A narrative of a visit to the Australian colonies

Contents

Page.

Introduction xv

Chapter I

Voyage to Van Diemcns Land. — Embarkation. — Emigrant Pensioners. — Disorderly Conduct.— Intemperance.— The Ocean. — Bottled AVater.— Petrels. — Coast of Spain.— Birds.— Storm. — Danger.— Equator.— Sunset.— Trinidad and Martin Vaz. — Funeral. — "Whales. — Fishes. — Albatross. — African Coast. — Cape Town. — Schools. — Slavery. — Public Institutions. — Religious Meeting. — Departure.— L'Agullas Bank.— Southern Ocean. — Birds.— Religious Labours. — Coast of Van Diemcns Land. — Colour of the Sea.— Piratical Vessel.— Sharks. — Bad Bay. — Arrival at Hobart Town 1

CHAPTER II, Hobart Town. — Colonel Arthur. — Intense Sleep. — J. Leach. — Unexpected Meeting.— Home. — Meetings for Worship. — The Liberty. — Convict Ship. — Prisoners.— Settlement of the Colony. — Female Factory. — Trees. — Animals. — Chain-gang. — "Woody Hills. — Government Garden. — Bees. — Assigned Prisoners.— New Norfolk. — Bush Road. — The Clyde. — Green Valley. — Bothwell. — Hamilton. — Fences. — Remarkable Rock. — Porter and Thieving. — Emigrants.— Style of Living. — Animals. — Hostile Aborigines. — Hospitality. — Bush-rangers. — She Oak. — Plains. — Remarkable Impression. — Sawyers' Huts. —Inn 1*

Chapter III

Hobart Town. — Pious Persons. — Penitentiary. — Temperance Society. — Kings Pits. — Shrubs. — Fern Valley. — School Meeting. — Voyage to Macquarie Harbour.— Prison Ship. — Piracy of the Cypress. -Prisoners. — Loss of the Science. — Fish. — Penguin. — Storm. — Port Davey. — Cockatoos. — Land Lobster. — Excursions.— Sharks. — Swearing. — Storm. — Sea Fowl. — Entrance of Macquarie Harbour 32

Chapter IV

Macquarie Harbour. — Mountains. — Trees. — Rivers. — Sarahs Island. — Timber. — State of Prisoners. — Mortality. — Murders. — Privations. — Escapes. — Cannibalism.— Example. — Punishment. — Reformation. — Pious Prisoner. — Depravity. — Employment. — Provisions. — Pine-roads. — Phillips Island. — Ferns. — Health. — Climate. — Spirits. — Bermuda Prisoners. — Wellington Head. — Jail Meetings.

IV CONTENTS.

— Prisoner Steward. — Spaniel and Blackfish. — Aborigines. — Kelp. — Lichen. — Birds 47

Chapter V

Report to the Lieutenant Governor. — Thanksgiving. — Death of a Pensioner. — War. — Clarence Plains. — Hospitality. — Government Schools. — Chain-gang.. — Scorpion. — Centipedes. — Muddy Plains. — Settlers. — South Arm. — Liberty. — Kangaroo. — Box and Cow Fishes. — Illicit Spirit Dealer. — Princess Royal Stranded. — Snow Storm. — Richmond. — Trees. — Imported Fruit-trees. — New Houses. — Bush-rangers. — Security. — Meeting. — Coal River. — Settlers. — Oven Hills. — Orielton. — -"Wages paid at Public Houses. — Sorell Town. — Windmill. — Rich Land. — Temperance Meeting. — Lower Settlement. — Sober Anglo- Tasmanians. — View. — Spring. — Birds, &c. — Anniversary of Departure from England 60

Chapter VI

Attendance of Meetings. — Religious Communications. — Embarkation for Flinders Island. — Cape Roaul. — Port Arthur. — -Perilous Situation. — Cape Pillar. — Birds. — Maria Island. — Spring Bay. — Prisoner Seaman. — Octopodia. — Freycinets Peninsula. — Trees, &c. — Black Swans. — Schouten Passage. — Mutton Birds. — Swan Island. — Banks's Strait. — Superstition of Sailors. — Wreck. — Preservation Island. — Sealers and Native Women. — Black Snakes. — Green Island 70

Chapter VII

Discovery of Van Diemens Land. — Its Position and Character. — Aborigines. — Erroneous Ideas of. — Attack upon. — Provocations. — Hostilities of. — Attempt to Capture. — G. A. Robinson's Mission. — Settlement in Bass's Straits. — Flinders Island. — Productions. — Manners of the Natives. — Dances. — Civilization. — Sealer and Child. — Breakwinds. — Song. — Clothing. — Capacity. — Ornaments. — Sickness. — Birds, &c. — Excursion. — Cookery. — -Dogs. — Mangroves. — Kangaroo Rat. — Bandicoot. — Rain. — Commandant's Hut. — " Boatswain," a Native Woman. — Sealers. — Tasmanian Porcupine. — Wallowing in Ashes. — Gratitude.— Weapons. — Green Island. — Mutton Birds. — Music. — Tide-ripple. — Arrival at George Town 78

Chapter VIII

George Town. — The Tamar River. — Launceston. — Meeting. — Aborigines. — Plants. — Leeches. — Kangaroos. — Middle Arm. — Tide Ripple. — North Coast. — Blacks charged with Murder. — Mode of Transferring Fire. — Black Women Rescued. — Circular Head.— Van Diemens Land Company's Establishment. — ■ Islands. — Woolnorth. — Rocks. — Cape Grim. — Bird Islands. — Kelp. — Mutton Fish. — Native Doctor. — Seeking a Needle. — Decoration. — Remembrance of Absent Friends. — Habitations. — Tribes. — Burning the Dead 95

Chapter IX

Circular Head. — Anchorage. — Highneld Plain. — Work People. — Indentured Servants.— Flagellation. — Eagles. — Sponges. — Shells — Crabs. — Weather. — Ants. — Journey. — Rivers. — Grass-trees. — Blandfordia. — Banksia serratifolia. — Human Bones. — Scrub and Fern. — Fossil Shells. — Table Cape. — Trees, &c. — Emu Bay. — Magnificent Forest. — Gigantic Trees. — Tree Ferns. — Plains. — Aborigines.— Road. — Arrival at the Hampshire Hills 107

CONTENTS. V

Chapter X

Hampshire Hills Plants Burning the Grass, &c. — Surrey Hills St. Marys

Plain. — Shrubs Excursion to Emu Bay. — Rocks Gigantic Trees Man

Lost Dense Forest. — Aborigines St. Valentines Peak. — Animals. — Hostile Natives. — Edible Fungi. — Native Potato. — Measurement of Trees. — Exploratory Ramble.— Skill of Aborigines.— Myrtle Forest.— Animals. — Compass.— Attack upon the Aborigines. — Leeches.— Dense Forest.— Cataract. — Free Servants. — Reckless Drunkenness. — Quantity of Rain. — Snow. — Burleigh.—Black Bluff.— Yale of Belvoir.— Epping Forest. — Snakes.— " Great Western Road." — Forth and Mersey Rivers.— Circular Pond Marshes.— Burning Forest. — Caverns. — Dairy Plains. — "Westbury. — Depravity. — Arrival at Launccston 1 1"

Chapter XI

Launccston. — Foolish Washerwoman. — Lizard and Grasshopper.— Religious Meetings.— Perth.— Norfolk Plains.— Wheat Crops —Rioter. — Lake and Macquarie Rivers. — Summer Snow. — Hummocky Hills. — Profanity. — Campbell Town and Ross.— Salt Pan Plains. — Oatlands. — Jericho.— The Jordan. — Cross Marsh. — Green Ponds. — Constitution Hill. — Bagdad. — Blistered Feet. —Rate of Walking.— Hobart Town 131

Chapter XII

Hobart Town. — Lieutenant Governor. — Penal Discipline. — Reformed Prisoners. —Intemperance and Indiscretion. — Sheriff's Writs. — Timber-fellers. — Meeting Room Engaged. — Meeting. — Journey. — Anxiety for Liberty. — Infidel Prisoners.— Brushy Plains. — Prisoner's View of Transportation. — Prossers River. — Spring Bay. — Kangaroo Grass. — Swan Port. — Cultivated Land. — Oyster Bay Pine. — Road. — Kelvedon. — Waterloo Point — Gunnia australis. — Ministry of F. C. — Character of the Land. — Shrubs. — Black Swans. — Boomer Kangaroo. — St. Patricks Head. — Dwelling. — Timber. — Whales. — Mountains. — Tea. — Break o'day Plains. — " Dead Mens Graves." — Buffalo Plains.— Kindness of Aborigines. — Launccston. — Flinders Blacks. — Road Party. — Flagellation. — Weather. — Diseases. — Death of a Prisoner. — Intemperance. — Music. — Spring. — Ben Lomond. — Gums. — Fossil Tree. — Salt Springs. — Eagles. — Trees. . 137

Chapter XIII

Meeting for Discipline Established. — Meetings for Worship. — Temperance Lecture.— Flagellation. — Causes of Crime. — Judicial Oaths. — Peculiarities of Friends. — Chain Gang. — Unsteady Emigrant. — Ascent of Mount Wellington. — Notice of a Pious Prisoner 154

Chapter XIV

Second Visit to Flinders Island. — West Coast Aborigines. — Dislike to Fat. — Emigrants. — Bruny Island. — Port Arthur. —Guard of Dogs, &c. — Discipline. — Diving of Native Women. — Shamrock Stranded. — Flinders Island —Planting Potatoes. — Difference. — Civilization. — Grass-tree Plains. — Prime Seal Island. — Spears. — Climbing Trees. — Comparative Skill. — Mustering. — Cleanliness. — Catechist. — Light-house. — Bush-rangers. — Launccston 165

Chapter XV

Launccston. — Meetings. — Pious Prisoner. — Improvements. — | Aborigines' Merchandise.— Meeting at George Town. — Rambles. — York Town. — Trout. —

VI CONTENTS.

Voyage. — Flinders Island. — Kangaroo Apple. — Greeting. — Distribution of Clothing. — Native Chief. — Fire. — Notions of Supernatural Influence, and a Future Existence. — Departure from Flinders Island. — Intemperance. — Cutter driven upon the Rocks. — Recklessness. — Dangerous Situation.— Arrival at Kelvedon 176

Chapter XVI

Kelvedon. — Meetings. — Soldier Injured. — Papal Penance. — Animals Poisoned. — Instinct.— Use of Spirits in Whaling, &c— Toad-fish. — The Saddle.— Eastern Marshes. — Dead Trees. — Farm. — Settler and his Flock. — Sheep Lands. — Opossums. — Meetings at Oatlands and Jericho. — Sheep and "Wool. — Native Cat. — Dairy Farm — Vale of the Jordan. — Platypus. — Black Brush. — The Carlton. — Visiters — Inns Temperance Reformation. — Richmond. — Jerusalem.— Drought. — Parrots. — Green Ponds. — Settlers. — Invalid Road Party. — Mill. — New Norfolk. — Meetings. — Forlorn Prisoner. — Pious Settler. — Prisoners at Bridgewater. — Return to Hobart Town. — Indisposition 185

Chapter XVII

Hobart Town. — Meeting Places. — Discontinuance of Reading Meetings. — "Week-day Meetings. — Ministers. — Meetings to which the Public were Invited. — Prayer. — Principles of Friends. — Base-line. — Perjury. — Prisoner Boy. — Grass-tree Hill. — Esculent Vegetables. — Silent Meetings. — Flagellation. — Monthly Meetings. — Reflections. — Report on Chain Gangs and Road Parties. — Traffic of the Blacks. — " Guide to True Peace." — Colonial Hospital. — J. Johnson. — Orphan School. — Penitentiary 195

Chapter XVIII

Browns River. — Potatoes. —Cordage-trees. — Hobart Town Jail. — Meetings. — Baptism. — Condemned Criminals. — Ministry. — Comparison of the Stock-keepers with the Sons of Jacob. — Musk Rat. — Convincement by Reading " Barclay's Apology." — Ministry. — Kangaroo Hunter. — Naming of Places in Van Diemens Land. — Penguins. — Albatross. — Morepork. — Delay. — Ministry of G. W. W. — Penitent Prisoner. — Trying Occurrences. — Seven-mile Beach. — Holothuridse. — Drunken Prisoners, &c. — Awkward Travelling. — Arrival at Kelvedon. — Fruit Trees. — Black Swans. — Arrival of D. and C. Wheeler. — Coralines, &c. — Cranes. — Track Lost. — Return to Hobart Town 205

Chapter XIX

Old Johnson. — Prayer. — Spiritual Poverty. — Yearly Meeting. — Meeting at New Norfolk. — Influenza. — Cold of Mount Wellington. — Mantis. — Sale of Spirits. — Calumny. — Visit to Port Arthur. — Doughboy Island. — Black-backed Gull. — Commandant bewildered in the Forest. — State of the Penal Settlement. — Scurvy. — Educated Prisoners. — School. — Employment. — Convict Boys. — Coal Mine. — Black Snake. — Coal. — Plants. — Return to Hobart Town. — Letter. — Meetings. — Laws of Primogeniture and Entail. — Pensioners. — Rural Dean. — Surgeon of the Alligator 221

Chapter XX

Voyage to Sydney. — Cape Howe. — Diversity of Gifts. — Dangerous Situation. — Port Jackson. — Sydney. — Religious Instruction. — Aborigines. — Rock Oysters. — Brugmansia. — Visit to the Governor. — Projected Visit to Norfolk Island. — Meetings on Ship-board.— S. Marsden. — New Year's Day. -Shrubs. — "Brick-

CONTENTS. VU

fielder." — First Meetings on Shore. — Temperance Meeting. — Works of Creation.— Visit to the Governor, at Parramatta. — Card Playing. — Snake. — Elizabeth Bay. — Fig-tree and Acrosticum grande. — Peaches. — Plants. — School Meeting. — Group of Aborigines. — Parasites. — Meeting in the Court-House. — Luminous Appearances in the Sea. — New Zealand Hostages. — Imposition on Medical Men. — Meeting on Board the Henry Porcher 230

Chapter XXI

Arrangements for Visiting Norfolk Island. — Departure. — Adverse Winds. — Shark and Pilot-fish. — Seamen. — Spiritual Navigation. — Jelly-fish. — "The Elizabeth" Whaler. — Tropic Bird. — Norfolk Island. — Departure of D. and C. "Wheeler. — Orange Vale. — Oak. — Geology. — Features of the Island. — Norfolk Island Pine and Tree-fern. — Fruits. — Description of Prisoners.— Assemblies for Worship.— Jail 24-5

Chapter XXII

Norfolk Island. — Kings Town. — Occupation of Prisoners. — Mitigation of Sentence.— Freycinetia. — New Zealand Flax. — Agriculture. — Pigeons. — Cats. — Fly-catchers. — Parrots. — Dying Prisoner. — Ansons Bay. — Wistaria ? — Ipomoca pendula. — "The Sisters" Pines — Jasminum gracile. — Lagunea Patersonii. — Burial of a Prisoner. — Improvement among the Prisoners. — Provisions. — Sweet Potato. — Profanity. — Perjury. — Madrapores. — Sea Anemonies. — Papal Prayers. — Teaching of the Spirit 255

Chapter XXIII

Norfolk Island. — Disinclination to receive Religious Instruction. — Prisoners' Barracks. — Iron. — Flagellation. — Overseers. — Sentence to Penal Settlements. — Sick Prisoners. — Rocks. — Cape Gooseberry. — Palm. — Wood-quest. N. I. Pines. — Roman Catholic Prisoners. — Cleanliness. — Temperature. — Reckless Prisoner. — Felling-gang. — Plants. — The Cascade. — Flora of N. I. — Sugar Cane. — Rum. — Christian Doctrine 262

Chapter XXIV

Norfolk Island. — Cave. — Remarkable Shrubs. — Mount Pitt. — Group of Islands. — Capture of a Parrot. — Marrattia. — Petty Sessions. — Marine Animals. — Tree-ferns. — Animals. — Visit of Officers to Phillip Island. — Guavas. — True Church. — Return of Officers. — Wild-boar. — Runaway Prisoner. — Religious Interviews. — Luminous Fungus. — Prisoner's History. — Tidings. — Relapses. — Parting Opportunities. — Penitent Prisoners. — Departure. — Prisoners' Letters. — Voyage. — Storm. — Lord Howes Island. — Portuguese Man-of-War. — Arrival at Sydney. — Disorderly Soldiers 2"0

Chapter XXV

Sydney. — Penal Discipline of Norfolk Island Re-modelled. — Epistle to Friends in Hobart Town. — Meetings. — Unclaimed Property of Deceased Persons. — Drought. — Shrubs. — Thoughtless Young Men. — Conceited Woman. — Prayer in Spirit. — Australian School Society. — Unworthy Descendants of Friends. — Blacks Fishing. — Species of Callitris. — Ministry. — Shrubs. — Friends' Books. — D. and C. Wheeler. — J. Leach. — Consumption. — Meeting at Cooks River. —Travelling in New South Wales. — Mounted Police. — Meeting at the North Shore. —Botany Bay. — Dye-woods, &c. — Grass-tree. — Sweet Tea. — Miasma! Fever 286 viii CONTENTS.

Chapter XXVI

Sydney. — Meetings — Australian Settlers. — Weather. — Zamia. — Vegetable Instinct.— Benevolent Society. — Aborigines. — Gospel Labourers. — Temperance Lectures. — Liverpool. — Bible Meeting. — Hospital. — Unsteady Emigrants. — Work of the Spirit — Persevering Prayer. — L. E. Threlkeld.— Invalids from India. — Temperance Committee. — Bible Meeting. — Spring. — Loquat. — Deciduous Trees 293

Chapter XXVII

Journey to Wellington Valley. — Preliminary Arrangements. — Visit to Parramatta. — Factory. — Orphan School. — Lunatic Asylum. — Kissing Point. — Bush Fire. — Drought. — Schools, &c. — Meetings. — Civilization of the Natives. — Forest. — South Creek. — Dislike of the Blacks to go far from Home. — Penrith. — Blue Mountains. — Ironed-gangs. — Huts and Caravans of Prisoners. — Weather-board Hut. — Views. — Cold. — Black Heath. — Mountain Road. — Bullocks. — Eagles. — Mount Victoria Pass. — Vale of Clywd. — Hellvellyn. — River Oak. —Junction Stockade. — Honeysuckle Hill. — Drunken Landlord. — Bathurst. — Drunkenness. — Famine. — The Rocks. — Newton. — Sheep. — Wild Dogs. — Exhaustion.— Molong River. — Birds. — Limestone. — Newry. — Welcome, — Stock-keeper and Blacks. — Sheep-feeding — Cottages. — Arrival at Wellington Valley 300

Chapter XXVIII

Wellington Valley. — Mission Station.- — Worship. — Doctrine. — Mission Stock. — Aborigines. — Morals. — Language. — Aquatic Plants. — Myami. — Honey. — Animals,— Food of the Natives. — Cavern. — Mount Arthur. — Shrubs, &c. — Burial Place. — Public Worship of Friends. — European Influence. — Grass. — Initiation of Blacks as Young Men. — Native Women. — Prisoner Servants. — Molong. — Effects of Drunkenness. — Infanticide. — Feigned Intoxication. — Kangaroo Bay. — Civilization and Missionary Labours. — Milk. — Help in Time of Need. — Pious Fellow Traveller. — Definition of Love. — Bathurst. — Verdure 315

Chapter XXIX

Bathurst. — Climate of N. S. Wales. — Public Worship.— Doctrine of Baptism. — Settlers. — Bank. — Prisons. — Woodlands. — Geology. — O'Connell Plains. — Spiritual Worship. — Fish River. — Dogs and Snakes. — Milk. — Prisoners. — Shrubs. — Blue Mountains. — Black Heath.— Govetts Leap. — Awful Death. — Couch Grass.— Penrith. — Flagellation. — Nepean. — Doctrine. — Vineyard. — Absence of Dew. — Horses destroyed by Thirst. — Nepean River. — Castlereagh. — Windsor. — Richmond. — Information of a Black. — Pitt Town and Wilberforce. —Unfaithful Professor. — Pious Persons. — Temperance Meeting. — Jail. — Religious Meetings.— Currajong. — Country. — Maize and Wheat Crops. — Orange Orchards. — Return to Sydney 331

Chapter XXX

Opening of Friends' Meeting House, at Sydney. — Voyage to Van Diemens Land. — Escape from Danger. — Electric Phenomena. — Arrival at Hobart Town. — State of the Congregation of Friends — Yearly Meeting. — Journey to Kelvedon, Falmouth, Launceston, &c. — Dangerous Riding. — Hunting Cattle. — Gentleness of Bulls. — Accident. — Launceston. — Influence of Strong Drink. — Religious Attainments. — Mounds of Oyster Shells. — Remarkable Tide. — High Rents. — Hospitals. — Irrigation. — Wesleyans. — Progress of Temperance. — Return to Sydney 343

CONTENTS. IX

Chapter XXXI

Sydney. — Religion of Feelings. — Botanic Garden. — Collection of Vines. — Self Examination. — Library of Friends' Books. — Destruction of Spirits — Discord and Tale-bearing. — Temperance Lecture. — Scripture Lessons of the British and Foreign School Society. — Voyage to Moreton Bay. — State of the Prisoners.— Effects of Spirit-drinking. — Afflictions. — Mount "Warning, &c. — Arrival in Moreton Bay. — Tree Oysters. — Arrival at Brisbane Town 350

Chapter XXXII

Moreton Bay. — Brisbane Town. — Gardens. — Tread-mill. — Swearing. — Plants, &c. — Natives. — Prisoners. — Family Worship. — Trees, &c. — Plants, and Animals.— Female Prisoners. — "Wood. — Destruction of Spirits. — Teredo. — Kangaroos, &c. — Birds.— Want of Bibles. — Absconders. — Aborigines 358

Chapter XXXIII

Departure from Brisbane Town. — Plumbago. — Fishes and Birds. — Dugong. — Stradbrokc Island. — Amity Point. — Aborigines. — Penal Regulations. — Moreton Island. — Trees. — Crabs. — Amusements. — Huts. — Native Dogs. — Fish. — Manufacture. — Mangroves, &c. — Animals. — Fight of Natives. — Mistake in the Name of Biscuit. — Departure from Moreton Bay. — Storms. — Arrival at Newcastle. — Native Guides. — Ebenezer. — Aborigines. — Amusement. — Missionary Labours. — Civilization of the Blacks. — Amount of Native Population. — Forest. — Remarkable Spring. — Gregarious Caterpillars. — Wages of Blacks .... 368

CHATTER XXXIV.

Sydney. — Tidings of D. and C. Wheeler. — Aborigines in Towns. — Work of the Spirit. — Grant of a Burial Ground. — Reformed Prisoner. — Wills. — Trial of Blacks. — Bibles in Strange Tongues. — Meetings. — Voyage to Maitland. — Drunkenness. — Season. — Ironed Gangs.— Fossils. — Country. — Plants. — Arthurs Vale. — Management of Prisoners. — St. Aubins. — " Prisoners of Australia.''— Plants. — Rain. — Sheep. — Snow. — Mount Wingen. — Objects of Curiosity.— Return to Maitland. — Compass, &c. — Geology. — Cockfighters Bridge. — Prisoners. — Bibles and Card Playing. — Small Congregations. — Friends' Principles. — Self Delusion 385

Chapter XXXV

Maitland. — Cedar Brushes. — Morpeth. — Retired Officer. — Faithful Spaniel.

Raymonds Terrace. — Pottery. — Country. — Plants. — Reformed Prisoner.

Port Stephens. — Carrington. — Territory of the Australian Agricultural Company.— Kurua River. — - Booral. — Stroud. — Stock. — Land Speculations.

Blacks. — Dingadee. — Wallaroba. — Paterson. — Libraries. — Maitland. — Newcastle.— Meetings. — Coal-works. — Voyage to Port Macquarie. — Lake Cottage.

— Penal Establishment — Town.— Rocks. — Prisoners. — Wilson River. Trees

&c. — Rollins Plains. — Natives. — Sugar Canes. — Tacking Point Wood. Acros-

ticum grande. — State of Prisoners. — Return to Sydney 397

Chapter XXXVI

Sydney. — Plants. — Liverpool. — Hospital Patient. — State of Society. — Lansdowne

Bridge. — Jail. — Male Orphan School. — Campbell Town. — Wretched Prison.

Fall of the Limb of a Tree. — Appin. — State of the Population. — Buli Road.—

Illawarra. — Wollongong. — Five Islands. — Illawarra Lake.— Country. Pious

Cottager. — Mountain Road. ---Snake.— Effects of Drunkenness. — Trees.

X CONTENTS.

Cabbage Palm, &c. — Dapto. — Marshall Mount. — Aborigines. — Parrots, &c. — Kiama. — Friends' Meetings. — Colomgatta. — "Wattle Tick. — Plants. — Coluber porphyryaceus. — Transmutation. — Stinging Trees. — Snakes. — Black disposed to Settle. — "Want of Religious Instruction. — Implements of Blacks. — Cambewarra Mountains. — Kangaroo Ground. — Compassion. — Aborigines. — Journey to Bong Bong 415

Chapter XXXVII

Bong Bong. — Berrima. — Trees and Birds. — Marulan. — Ironed-gang. — Towrang. — Goulburn. — Hospital. — Goulburn Plains. — Menara Plains. — Sheep Feeding. — Journey to Lumley. — Effects of Porter. — Aquatic Plants, &c. — Roads. — Travelling.— Penalties. — Arthurslee. — English Plants. — "Wombat Brush. — "White Ants. — Return to Throsby Park and Bong Bong. — Sheep Shearing. — Mittagong. — Bargo Brush. — Drunkenness. — Jarvis Field. — Brownlowe Hill. — Hot "Winds. — Prisoner Shepherd. — Camden. — Seasons. — Hay. — Opossums. — Pursuits of Settlers. — Cobbity. — Influenza. — "Winbourne. — Mulgoa. — Duneved. — Milking Wild Cattle. — The Vineyard. — Parramatta. — Pennant Hills. — Kissing Point. — Lunatic Asylum. — Return to Sydney 437

Chapter Xxxviii

Sydney. — Married Emigrants. — High "Wind. — Sudden Death. — Coach Travelling. — Delusion. — Hot Wind, &c. — Meetings in Sydney. — Destitute New Zealanders. — Visit to the Prisons in Sydney. — Hyde Park Barracks. — -Carters Barracks. — -Tread-mill. — New Jail. — Tunnel from the Botany Bay Swamps. — Phoenix Hulk. — Goat Island. — Address to the Prisoner Population. — Old Jail. — Colonial Hospital. — Prisoner's Letter. — Benevolent Asylum. — Books, &c. — Oaths and Affirmations. — Address to the Free Inhabitants 451

Chapter XXXIX

North Harbour. — Pumice-stone. — Animals, &c. — School and Temperance Societies.— Tidings of D. and C. Wheeler. — Report to the Governor. — Sense of Unprofitableness. — Botany Bay. — La Perouse. — Circumnavigation. — Butterflies.— Fishermen. — Silent Meetings. — Drunkenness. — Convict Servants. — Arrival of D. and C. "Wheeler. — Visit to the Governor. — Refraction. — Factory. — Aborigines. — Elizabeth Macquarie. — Departure from N. S. "Wales. — Voyage to V. D. Land. — Jervis Bay. — Sheds, &c. of Aborigines. — Jelly-fish.— Storm. — Lying to. — Albatross. — Arrival at Hobart Town 461

Chapter XL

Hobart Town. — State of the Meeting of Friends. — Sir John Franklin. — Party Spirit. — Temperance. — Pensioners. — J. Johnson. — "Weight. — Aurora australis. — Schools. — Infants at Meeting. — Journey. — Improvements. — Kelvedon. — Baptism for the Dead. — Drought. — Increase of Opossums, &c. — Affecting Accident.— Gibbet. — Launceston. — Barton. — Successful Emigrant. — Campbell Town and Ross. — Frost. — Observations on Temperature. — Vale of Bagdad. — Prisoners at "Work. — Return to Hobart Town 471

Chapter XLI

Hobart Town. — Recording Ministers. — Conversion of a Unitarian. — Journey. — Climate and Diseases. — Hamilton. — Frost. — Falling-stars. — Stranded "Whale. — -Birth-day. — Convict Discipline. — Captain Maconochie's System. — D. and C. "Wheeler. — Meeting Premises and Burial Ground. — Death of J. Johnson. —

CONTENTS. XI

New Norfolk. — Sudden Death.' — Affirmation Act. — Yearly Meeting. — Aborigines on Flinders Island. — Sir John and Lady Franklin. — Dr. Foreman and Female Prisoners. — Reformed Drunkard. — Departure from V. D. Land . . 4S0

Chapter XLII

Voyage to Port Phillip. — Passengers. — Mutton Birds. — Islands. — Port Phillip. — Mission Station. — Effect of Fear upon a man bitten by a Serpent. — Indifference.— Melbourne. — Business and Wages. — Aborigines. — Influence of Society, — Esculent Roots. — Animals. — Country. — Natives' Baskets. — W. Buckley. — Lyre Bird.— Wild Dog.— Sheep 495

Chapter XLIII

Voyage to South Australia. — Kings Island. — South Coast of Australia. — St. Vincents Gulf. — Holdfast Bay. — South Australia. — Adelaide. — Port Adelaide.— Torrens River. — Country. — Drunkenness. — Fires. — Aborigines. — Unjust Legislation. — Religious Loss. — Cruelty. — Geology, Vegetation, and Entomology. — Heat. — Departure 508

Chapter XLIV

Voyage to King Georges Sound. — Kangaroo Island. — Danger of Landing in Uninhabited Places. — Birds, &c. — King Georges Sound. — Albany. — Vegetation.— Inebriety. — Indolence. — Aborigines. — Country. — Plants Cape Lecu-

win. — Voyage to the Swan River 522

Chapter XLV

Swan River Settlement. — Frcemantle. — Swan and Canning Rivers. — Perth.

Visit to the Governor, &c. — Sentiments respecting the Aborigines. — Plain of Quartania. — Trial of a Black. — Country. — Shells, Fish, &c. — Temperature and Heated Sand. — Books, &c. — The Peninsula. — Guildford. — York District. — Poisoning of Sheep. — Toogee Country. — Ruinous Effects of Rum. — Price

of Laud.- — Revenue and Sources of Income. — Population. — Spirit Law.

Fruits Upper Swan. — Customs of the Aborigines. — Neglect of Civilization.

— Meeting. — Bush Fires.— Zamias. — Native Fair and Customs 529

CHAPTER XLVL

Swan River. — Drunkenness. — Fights of the Aborigines. — Temperance Meeting. — Evils connected with the use of Spirits. — Explorators. — Weapons of the Blacks. — Retribution. — Amount of Black Population, &c. — Jelly-fish. Education.— Visit of the Blacks. — Birds, &c. — Aurora australis. — Intemperance of Seamen. — Revenge and Expiation of Injuries among the Aborigines. — Embarkation.— Peaceful Retrospect 543

Chapter XLVII

Mistake respecting the falling back of the Aborigines. — Contact of the Australians with the Malays. — Belief in Spiritual Influence. — Conscientiousness.— Superstitions. — Koin. — Tippakallcun. — Kurrur-kurran. — Nungngun. — Murramai. — Sentiments respecting Death. — Traces of Ideas of a Future State. — Traditions respecting Creation and the Flood. — Australian Language.— Evidence. — Importance of Inquests. — Change of Feeling toward Aborigines. — Importance of Christian Principle. — Aborigines Protection Society.—Disappointment of Emigrants. — Causes of Unsettlcment. — Needful Considerations respecting Emigration 554

CONTEXTS.

Appendix

Page.

A.— Certificates of J. Backhouse and G. "W. "Walker i

B. — A Concise Apology for the Peculiarities of the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers, in their Language, Costume, and Manners vi

C. — The Question, "Are Judicial Oaths Lawful?" Answered, with some Observations on the Moral Influence of Judicial Oaths xv

D, — Remarks on the Indigenous Vegetable Productions of Tasmania, available as food for man xxxi

E. — Extract from a Report, on the State of the Chain Gangs and Road Parties, in Van Diemens Land xli

F. — Report upon the State of the Prisoners in Van Diemens Land, with Remarks upon the Penal Discipline, and Observations on the General State of the Colony in 1 834 xlvi

G. — Testimonials of Hobart Town Monthly Meeting of Friends, respecting the Religious Labours of G. "W. Walker lxvii

H. — A Letter to Colonel Arthur, respecting Spirituous Liquors lxix

I. — A Letter to the Catechist at Port Arthur lxxii

J. — Prisoners' Letters Ixxvi

K. — An Epistle to Friends in Hobart Town lxxx

L. — An Address to the Prisoner Population of New South "Wales and Van Diemens Land lxxxiii

M. — A Letter addressed to James Backhouse and George "Washington "Walker, by a Convict confined on Goat Island, New South "Wales cii

N.— A Christian Address to the Free Inhabitants of New South Wales and Van Diemens Land cvi

O. — A Report on New South Wales cxxiv

P. — Letters to the Governor of New South "Wales respecting the Aborigines cxxxiv

Q. — An Epistle to persons attending tbe Meetings of Friends in Sydney. . . . cxl

R. — A Letter to Van Diemens Land Yearly Meeting of Friends cxliii

LIST OF PLATES, &c.

Hobart Town, 1834 {Frontispiece.)

Rocks of Martin Vaz page 5

View on the Clyde, V. D. Land 27

A Fern Valley, V. D. Land 35

Entrances to Port Davey 38

Kelvedon. The Residence of Francis Cotton 142

Ben Lomond, V. D. Land 151

A Chain Gang of Convicts going to work 158

Flinders Island Grass Trees 171

Heads of Port Jackson 232

Aborigines of N. S. Wales 240

Jelly-fish. (Fig. 2, a species of Fyrosoma.) 247

Ditto 248

Ditto 249

Norfolk and Phillips Islands 250

Trees of Norfolk Island 265

Mount Warning 356

Hut of a Native, on Stradbroke Island 373

Boatman, a Native of N. S. Wales 380

Acrosticum grande 413

Cabbage Palm of N. S. Wales 426

Spears, &c. of the Natives of N. S. Wales 433

Huts of the Natives of N. S. Wales 469

Jelly-fish 469

Entrance to the Derwent, V. D. Land 487

Jelly-fish 548

Chart of the World, with the track of J. B. and G. W. W At the end.

Map of Tasmania or Van Diemens Land, with Do.* At the end.

Map of New South Wales, with Do At the end.

• In this map, the names of Counties are in open, Roman Capitals ; those of Hundreds and Principal Places, in plain, Roman Capitals ; and those of Parishes in Italic Capitals.

ERRATA.

Page. Line.

_ 60— 3rd from foot, for " their feeling," read this feeling. 98 — 13th from top, for " linestone," read limestone.

112 — 7th from top, for " thes mall," read the small.

113 — 4th from foot, for " Oxtalis," read Oxalis

150 — 13th from foot, for "prisoners," read pensioners.

158— foot of plate, for "Sidney, N. S. Wales," read Hobart Town, V. D. Land.

267 — 8th from foot, for " diforme," read difforme.

286— 10th from foot, for " 19th of 8th mo. 1837," read page 486.

410 — 19th from top, for " calamifolium," read calamiforme.

427 — 6th from top, for do. do.

lvii — 6th from foot, for " as in the case," read as is the case.