A manual of the diseases of the eye

Front matter

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DISEASES OF THE EYE

Preface

THE FOURTH EDITION.

The present edition of this work has been extensively revised. I have entirely re-written the chapters on Errors of Refraction of the Eye, and also those on Diseases of the Choroid, Optic Nerve and Retina. My endeavour in the following pages has been to describe the practice carried on in a large Ophthalmic Hospital, rather than to discuss the views of various authorities on ophthalmology. Not that I ignore the value of the work which is being done by surgeons in this and other parts of the world, but to a large extent the result of their labours is sifted out in hospital practice, and much of what is sound clings to, and infuses itself into, our everyday work, and will therefore, I hope, be found fairly described in this volume. My efforts have been directed towards producing a work from which students may learn the diagnosis, pathology and treatment of diseases of the eye, and to which busy practitioners

PREFACE.

may refer for definite information when in doubt as to the nature of ophthalmic cases under their care.

I am much indebted to my friend, Dr. G. L. Johnson, for the able description of the Anatomy of the Eye which he has written for me, and which will be found in the opening pages of this volume. My best thanks are also due to Mr. Albert Leahy, one of my colleagues at the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital, for the kind help he has given me in revising a portion of these pages as they passed through the press.

13, Grosvenor Street, W.

Chapter I. The Anatomy Of The Eye

The Anatomy of the Capsule of Tenon — Muscles of the Eye — Sclerotic — Cornea — Angle of Anterior Chamber — Lymphatic System of the Eye — Vitreous — Canal of Petit — Lens — Tunica Vasculosa — The Ciliary Muscle — Iris and Retina — The Accommodation of the Eye pp. 1—24

Chapter II. Examination Of The Eye

Methods employed in examining the Eye and Lachrymal Apparatus — Tension of Eyeball — Tests for Colour-Blindness — Test Types — Visual Field — The Ophthalmoscope : its Principle and Use — Ophthalmoscopic Appearances of the Healthy Eye. . pp. 25 — 44

Chapter III. Diseases Of The Orbit

Injuries of the Orbit — Diseases of the Bones — Inflammation of the Cellular Tissue — Orbital Growths and Tumours — Dislocation of the Globe of the Eye — Extirpation of the Eyeball — Diseases of the Lachrymal Gland . pp. 45 — 77

Chapter IV. Diseases Of The Eyelids

Wounds and Injuries — Inflammation — Ulceration — Tumours — Paralysis — Spasm — Abnormal position of Eyelids and Eyelashes — Entropium — Ectropium — Trichiasis — Adhesions — GEdema — Emphysema — Styes — Tinea Ciliaris — Lice — Herpes — Chrom-hydrosis.pp.78 — 120

CONTENTS.

Chapter V. Diseases Of The Lachrymal Passages

Displacement and Obstructions of the Puncta and Canaliculi — Inflammation of the Sac — Obstruction of the Nasal Duct — Defective Secretion of Lachrymal Gland — Epiphora — Lachiymal Cysts and Fistulse pp. 121 — 131

Chapter VI. Diseases Of The Sclerotic

Hyperemia — Episcleritis — Ulceration — Sclero-Choroiditis Anterior — Wounds and Injuries — Tumours pp. 132 — 139

Chapter VII. Diseases Of The Conjunctiva

Hypersemic — Muco-purulent — Purulent — Diphtheritic — Granular — Pustular Conjunctivitis — Injuries of the Conjunctiva — Hypertrophy and Atrophy — Pterygium — Relaxation — Serous and Bloody Effusions into the Conjunctiva — Tumours of the Conjunctiva — Disease of the Caruncle pp. 140 — 191

Chapter VIII. Diseases Of The Cornea

Keratitis — Keratitis Punctata — Acute Suppurative Keratitis — Subacute — Ulceration — Hernia — Staphyloma — Fistula — Opacities — Vascular Opacity — Conical Cornea — Spherical Pellucid Protrusion of Cornea — Injuries of the Cornea — Abrasions — Contusions — Penetrating Wounds — Foreign Bodies — Arcus Senilis — Tumours pp. 192 — 241

Chapter IX. Diseases Of The Iris

Hypersemia — Plastic, Serous, Parenchymatous Iritis — Treatment — Synechia — Treatment of — Corelysis in Synechia — Iridectomy — Traumatic Iritis — Wounds of the Iris — Detachment — Tumours — Mydriasis — Myosis — Tremulous Iris — Hippus — Artificial Pupil — Excision of Iris — Iridesis — Iridectomy — Cyclitis — Plastic, Serous and Purulent Cyclitis— Sympathetic Cyclitis . . pp. 242—294

CONTENTS.

Chapter X. Diseases Of The Choroid

Changes in the Hexagonal Cells and Lamina Vitrea — Choroiditis

Disseminata — Acute Serous Choroiditis (Glaucoma Fulminans)

Suppurative Choroiditis — Extravasation of Blood into the Choroid — Tumours — Tubercle and Wounds of Choroid — Posterior Staphyloma (Sclero-Choroiditis Posterior) pp. 295 — 316

Chapter XI. Diseases Of The Optic Nerve

Opaque Nerve-fibres — CEdema of the Optic Papilla — Malarial, and from Hypermetropia — Hyperemia of Papilla — Optic Neuritis — Pathology and Symptoms — Syphilitic, Nephritic and Malarial Neuro-Retinitis — Anaemia and Atrophy of Papilla — from Tobacco and Lead Poisoning ; in Tabes Dorsalis .... pp. 317 — 338

Chapter XII. Excavation Of Optic Disc — Glaucoma

Excavation of Optic Disc — Glaucoma — Pathology — Symptoms — Treatment pp. 339—351

Chapter XIII. Diseases Of The Retina

Hyperemia of the Retina — Retinitis — Retinitis Albuminurica — Retinitis Pigmentosa — Haemorrhage into the Retina — Retinitis Apoplectica — Embolia of Central Artery of Retina — Detachment of the Retina — Glioma of the Retina — Hemeralopia — Snow- Blindness — Colour-Blindness — Hemiopia — Scotoma — Amblyopia — Amaurosis pp. 352 — 391

Chapter XIV. Diseases Of The Vitreous

Hyalitis — Muscae— Opacity: Syphilitic and Anaemic — Films — Sparkling Synchysis — Haemorrhage— Entozoa — Foreign Bodies, pp. 393 — 400

CONTENTS.

Chapter XV. Diseases Of The Lens

Pathology of Cataract — Lenticular Cataracts — Soft — Cortical — Hard — Treatment — Preparation of Patient — Operation — Depression — Solution — Flap Extraction — Modifications — Linear Extraction — Traction Operation — Modified Linear Extraction — Linear Extrac tion without Iridectomy — Choice of an Operation — Capsular Cataract— Traumatic Cataract — Dislocations of the Lens, pp.401 — 448

Chapter XVI. Paralysis Of The Muscles Of The Eye — Strabismus

Innervation and Action of Muscles — Diplopia — Direct— Crossed — Angles of Squinting — Paralysis — Causes of — Treatment — Shortening of Muscles — Strabismus — Pathology— Convergent — Divergent — Symptoms— Treatment — Nystagmus pp. 449 — 471