Marvels of the new West : a vivid portrayal of the stupendous marvels in the vast wonderland west of the Missouri River : comprising marvels of nature, marvels of race, marvels of enterprise, marvels of mining, marvels of stock-raising, and marvels of agriculture, graphically and truthfully described

Front matter

5) OFTHE mmmm m.

Marvels of the New West.

A VIVID PORTRAYAL OF THE STUPENDOUS MARVELS IN

Introduction

PACB

The New West, where and what is it ? Marvellous Boundaries ; Great Things attempted; Capacity for Population; Average Moral Character; No •* Far West" now; Eastern Errors about Western Life; Design of this Book ; Next to Seeing ; " Wonderland " ; Testimony of Others ; Marvels only xxvii

I. Marvels Of Nature

Rocky Mountain Scenery; Testimony of Bayard Taylor and William A.

Baillie-Grohman 3

CANONS.

The Arkansas Canon : Description and Royal Gorge ; Visit by Tourists . 5

The Black Canon : Its Character ; Curricauti's Needle ; Gateway to Price

River Canon 6

Platte Canon: Grandeur; Crookedness; Wonderful Rocks ; a Tourist's

Description 10

Boulder Canon: How to enter it ; Dome Rock 11

Clear Creek Canon : Entrance and Course ; Henry James' Description ; Sculpture by Wind and Water ; The Double Head ; Wagon Road ; Old Man of the Mountains ; View from Gray's Peak and James' Description ;

The Holy Cross Mountain 12

Williams' Canon : Its Location ; Rainbow Falls ; Devil's Gate ; Remarkable Cave : More Remarkable Rock-Formations ; Dr. Taylor's Description ; Ute Pass ; Manitou ; Railway up Pike's Peak 17

Cheyenne Canon : Where ; The Seven Falls ; Words of a Visitor ... 26 Echo Canon: Grand Scenery; Nature's Pulpit; Description by Another;

Hanging Rock ; Devil's Slide ; Pulpit Rock 26

American Fork Canon: Picturesque and Grand ; Hippopotamus Rock . . 31

Contents

IV

PAGE

GRAND CANON OF THE COLORADO: Grandest of All; explored by United States Government; White and Strobe Walls 6,200 Feet High; Permian Butte; Pink ClifFs ; Domes and Towers ; Vishnu's Temple ... 34 MARBLE Canon: Belongs to Grand Canon; Button's Description .... 44

III. Marvels Of Enterprise

" Great American Desert " and its Perils 220

Fremont raising Flag on Rocky Mountains 224

History of Fremont's Hardships « 225

Rush to California in 1848 232

Gold-Seeking in Colorado in 1858 233

Reign of Terror among Settlers 238

Colonel Chivington's Battle with Red Men 240

A Pioneer Woman's Hardship 246

The Indian and Buffalo disappearing 253

Stage Line across the Plains 256

Progress in carrying Mails 259

The Pony Express 261

Growth of Business 264

Railroad across the Continent 266

First and Last Depot 260

What Indians thought of Railroads 271

Ten Miles built in One Day 273

United States Government vindicated 274

Growth of Population 276

RAILROADS OVER MOUNTAINS.

Through the Royal Gorge 278

Over Marshall Pass 280

Trip through Platte Canon 283

CONTENTS. ix

PAGE

Heavy Work and Timber Line 285

Through Chalk Creek Canon and Alpine Tunnel 287

Around the Palisades 291

The Runaway Train 293

Snowbound and Snow-Sheds 296

Over Veta Pass with its Wonders 300

Crossing Sangre de Christo Range and Whiplash Railway 301

Through Toltec Tunnel 305

The Garfield Monument " 308

Dogtown and Beavertown 309

Through Animas Canon 312

The Switchback and Loop 314

Over the Raton Mountains 317

The Loop at Tehachapi Pass 317

Rounding Cape Horn 318

American River Canon and the Calumet Railroad 320

Railway Hospitals 323

Missouri River and Marant Gulch Railroad Bridge 324

Mammoth Ferry-Boat 327

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

Omaha, Nebraska : Buildings show Enterprise ; School-House ; Court-

House 329

Portland, Oregon : View of it, and Business ; High School ; Newspapers ;

Business Block; Contrast; State-House; Insane Asylum 332

Tacoma, W. T. : Thrift; Hotel; Business Blocks ; House of Worship; Seminary; School-House 337

Butte City, Montana: Business Boom; View of City; Court-House;

Churches; Schools; Helena 341

Idaho : Origin of Name ; View of Boise City ; Capitol Square 345

Cheyenne, Wyoming: Early History; School-House 350

First and Last Capitol of Kansas 351

Gunnison City, Colorado : Magic Growth ; Costly Hotel 351

Denver, Colorado : Desert and Garden ; Growth and Business ; Union Depot; First and Last Capitol; Tabor Opera House; Windsor Hotel; Superior Public Schools; Dr. Philbrick's Testimony; High School Building ; Libraries ; Private Schools ; Churches 355

GROWTH OF COLONIES.

Greeley, Colorado : Its History, by Cameron ; Foundation Principles ; High School ; First Place of Worship ; First and Last Hotel ; Business Blocks

.- CONTENTS.

PAGE

and Business; Anti-Saloon Measure ; Life of Meeker; Capture of Mrs.

Meeker and Daughter 367

Colorado Springs : The Antlers ; Location and Description of the Town ;

College 389

THE PACIFIC SLOPE.

San Francisco, California : Gold and Business ; Progress of the City ; State Capitol ; City Hall ; Palace Hotel ; Lick Observatory ; Palatial Residences ; Remarkable Health Resorts ; a Hundred Years from Now . . . 391

THE MORMON SETTLEMENT.

Great Business Enterprise ; Description of Salt Lake City ; Thrift in Agri^

culture 404

RAILROAD KINGS.

Brief Biographies: Oakes Ames; Oliver Ames; C. P. Huntington;

Charles Crocker; Leland Stanford; Sidney Dillon; David H. Moffat, 406

IV. Marvels Of Mining

Discovery of Gold by Marshall in 1848 429

Captain Sutter and the End 430

Richness of the Mines 431

Remarkable Increase of Population 433

Immense Fortunes realized ^-.r

Industrial Mining Exposition 435

The Prospector , . . . . 4.-38

Intelligence and Tact Indispensable 440

Stumbling upon Mines ^2

Placer Mining ^

Gulch Mining

*=> 449

Hydraulic Mining

* • 449

Lode Mining

"^ 450

Drift Mining

,...'' 451

Gomg mto a Mine

Weights, Values, and Measurements ..^

Reduction of Ores : Stamp Mill ; Quartz Mill 4^0

Smelting ^

* 462

CONTENTS. xi

PAGE

Leadville: Its Sudden Growth. — Location. — Hotel. — Art Palace. — Appearance of City. — Business. — Schools and School-Houses. — Its Bullion Output. — Origin of the Gold-Find. — Bonanza Mines. — Mines

Inexhaustible 463

Profits of Mining 478

Leading Mines of Colorado 479

The Mariposa Estate • 480

The Mother Lode 483

Richest Mines in California 484

Nuggets 487

Arizona: Silver-Bearing. — Apaches hinder. — Great Mines 490

Dakota, and its Richest Mines 493

Idaho and its Wealthy Mines 494

Montana, and its Wonderful Bullion Product 496

Nevada: Its Harvest of Silver. — The Famous Comstock Lode, and its

Fabulous Yield 500

New Mexico : Present Mining Output and Future Promise 503

Utah : Wealth of its Gold and Silver Mines. — Rich Iron Mines .... 506

Wyoming: Gold. — Copper. — Coal 509

Oregon and Washington: Estimate of the Director of the United States

Mint 511

Product of Precious Metals in the New West 512

Will the Mines fail ? 514

Additional Facts and Statistics 514

Gems 520

Morals of Mining Camps 520

Mining Kings: Horace A. W. Tabor, John L. Routt, John P. Jones, James

V. Marvels Of Stock-raising

Paradise of Stock-Raisers: Immense Herds of the New West. — Acres of

Grazing Lands. — How it was from 1850-70. 535

What Cattle eat : Description of the Grasses ^ 538

The Cattle Ranch: How to get one. — Cattle on the Range. — The

Stockman on Duty 541

Profits of Stock-Raising : Estimate by Dakota Editor. — Hayes. — Fosset. — One Cow's Family. — Estimate by Clark and Ulm. — Whigham. — Other Estimates and Facts. — A Scotchman's Estimate. — Dressed Beef, 547

^.^ CONTENTS.

PAGE

The Cowboy: Not understood. — His Defence by the Oregon Editor.—

An Incident 5^1

The Round-up: What it is, and where. — Citizen joining the Round-up.— Description by a Kansas Ranchman. — Perils of the Round-up. — Description of Horses used. — Cattle-Brands. —" Cutting Out." — Branding Calves. — Beef Round-up. — Driving Cattle to Railroad. — " Blabbing Calves." — The Chicago Stockyards. — Cattle in Extreme Cold. —The Enemies of Cattle and Horses. — The Herd and Prairie Fire .... 568

The Sheep Ranch: Extent of the Business. — Estimate of Profits by Hayes. — By Idaho Official. — By Fossett. — In Montana. — In Kansas. — Other Facts. — Breeds. — Shearing. — Sheep on Union Pacific Railroad.—Life on Sheep Ranch. — Incidents on a Ranch. — Latest Sheep Rack. — Sheep thrive in all lands 594

A Woman on a Cattle Ranch 608

Cattle Kings: John H. Iliff, Jared L. Brush, Charles Lux, R. G. Head,

Thomas H. Lawrence, John W. Snyder, John T. Lytle 616

VI. Marvels Of Agriculture

The Facts too Large for Belief 628

Now, the Facts not Large enough 630

Current Reports from Journals of the Day 631

Methods of Agriculture: How a Farm of 30,000 Acres is plowed. — Steam-Plowing. — History of Wheat-Harvesting. — Seeding Wheat. — Wonders of Harvesting. — Words of Another. — Threshing by Steam. — Wheat and Blizzards. — Real Facts about Land " Unfit for Cultivation " . 637 Kansas: The Hub. — The Geographical Centre. — " Corn is King." — Sound Corn. — Facts about Wheat. — The Status of Oats and Other Products.

— Income and Value of Farms. — The Floral Wealth of Kansas. — Broom Corn. — Tree-Planting 649

Nebraska: Originates "Arbor Day." — Generous Laws. — Her Example

Contagious. — United States Government Aids 658

Railroad Companies planting Trees 659

Montana: Pioneer Farmers and their Success. — What Agricultural Bureau

says. — Strahom on Montana, with Figures that won't lie 662

Dakota : An Empire. — Exhibit at New Orleans. — Words of E. V. Smalley.

— A Great Wheat Farm. — The Dalrymple Farm of 75,000 Acres. — Amusing and Instructive Letter. — A Stubborn Fact 671

CONTENTS. xiii

PAGE

Idaho: Its Great Resources. — How 300,000 Acres are opened to Settlers.

— Testimony of Two Eye-Witnesses 678

California: The Cornucopia of the World. — Its Two Seasons. — Remarkable Growths. — Words of Nordhoif. — Hop- Raising. — Raisin-Making.

— Wine-Making. — Orange Culture. — Alfalfa. — Miscellaneous Facts . 682 Colorado: Its Agricultural Domain. — Marvellous Parks. — Testimony of

Farmers in San Luis Park. — Reports of Immense Products 695

Arizona : Its Large Area of Fertile Land. — Report of Several Experiments.

— Other Facts 698

Wyoming and Washington : Proofs of Fertility. — Letter of a Resident . 699 Irrigation: Its Advantage. — Remarks of a Writer. — Ditch in Kansas. —

Irrigation by Flooding. — Great Land Scheme. — Irrigating in San Luis Park. — Extent of Irrigation in Colorado, with J. Max Clark's Description of it. — Cost of Irrigation. — Irrigating an Orchard in California. — Underground Irrigation 702