about a. d. 1245. His son was: Page 17. Robert de Washington, born about a. d. 1195.

Obit about a. d. 1260. His son was : Page £5. Robert de Washington, born about a. d. 1230.

Obit about a. d. 1300. His son was : Page 31. Robert Washington, born about a. d. 1265.

Obit about a. d. 1325. His son was : Page 36. John Washington, born about a. d. 1305. He

died before a. d. 1386. His son was :

DERIVATION OF WASHINGTON.

Page $8. John Washington, born about a. d. 1330. He

died about a. d. 1405. His son was : Page 41. John Washington, born about a. d. 1365. He

died about a. d. 1425. His son was : Page 43. Robert Washington, born about a. d. 1400.

He died about a. d. 1479. His son was : Page 44. John Washington, born about a. d. 1430. He

died 4 May, a. d„ 1501. His son was : Page 47. Robert Washington, born a. d. 1467. He died

20 September, a. d. 15 17. His son was : Page 51. Thomas Washington, born a. d. 1493. He died

about a. d. 1560. His son was : Page 65. Laurence Washington, born about a. d. 15 15.

He was living a. d. 1543. His son was : Page 77. Laurence Washington, born about a. d. 1540.

He was living a. d. 1588. His son was : Page S6. Laurence Washington, born a. d. 1569. He

was living a. d. 1629. His son was : Page 96. Leonard Washington, born about a. d. 1595.

He died a. d. 1657. His son was : Page 105. Colonel John Washington, born a. d. 1627.

He died in January, a. d. 1677. His son was : Page in. Laurence Washington, born about a. d. 1661.

He died a. d. 1697. His son was : Page 114. Augustine Washington, born a. d. 1694. He

died 12 April, a. d. 1743. His son was : Page 126. GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON, first

President of the United States, born February 22, a. d.

1732, and died 14 December, a. d. 1799.

Introduction

All the Ancient Records of England are written in abbreviated Latin, and in writing varying in character from Hebrew, or Arabic to Greek, so that very few can read or understand them properly.

An attempt was made some years ago to publish some of these Record- „ but the parties employed to transcribe them could not read the originals correctly and left out much of the most important information.

With respect to the "Domesday Book," it is simply a schedule of the lands belonging to the King's Geld, and does not include any of the independent freeholders of the period, and is therefore; not of that importance, ignorantly attributed to it. William the Conqueror, although he confiscated some of the great fiefs of the Anglo-Saxon nobles, yet he did not touch the lands belonging to any of the tenants holding feudally under them. It embraces the whole of Yorkshire, with which is included part of Lancashire and Westmoreland.

YORKSHIRE.

The County of York gave William the Conqueror more trouble than any other of the shires. The eminent General Herreward le Wake, who resisted the Norman invasion more successfully than even Harold, was a native of what was then the North Riding. The Eboricans, after the country was subdued, allied themselves with the Angles, and were in constant revolt. The original Anglo-Saxon families disgusted with Norman severities, retired into Scotland, and it is from the "Ragged Roll" that the investigator can find trace of these families, after their removal. In view of this, there is good ground for the statement made by several writers, that there was actually no Survey made in the County of York at the period of the

11. INTRODUCTION.

Conquest. The '" Ragged Roll," copied by Nesbit, was returned to Scotland by Edward III.

The Saxons settled in the middle and southern portions of England, and were of a different race, the city of York having been long before that time especially a Danish city, and the chief city in all England.

The uncertainty hitherto existing in regard to the early progenitors of the Washington Family in England, which has led to the numberless and endless controversies among the English and American genealogists, will be entirely removed and cleared up by this History, which is based upon and compiled mainly from the " Common Pleas Rolls " of England.

These Rolls run over 2,000 skins of parchment for every year, and are closely written on both sides in abbreviated Latin. They contain everything relating to law, both civil and criminal, in all parts of England, with the Coronors' Rolls, &c. They form an extensive and valuable historical depository, and have been the means of clearing up and correcting a vast amount of the early history of the country at the time of, and subsequent to the Norman Conquest.

This Washington Family History therefore being authentic, must become important and valuable in England and America. The above Rolls having been inaccessible because inscrutable, have never been used by other Genealogists who have attempted to compile a " Washington Pedigree," and their disputes and controversies have been bitter and fruitless. General Washington's ancestors for many generations before they emigrated to America were agriculturists, and the reason that the names of the two brothers, Laurence and John, who came in 1659, do not appear in the published lists, was because they were not " subsidy jnen," but farmers of good estate, and this accounts also for the fact that the Genealogists were unable to trace the pedigree of the Washington Family in England, as it could not be found in any of the Public Records, except the "Common Pleas Rolls," all of which may be plainly seen in this History of the Family.

Washington Irving states that the progenitor of the Washington Family in England, from whom was derived George Washington, first President of the United States, was William de Hertburn, of Durham, 1 1 83 who exchanged his village of Hertburn for the manor and village of Wessyng'on, in Durham, and changed his name with the estate to de Wessyngton, and cites the " Bolden Book" to prove him the ancestor of the Washington Fam-

INTRODUCTION. lli.

ly, which the said book fails to do, but only recites that de Hertburn made ;he exchange. As Irving does not give account of the descendants of above William, he fails to prove him the ancestor of the American Washingtons.

He mentions next a William de Wessyngton who was at the battle of Lewes in 1264, inferentially son or grandson of said William de Hertburn, which he was not, as he was son of Walter fil Bondo de Wessington of Ravensworth, Yorkshire. He next mentions Sir Stephen de Wessyngton, of Durham, 1334, but does not state who he was. And next in 1350 a *William de Wessyngton, manifestly also descended from above William de Hertburn — as being lord of the manor of Wessyngton in Durham, and died 1367, whose son William succeeded to the estate, and as he left no male heir, the name and line died out, being merged into the Tempest (not Temple) family by marriage of his daughter with Sir William Tempest, of Studley in Yorkshire, who gave up the manor, and it passed to the family of Blackstone. Thus it is seen by Irving's own showing that William de Hertburn could not have been the ancestor of the American Washingtons.

He next refers to a John de Wessyngton, Prior of the Benedictine Convent in Durham, 141 5. He does not state who he was, but that he died in 1446. Having abandoned the de Hertburn founders, he next takes up for ancestor the Hon Laurence Washington, Mayor of Northampton, and states that he was son of John Washington, of Warton, Co. Lancaster. The above Laurence was son of John Washington, of Tuwhitfield, Co. Lancaster, who was derived from Robert de Washington, of Milleburn, Westmoreland, but General Washington was not derived from said Laurence. He next states that "John and Andrew Washington were great grandsons of above Laurence, and emigrated to Virginia in 1657." The two brothers Laurence and John, who emigrated in 1659, were sons of Leonard Washington, of Warton, Co. Lancaster, who died at Warton in 1657. His father and grandfather were named Laurence, born and died at Warton, Co. Lancaster.

Irving winds up the English pedigree thus : " We have entered with some minuteness into this genealogical detail, tracing the family step by step through the pages of historical documents, for upwards of six centuries."

* Above William, who died in 1367 was descended from William de Washington, son of Walter fil Bondo, of Wessington, juxta Ravensworth, Yorkshire. As there were several villages in different parts of England named Wessyngton, either might have served for ancestors.

IV. INTROD "CTION.

Those who will read the first chapter of his book may see the length of the steps, and the genealogical detail.

I have taken Irving as a type of the class. Many others have made similiar derivations. If any of these gentlemen had traced the lineage of the Washington Family from William de Hertburn, down through the generations from father to son, they might have named him as the progenitor in England, but as they have all failed in this, it is simply absurd to have adopted him. Furthermore the family was founded in England nearly two centuries prior to the time of said William de Hertburn.

WASHINGTON.

Of all the noble families of England, that of Washington is the most ancient and one of the most illustrious. Tracing back through the Royal line of Denmark to that gi^eat hero King Odin, the Founder of Scandinavia B. C. 70, whose life and character were so great and glorious that his people deified himself and family, and thus established a Scandinavian mythology of equal magnitude and grandeur with that of ancient Greece and Egypt, and of such minuteness in detail as to have confused some historians who were unable to separate the real from the mythological history.

The remarkable resemblance of character between Odin and his descendant Washington, separated by a period of eighteen centuries, is so great as to excite the profound and devout astonishment of the genealogical student — one the Founder of the most eminent race of Kings and Conquerors,, and the other of the Grand Republic of America.

SCANDINAVIA.

There is a nation, even now extant, possessing a history as brave as that of the Romans, as poetic as that of the Greeks — a nation that has controlled the world's history in many things and at many times, and whose achievements in war and in letters, are worthy the most heroic age of Rome and the most finished period of Greece ; a nation whose philosophy outran their age and anticipated results that have been slowly occurring ever since. This reference can be true of but one people, the Norsemen, the dwellers in Scandinavia, who lived as heroes, lords and conquerors ; who, sailing out of the ice and desolation in which they were born and nurtured, conquered England, Scotland and Ireland, ravaged Brittany and

INTRODUCTION. V,

Normandy, discovered and colonized Iceland and Greenland, and crossed the Atlantic in their crazy barks and discovered this very continent long before Columbus; anchored in Vineland Sound, and left a monument behind them ; and wheresoever they went they were lords and rulers.

And then their religion — what a wild, massive, manly mythology 1: With nothing of the soft sentimentalities of more southern people, but continent of much that revelation has assured us to be true in doctrine — presenting ever the necessity of right and doing right — of manliness, honesty and responsibility ; rewards and punishments.

All the ancient traditions of the North agree in describing the first inhabitants of Scandinavia as men of colossal stature and incredible strength. These giants (or trolls as they were called by the Eddas) were alleged to> have* been a remnant of the Canaanitish Anakim (descendants of Anek, derived from Canaan, the son of Ham, the son of Noah), whom Caleb and. Joshua, by Divine command, drove out of Palestine, and who ultimately settled in Scandia after fighting many battles with the Scythian emigrants. from Asia.

1. ODTN.

The most important epoch in the historical antiquities of the North, and the most memorable from the extraordinary revolutions it accomplished, is. the arrival of Odin, the Mars as well as the Mohammed of Scandinavia, the founder of those religious and political institutions which universally prevailed there until the introduction of Christianity.*

The account of the historical Odin, as narrated by Snorre in the Ynglina Saga, states that he came from Asaland or Asaheim, a district eastward of the river Tanais, the capital of which was called Asgard, and the people Asen or Aesir.

By his superior military talents Odin had endeared himself to his Asiatic subjects. He was successful in every combat, whence his warriors believed that victory hung on his arm. When he sent foi th his soldiers to any expedition he laid his hands upon them and blessed them ; they then

* It was in the reign of Emund Biorn, King of Sweden — 820 to 859 — that the light of the gospel first dawned in the north, although it did not become the established religion until the accession of Olaf Skotkanung, a.d. iooi, who, with his whole family, was baptized in 1001. The surname of Skotkanung or Tribute King, was given to Olaf on account of a yearly tax he paid to the Pope to carry on the war against the Infidels. Olaf was baptized by Sigefroy, an English monk whom King Ethelrcd of England had sent tc»> Sweden.

Vlll. INTRODUCTION.

exploits he is said to have conquered the Saxons and subjected them to the payment of an annual tribute. The son and successor of Skiold was :

3 FRIDLEIF THE FIRST, who was called the First King of Denmark of

the Skioldungers, or descendants of Skiold, the son of Odin. He succeeded to Skiold b. c. 40, and died B. c. 23. His sons were :

4 Frode Fredigod.

4 Fridlief.

4 Havar.

4 "FRODE FREDIGOD (Pacific) was King of Denmark at the time of

Christ." He succeeded King Fridleif in year B. c. 23 and died a. d. 35.

Frode I. enjoyed the reputation of unrivalled prowess as a warrior, having carried his victorious arms into Sweden, Germany, Hungary, England and Ireland. So strict was the administration of justice in his own dominions, that, if we may credit the Northern legends, bags of gold might have been safely exposed on the highways. It is alleged that he compiled a civil and military code, which Saxo Grammaticus states to have been extant in his time. He was succeeded by his brother Fridleif. His son was :

5 Frode, born at Ledra about A. D. 1.

4 Fridleif the Second became King of Denmark in a. d. 35, and died A. d. 47. He was succeeded by his brother

4 Havah, who became King of Denmark A. D. 47, and died A. D. 59.

He was succeeded by his nephew

5 FRODE THE SECOND, son of Frode Fredigod above, who became King

of Denmark a. d. 59, and died A. D. 87. His successor was his son

6 VERMUND THE SAGrE, who became King of Denmark A. D. 87, and

died a. D. 140. His successor was his son

7 QLAF THE MILD, who became King of Denmark and Zealand A. D 140,

and died a. d. 190. His daughter married Dan Mykillati, who was his successor.

8 DAN MYKILLATI (the Splendid), became King of Denmark in A. D. 190.

He died A. d. 270, after having reigned eighty years, with the greatest

justice and reputation. Almost all historians agree that he was the

founder of the kingdom of Denmark.

The first that united the Danish provinces (except Jutland, which formed a separate monarchy) under one government was Dan Mykillati (the Magnanimous), King of Scania, a descendant of Heimdal, and married to a

INTRODUCTION. ix.

daughter of Olaf the Mild, Sovereign of Zealand and Denmark, and sixth in descent from Skiold. He reduced the whole country, with the smaller islands, to subjection, and is alleged to have given his name to the new kingdom of which he was the founder. The union of his sister with Dyggve of Sweden, is reckoned the earliest matrimonial alliance that was formed between the two Crowns. The son and successor of Dan Mykillati was :

9 FR0D3 THE THIRD, who became King of Denmark a. d. 270, and died

A. d. 310. The son and successor of Frode the Third was:

10 HALFDAN THE FIRST, who became King of Denmark a. d. 310, and

died A. D. 324. He subdued Sweden, defeated Aun in many battles and having driven him from the throne, he fixed his residence in Upsala, where he died A. D. 324. The son and successor of Halfdan was :

11 FRIDLEIF THE THIRD, who became King of Denmark A. D. 324, and

died A. D. 348. His son and successor was :

12 FRODE THE FOURTH, who became King of Denmark A. D. 348, and

died A. D . 407. The three sons of Frode the Fourth were :

13 INGILD, who succeeded to his father as King of Denmark A. D. 407, and died A. D. 436. Another

13 HALFDAN THE SECOND, who succeeded to his brother Ingild as King of Denmark a. d. 456, and died A. d. 457 ; and

13 FRODE the Fifth, who succeeded to his brother Halfdan A. D. 457,