New Brunswick; with notes for emigrants. Comprehending the early history, an account of the Indians, settlement ...

Front matter

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Chapter I

remarks on british america.

Page.

Extent and Boundaries. — Claims of the Americans. — Physical Features

of the Country. — Relics of Ancient Nations. — Aboriginal Inhabitants. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 11.

HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF NEW BRUNSWICK, AS FORMING A PART OF ANCIENT ACADIA.

Discoveries of Cabot and Columbus. — Expeditions under Baron de Lery — Sir Humphrey Gilbert — Sir John Gilbert — Marquis de la Roche. — De INIonts visits Port Royal and the Bay of Fundy. — Settlements captured by the English. — Sir William Alexander. — Country ceded to France, conquered by the Inhabitants of New England. — Capture of Canada and Cape Breton — Restored. — Grants to La Tour. — Fortress on the St. John. — Contests between Charnisse and La Tour. — Heroism, Capture, and Sufferings of Madame de la Tour. — Indians of the Northern Coast. — French Settlements.— Disaffection of the French and Indians. — War. — Expulsion of the Acadians. — Capture of Louisburg by the Provincials. — Retui'n of the Acadians. — Conquest of Quebec by General Wolfe. — Peace. . .

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Chapter III. Historical Account Of The Early Settlements Of New Brunswick

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Early French Settlements at Bay Chaleurs— Miramichi. — Fatal Malady of the Colonists — Distress. — Victory of Capt. Byron. — Submission of the Indian Chiefs. — Revolutionary War. — First English Settlement at St. John. — Maugerville. — Attacks of the Americans. — Disaffection of the Indians — Presents — Reconciliation — Peace. — The Landing of Loyalists. — New Brunswick made a separate Proviiice — Administration. .. •• •• •• .. 43

Chapter IV. General Description Of New Brunswick

Boundaries. — Area. — Disputed Territoiy. — Claims of the Americans. — Border Difficulties — Threatened War — Settlement of the Dispute. Canadian Boundary. — General Features. — ^Mountains — Lakes — Rivers — Cataracts — Ice-barriers — iSIarshes — Islands — Lagoons. . . 57

Chapter V. Native Indians Of New Brunswick

Theories of Origin — Different Tribes — Physical Character — Customs — Powers of Endurance — Oratory — Dress — Wampum Belts — Hieroglyphics — Wigwams — Canoes — Relics — Portages — Wars — Intercourse with Europeans fatal — Fonner Savage Character. — Indian Confedei-ation — Villages — Pursuits — Anecdote — Languages. .. lOG

Chapter VI. Topography Of New Brunswick

Southern Counties. St. John. — Situation — Harbour. — City of

St. John — Edifices — Public Institutions — Manufactures — Industry. Carlton. — Musquash. — Harbours. — Agricultural Character. — Timber— Fisfici-ies. County of Charlotte. — Towns — St. Andrew's — St. Stephen's. — Rivers — Harbours — Islands. — Mills — Lumbering — rONTli^NTS. Xlll

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Soil — Surface — Agriculture. County of Westmoreland. — Situation

— Area — Division of the County — Agriculture — Parishes — Rivers — Marshes — Exports — Minerals — Old Fortifications. King's County. — Boundaries — Parishes — Villages — Settlements — Streams — Agriculture— Lumbering — Successful Immigrants. Queen's County. — Boundaries — Surface — Parishes — Rivers — Lakes — Fish — Soil

— Timber. — Gagetown — Scenery — AVild Lands — Immigrants. County of Sunbury. — First Settlement — Extent — Vernal Floods — Intervales — Agriculture — Losses by Fire. County of York. — Parishes. — Frederictou, the Capital — Site — Public Buildings — Institutions— Navigation. — Early Settlements — Militai-y Settlements

— Land Company — Boistown — Soil — Agriculture — Lumbering. County of Carlton. — Situation — General Features — Mountains — Streams — Lakes — Woodstock — Villages — Military Stations — Tobique River — Aroostook River — American Boundary — Grand Falls

— Salmon Fisheries — Madawasca — Acadian French — Impolitic Treaty — Soil — Agriculture — Lumbering. .. .. 119

Northern Counties. County of Kent. — Area — Parishes — Early

Settlement. — Town of Liverpool — Harbour. — Rivers — Indians — Coal-field — Fisheries — Timber. County of Norlhumherland. — Boundaries — Area — Parishes. — Miramichi Bay — River. — Towns — Newcastle — Chatham — Douglastown — Nelson. — Trade — Manufactures— Lumber — Ship-building — Great Fire — Destroyed Forests. County of Gloucester. — Surface — Parishes — Town of Bathurst — Rivers — Falls — Mining — Ship-building. — Pockmouche — Shippegan — Miscou. — Fisheries — Soil — Agriculture. County of Restigouche. — Situation — Area — Parishes — Settlements — Coast Fisheries — River§ — Mountains. — Towns — Dalhousie — Campbelltown. — Kempt Road — Indian Village — Gaspe — Great Roads — Bye Roads— Road-making — Bridge-building — Halifax and Quebec Railway. . . 181

Chapter VII. Agriculture

Climate — Soils — Alluviums— -Mari — Lime — Peat — Forests — New Lands — Imperfect State of Agriculture — Agricultural Societies — Productions— Wheat — other Grains — Indian Corn — Grasses — Horticulture — Floricultm-e — Mode of Clearing Wild Lands — Ashes — First Crop — Squatters — Forest Trees — New Settlements — Live Stock — Maple Sugar. — Game — Hunting — Sporting. . . . . . . . . 224

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Chapter VIII

the fisheries of nf.w brunswick.

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Historical Sketch of the Fisheries — Treaties with the French and Americans— Surrender of British Rights — Aggressions of the Americans — Advances of the Americans in 1845 — Danger of having all the Fisheries surrendered — Remonstrance — Deep-sea Fishing — Coast Fishing — Boat Fishing — Offal — Jigging. — Fisheries of New Brunswick, their Value and Capahilities — Neglected — Abundance of Fish — Exports — Bounty. . . . . . . . . . . 265

Chapter IX. Commerce And Industry Of New Brunswick

Colonial System— Colonial Protection — Timber Trade — Lumbering — The Forest — Kinds of Timber — Hard and Soft Woods — Lumbering Parties — Felling — Hewing — Forking — Drawing — Stream Driving — Rafting — Shipping — Saw Mills — Manufactures — Exports of Timber — Rocks and Minerals — Agricidtural Produce — Ship-building — Shipping — Imports — Revenue — Banks — Insurance Companies .. 289

Chapter X

POPULATION, AND RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL STATE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.

Population— Religion — Church of England — Roman Catholics — Presbyterians — Methodists — Baptists — Free-will Baptists — Religious Enthusiasm — Education — King's College — Seminaries — Grammar Schools — Sunday Schools— Temperance Societies — Social State — Customs and Manners — Fashions — Amusements — Acadian Frencli ^Government — Administration of Justice — Politics — Civil List .. 315

Chapter XI. Geology And Mineralogy Of New Brunswick

Rocks — Order of Superposition — Organic Remains — Coal-field — Fossil

CONTENTS. XV