The new Brazil, its resources and attractions, historical, descriptive, and industrial

Front matter

*

ITS RESOURCES AND ATTRACTIONS

Dr. affonso augusto moreira penna

Chapter XXXV Page

DR. AFFONSO AUGUSTO MORE1RA PENNA, PRESI- DENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF BRAZIL Fronts.

MONUMENT OF PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL 17

DOM JOAO VI., KING OF PORTUGAL, BRAZIL, AND

ALGARVES 19

DOM PEDRO L, EMPEROR OF BRAZIL 21

FOUNDATION STONE OF RIO DE JANEIRO .... 23

ENTRANCE TO THE HARBOR OF RIO 26

DOM PEDRO II., EMPEROR OF BRAZIL 28

RUSTIC BRIDGE IN THE GARDEN OF THE PRESI- DENT’S PALACE, RIO 29

CATTETE PALACE, RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT . 30

GRAND SALON, CATTETE PALACE, RIO 31

RECEPTION ROOM IN CATTETE PALACE 33

IN THE GARDENS OF CATTETE PALACE 35

STATUE OF DOM PEDRO I. 36

PROCLAMATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF BRAZIL 38 STATUE OF THE VISCOUNT DE RIO-BRANCO .... 39

YPIRANGA MONUMENT, SAO PAULO 41

INTERIOR VIEW OF YPIRANGA 42

CORRIDOR OF YPIRANGA 43

NATIONAL MUSEUM, SAO CHRISTOVAO, RIO ... . 45

THE CROWN-PRINCESS ISABEL 47

VISCOUNT DE RIO-BRANCO 48

DR. ANTONIO DA SILVA PRADO 49

DR. JOAO ALFREDO CORREA DE OLIVEIRA 51

OLD CARIOCA AQUEDUCT, RIO 52

OLD CARIOCA AQUEDUCT SEEN FROM BELOW ... 53

THE GAVEA 55

THE ISLAND OF PAQUETA, HOME OF ANDRADA . - 56

BRITISH PLENIPOTENTIARY DELIVERING HIS SOVER- EIGN’S RECOGNITION OF THE EMPIRE OF BRAZIL 58 PALACE OF AGRICULTURE, RIO DE JANEIRO .... 60

MONUMENT OF THE DUKE DE CAXIAS 61

THE STOCK EXCHANGE, RIO DE JANEIRO 63

THE POST OFFICE, RIO DE JANEIRO 65

MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO 68

RUA DO OUVIDOR, RIO DE JANEIRO 70

THE INSANE ASYLUM, RIO DE JANEIRO 72

A GLIMPSE OF THE OLD CARIOCA SQUARE .... 74

VISTA IN THE PARK, RIO DE JANEIRO 76

PAGE

GENERAL VIEW OF RIO DE JANEIRO 78

STATUE OF GENERAL OSORIO 79

NATIONAL MINT, RIO DE JANEIRO 81

MARSHAL FONSECA, FIRST PRESIDENT OF BRAZIL . 83

MARSHAL PEIXOTO, SECOND PRESIDENT OF BRAZIL 85

PRACA DA REPUBLICA, RIO DE JANEIRO 87

MILITARY SCHOOL, RIO DE JANEIRO 89

IN THE PASSEIO PUBLICO, RIO DE JANEIRO .... 91

COAT-OF-ARMS, BRAZIL 92

NATIONAL TREASURY, RIO DE JANEIRO 94

DR. PRUDENTE MORAES, FIRST CIVIL PRESIDENT . . 95

DR. CAMPOS-SALLES, PRESIDENT, 1898-1902 97

DR. RODRIGUES ALVES, PRESIDENT, 1902-1906 ■ • • 99

DR. PECANHA, VICE-PRESIDENT 101

DR. NABUCO, AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES 103

DR. RUY BARBOSA 104

DR. QUINTINO BOCAYUVA 105

THE SUPREME COURT, RIO DE JANEIRO 107

DR. LAURO MULLER 109

ADMIRAL MAURITY, COMMANDER OF THE FLEET . . Ill

DR. FRANCISCO ROSA E SILVA 112

PALMS IN GARDEN OF ITAMARATY PALACE, RIO . . 114 SMALL RECEPTION ROOM, ITAMARATY PALACE . . 115

YELLOW SALON OF ITAMARATY PALACE 116

GARDEN OF ITAMARATY PALACE 1 17

BARON DE RIO-BRANCO, FOREIGN MINISTER ... 118 GREEN AND GOLD SALON, ITAMARATY PALACE . . 119

ITAMARATY PALACE, THE FOREIGN OFFICE .... 120

CORRIDOR LEADING TO LIBRARY, ITAMARATY PALACE 121 DR. LYRA, MINISTER OF JUSTICE AND INTERIOR • . 1 21

FACADE OF THE LIBRARY, ITAMARATY PALACE . - 122

DR. CAMPISTA, FINANCE MINISTER 123

DR. ALMEIDA, MINISTER OF COMMERCE 123

INTERIOR OF THE LIBRARY, ITAMARATY PALACE . - 124

MARSHAL FONSECA, MINISTER OF WAR 125

ADMIRAL ALENCAR, MINISTER OF MARINE 125

THE ROSE SALON, ITAMARATY PALACE 126

THE AVENIDA BEIRA-MAR, RIO 128

DR. FRANCISCO PEREIRA PASSOS 129

MONROE PALACE, RIO 130

ARRIVAL IN RIO OF SECRETARY ROOT - 131

IO

PAGE

BARON DE RIO-BRANCO, OPENING THE THIRD PAN-

AMERICAN CONGRESS AT RIO, JUNE 27, 1906 • 132

AVENIDA BEIRA-MAR FROM THE PRAIA DA LAPA . 133

THE NEW AVENIDA CENTRAL, RIO DE JANEIRO • ■ 1 34

AVENIDA CENTRAL, LOOKING TOWARD BEIRA-MAR 1 35

OBELISK OF THE AVENIDA CENTRAL 136

CORCOVADO, SEEN FROM AVENIDA BEIRA-MAR . • 137

RUA URUGUAYANA, RIO DE JANEIRO 138

PRAIA DA GLORIA, SHOWING RIO-BRANCO STATUE . 139

MUNICIPAL THEATRE, RIO 140

GENERAL AGUIAR, PREFECT OF RIO 141

AVENIDA OF PALMS ON THE CANAL DO MANGUE . 142

DR. OSWALDO CRUZ 143

CANAL DO MANGUE 145

POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL 147

PRACA DA GLORIA 148

CORCOVADO, FROM SYLVESTRE 150

DR. RODRIGUES, DIRECTOR OF BOTANICAL GARDEN 1 51

THE SUMMIT OF CORCOVADO 153

SCENE EN ROUTE TO CORCOVADO 154

GRAND CASCADE OF TIJUCA 155

A PATHWAY IN SYLVESTRE 156

TIJUCA FOREST 157

HOTEL INTERNACIONAL AT SANTA THERESA .... 158

VISTA AT SYLVESTRE 159

STREET LEADING TO THE BOTANICAL GARDEN ... 160

SCENE IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN 161

THE BAMBOOS, BOTANICAL GARDEN 162

“PEACE AND CONCORD.” ALLEGORICAL PAINTING

BY PEDRO AMERICO 164

STATUE OF JOSE BONIFACIO DE ANDRADA .... 165

THE BRAZILIAN ACADEMY OF LETTERS 167

GONCALVES DIAZ 168

THE OLD NATIONAL LIBRARY 169

THE NEW NATIONAL LIBRARY 170

BERNARDELLI MODELLING BUST OF DR. PASSOS • ■ 171

PEDRO AMERICO 172

“HONOR AND COUNTRY.” BY PEDRO AMERICO . . 172

PEDRO WEINGARTNER 173

“THE COUNTRY BALL.” BY PEDRO WEINGARTNER 174

THE BERNARDELLI BROTHERS 175

“MANIOC.” BY MODESTO BROCOS 175

“DURING THE REST.” BY FERRAZ D’ALMEIDA . ■ 176

CARLOS GOMES 176

DR. MACHADO DE ASSIS 177

OFFICE OF “JORNAL DO COMMERCIO,” RIO ... . 178 DR. JOSE CARLOS RODRIGUES, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF

THE “JORNAL DO COMMERCIO” 180

DR. OLAVO BILAC 181

OFFICE OF THE NEWSPAPER “O PAIZ,” RIO .... 182

DR. RODRIGO OCTAVIO 183

STATUE OF JOSE DE ALENCAR 184

PETROPOLIS 186

DP. BACKER, PRESIDENT OF THE STATE OF RIO . . 187

ROUTE TO PETROPOLIS 188

SUMMER PALACE OF DOM PEDRO II., PETROPOLIS . 189

THE AMERICAN EMBASSY, PETROPOLIS 190

A MOUNTAIN DRIVEWAY IN PETROPOLIS 191

THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PETROPOLIS 192

RIVER SCENE IN PETROPOLIS 193

GERMAN LEGATION, PETROPOLIS 194

PRAIA DE ICARAHY, NICTHEROY 195

ANCHIETA COLLEGE, NOVA FRIBURGO 196

PAGE

LYCEUM AND NORMAL SCHOOL, CAMPOS 197

WATERFALL AT THEREZOPOLIS 198

THREE-RAIL TRACK ON LEOPOLDINA RAILROAD . . 198

SACCO DE SAO FRANCISCO, SUBURB OF NICTHEROY 199 DR. FERREIRA, SECRETARY OF GOVERNMENT, STATE

OF RIO 200

A MILITARY REVIEW, SAO PAULO 202

DR. TIBIRICA, PRESIDENT OF SAO PAULO 203

PALACE OF AGRICULTURE AND STATE TREASURY ■ 205 DR. BOTELHO, SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE ... 206

RUA D1RE1TA, SAO PAULO 207

DR. ALBUQUERQUE LINS, SECRETARY OF FINANCE . 208 DR. WASHINGTON LUIZ, SECRETARY OF JUSTICE . . 209

AVENIDA TIRADENTES, SAO PAULO 210

MUNICIPAL THEATRE, SAO PAULO 21 1

PALACETE ELIAS CHAVES, SAO PAULO 211

AVENIDA PAULISTA, SAO PAULO 212

RUA SAO BENTO, SAO PAULO 213

MODERN OFFICE BUILDING, SAO PAULO 214

SCENE IN THE JARDIM DA LUZ, SAO PAULO . ... 215

THE VACCINE INSTITUTE, SAO PAULO 215

GATEWAY TO THE QUARTEL 216

RESIDENCE OF COUNT ALVARES PENTEADO .... 217

SANTA CECILIA, A SUBURB OF SAO PAULO 218

PARK OF THE EPISCOPAL SEMINARY 220

DR. GODOY, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR ... 221

EPISCOPAL SEMINARY 223

NORMAL SCHOOL 224

KINDERGARTEN, SAO PAULO 225

PRUDENTE MORAES SCHOOL 226

POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL, SAO PAULO 227

MODEL SCHOOL OF BRAZ 227

COLLEGE OF LAW, SAO PAULO 228

MORAES BARROS SCHOOL 229

MACKENZIE COLLEGE 229

MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL, SAO PAULO 230

CORRIDOR OF MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 231

INSANE ASYLUM AT JUQUERY 231

MILITARY HOSPITAL, SAO PAULO 232

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, AT PIRAC1CABA ... 234

PIRACICABA CASCADE, SAO PAULO 235

CLASS AT WORK, SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE ... 237 A PINEAPPLE PLANTATION, STATE OF SAO PAULO 238

MANGO ORCHARD AT RIBEIRAO PRETO 239

GRAPE CULTURE, CAMPINAS 240

RICE GROWING ON A SAO PAULO PLANTATION . 240

WATERFALL NEAR BROTAS 241

POWDERING MANGO TREES 242

CUTTING SUGAR CANE, SAO PAULO 243

WATERMELONS READY FOR SHIPMENT ■ 244

GLIMPSE OF A SAO PAULO FOREST 245

OFFICE OF COLONIZATION 243

HOTEL FOR IMMIGRANTS, SAO PAULO 247

A CHEERFUL GROUP OF IMMIGRANTS 248

COLONIST’S HOUSE, STATE OF SAO PAULO 249

FIRST GLIMPSE OF THEIR ADOPTED LAND . . 250

HARVESTING THE COFFEE CROP 252

A COFFEE TREE AT HARVEST TIME 253

FOREIGN VISITORS PICKING COFFEE 255

A TYPICAL COFFEE FAZENDA 256

FAMILIAR SCENE ON A COFFEE PLANTATION .... 257

DRYING COFFEE 258

A STREET IN CAMPINAS 259

PAGE

WEIGHING COFFEE FOR SHIPMENT AT SANTOS • • 260

LOADING COFFEE AT SANTOS 261

SENHOR DOM FRANCISCO SCHMIDT 263

AN AVENUE OF COFFEE TREES 264

THE SAO PAULO RAILWAY STATION “LUZ” ... 266

VIEW OF THE CITY AND HARBOR OF SANTOS ... 267 VIADUCT BETWEEN SAO PAULO AND SANTOS 269

CABLE ROAD BETWEEN SAO PAULO AND SANTOS • 270

VIEW ON THE SAO PAULO RAILWAY 271

LIGHT AND POWER STATION, PARNAHYBA 272

RAILWAY AT SANTOS, SHOWING THE DOCKS . - .273

MAYRINK, SHOWING RAILWAY WORKMEN’S HOMES . 274

VIEW ON THE SOROCABANA LINE 275

SOROCABANA STATION OF BARRA FUNDA 275

SCENE ON THE RIVER TIETE 276

THE GOVERNMENT PALACE AT BELLO HORIZONTE - 278 DR. JO AO PINHEIRO DA SILVA, PRESIDENT OF MINAS 279 DEPARTMENT OE INTERIOR, STATE OF MINAS GERAES 281

STREET SCENE IN BELLO HORIZONTE 282

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BELLO HORIZONTE 283

COLLEGE OF LAW 284

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE 285

BIRTHPLACE OF PRESIDENT AFFONSO PENNA ... 286 CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, BELLO HORIZONTE .... 287

WATERFALL IN PARK, BELLO HORIZONTE 288

OURO PRETO, FORMER CAPITAL OF MINAS GERAES 289

JUIZ DE FORA, MINAS GERAES 290

NATIONAL CERAMIC FACTORY, MINAS GERAES ... 291

THE PARK OF CAXAMBU 292

MINERAL SPRING “ISABEL PRINCEZA” 293

MINERAL SPRING “ DUQUE DE SAXE” 293

THE POST OFFICE, BELLO HORIZONTE 294

QUARRY AT MORRO VELHO 296

A DIAMOND MINER’S HUT 297

DIAMANTINA, MINAS GERAES 298

CHARITY HOSPITAL OF DIAMANTINA 299

A STREET SCENE IN DIAMANTINA 300

CONDUIT FOR DIAMOND MINING PURPOSES .... 301

WASHING DIAMONDS 302

SCENE NEAR MORRO VELHO 303

CASCADE IN THE VICINITY OF BELLO HORIZONTE . 304

ARASSUAHY MINING DISTRICT 305

MINAS NOVAS MINING DISTRICT, MINAS GERAES . . 306

MINAS NOVAS, MINAS GERAES 307

COLLEGE OF OUR LADY OF SORROWS, DIAMANTINA 308

THE FALLS OF IGUASSU 310

THE GYMNASIUM, CURYTIBA 31 1

RUA QUINZE DE NOVEMBRO 312

THE GOVERNMENT PALACE 3(3

PROVIDENCE COLLEGE 314

PRACA GENERAL OSORIO 315

THE HOUSE OF CONGRESS 315

A PUBLIC GARDEN 316

THE CATHEDRAL, CURYTIBA 317

VIADUCT ON THE PARANA RAILWAY 318

VIEW ALONG THE PARANA RAILWAY 319

THE POST OFFICE, CURYTIBA 319

THE AMERICAN CHURCH 320

VINEYARD OF DR. MOURA, NEAR CURYTIBA ... 321

STREET SCENE IN PARANAGUA 321

THE MUNICIPAL CHAMBER 322

RUA GENERAL CARNEIRO 323

RAILROAD BRIDGE OF CASTRO 323

PAGE

PONTA GROSSA, PARANA 324

WATERFALL NEAR CURYTIBA, PARANA 326

RIVER BOAT LOADED WITH YERBA MATE 327

INDIANS CARRYING YERBA MATE TO THE MILL . . 328

YERBA MATE TREES 329

CATARACT “ VISCONDE DE RIO-BRANCO,” PARANA . 330 MAMMOTH ROCKS AT VILLA VELHA, PARANA ... 331 TRANSPORTING YERBA MATE FOR SHIPMENT ■ . 332

MATE BLOSSOMS 332

CUYAS, MATE DRINKING VESSELS 333

PLANT THAT SUPPLIES HIS FAVORITE BEVERAGE . . 333

BRIDGE OVER THE IGUASSU RIVER 333

RAILWAY STATION AT PONTA GROSSA 334

THE PINES OF PARANA 334

FLORIANOPOLIS, CAPITAL OF SANTA CATHARINA . . 336 STAIRWAY, GOVERNMENT PALACE, FLORIANOPOLIS 337

GOVERNMENT PALACE, FLORIANOPOLIS 338

PRINCIPAL PARK OF FLORIANOPOLIS 339

A STREET OF THE CAPITAL 340

THE MARKET PLACE 341

BOCAYUVA AVENUE 341

THE MUNICIPAL CHAMBER 342

THE CATHEDRAL 343

FLORIANOPOLIS FROM THE BAY 343

THE STATE TREASURY 344

THE CUSTOM HOUSE 345

LAKE AT BLUMENAU, SANTA CATHARINA 345

PICTURESQUE CASCADE IN SANTA CATHARINA • • • 346

DR. BLUMENAU STREET, BLUMENAU 346

PRACA GENERAL DEODORO, PORTO ALEGRE .... 348

CHURCH IN PORTO ALEGRE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL . 349 GENERAL VIEW OF PORTO ALEGRE, THE CAPITAL . 350 INTERIOR OF GOVERNMENT PALACE, PORTO ALEGRE 350

DOCKS AT PORTO ALEGRE 351

MUNICIPAL THEATRE, PORTO ALEGRE 351

A STREET SCENE IN THE CAPITAL 352

THE MUNICIPAL CHAMBER 353

PORTUGUESE HOSPITAL AND CHURCH 354

LYCEUM AND PUBLIC LIBRARY 355

RUA MARECHAL PEIXOTO 355

THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 356

A CENTRAL THOROUGHFARE, PELOTAS 357

ENTRANCE TO THE PARK, PELOTAS 357

QUARTEL, CITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL 358

THE LANDING PLACE 359

A VIEW OF THE PUBLIC GARDEN 359

MISERICORDIA HOSPITAL 360

TAMANDARE PARK 361

LIGHTHOUSE OF ITAPOAN, NEAR PORTO ALEGRE ■ . 362

TABATINGA, MILITARY POST 364

OBSERVATION ENGINE 365

HALL OF ROYAL MAIL STEAMER “ARAGUAYA” - - 367

ROYAL MAIL STEAMER “ARAGUAYA” 369

RIO STATION, CENTRAL RAILWAY OF BRAZIL ... 371

BOA VISTA BRIDGE 372

OFFICES OF LLOYD BRAZILEIRO STEAMSHIP CO., RIO 373 SALON OF ROYAL MAIL STEAMER “ARAGUAYA” . . 375

TRANSPORTATION ON THE RIO NEGRO 376

THE JANGADA, PRIMITIVE TRANSPORTATION .... 376

AMAZONAS THEATRE, MANAOS 378

STATUE OF TENREIRO ARANHA 379

COLONEL NERY, GOVERNOR OF AMAZONAS .... 380 PALACE OF JUSTICE, MANAOS 381

VESTIBULE OF THE PALACE OF JUSTICE, MANAOS . 382

PALACE OF THE GOVERNOR 383

PENITENTIARY 384

RUA MUNICIPAL 385

THE CATHEDRAL 386

THE GYMNASIUM - - . - 387

AVENIDA EDUARDO RIBEIRO 388

SYLVERIO NERY SCHOOL 389

AMAZON NAVIGATION MONUMENT 390

PUBLIC ARCHIVES AND LIBRARY 391

MONUMENT OF BARON SANTA ANNA NERY .... 392

BENJAMIN CONSTANT INSTITUTE 393

LANDING FLOAT, MANAOS HARBOR 394

MILITARY QUARTEL, MANAOS 395

DR. MANOEL F. SA ANTUNES, SECRETARY OF STATE,

PATIO OF THE AFFONSO PENNA INSTITUTE, MANAOS 396

HUT OF A SERINGUEIRO, ACRE 397

MANAOS, FROM CONSTANTINOPOL1S 399

STEAM LAUNCHES IN THE ALTO PURUS, ACRE ... 400 RUBBER GATHERERS IN THE AMAZON COUNTRY . . 401 CUTTING AND CLASSIFYING RUBBER, MANAOS ... 403

THE SAO VICENTE 405

TRANSPORTING RUBBER FROM THE ACRE 406

PRACA VISCONDE DE RIO-BRANCO, PARA 408

DR. AUGUSTO MONTENEGRO, GOVERNOR OF PARA . 409

BOULEVARD DA REPUBLICA, PARA 410

PROCESSION, FEAST OF NAZARETH 41 1

GOVERNMENT PALACE, PARA 412

THEATRE DA PAZ 413

LAURO SODRE INSTITUTE 414

B1TTENCOURT INSTITUTE 415

DR. ANTONIO LEMOS, INTENDENTE OF PARA .... 416

THE BOSQUE, PARA 417

OFFICE OF THE NEWSPAPER “A PROVINCIA” ... 418

SMALL SALA IN THE MUNICIPAL BUILDING 419

ESTRADA DE SAO JERONYMO, PARA 420

RESIDENCE OF GOVERNOR MONTENEGRO 421

CUSTOM HOUSE, PARA 422

STATUE OF GONCALVES DIAZ 423

AVENIDA MARANHENSE 424

PRACA JOAO LISBOA 425

RUA DO SOL 426

COTTON MILLS, MARANHAO 427

AVENIDA SILVA MAYO 428

PICTURESQUE COUNTRY ROAD 429

CHURCH IN CUYABA, CAPITAL OF MATTO GROSSO • 431

OX TEAM, PIAUHY 434

LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER, FORTALEZA, CEARA .... 435 RAILROAD DEPOT, CEARA 437

PAGE

RAILROAD BRIDGE OF ACARAHU, CEARA 438

RUA COMMERCIO, NATAL 439

RUA SENADOR JOSE BONIFACIO, NATAL 440

CONVENT OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, VILLA

DE ESTREMOZ 441

QUARTEL, NATAL 442

INTERIOR OF CARMO CHURCH, PARAHYBA 443

PALACE OF THE GOVERNOR, ARACAJU 444

CATHEDRAL, ARACAJU 445

COTTON MILLS, SERGIPE 446

DR. SIGISMUNDO ANTONIO GONCALVES, GOVERNOR

OF PERNAMBUCO 447

PUBLIC SQUARE, SETE DE SETEMBRO 449

AN IMPORTANT BUSINESS STREET IN PERNAMBUCO 450

RAMOS QUAY 451

SANTA ISABEL BRIDGE, PERNAMBUCO 452

HALL OF CONGRESS, PERNAMBUCO 454

RUA COMMERCIO, MACEIO 455

PALACE OF THE GOVERNOR, MACEIO 456

GENERAL VIEW OF MACEIO 457

BUSINESS STREET, MACEIO 458

BAHIA. VIEW FROM THE UPPER CITY 460

MONUMENT DOIS DE JULHO 461

STREET SCENE IN THE UPPER CITY, BAHIA .... 463

GENERAL VIEW OF BAHIA 465

FACULTY OF MEDICINE, BAHIA 467

SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS, BAHIA 470

COLONEL HENRIQUE DA SILVA COUTINHO, PRESI- DENT OF ESPIRITO SANTO 471

VICTORIA, CAPITAL OF THE STATE OF ESPIRITO SANTO 472

PICTURESQUE APPROACH OF VICTORIA 473

A LAKE SCENE NEAR VICTORIA 474

PALHA, A SUBURB OF VICTORIA 476

INTERIOR OF THE FRANCISCAN CHURCH, BAHIA.

WOOD-CARVING OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 478

SHRINE OF BOMFIM, BAHIA 479

HIS EMINENCE JOAQUIM ARCOVERDE, THE FIRST

CARDINAL IN SOUTH AMERICA 481

CHAPEL OF NOSSA SENHORA DA GRACA, BAHIA,

BUILT BY PARAGUASSU 482

CHURCH OF THE CANDELARIA, RIO DE JANEIRO . ■ 483 CHURCH OF NOSSA SENHORA DE NAZARETH, PARA • 485 RUINS OF CARMELITE CONVENT IN OLINDA, PER- NAMBUCO 486

A POND OF VICTORIA REGIA LILIES 487

AFTER THE HUNT 489

A CONTENTED SON OF THE FOREST 491

A GOOD DAY’S SPORT, TAPIR HUNTING IN. THE RIO

DOCE COUNTRY 492

THE AMAZON 494

Introduction

EN the New World was yet in the dawn of its development, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and European powers controlled the destinies of a great part of the western hemisphere, Portugal was the first to recognize the claims of colonial subjects to an independent share of the world’s trade. In the year 1808, the ports of Brazil were opened to commerce with all nations and Brazilian products were carried to every part of the globe. This was the initial step in the extensive cultivation of foreign relations which to-day places Brazil among the leading countries; and it is fitting that the Brazilian people should honor the memory of the Portuguese monarch, King Dom Joao VI., by celebrating the centennial of the important event brought about by his royal command. The close bond of sympathy and good will which exists to-day between the mother country and her emancipated offspring affords the world an example of unity such as is possible only between nations of common origin when the sentiment of rejoicing turns their thoughts with equal pride to the memory of the same gracious sovereign.

The development of an essentially modern spirit of progress and enterprise, which has placed the people of Brazil in the front rank among the leading powers of the New World, and which so dominates the national life at the present moment that every part of the vast republic is responding to its stimulating influence, shows an awakening to new conditions and a realization of larger responsibilities such as necessarily distinguish a great nation thoroughly aroused to the importance of its high destiny. It is this spirit which has created the new Brazil.

In earlier periods, the same national character was expressed through a gentle but unyielding independence and patriotism that proved itself, upon more than one occasion, capable of achieving, with the arms of peace alone, those priceless victories of liberty which patriots of other lands have been able to win only at the cost of terrible bloodshed. And it was due not less to the liberal spirit of the country’s rulers than to the character i4

INTRODUCTION of the people themselves that the Portuguese kingdom of Brazil became successively an empire and a republic without the horrors of war, and that her institutions were, from the beginning, established on a broad and liberal basis.

By the celebration of her four hundredth anniversary, in 1900, Brazil not only signalized her wonderful growth and development from apparent insignificance to a position of great importance among the nations, but also marked the successful inauguration of new conditions, which during the past eight years have been strengthened and given the stability of a permanent force in moulding the national life to accord with the watchword of the people: Order and Progress. All eyes are now turning toward South America, as they turned toward her northern neighbor at the beginning of the century recently closed; and there is every reason to believe that the phenomenal growth and progress which marked the history of the United States of America during the nineteenth century will be duplicated during the present one by her young republican sister and friend — The New Brazil.

Philadelphia, November 25, 1907.