Memoir of the Rev. John Scudder, M.D., thirty-six years missionary in India

Preface

WHEN Dr. Scudder rested from his labors, there was a wish expressed, on the part of those wrho knew him and appreciated his high qualities as a Christian missionary, that a memoir should be given to the public. After years of delay — owing to providential circumstances — the attempt has been made, with what success the reader will of course decide for himself.

The materials for such a work were abundant; but they were scattered here and there, and some parts of his private journal were entirely lost. It has been the compiler's object to select from a very large correspondence and a somewhat extended diary only those facts which would reveal most forcibly the character of the man, and act with salutary effect 6n the heart of the reader.

One advantage which this Memoir has over other biographies of missionaries consists in the fact that Dr. Scudder's labors were spread over an immense territory. Like the Apostle Paul, he was ever in motion — a great missionary evangelist — penetrating the interior of heathendom, and preaching the Gospel to princes and to the people.

His skill as a surgeon, too, was the key, in many instances, to his success as a preacher. A man who could iv PREFACE.

open the eyes of the blind inspired a reverence far greater than one who appeared simply as a Christian teacher. His twofold profession gave him great power.

It is hoped that this small tribute to his memory — imperfect in many respects as it must be — will serve to keep alive the remembrance of one whose self-denial and self-consecration in the holiest of causes have never in modern times been exceeded, and but seldom equaled. An example like this can not fail to act favorably on the Christian Church, in keeping alive what missionary spirit now exists, and in deepening the sense of obligation to obey our Lord's last command, " Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature."

J. B. WATERBUKY.

Chapter I

Birth and Childhood. — Ancestry. — Revolutionary Anecdote. — Dedicated in Infancy. — Mother's Testimony. — A Christian from his Birth. — Characteristic Trait. — "Devil John." — Keeping Lent. — Deep sense of Depravity.— In College. — His Influence as a Student. — Testimony of N. Patterson. — Studies Medicine. — His Companions. — Enthusiasm in his Profession. — Beginning of his domestic Life. — Deep religious Interest for others. — Conversion of several Members of the Family. — Devotional Habits. -*-Twofold Profession. — A fearful death -bed Scene. — Church Relations. — Rev. Christian Bork. — Dr. S. becomes Co-laborer. — A great Revival, and large Accession to the Church. — His life-long Attachment to the Reformed Dutch Church Page 11

Chapter II

Great Success in his Profession. — Conjugal Help. — New Phase of Life. — Call to preach Christ to the Heathen. — How it came to pass. — Looks to God for Guidance. — Terrible Struggle as to the Path of Duty. — Decides the Question on his Knees. — Breaks the Subject to his Wife. — Her Acquiescence. — His great Joy. — Opinions of the World. — Concurrence of Providential Events. — Letter to the Board of Missions. — Preparations for the Departure.— The faithful Servant Amy. — The Farewell. — Dr. S. jubilant in view of his Work. — The Embarkation.^ James Brainerd Taylor, seeing it, decides for the Ministry 26

Chapter III

Embarkation from Boston. — Companions in the Mission Work. — Brig Indus, Captain Wills. — A floating Bethel. — Religious Exercises on board. — The Captain co-operates. — Manifestations of God's Presence. — Great Revival. — Numerous and interesting Conversions. — Officers as

VI

CONTENTS.

well as Seamen awakened and converted. — The Hardest Case brought under Conviction. — Gives up his Heart, at length, to God. — Remarkable Instances of Answer to Prayer. — Arrival at Calcutta. — Oriental Scenery. — First Sight of Idol-worship. — Housekeeping in Calcutta. — Farewell to the Ship's Company a severe Trial. — Mrs. Woodward taken 111. — Dr. S. remains with her at Calcutta. — She recovers. — First Death, sudden and severe. — Dr. S.'s only Child called away. — Christian Resignation.— Death of a second Child. — God's Will be done the ruling Sentiment Page 33

Chapter IV

Ceylon, Description of the Island. — The Population. — Cingalese and Tamulians, Buddhists and Brahminists. — Scene of Labors. — Jaffna District.— Panditeripo. — Letter of Dr. Scudder. — Description of Church and Bungalow. — Houses. — Natives, their Mode of Living. — Tropical Fruits. — Old Testament Customs illustrated. — Depraved Morals. — Vulgar Forms of Idolatry. — The Effect on a Christian Mind. — Begins preaching at Panditeripo. — Letter to Dr. Worcester. — Opposition of the Brahmins. — Great Temple at Nellore. — The Abominations practiced therein. — Degradation of the Heathen. — Removes to Panditeripo. — Licensed to Preach. — Native Schools. — Preaching in public, and from House to House. — Prescribing for the Sick. — Medium of moral and religious Instruction. — Superstitious Fears. — Dread of the Devil. — Heathen Children in Prayer. — Seeking after a Sign. — Appeal for the Support of Heathen Children. — Preaching in the Fields. — The Brahmin and his Son. — A large Congregation. — Death of the Odigar. — Preaching for the first Time in Tamul. — Praying with two Brahmins. — Sabbath Desecration. — Force of Example. — Death of a Malabar. — Sight to the Blind. — Monthly Concert. — Christian David. — Conversation with a Brahmin. — One Year's Labors. — Evangelization. — Visits the Schools. — Distrust of the Heathen. — Need of Prayer for Missionaries. — Schools for Girls. — Important Surgical Operation. — Folly of Heathen Rites. — Labors of the Missionary's Wife 54

Chapter V

Second Journal from Panditeripo. — Mrs. Scudder's Labors. — Testimony to faithful Colored Amy.— Dr. Scudder's twofold Work as Physician and Preacher.— A Heathen's Idea. — Worshiping Books. — Thank-offering of a Heathen.— Roman Catholics. — A Bud blighted. — Visit of Sir Richard Ottley.— Preaching Tour.— White Ants and Robbers.— Takes

CONTENTS. vii

Refuge in the House of the Vedar. — Treated kindly. — A Brahmin, his Reasoning. — Tomb of Lopez. — Superstition concerning it. — Power of Prayer. — Mr. Koch, Interpreter, labors with Dr. S. — Preaching and distributing Tour. — Hard Service. — Wild Beasts. — Power of the Elephant.— Chavicherry. — Sufferings from the Heat. — Peacock for Food. — Haunted House. — Reaches Home. — Kind Treatment by the Natives on his recent Tour. — Another Tour ; starts with his Boys and Mr. Koch. — Success among the Romanists. — Visits one of the Catholic Churches. — Description of their Image- worship. — Kindness of Mrs. Mooyaart. — Addresses the Fishermen. — Returns Home. — New Tracts required. — Tracts prepared. — Prayer by Christians at Home Page 81

Chapter VI

Sacramental Season. — Mrs. Scudder's Journal. — A School-girl admitted to the Church. — New- Year's Thanksgiving. — Encouragement. — A Heathen Boy, Gideon Waterbury, awakened to a sense of his Sins. — A Child Dead. — Absence and Return of Dr. S. — A Backslider. — A domestic Picture. — What we Eat and Drink. — Kindness of Mrs. Mooyaart. — Clothing. — Harmony. — The faithful Amy. — Sea-bathing. — Conversion of a Boy. — Prayer for a Revival. — Letter from Home. — News of the Conversion of a Sister. — One of our great Days. — More Conversions of School-children. — Dr. S. leaves for Madras. — Great ingathering of Souls: Admission of Forty -one Members to the Church. — Great Meeting at Manepy. — Cholera raging : a Scene. — Heathen Children at Prayer .- 98

Chapter VII

The great Revival. — Additional Remarks by Dr. Scudder. — His Absence : its essential Benefit to his Health. — Surveys the Continental Field. — Forms a large Acquaintance with British Officials at Madras. — Makes accurate Observations of the Field which he is to Occupy. — Returns to Ceylon, and makes his Report. — It is decided that he and Mr.Winslow shall return and occupy the Continental Field 110

Chapter VIII

Revival in Madras, chief City of the Carnatic. — Its Military and Commercial Character. — Nabob of Arcot and Edmund Burke. — Abject Submission of the Natives. — Policy of England toward them. — Juggernaut and the Suttee. — Encouragement for the Missionaries. — Important Centre for Missionary Operations. — Madras a City of Cities. — Its Population viii CONTENTS.

open for religious Influences. — Extensive Revival of Religion in the Fort. — Eight Hundred Soldiers. — Dr. S. becomes an Itinerant Missionary.— His Bullock Bandy. — Persecution and personal Insults. — Is Stoned and Bruised. — Large Distribution of Scriptures and Tracts. — The Cholera: Cause and Cure. — Splendid Tank. — Tour of Inspection., — Worship of the Idol Siva. — Good Place for a School. — A busy Day. — Heathen Procession. — The Palankeen Man. — Aged Man and consequential Man. — Prays on a Hill-top. — Pilgrims. — Superstitions. — Idolatry hard Service. — Perseverance. — Confusion. — Mode of Distribution. — Reflections on the Close of the Tour. — Another Tour. — Frequent Labors.— Roman Catholicism. — Vellore. — Ascends a Mountain : splendid Prospect. — Labors at Vellore.— Another Extract. — Children and Mode of Begging. — Car Baskets. — Worshiping a Book. — Preaches under a Tree * Page 117

Chapter IX

Correspondence with Mrs. Scudder. — Interesting Incidents of his Journeys and Labors, of his Enjoyments and Sufferings. — Facetious and Serious ; » 147

Chapter X

Failure of Health. — Jungle Fever. — Death's Door. — Perilous Journey of Mrs. Scudder. — Saved by Daniel's God. — Dr. Scudder's Health gives way. — Decides to visit America. — The Arrival 1 75

Chapter XI

No Rest. — Preaching Tours for Children. — Affecting Letters from them. — Female Seminary at South Hadley. — Has a delightful and profitable Visit. — Miss Lyon, the Principal : her noble Christian Character. — His Views of the Mount Holyoke Seminary 182

Chapter XIII

Dr. Scudder returns to India. — Arrives at Madras. — Resumes his Missionary Labors. — His vast Correspondence. — Is appointed to the Madura Mission. — Meets with a Convert. — Finds Caste a great Impediment. — Policy of the Government in regard to it. — Successful Treatment of Cholera and other Complaints. — Heathenism vs. Medical Skill 213

CONTENTS. ix

Chapter XIV

"He shall stand before Kings." — Visits the King of the Tondiman Country.— Receives Royal Honors. — He and his Family decorated with Wreaths of Flowers. — Is faithful in his Conversation with the King. — Splendid Entertainments, and unbounded Hospitality shown him. — Performs many Surgical Operations, and preaches the Gospel to vast Numbers.— Letter at parting from the Prince, or Rajah. — Witchcraft and the Demetrians. — The Pulney Hills. — Communion. — Mount Nebo. — Routine of Work, etc Page 218

Chapter XV

Black Town, part of Madras. — Moves to this Place. — Great Crowds attend for Medical Aid. — Preaches the Gospel to them. — A Liar. — White Ants one of the Scourges of India. — The Queen Ant. — Numerous Writings and Publications. — A Present to a Prince 235

Chapter XVI

Evening Shadows. — A sudden and severe Stroke. — Woes cluster. — Death of Mrs. Scudder. — Letter to Dr. Anderson, also to his Children. — Its Effect on his own Spirit. — His Meditations in connection with the Event. — Death of his Son Samuel. — His triumphant Submission. — Gradual Failure of his own Health. — Trip to South Africa. — Labors abundant. — Terminated suddenly in a Sleep of Death, and transit to Glory 241

A 2

MEMOIR

OF

THE KEY. JOHN SCUDDER, M.D.

Chapter I

Childhood. — College .Life. — Studies Medicine. — Acknowledges God. — Beginning of his Domestic Life. — Twofold Profession. — Church Relations.

THE subject of this memoir was a native of Freehold, Monmouth County, New Jersey. The date of his birth was Sept. 3, 1793. His father and mother were Joseph and Maria Scudder. The father was a lawyer of repute, a gentleman of the old school, and his mother was a lady of high culture, winning manners, and exalted piety. Mrs. Scudder was connected with the Johnstons of Revolutionary memory. Her father was colonel of the First New Jersey regiment in our Revolutionary War, and fell at the battle of Long Island while bravely storming a strong position of the enemy.*

* " His death," says one acquainted with the circumstances, "was sincerely lamented by all who knew him, not only as a great private but public loss, the more so as he fell a sacrifice to obstinacy. General Sullivan commanded that day, and directed Colonel Johnston to take the position. Colonel Johnston, having served in the French War under Sir William Johnston, and understanding his profession well, suggested to Gen. S. the impracticability of the enterprise. Sullivan, in anger, replied, ' Sir, it is your place to obey, not to dictate or expostulate.' 'Sir,' retorted Colonel

] 2 MEMOIR OF DR. SCUDJ)ER.

This son John was dedicated in his infancy to God, and, by his mother's testimony — corroborated in after life by himself — was like Samuel, a child of God from his birth. The mother stated that she never knew when he was converted, " for he seemed always to be possessed with the Christian temper." Such cases are not common, but who will say they are not possible ?

CHILDHOOD.

Probably this spiritual born, or twice-born child, discovered little in his early development to distinguish him from other amiable and obedient children. There was always with him a conscientious regard to truth, and an affectionate compliance with the parental wishes. Still it must be supposed that he played and sported, and in every respect acted like other children. It is probable, also, that occasionally he was surprised into delinquencies common to impetuous youth ; but when his fault was pointed out to him, he expressed his sorrow and made resolutions of amendment. This would not be inconsistent with the declaration of his mother — " that she scarcely knew when he was converted ; he was always good."

One trait, however, characteristic of the man, was developed in the boy — a spirit of benevolence and self-sacrifice. " My brother John," writes his sister, " manifest- \ ed a very devotional spirit from boyhood upward ; also a benevolent gift was in him. lie would run about the

i Johnston, 'I will convince you that I can and will obey ; but it will be at I the sacrifice of my own life, and that of all the brave band I have the hon- 1 or to command. ' The prophecy proved but too true ; but one man es- \caped out of all the number. That man was Captain Grey, who related the event to my mother with tears."

COLLEGE LIFE. 13

streets and highways of Freehold and gather sticks to kindle the fires of the destitute. The little fellow was one day drawing a very heavy rail. A person called out, ' John, what are you going to do with that ?' ' I am taking it to Miss Becky, who has no fire.' The person alluded to was poor and infirm.

"There was a man who lived near us addicted to strong drink — a bad man, driving his pious wife from her home at midnight, when she sought her father's house for shelter. John, who frequently went to him, t said one day, 'Mr. C., why do they call you "Devil ' John T ' The wife was terrified, fearing he might hurt ' the child. She was a strict Episcopalian. My brother said to Mr. C., ' If you will throw away your bottle for forty days, I will keep Lent with jwur wife.' This agreement was verified — the performance was sure. It was the beginning of better days with this man. He abstained totally, lived years after this, and professed Christ in the Presbyterian Church. My brother sent him a message from India as follows : ' I charge Mr. Conover to meet me in heaven,' which affected the old gentleman very much. He said John had great influence over him."

It might be supposed that a youth of such f eelings and habits would scarcely have had any deep views of the heart's corruption, whereas we never knew a Christian who had a more overwhelming sense of his own depravity.

IX COLLEGE.

While in Princeton College, young Scudder was notonly attentive to his duties as a scholar, but also as a

14 MEMOIR OF DR. SCUDDES.

Christian. He was watching for opportunities to do good, and striving, in every possible way, to win his fellow-students over to the cause of Christ. The following letter is a noble testimony to his faithfulness. It seems to have been addressed to his father, and comes from one whose praise is in many of the churches.

"Wilmington, November 16, 1855.

" In compliance with your request, my venerable friend, I give you in writing what was a day or two since communicated to you orally, though I am sure it will appear differently ; but please take ' the will for the deed.'

" I find, from the date of my diploma, I entered college in the spring of 1813fsome four months before your devoted son graduated. I shall ever regard that short acquaintance with such a youth as having an important influence over my whole course of life.

" It commenced in this wise. While sitting in a neighboring room with some classmates, a tall, pale young man came in. Being introduced to Mr. Scudder, his reply, according to custom, was, ' I'll be happy to see you at No. 47.' While he remained, which was but for a moment, there was a general stillness, and when he had gone one of our company remarked, ' That fellow is so religious one can hardly laugh in his presence.' A secret influence touched the heart of one in that company, and, unconscious of its cause as he then was, the thought instantly arose, ' I had far better keep company with such a person.'

" Returning to my lonely room, for I had not yet besome acquainted with half a dozen in the place, this thought followed me — 'There, now, you have one of the right kind of associates in this building.' But for a while I had to battle with questions of this sort : Shall I at once stand face to face with a principle of right, or give in to the doctrine of expediency ? Shall I associate with one who is viewed as singular, and consent before long to be called a hypocrite, a fanatic, or a social heretic, or shall I consent to be drawn into the ranks of an overwhelming majority?

" At last this conclusion was reached — ' I will call on Scudder at once, and tell him why I came so soon.' Here was a starting-point for other things that quickly followed. I found him at his studies, and told him of my wish to form a religious acquaintanceship, though myself without religion. Quickly he rose, and grasped my hand with unlooked-for ardor, saying, ' That's right ; stand by that; you'll never regret it.' When the twelve o'clock bell rang, J. S. was at my door, and proposed a walk. Our steps were directed into Craig's "Woods, near where the railroad depot now is. His speech, I believe, was mainly on the great themes with which his heart was filled. In a retired spot we sat down on a log, and sang together ( When I can read my title clear,' and some other hymns. He then proposed kneeling in social prayer, and there, for the first time, with trepidation I made an awkward attempt at extemporary prayer. That open committal on the side of religious anxiety was a seed of moral reform planted by that beloved brother some forty years ago ; but alas ! how stunted has been its growth, and meagre its fruits!

" Other interviews of like kind were held in that grove, and soon after in several rooms in college, where social prayer was held in rotation. Through J. Scudder I was

16 3IEXOIR OF DR. SCUDDER.

introduced to Storrs, Belden, and Price. These were all who were then known as religious out of one hundred and twenty youths. Thus does destiny hang upon moments, and lay coiled in a passing event. Those words of encouragement, given at a critical time, were like the kiss of approbation given by his fond mother to little Benjamin West at the sight of his rude drawing. It inspired hope, it fixed inclination, and stimulated to efforts. Partly through the force of J. Scudder's persuasive influence, I was soon after induced to apply to the Rev. W. Schenck, your son-in-law, and to his Session, for admission into his Church, and, with the Rev. T. II. Skinner, D.D., was received. Yours respectfully,

" NICHOLAS PATTEKSON."

His heart's desire was toward the sacred ministry, but his father wTas opposed to this ; and so, from a sense of filial "duty, he chose the profession of medicine, more akin to the ministry than the legal profession, and furnishing opportunities to do good to the soul while administering to the relief of the body.

Among the highest in the profession of medicine at that time was the late Dr. David Hosack, of ]Srew York. Young Scudder became his student. Here he formed a friendship with several young men in the same pursuit, among whom, as his most intimate associates, were the late Rev. Dr. Ducachet, of Philadelphia, and Rev. Dr. B. P. Aydelott, of Cincinnati, who survives him.

Scudder was an enthusiast in whatever he undertook. He threw his whole soul into his profession, studied hard under his great teacher, whom he admired, and whose

ACKNOWLEDGING GOD. 17

praises, professionally, he was accustomed to sound in what some would call extravagant language.

He fulfilled his course of study with Dr. Hosack, and graduated at the New York Medical College, having pre- u. viously acred for a considerable period as resident physician of the Almshouse. His next most pressing consideration was where he should start in his practice. His friend, Dr. Aydelott, suggested the eastern section of the city, and offered to introduce him to a family where he would find an agreeable circle and a comfortable home.

ACKNOWLEDGING GOD IN ALL HIS WAYS.

Young Scudder was accustomed to "acknowledge God in all his ways," believing in the promise that, by so doing, "his paths would be directed." Never was there a person who evinced a more conscientious recognition of Divine Providence in every earthly vicissitude. Of course, in so important a matter as fixing his location as a physician, and establishing his home tin a strange family, he made it a matter of earnest prayer. His resolution being taken, he became domiciled in his new abode, and busied himself in looking after practice. It came rapidly, as it usually will to one who is both prepared and expectant, and who is as vigilant to observe as he is ready to avail himself of opportunities. He had a peculiar knack in gaining confidence ; and families who once employed him were so fascinated with his skill and his kind manners, that they seldom wished to exchange him for another. He thus anchored himself in the esteem of one family after another, so that soon lie began to number his patrons with some degree of satisfaction.

Indeed, he even began to think he must have a family and house of his own.

BEGINNING OF HIS DOMESTIC LIFE.

Dr. Scudder took a deep interest in the spiritual wel- / fare of the Jamily where he resided. It consisted of a ( widow, with four daughters and two sons. Two of the daughters were married, and two lived at home with their mother and brothers. With favorable religious antecedents, they still gave no evidence of the experience of personal piety. This was a grief to one to whom religion was every thing, and whose meat and drink it was to do the will of God. So he sets himself, with much prayer and a careful improvement of opportunities, to awaken their minds to the importance of that which to him was " the one thing needful." His success outran his faith. The eldest daughter at home, in whom, for various reasons, he felt a peculiar interest, was the first to show signs of contrition. She was lovely in person, gentle in spirit, and attractive in her manners. How far affection preceded faith, or how intimately they were mingled in his efforts to draw her attention to the great interests of her soul, we can not say. But we can hardly doubt that a deep personal attachment gave additional impulse to the prayers and efforts which, under God, led to her conversion. That being accomplished, the crowning grace was added to the charms of nature.

The means resorted to for the accomplishment of this great end were earnest prayer and occasional conversation. But, in addition to these, the doctor — whether ju- \ diciously or not — obtained a promise from her that she would read a book which he would lend her. That book,

BEGINNING OF HIS DOMESTIC LIFE. 19

as every one acquainted .with it must admit, " is strong meat rather than milk." It was the old Puritan work f entitled " Boston's Fourfold State." And this, after all, ' was the chosen instrumentality. The arrow reached her heart, and she went to Him, who was himself pierced, in order to have it drawn. After sufficient time to test the reality of the change had elapsed, she gave her public testimony to her faith, and began her career for glory and immortality. This young Christian became afterward the wife of Dr. Scudder, shared in his labors and trials, and was to him as a guiding-star in the long pilgrimage of his eventful life. But for her he had often fainted ; and it was by her superior judgment that, when he was in perplexity, the way and path of duty rose clear and well defined before him. Her name must necessarily be associated with his, and will often occur in the progress of this memorial.

Other members of the family engaged his attention with a view to their conversion, and ere long the mother, two of the daughters, and the younger son sat down J together at the same communion board. We do not affirm that all these conversions were owing to the zeal and efforts of Dr. Scudder. A concurrence of affecting . circumstances worked in unison with his Christian efforts to bring about the religious change in this family. The , oldest brother, of noble character and dearly beloved, 1 was drowned in mid ocean about this period. His death was as God's voice thundering in their consciences. A revival, also, of great power was going forward in the Church which they attended. These events were accessory, and influential, under God, in bringing tliis whole family to the foot of the Cross. Yet must we gratefully

20 MEMOIR OF DH. SCUDDER.

acknowledge the earnest prayers and faithful labors of Dr. S., wno seized on these providences to deepen the religious convictions which the Spirit of God seemed now to have commenced.

I The younger brother, compiler of these memoirs, then | only sixteen, was deeply indebted to Dr. Scudder for his ' fraternal counsels, his affectionate interest, and his earnest prayers. Taking me by the hand, he warned me of danger, pointed out the path of duty, and acted as my spiritual Mentor in the earlier part of my religious experience. He was as an elder brother to me. We prayed and sang together. "We visited together. We stood up in the meetings side by side, and testified of the grace of God. In his visitations to the sick often was I with him. We knelt together at the bedside of the invalid. It was a practical school wherein I learned to feel for the suffering, and to pray for the sick and dying.

It was at the evening prayer -meetings held in the I chapel of the Rutgers Street Presbyterian Church — then / enjoying the outpouring of the Spirit— that Dr. Scudder was in his element. Here his face shone, and his whole soul seemed to stereotype its strong emotions in his voice and features. His exhortations to the impenitent were as powerful as his encouragement to the young converts was sweet and cheering. He was the life of any meeting which he attended ; and his pure brotherly affection flowed like. oil on Aaron's garments, or fell gently like the dews on Mount Hermon. His heart overflowed with Christian love, and his charity was as large in regard to the faults of others as his condemnation was severe toward his own errors. The hours of sweet communion enjoyed together can never be forgotten. He was a man

TWOFOLD PROFESSION. 21

of strong emotions, but they were sanctified emotions. \ He was on the mount or in the vale — seldom midway. If a cloud obscured his spiritual horizon, he must go to prayer till the breath of heaven chased it away. He never thought of being happy without the felt presence of God. If that were for a season withdrawn, he was like a child that had lost the father's hand in a crowded street. He cried out long and loud for God. " Tell me where I may find him" was the language of his soul. And when he did find Him, you could hear the shout of song go up from his closet, out of which when he came you needed none to tell you that the light of God's countenance had risen upon him. The ups and downs in his Christian pilgrimage were frequent, but the main tenor of his experience was that of spiritual joy and sunshine. Blessed man ! who lived on God as well as to God.