Memorials of the cathedral & priory of Christ in Canterbury

Front matter

PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY

BX 5195 .C3 A5 1912 Woodruff, C. Eveleigh 1855 or 6-

Memorials of the cathedral & priory of Christ in

Preface

Although much has been written about Canterbury Cathedral, the interest attaching to the metropolitical church is so great that the appearance of another book scarcely calls for justification.

The plan and scope of the present work will be indicated best by a few introductory words on the chief printed authorities. Apart from picture-books and guide-books, of which there are scores, good, bad, or indifferent, the bibliography of the Cathedral is not really extensive. Somner's Antiquities oj Canterbury, first published in 1640, and re-edited and enlarged by Battely in 1703, is a vast storehouse of materials from which almost all subsequent writers have drawn ; but the book is hard to come by, and does not yield up its stores readily to any but skilled workers. Gostling, whose Walk in and about the City oj Canterbury was written in the second half of the eighteenth century, gives an excellent description of the Cathedral and its contents as they were in his days ; but owing to the advance in the study of architecture, he cannot- now be taken as a trustworthy guide.

Willis, on the other hand, in his Architectural History oj the Cathedral, published in 1845, and in his History oj the Conventual Buildings oj the Priory oj Christ Church, contributed to the Journal of the Kent Archaeological Society in 1868, has said almost the last word on matters structural, and the present writers gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness to his masterly treatises, which, however, are somewhat

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PREFACE too technical for the ordinary reader. Moreover, historical matter, except when it elucidates an architectural problem, is purposely excluded.

The Chronological History oj Canterbury Cathedral^ by George Smith, published in 1883, makes a praiseworthy attempt to combine the historical with the architectural, but is a somewhat dull book, inadequately illustrated and occasionally inaccurate. Stanley, in his Historical Memorials oj Canterbury^ selected a few of the most striking episodes, and described them with much grace and force ; but his book is not a history of the Cathedral.

The aim of the authors of the present book is to give a trustworthy, readable, and compendious account of the Cathedral from the earliest times to the present day. To do this within the compass of a single octavo volume it has been necessary to confine the range of view strictly to the church and its custodians. Thus, since the book does not claim to be a history of the See of Canterbury, little is said about the Archbishops except when they came into contact with the de jacto governing body — prior and convent before, and dean and chapter after, the Reformation. To write a history of the great Benedictine priory of Christ Church would require a separate volume ; but its fortunes and internal economy are sketched in the following pages with some fulness of detail, and this we believe to be a distinctive feature of the present book. Throughout an honest attempt has been made to go to first-hand sources of information, and the recent rearrangement of the Cathedral archives has opened out some which have not hitherto been available. Full advantage has been taken of this opportunity, with the result that the authors have been able to incorporate in their book some fresh matter, and much more which, if not absolutely new, has hitherto been known only to a few.

For the privilege of making use of the Cathedral

vi

PREFACE

records, and for permission to photograph some of the seals and drawings in the library, the authors express their deep sense of gratitude to the Dean and Chapter.

Their thanks are also due to Dr. Fremantle, Dean of Ripon, for the loan of MS. notes made by him some years ago, when a Canon of Canterbury, with a view to publishing a book on the Cathedral ; to Mr. Arthur Hussey for a like courtesy with regard to his notes on the Priors of Christ Church ; to Mr. S. F. Parry, C.B., for leave (on behalf of the executors of his aunt, Miss Williams) to make use of the blocks prepared for that lady's Notes on the Stained Glass oj the Cathedral ; and to the Warden of St. Augustine's College for permission to make extracts from the Reminiscences of the late Prebendary Gilbert, preserved in the College library.

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Chapter I

Christianity in Britain before the Diocletian persecution : Canterbury the Roman Durovernum : A Christian Church there in the second half of the fourth century : Destruction of Durovernum by the Jutes : The Gregorian Mission : King Ethelbert's baptism : The Roman Church " recovered " and dedicated by Augustine : Ground plan : Cuthbert's baptistery : The Cathedral enlarged by Odo : Origin of the Confessio : The Church sacked by the Danes : Murder of Archbishop Alphege and -massacre of the monks : The Church burnt 1067 : Representation of the pre-Norman Cathedral on the earliest seal of the Priory : The clerical staff of the Cathedral in Saxon times : Saxon archbishops buried in their Cathedral Church :

Eadmer's description of the Roman Saxon Church : Pre-Norman deans

Chapter II

The monastic buildings and Cathedral Church rebuilt : Christ Church, Canterbury, compared with St. Stephen's at Caen : Ground plan : The Angel steeple : John of Salisbury's verses on : The Western towers : Dedication : The Accord of Winchester : Lanfranc's reforms : The Archiepiscopal Palace rebuilt : Death of Archbishop Lanfranc : His benefactions to the Cathedral pp. 23-35

Chapter III Anselm's Choir

Anselm's election and consecration : The Pallium : The choir lengthened : Funds raised : Prior Ernulf : Description of Ernulf's work : Death of Anselm : His shrine : The choir finished by Prior Conrad :

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Dedicated by Archbishop William : Gervase's description of the choir : King Stephen crowned in Canterbury Cathedral by Archbishop Theobald : Financial depression of the Priory : Theobald's economic reforms : Carvings added to the capitals of the pillars in the crypt : Mural paintings : The Treasury built : Prior Wibert's additions to the monastic buildings : His hydraulic system for supplying the Priory with water : Canterbury a studium generate pp. 36-56

Chapter IV

Early training : Character and appearance : Election to the primacy : Quarrel with King : The murder : Gervase's description of the martyrdom transept : The King's penance : The translation of the Saint's relics : The shrine : Pilgrims : Miracles : Secret of his influence pp. 57-88

Chapter V

THE REBUILDING OF THE CHOIR AFTER THE GREAT FIRE, BY GUILLAUME DE SENS, AND WILLIAM THE ENGLISHMAN

Gervase's account of the fire : Guillaume de Sens begins the reconstruction of the choir : Progress made during the first three years : Accident to the architect : retirement of Guillaume, and appointment of William the Englishman : The Retro-Choir : Chapel of St. Thomas : Monks enter the new choir, 11 80 : The work of the two Williams compared : The corona : Ground plans of the old and new choir pp. 89-102

Chapter VI

GROWTH OF THE POWER OF THE MONKS OF CHRIST CHURCH AND THEIR STRUGGLE WITH ARCHBISHOPS BALDWIN AND HUBERT WALTER

Claims put forward by the Prior and Chapter of Christ Church : Resistance of the monks of Rochester : Election of Archbishop Baldwin : His character : Quarrel with the monks concerning the Archbishop's proposed foundation of a collegiate Church at Hackington : The Prior appeals to Rome : King offers to arbitrate : Baldwin excommunicates the monks : Papal mandate for the destruction of the college : Prior Honorius dies in Italy : Death of King Henry II :

X

Roger Norreys intruded into the priorate by Archbishop Baldwin : King Richard I comes to Canterbury : Archbishop of Rouen to act as arbitrator : Baldwin leaves England for the Holy Land : Hubert Walter elected to the primacy : the Archbishop wishes to found a collegiate Church at Lambeth : Opposition of the monks : The work inhibited by the Pope : Bishop Stubbs's summary of the contest and his criticism of the action of the monks pp. 103-116

Chapter VII From The Great Exile To The Death Of Prior Henry Of Eastry

Gervase's account of the death of Archbishop Hubert : Opening of his tomb in 1890 : Contents of the tomb : King John seizes the Chapel of the late Archbishop : Monks refuse to elect the King's nominee : Exile of the monks : Their return in 121 3 : Offerings at the shrine of St. Thomas during the exile : Translation of the relics of St. Thomas, 1220 : New conventual seal : Landing of the Friars in England : Stained glass windows in St. Thomas's Chapel : The Frater House rebuilt : Cloisters remodelled : Quarrel between the monks and Archbishop Edmund : A charter tampered with : The Archbishop refuses to sanction the election of Roger de la Lee to the priorate : Death of Archbishop Edmund at Pontigny : Building work carried out by Priors Roger Lee, and Roger of St. Alphege : The Prior's Chapel : Election of Archbishop Boniface : He attempts to reform the discipline of the Priory : Resistance of the monks : Appeal to Rome : Prior Adam Chillenden chosen primate : His election opposed by Prince Edward : Set aside by the Pope in favour of Robert Kilwardby : Visitations of the Prior and Chapter sede vacante : Feud between the monks and citizens : Prior Thomas Ringmere : His abortive attempts to introduce reforms : Charges made against him by the monks : Resignation of the Prior : Henry of Eastry elected prior : His capacity for business : His building operations : The Audit House : Choir-stalls : Doors and screens in the choir : The Chapter- House repaired : A reliquary for St. Thomas's head : New spire on the N.W. tower : Brewery : Cheker : Almonry Chapel : Tabula of the high altar : Notes from Eastry's correspondence : Archbishop Winchelsey's shrine : Prior Eastry's relations with Archbishop Reynolds : Reynolds' tomb : His benefactions to the Church : Visits of royal persons : Marriage of King Edward I to Margaret of France : King Edward II comes to Canterbury : Queen Isabella leaves her hounds in the charge of the Prior : Death of Prior Eastry pp. 11 7-144 xi

CHAPTER VIII FROM THE DEATH OF PRIOR HENRY OF EASTRY TO THE ELECTION OF PRIOR THOMAS OF CHILLENDEN

Prior Richard Oxenden : Visit of King Edward III : Gifts from the Prior and Convent : A new window erected in St. Anselm's Chapel : Prior Robert Hathbrand : The Black Death : A new Frater House built in the Infirmary : The Chancel of the Infirmary Chapel remodelled : The monastic kitchen rebuilt : The " Black Prince's " Chantry : Work done to the Chapel of St. Mary in the Crypt : Funds raised for rebuilding the Nave : Funeral of the " Black Prince " : His tomb : Achievements : Bequests to the Church : The Norman Nave pulled down by Archbishop Simon of Sudbury : Murder of the Archbishop : His tomb : The rebuilding of the Nave continued by Prior Finch : The New Guest Chambers called " Paradise " and " Heaven " : Fall of the Campanile : Death of Prior Finch : His character pp. 145-166

Chapter IX The Priorate Of Thomas Chillenden, 1391-1411

Building operations : The Nave : Comparison between the Naves of Canterbury and Winchester : Internal arrangements of the Nave : New Altar-piece : The Choir whitewashed : Repavement of the North Aisle of the Choir and South-East transept : New lodgings for the Sub-Sacrists : Reconstruction of the Chapter House : the Great Dormitory new roofed : Upper story erected over the Water-tower : New Cloisters : Chamber over the Green Court Gate : The Pentise : Rebuilding of the city wall between North Gate and Queningate : Canterbury College in Oxford, rebuilt : And the Cheker of the Hope in Mercury Lane : Ornaments and vestments acquired during Chillenden's priorate : Bishop Buckingham's Chantry : Lady Mohun's Chantry : Chillenden's embassage to Pisa : His death : Tomb pp. 167-186

Chapter X From The Death Of Thomas Chillenden To The Suppression Of The Priory

Prior John Wodensburgh : His economic reforms : The Great Cloister finished : Burial of King Henry IV : His tomb : Opening of the

xii tomb in 1832 : Death of Archbishop Arundel : His Chantry : King Henry V comes to Canterbury : Archbishop Chicheley : His tomb : Lollardy repressed : Prior William Molash : Rebuilding of the South-West tower : The great central tower commenced, 1433 : Richard Beek, Master Mason : Cardinal Beaufort admitted into confraternity : Tomb of Lady Holland and her two husbands in St. Michael's Chapel : Chamber over the Chapel : The Brenchley Chantry : New Lady Chapel erected by Prior Goldston I : Jack Cade's rebellion : King Henry VI at Canterbury : Archbishop Bourchier orders a thanksgiving service in the Cathedral for the capture of Henry VI : King Edward IV presents the great window of the North- West transept : Prior William Sellinge : His building operations : City wall between Burgate and Queningate : Great Central tower : John Wastell, Master Mason : New drainage system : The Christ Church Gate erected, 1517 : Prior Thomas Goldston II : His gifts to the Church : The scrutiny of the shrine of St. Dunstan : Archbishop Warham's Chantry : Prior Thomas Goldwell : The affair of Elizabeth Barton : Dr. Layton comes to Canterbury : Fire at the Prior's lodgings : Destruction of the shrine of St. Thomas, 1538 : Surrender of the Priory : Goldwell hopes to be the first Dean : On the appointment of Nicholas Wotton, Goldwell retires with a pension pp. 187-221

Chapter XI The Interior Life Of The Monastery

The Benedictine system : Lanfranc's reforms : The Priors of Christ Church : Election : Jurisdiction sede vacante : Reluctance to attend general Chapters of their order : Privileges : Lodgings : Servants : The Precentor : The Sacrist : Revenue : The Cellarer : His lodgings : Guest-Hall : " Meister Omers " : Gifts to officials at Easter and Christmas : The Chamberlain : His duties : The Dormitory : Deportum : The Penitentiary : Discipline : The Scrutatores : The Treasurers : Loans from the Archbishop : Fluctuations of income : Offerings to the shrine of St. Thomas : The Almoner : The Maundy : Almoner's School : Novices : The Archbishop's School : Canterbury College in Oxford' : The Infirmarer : Infirmary buildings : Stationarii : Fees to Surgeons : Dead monks placed on a stone in the Infirmary Chapel : Rules for the Infirmary : The monastic kitchen : Servants and their wages : Hours of Divine Service, and of meals : Study : Carrels in the Cloister : Recreations : Offerings of the brethren at Easter : Fees paid for sermons : A list of the Priors of Christ Church pp. 222-271 xiii

Chapter XII The Cathedral Church On The Eve Of The Reformation

The visit of Erasmus in 15 13 : Description of the Nave : The Martyrdom : The Crypt : Reliquary Cupboard : The High Altar : Ornaments and vestments : St. Thomas's Chapel : The Corona : Arrangement of the Choir fittings : Arras hangings : The Lenten Veil : The High Altar : Patriarchal Chair : Relics near the Side Altars : The Measure of Our Lady : Relics, and Altars pp. 272-286

Chapter XIII From The New Foundation To The Primacy Of Laud

The Incorporation Charter : Constitution of the Collegiate Church : Cranmer's modified scheme : His provision for the sons of poor men in the Cathedral School : Outline of the history of the King's School : Dean Wotton : The Prebendaries conspire against Cranmer : Richard Thornden, Bishop of Dover : Church goods alienated: A turbulent Canon : Stained glass windows destroyed : Fire at the Palace : Destruction of the monastic buildings : The Chapter House fitted up for sermons : The Marian reaction : Ornaments replaced : Married Prebendaries deprived of their stalls : Death of Queen Mary and of Cardinal Pole : Five Prebendaries refuse to take the Oath of Supremacy and are deprived : The Archiepiscopal Palace rebuilt by Parker : Ritual in the days of Queen Elizabeth : Visit of the Queen to Canterbury : Chapter orders relating to sermons : Want of proper supervision of the fabric : The Walloon and French Protestant congregation in the Crypt : Names of the first members of the New Foundation pp. 287-314

Chapter XIV From Laud To The Restoration

Character of Archbishop Laud : Preparations made by the Dean and Chapter for the Archbishop's first visitation : New Altar and ornaments : Growth of Puritanism in Kent : The Archbishop's visitation articles : The Revised Statutes : Bowing towards the Altar : A new font presented by Dr. Warner : The pre-Reformation Fonts : Laud's attempt to enforce conformity upon the French congregation : Fall of a pinnacle of the Great Central tower : Sermons to be preached ia the Choir instead of in the Sermon-

House : Violent protest by the Puritans : Outbreak of the Civil War : The Cathedral looted by Colonel Sandys' troopers : Dean Bargrave imprisoned in the Fleet : Church plate sold by the Dean and Chapter : The Parliament issue an order for the protection of the Cathedral : Destruction of stained glass windows by Richard Culmer and others : The Cathedral estates sequestrated : Thomas Monins appointed Receiver -General : Survey made in 1650 : Buildings scheduled for destruction : Church plate lent to the Independents : The Cathedral services reduced to a single sermon on Sundays pp. 315-333

Chapter XV From The Restoration To The Close Of The Eighteenth Century

King Charles II at Canterbury : Petitions to the Dean and Chapter from officials of the Church : John Peirce, Six-Preacher, asks for his fee for a sermon preached before the rebellion : The Dean and Chapter recount their losses : The Christ Church Gates restored : Refitting of the Choir : New Altar Screen : Communion Plate : Money spent on repair between 1 660-1 670 : Money raised for the redemption of captives : The Choir wainscoted : Picture of King Charles I : A new Altar-cloth presented by Queen Mary : Hours of Divine Service : John Boy's description of the Cathedral in 1675 : Removal of the spire from the Arundel steeple in 1704 : The Choir re-pewed : Archbishop Tenison's archiepiscopal throne : New Audit-house : New Altar-piece erected by James Burrough in 1733 : Work done to the Corona in 1748 : Rebuilding of the gable of the South-East transept : Dean Home's destructive " restorations " : The Nave repaved : Correspondence between Archbishop Herring and the Dean and Chapter relative to the relics of St. Anselm pp. 334-353

Chapter XVI The Cathedral In The Nineteenth Century

Church patronage : Pluralities and nepotism : Gilbert's reminiscences of the Canons of Canterbury : Dean Percy's " restorations " : New Altar-screen : Rebuilding of the Arundel steeple : Repair of the Cloister : Removal of the Cemetery Gate : A new Archiepiscopal throne erected from the designs of George Austin : Enthronement of Archbishop Sumner : The Ecclesiastical Commission : Canonries reduced from twelve to six : Annual income of the Dean and Chapter : Houses of suppressed Canonries pulled down : Dean Alford's reforms : Grant by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to the fabric fund : The roof of the Choir, and the Oxford steeple repaired : Statuary placed in the niches of the South porch : Cathedral gasworks : New buildings erected for the King's School : The wooden staircase leading to the South-East transept replaced by a stone one : The Choir reseated in 1879 : The fire of 1872 : The Dean and Chapter decline the offer of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to administer their estates : Work done to the fabric by Dean Farrar : By Dean Wace : Repair of the Central tower : The Archiepiscopal Palace rebuilt by Archbishop Temple : Gifts of ornaments, and vestments : Pulpit erected in the Nave from the designs of Mr. Bodley : Revival of Church life in the nineteenth century pp. 354-376

Chapter XVII

Founded by Archbishop Theodore : Its extent in Anglo-Saxon times : Reconstituted by Lanfranc : His rules for monastic reading : Fragment of a twelfth-century catalogue of the books in the library : The catalogue compiled in the days of Prior Henry of Eastry : Evidence that Christ Church possessed a Bibliotheca at an early date : Where situated : Inspection of the books temp Prior Oxenden : A new library built by Archbishop Chicheley : Deer rated by Prior Sellinge : Review of the books by William Ingram in 1508 : Reconstruction of the arrangement of the mediaeval library : Estates given for the upkeep of the library : The Scriptorium : Carrels : Celebrated books produced at Canterbury : Early employment of professional scribes, and illuminators : Cost of production : Damage done to the books by a fire on the eve of the dissolution of the Priory : Alienation of volumes by Archbishops Parker and Whitgift, and by Dean Nevill : Books acquired in 1547 : Efforts made in 1628 to replenish the shelves : Archbishop Abbot's benefaction : The books sent to London by the Trustees of the lands of Deans and Chapters. : Returned to Canterbury at the Restoration of the Monarchy : Benefactions by Archbishop Juxon and Bishop Warner : A new library built on the site of the Priors' Chapel : Purchase of books and Somner's MSS. : Sancrof t's gif t of duplicates in the Lambeth Library : Additions made in the eighteenth century : The Combe Collection of early printed Bibles : A new library built in 1867 : The Howley-Harrison bequest : The Muniments : Not part of the library : Precautions taken by Dean Wotton for their preservation : Discovery of hidden MSS. : A Register book in private hands : Recovery of the Muniments at the time of the Restoration : Damage done by a fire in the Audit-house, 1670 : The Great Catalogue compiled by Cyprian Bunce in 1806 : Dr. J. Brigstock Sheppard's Report on the records to the Historical

MSS. Commission : Rearrangement of the Collection in recent years : A description of the various classes of documents : The Monastic Registers : Registers of the Dean and Chapter : A list of the books which were once part of the Conventual Library and are still preserved in the library of the Dean and Chapter

Chapter XVIII The Stained Glass Windows And Mural Paintings

e Clerestory windows : The Theological windows in the Choir : The Triforium windows : Rose-window in the South-East transept : Windows of the Trinity (St. Thomas's) Chapel : Modern windows : Wall paintings : St. Christopher in the Corona : St. Eustace in the South Choir-aisle : St. Paul at Melita in St. Anselm's Chapel : Frescoes in St. Gabriel's Chapel in the Crypt : Scott Robertson's description of the subjects pp. 405-444

Chapter XIX The Choir And The Organ

Provision made for the Choir by the Statutes of Henry VIII : Paid singers in pre-Reformation days : Men's voices continued to be used for the Choir offices after the dissolution of the Priory : Plain-song gradually superseded by harmonised compositions : Instrumentalists introduced to support the treble part : The Sackbutters and Corneteers : The organ : Its position in monastic days : In the roof-loft at the time of the dissolution : Rebuilt in 1564 in the North Choir-aisle : William Selby the first organist of the New Foundation : The statutable stipends of Minor Canons, Lay Clerks, and Chorister Boys : Poverty of Lay Clerks in the seventeenth century : Their petition to Archbishop Laud : Attendance at three daily services compulsory in 1583 : Sufferings of the Lay Clerks at the time of the Great Rebellion : The organ in the Chapter House sold by the Sequestrators : Petition of Thomas Jones, Lay Clerk at the time of the Restoration : Improvement of the stipends of the Choirmen : A new organ built by Lancelot Pease of Cambridge in 1662 : By Bernard Smith in 1683 : The organ rebuilt by Richard Bridge in 1752 : Rebuilt and removed to the Rood-loft by Maurice Greene in 1784 : Removed to the gallery of the South Triforium in 1827 by Longhurst, senior : A new instrument built by Henry Willis in 1886 : General history of the Choir : Litany chanted by Lay Clerks until 1704 : The substitutes abolished in 1724 : " Precum days," meaning of : The Chorister

xvii boys : Liberal provision for by the Statutes : Liable to be impressed for service in the Royal Chapels : A Grammar Master appointed in 1845 : The Precentor : His statutable duties : The Canterbury repertory of anthems and services an extensive one : List of the organists : Specifications of the organs built by Lancelot Pease, Bernard Smith, Richard Bridge, Maurice Greene, and Henry Willis pp. 445-470

Chapter XX The Bells

Bells acquired by Priors Ernulf, Conrad, Wibert Eastry, Hathbrand, Chillenden : Archbishop Arundel presents the ring called by his name : Bells sold at the time of the suppression of the Priory : " Bell Harry " : Antiquity of the bell : Perhaps named after Prior Henry of Eastry : The bells in the Oxford steeple : The Clock : " Bell Dunstan " : The Arundel ring rehung by Thomas Crust in 1634 : Taken down and recast by Samuel Knight in 1726, and rehung in the Oxford steeple : Dimensions of the present ring of ten and the inscriptions on the bells : Rehung in 1897 : The clock chimes pp. 471-476

A list of the Deans and Canons, supplementary to that printed in Le Neve's " Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae " pp. 476-478 xviii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The Cathedral at Twilight Frontispiece

St. Augustine's Chair fc I

Pillars from the Saxon Church of Reculver 7

Conjectural Plan of the Roman-Saxon Church Facing p. 10

Church and Baptistery of S. Appollinare at Ravenna 12

The Earliest Seal of the Prior and Convent 16

Passage from the Cloister to the Infirmary 27

Plan of Lanfranc's Church (1070-1077) Facing p. 30

The North-West Tower ; and ruins of the Palace in 1 81 6 „ 32

Signatures to the Accord of Winchester, 1072 „ 33

Plan of St. Anselm's Church before the Fire of 1174 Facing p. 40

Ernulf's Crypt „ 41

Ernulf 's Crypt (South Aisle) 43

Seals of the Prior and Convent of Christ Church Facing p. 45

The Treasury q „ 50 The Norman drawing of the Cathedral and Conventual Buildings,

c. 1 1 64 Facing p. 52

The Green-Court Gateway 53

Substructure of Water Tower Q Facing p. 54

Transept Tower 56

The Martyrdom of St. Thomas Facing p. 68

The Tomb of St. Thomas of Canterbury 71 King Henry II receiving his Discipline at the Hands of the

Monks Facing p. 74

Site of the Martyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbury 84

Capital of Martyrdom Door 88

Substructure of Trinity Chapel (St. Thomas's) 95

Ground Plan i Facing p. 101

Third Seal of the Prior and Convent, c. 1221 Facing p. 123

Seal of the Dean and Chapter, 1540 ,, 123

The Cloister Doorway, leading to the Martyrdom Transept 125

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Western doorway of the Prior's Chapel, c. 1254 129

Chapter-House Door Facing p. 138

The Round Water-Tower and the Cheker Building „ 139

Checker Tower 139

Seal of Archdeacon Simon Langton, 1245 Facing p. 144

Seal of Prior Henry of Eastry „ 144

Boss in " Black Prince's " Chantry Chapel 145

The Table-Hall of the Infirmary, c. 1342 149

Ruins of the Chancel of the Infirmary Chapel 153

North Window of the Infirmary Chapel 155

Boss of Joan Plantagenet ? 157

The Black Prince's Tomb Facing p. 160

The Nave 168

The Water-Tower Facing p. 176

Doorway from the Cloister to the Infirmary 177

The Pentise 179

Prior's Doorway in Dark Entry 183

Waterspout of the South Porch 187

The Cloister (North Side) 189

Plan of the Floor of the Nave, c. 1786 Facing p. 195

The Central Tower from the Cloister ,, 208

The Michaelmas Fair in the Precincts „ 209

Christ Church Gate ,, 213

Ruins of the Frater-House 231 The Cellarer's Door in the Cloister, and the Aperture in which

the Turn-table was placed 235

Ruins of Cellarer's Hall 239

Ruins of the Hall of the Infirmary 253

Substructure of the Cellarer's Gate House 263

Altar of the Sword Point 273

Interior of the Christ Church Gate 289

The Chained Bible 294

The Deanery Facing p. 300

The French Church in the " Black Prince's " Chantry Chapel 309

The Font, 1639 Facing p. 320 The Christ Church Gate with the arms of Archbishop Juxon, 1 661 339

Panelling in the Choir Facing p. 342

The Christ Church Gate after the removal of the Turrets 351

The Choir Facing p. 354

The Nave 357

The Cathedral from the " Oaks " Facing p. 363

The Archbishop's Throne ,, 363

The " Old Palace " 372

Archbishop Juxon's Gates (Inner Face) 373 XX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

The Cathedral from the Stour Valley Facing f. 384

Methusaleh from a Window in the Clerestory 407

Enoch from a Window in the Clerestory 41 1

The Rich Men of this World. Window II 20 413

The Parable of the Sower. Window II 21 414

The Destruction of Sodom. Window II 20 415

The Three Wise Men Riding. Window II 2 416

Plan of Window II 418

Plan of Window III 419

1. The Earth falls on William of Gloucester. Window I 13,

Trinity Chapel, South Side 426

2. Two Men bring News that he is Dead 427

3. A Dismal Groan is heard 428

4. Holy and Humble Men of Heart come with Spades and Country

Tools 429

5. William is brought out 430 A Lady offering a coil at St. Thomas's Altar. Window VI 21