History of the viceroys of Ireland; with notices of the Castle of Dublin and its chief occupants in former times

Front matter

■He

^H W fl

HISTORY

Preface

From the number of works styled " Irish histories/' published in the present century, it might be supposed that little remained to be told of the Viceroys, or representatives of the Kings of England in Ireland. The authors of such compilations, however, relied upon the statements of those who had preceded them, in the same path, and neither examined primary Irish sources, nor consulted the archives of England and Ireland, which form a main and authentic basis for Anglo-Irish history. Thus, hitherto, there has not been published even an accurate Catalogue of the Viceroys of Ireland.

To precise archivistic inquiry a serious impediment is still imposed, by the condition of the Irish Public Records, to which I called

Vlll PREFACE.

special attention, some years ago, in the Preface to my " History of the City of Dublin/' Through the expenditure authorized by Parliament, great improvements have been, of late, made in the arrangement and calendaring of portions of the public muniments of England ; but the Imperial Legislature has not conceded similar advantages to Ireland. Ancient muniments of the English Government in the latter country, still remain without published indices or reliable calendars ; and the efforts made by the Archaeologists of Ireland to obtain proper measures in this respect have, as yet, proved ineffective.

Even with the aid of accurate catalogues, the elimination of truths, and the collation of evidences in writings, ranging from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, in Gaelic, obsolete Latin, and Anglo-Norman, is a task involving serious labour. Such work, moreover, demands special knowledge, to be acquired only by a long and careful study of the languages and bearings of antique documents.

A minute examination and analysis of

PEE FACE. IX

muniments and state papers can alone enable the historian to determine the credit due to narrations of chroniclers and genealogists, usually influenced by personal interests, or local prejudices. This comparison is pre-eminently necessary in connexion with the history of Ireland, where the investigator of past events finds, co-existing on the same soil, two races, differing essentially in language, laws, customs, and aspirations.

In this volume, an attempt is made to embody, in narrative form, the results of a collation of printed and unpublished documents and chronicles, bearing upon the chief administrators of the English Government in Ireland, from its establishment, to the termination of the reign of Henry VII., in 1509. From this period the history will be resumed in the next series.

With the general details have been combined, in the present volume, so far as the meagre authentic materials admit, biographical notices of the more important personages connected with Anglo-Irish affairs

X PEEFACE.

from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. Facts and circumstances hitherto misunderstood or unnoticed, but which exercised important influence, through Ireland, on England, are here elucidated, for the first time, from unpublished sources. A comparison of this work, with those already extant on the same portion of Anglo-Irish history, will consequently exhibit, how widely the details, now given, differ from the statements of preceding writers.

Documents and extracts from hitherto imprinted and little known archives, in their original languages, but unobscured by the contractions in which they were written, will be found in the notes. The latter have been appended to this volume, after the mode adopted by Luden, in his work on Germany, and followed by Sir Francis Palgrave, in the History of Normandy and England.

CHAPTER I. Clan Government in Ireland - - 1

Bardic Dublin -------- 2

Tristram and Isolde . - - - 3

Dublin of the Norsemen - - - -4

Scandinavian Legends ------ 5

The MacMurragh Clan - 8

Dermod, King of Leinster - - - - 9

1166 Deposal of King Dermod - 10

His Appeal to Henry II. - 11

Richard Fitz-Gislebert - - - - - - 12

1169 Progress of Dermod and his allies - - - - 14

1170 Fitz-Gislebert arrives in Ireland - - - - 15

1171 Death of King Dermod - - - - - - 16

Anglo-Normans beseiged in Dublin - - - - 17

Irish Camp surprised - - - - - - 19

Anglo-Normans assailed by Norsemen - - - 20

Repulse of the Norsemen - - - - -21

Irish Allies of the Anglo-Normans - - - 22

Murder of Archbishop Becket, 1170 - - - 23

Preparations for expedition to Ireland 24

1171 Henry II. lands near Waterford 25 Character of Henry II. - - - - - - 26

Henry II. in Ireland - - - - - -27

Luxuries of the Normans ------ 28

Proceedings of Henry II. - - - - - 29

1172 The Anglo-Norman Colony - - - - - 31

Xii CONTENTS.

AD. FAGB

1172 Difficulties of Henry II. - - 32

The First Viceroy for Ireland - - 33

Henry II. departs from Ireland 34

CHAPTEE II.

HENRY II. — RICHARD I. — AND JOHN.

1172 Hugues de Lasci ------- 35

Death of O'Ruarc - - 36

Movements of Fitz-Gislebert - - - - 37

Anglo-Normans and Irish - 38

1173 Viceroyalty of Fitz-Gislebert - 39

1176 Death of Fitz-Gislebert - ... 40 Raymond le Gros, Viceroy - - - - 41

1177 Viceroyalty of Guillaivme Fitz-Aldelm de Burgh - 42 Jean de Curci - - - - - - - -43

John nominated " Lord of Ireland " 44

1181 Anglo-Norman Archbishop of Dublin - - - 45

Pope Urban and Prince John - - - - - 46

1184 Phillippe de Worcester, Justiciary - - - - 47 Henry II. and the Patriarch - - - - - 48

1185 Prince John in Ireland ... 49 Jean de Curci, Justiciary - - - - - - 51

1186 Murder of Hugues de Lasci - - - - 52 The Anglo-Norman Settlement - - - - 53

1189 John, Lord of Ireland - - 54

Hugues de Lasci, the younger, Justiciary - - 55

1191 Guillaume le Petit, „ - - - 55

Guillaume, Earl Marshal, „ 55

1194 Pierre Piparcl, „ - - 56

1197 Ham on de Valognes, „ - - - 57

1199 Meiller Fitz-Henri, „ - - 58

1203 Hugues de Lasci, Viceroy 59

De Curci, Earl of Ulster - - 60

Feuds between De Curci and De Lasci - - - 61

CONTENTS. XI 11

1203 Stories of De Curci - - 62 Affreca, wife of De Curci - - - - . - - 63

1204 Meiller Fitz Henri, Viceroy - - - - 64

Writ for a new Castle at Dublin 64

Title of Chief Justiciary - - - - - - 64

Kings of England and their Viceroys 65

1205 Hugues de Lasci, Viceroy ----- 65 1208 Viceroy defeated at Thurles - - - - 66

Guillaume and Matilda de Braose - - - -67

King John's relations with De Braose - - - 68

1210 John levies an Army for Ireland - - 69

King John excommunicated - - - - 70

He lands in Ireland - - - - - - 71

John's movements in Ireland ----- 72

King John and Matilda de Braose - 73

Proceedings of John in Ireland 74

John departs from Ireland - - - - 75

Matilda de Braose and her companions starved - - 76

Viceroyalty of De Gray, Bishop of Norwich - - 76

1213 Archbishop Henri de Londres, Viceroy - - 77

1215 His connection with " Magna Charta " - - 77

Geoffroi de Marreis, Viceroy ----- 78

Legends of the exiled De Lascies - - - 78

King John and the De Lascies - 79

Chapter III. Henry III. — Edward I

1216 French Queen of England invited to Ireland - - 80

1217 Tax imposed on Colony - 81

1218 The Viceroy, De Marreis, summoned to England - 82

1220 Compact betAveen Henry III. and De Marreis - - 83 Securities for Viceroy's fidelity ----- 84

1221 Henri, "Scorch-villein," Archbishop of Dublin, Viceroy 85 1223 His proceedings - - 86

XIV CONTENTS.

1223 Viceroyalty of Archbishop Henri, 87 He is reprimanded by Henry III. 88

1224 Viceroyalty of Guillanme, second Earl of Pembroke - 89

1226 Salary assigned to Viceroy ----- 90 Third Viceroyalty of De Marreis - - - - 91

1227 Eichard de Burgh, Viceroy - - - 92 1229 Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy, - - - 93

1232 Hubert de Burgh, Justiciary ----- 93 Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy - - - - - 93 Eichard, Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster - - 94 Grants in Ireland to Pierre de Eivaulx - - 94 Plot against Earl Eichard Marechal - - - - 95

1233 Death of the Earl Eichard - 97 Consternation of Colonists - - - . - 98 Gislebert Marechal, Lord of Leinster - - - 98 Guillaume de Marreis conspires against Henry III. - 99 Fate of Geoffroi and Guillaume de Marreis - - 99 Supplies drawn from Ireland to England - - 99 Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy - - - - - 100

1244 Irish Soldiery in Wales - - - 100 Heirs of Anglo-Norman Lords in Ireland - - 101

1245 Jean Fitz-Geoffroi, Viceroy - - - - - 102

1254 Prince Edward nominated Lord of Ireland - 103

1255 Alain de la Zouche, Viceroy ... - 103

1259 Estienne " De Longe Espee " - - - - 104

Emmeline, Countess of Ulster 105

Guillaume le Dene, Viceroy - - - - - 106

Geraldines defeated at Callan 106

Thomas Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald, " of the ape " - 106

1261 Sir Eichard de la Eochelle, Viceroy - - 107 Entrenchment of Eoss - - - - - 107

1266 Jean Fitz-Geoffroi, Viceroy - 107

1268 Eobert D'Ufford, „ - - 107

1269 Eichard D'Exeter, ' - - 107

CONTENTS. x V

1270 Viceroyalty of Jacques D'Audeley, - - - 108

1272 Maurice Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy - - 108 Viceroy taken prisoner - - - - - - 108

1273 Geoffroi de Joinville, Lord of Vaucouleur and Meath,

1276 Kobert D'Ufford, Viceroy - - 108

1277 Estevene de Foleburne, Bishop of Waterford, Viceroy 109 1287 John de Saundford, Archbishop of Dublin, „ - 111 1290 Guillaume de Vesci, Lord of Kildare, - ,, - 111

Feud between De Vesci and Fitz-Thonias - - - 1 1 1

1293 Guillaume de la Haye, Viceroy - - - - - 112

1294 Guillaume D'Odingselles, „ - H2

1295 Thomas Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy - - 112 1306 Sir Jean Wogan, Viceroy - - - - - 112

Chapter IV. Edward II

1307 The Anglo-Norman Colony - - - - - 113

Native Irish and Colonists - - - - 114

Parliaments of Colonists - - - - - 115

Castle of King of England at Dublin - - - - 1 1 6

Colonial Law Courts and Exchequer - - 1 1 7

Fiscal arrangements of Colony - - - - - 119

Salaries of Viceroys - - - - - - -120

Viceregal military arrangements - - - 121

Sir Jean Wogan, Viceroy - 125

The Knights of the Temple - - - - 122

The Templars in Ireland - - - - - - 123

Seizure of Templars - 124

Accusations against Templars in Ireland - - - 125 Wars with Clans on Dublin Borders - - - 125 Glenmalur, New-Castle Mac-Kinegan, and Castle- Kevin ------- - 126

1308 Sir Guillaume de Burgh, Viceroy - - - - 126

XVI CONTENTS.

1308 Piers cle Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, Viceroy - - 126 Eichard cle Burgh, " Eed Earl " of Ulster - 127

1309 Parliament of Colonists at Kilkenny - - - 128 Dissensions among Settlers - - - - - 129 Proposed Dublin University - - - - - 130

1312 Edmond le Botiller, Viceroy - - - 130

1314 Theobaude de Verdun, „ - 131 Irish Alliance with Scotland - - - - - 1 32 Edward Bruce invited to Ireland - - - 133 De Bisset and De Lascies - - - - - 133

1315 Edward Bruce lands in Ulster - - - - - 134 The " Red Earl" defeated - - 134 Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland - - - 1 35

1316 The Viceroy, Le Botiller, routed - - - - 135

Creation of Earldom of Kildare - - - - 136

Roger de Mortimer, Viceroy, defeated - - - 136

Bruce and his Allies excommunicated - - - 137

Seige of Carrickfergus Castle - - - - - 1 38

Attempt of De Man deville to surprize the besiegers - 138

Robert Bruce in Ireland - - - - - -139

The Braces and their Irish Allies march southwards - 1 39

Progress of the Braces - - - - - - 140

King Robert Brace at Limerick - - - - 140

1317 Roger de Mortimer, Viceroy - - - - 141 Robert Brace returns to Scotland - - - - 142 Guillaume Fitz-Jean, Archbishop of Cash el, Viceroy - 142 Colonists defeated by Irish - - - - - 143 Muster of Colonists against Bruce - - - - 144 Edward Bruce and Jean de Bermingham - - - 145

1318 Battle at Faughard ----- - 146

Edward Brace slain - - - - - - -146

Earldom of Louth created - - - - - 147

Depreciation of lands of settlers - - - - 148

Treatment of Brace's allies - - - - - 148

Results In Ireland of Brace's Invasion - - - 149

CONTENTS. XV11

Chapter V

edward ii., continued. — EDWARD III.

1320 Thomas Fitz-John Fitz-Gerald, Viceroy - - 150 Colonial University opened at Dublin - - - 150

1321 Jean de Bermingham, Earl of Louth, Viceroy - - 150

1322 Ralph de Gorges, „ - 151 Sir Jean D'Arcy, „ - - 151 Ecclesiastical and lay settlers 152

1324 Dame Alice le Kyteler - - - - - - 153

Sorcerers and Heretics - - - - - -154

Necromancy in Kilkenny 155

Dame Alice prosecuted for sorcery - - - - 156

De Ledrede, Bishop of Ossoiy, and Arnold le Poer - 157

Contests in Kilkenny 158

Colonial Nobles and Ecclesiastics - - - - 159

The Viceroy, D'Arcy, and the Sorceress - - - 160

Sorceress burned at Kilkenny - - - - - 161

1326 Edward II. sails for Ireland - - - - - 162 Thomas, second Earl of Kildare, Viceroy - - - 162

1327 Wars between settlers - - - - - - 163

The Irish of Leinster 164

1328 Prior Roger Utlagh, Viceroy - - 165 Robert Bruce revisits Ireland - - - - - 165 Contest between Bishop de Ledrede and Arnold le Poer 165

1329 Viceroy accused of heresy 166

Edward III. and Bishop de Ledrede - - - - 167

Strife among Colonial Lords - - - - - 168

1328 Earldom of Ormonde created - - - - - 169 Family of Le Botiller, or Butler - - - - 1 70 Geraldines of Desmond - - - - - - 171

1329 Earldom of Desmond created 172

Earl of Louth slain by settlers - - - - - 173

Contentions among Southern Colonists - - 173

XV111 CONTENTS.

A.D. fAGB

1329 Introduction of "Coigne and Livery" - 174

1331 Settlers oppressed by Colonial Lords - 175 William de Burgh, Lieutenant of Edward III. - - 176 Sir Antoine de Lucy, Justiciary - - - - 176 His connection with Colonists - - - - - 176 Proposed Irish Expedition of Edward III. - 178 Preparations for royal voyage to Ireland - - 179

1332 Lord William de Bermingham hanged by De Lucy - 180 Sir Jean D'Arcy, Viceroy - - - - - 181 Edward's Irish Expedition deferred - - 181 William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster - - - - 182

1333 Earl of Ulster murdered by colonists - - 183 Sir Jean D'Arcy, Viceroy - - 183 Sir Thomas de Burgh, Viceroy - - - - - 184 Secession of De Burghs in Connaught - 184 Eastern Ulster occupied by O'Neills - - 185 Corruption of Colonial Officials - - 186

1337 Sir John de Cherlton, Viceroy - - 186

1338 Viceroyalty of Bishop de Cherlton - - 187

1340 Prior Eoger Utlagh, Viceroy - - - - 187

Sir Jean D'Arcy, Viceroy, - - - 187

Irish inroads on Colony - - - - - - 188

Compacts with Irish Chiefs - - - - - 189

1341 Edward III. ejects colonial officials - - - 190 " English by blood," and " English by birth." - - 191 Sir John Moriz, Deputy Governor, - - 192 Convention of colonists at Kilkenny, - - - 192 Petition from English of Ireland - - - - 193

Edward III. and Colonists - - - - - 194

Family of Le Sauvage, - - - - - - 195

Stories of Henri and Bobert Le Sauvage - - 195

CONTENTS. XIX

Chapter VI

edward in., continued.

1344 Sir Eaoul D'Ufford, Viceroy ----- 197 Settlers in Connaught and Ulster - - - - 198 Government of Sir Eaoul D'Ufford - - - - 199

1345 D'Ufford opposed by first Earl of Desmond - - 200

1346 Viceroy dies at Kilmainham ----- 201

Sir Roger D'Arcy, Viceroy 202

Sir John Moriz, Viceroy ------ 202

Maud, Countess of Ulster ------ 202

Irish at Crecy and Calais ------ 203

1348 Walter de Bermingham, Viceroy - 204

1349 John de Carew -„--... 205 Thomas deRokeby, „ - - - - - 205 Dealings with border Chiefs - 206

1353 Colonists prohibited to quit Ireland - 207

1355 Defences against border Irish ----- 208

Parliaments of Colonists ------ 209

State of Settlement - - - - - - - 210

Maurice, first Earl of Desmond, Viceroy - - - 211

1356 Thomas de Rokeby, Viceroy - - - - - 211

1357 Almaric de St. Amand, Viceroy - - - - 212 Pilgrims to St. Patrick's Purgatory - - - - 213 Heads of Irish impaled on Dublin Castle - - - 214

1359 James, second Earl of Ormonde, Viceroy - - - 214 Prince Lionel, Earl of Ulster - - - - -215

1361 Edward III. and absentee proprietors - - - 216 Prince Lionel appointed Viceroy - - - 217

1362 Lionel created Duke of Clarence - 218 Viceroyalty of Lionel - - - - - - 219

Froissart and Crystede - - - - - - 221

Story of Crystede ------- 222

Crystede returns to England - - 223

XX CONTENTS.

1367 Parliament of colonists convened by Lionel - 224 The Statute of Kilkenny - - - - 225 Gerald, fourth Earl of Desmond, Viceroy - - - 227 English Chancellor for Ireland taken prisoner - - 228

1368 Continuous resistance of Irish ----- 229 Statute enacted at Guildford, against Absentees - 230

1369 Sir William de Windsor, Viceroy - - - 231 Complaints against him - - - - - - 231

1369 De Pembridge declines Viceroyalty - 232

1371-2 Earl of Kildare and Sir Robert Asheton, Governors - 233

1372 Prior William de Taney, Governor - - - 233

1374 De Windsor's second Viceroyalty - - - - 234

Mission of Sir Nicholas de Dagworth ... 235

Colonial Parliament refuses to grant subsidy - - 235

Representatives from Colony summoned to England - 236

Right to resident Parliament in Ireland asserted - 237

Edward III., Alice Perrers, and De Windsor - - 238

Dagworth' s commission revoked - - - - 239

Attacks on English Settlement - - - - 240

1376 Maurice, fourth Earl of Kildare, Viceroy - 240

James, second Earl of Ormonde, „ - - - 241

Chapter VII. Richard II

1377 James, Earl of Ormonde, Viceroy - - - 242

Treaties with Irish ------- 243

1378-9 Alexander de Balscot and John de Bromwich,

Governors 243

English legislation against absentees - 244

1380 Edmund de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster,

1381 He dies at Cork - - - 247 Viceroyalty declined by Ormonde and Desmond - 247 Dean John de Colton, Viceroy - - - - - 248

CONTENTS. XXI

A.D. PAr'E

1 381-2 Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, Viceroy 249

Colonial Parliament and Viceroy - - - - 250

Irish Friar arraigns Duke of Lancaster, 1384 - - 251

Friar Latimer murdered in London - - - - 251

1383 Philip de Courtenay, of Powderham, Viceroy - - 252

1385 Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, „- - 253

De Vere Marquis of Dublin - ... 254

1385 His Deputy, Sir John Stanley ----- 254 Charges against the Viceroy, De Courtenay - - 254

1386 Creation of Duke of Ireland - - - 255 De Vere proposed as King for Ireland ... 256

1388 English exiles in Ireland - - 257 Bishop of Chichester exiled to Ireland - - - 258 Mother of Duke of Ireland — Her loyalty to Richard II. 259

1389 Sir John de Stanley, Viceroy ----- 260 State of colonial towns - - - - - - 261

1391 James, third Earl of Ormonde, Viceroy - - - 262

Ormonde purchases Kilkenny Castle - - - - 263

Anglo-Irish retire to England - - - - 264

1393 Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, appointed Viceroy - 264

His commission revoked - 264

Richard II, prepares to visit Ireland - 265

1394 He lands at Waterford ------ 265

Art Mac Murragh, King of Leinster - - - 266

Richard II. in Ireland - - - - - - 267

1395 Richard's account of the Irish ----- 268 Irish and Edward the Confessor - - - - 269 Thomas Mowbray, Lord of Carlo w - - - - 270 Richard II. and Irish Chiefs - - - - - 271 Richard returns to England - - - - - 272 Roger de Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, Viceroy 273

His estates in Ireland - 273

Pilgrimage of Ramon de Perellos - - - - 275

Sir "William Le Scrop, Justiciary - - - - 276

1397 Sir Thomas de Mortimer protected by native Irish - 277

1398 The Viceroy, Roger de Mortimer, slain - - - 278

XXU CONTENTS.

1398 Reginald Grey, Viceroy - - 278 Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey, Viceroy - - 279 Second Irish expedition of Richard II. 280

1399 He lands at Waterford - - - 280 His contest with Art Mac Murragh - - - - 282 Interview between Mac Murragh and Gloucester - 283 Richard II. and Duke of Albermarle - 284

1399 Treachery of Albemarle - - 285

Richard II. and Prince Henry of Lancaster - 286

Departure of Richard II. from Ireland - - 287

Chapter VIII. Henry IV. — Henry V. — Henry VI

1399 State of English settlement in Ireland - - 288

Position of native Irish - - - - 289

Ignorance and chicane of colonial legal officials - - 290

Colonists plundered and oppressed - - - - 291

Accession of Henry IV., 1399 - - 292

Alexander de Balscot, Viceroy - - - - 292

Sir John de Stanley „----- 292

Town of Galway seized by Mac AVilliam - - 293

1401 Prince Thomas of Lancaster, Viceroy - 294

Difficulties of Prince Thomas - - - - - 295

His Deputy, Sir Stephen le Scrop - - - - 296

Prince Thomas and border Irish - - - 297

State of Anglo-Irish towns - - - - - 298

1404-5 Earls of Ormonde and Kildare, Deputy-Governors - 299

1406 Viceregal agreement with Henry IV. - - - 299

1408 Death of Sir Stephen le Scrop - - 300

Sir John Fastolf in Ireland - 300

Return of Prince Thomas as Viceroy - - 300

His Deputy, Prior Thomas le Botiller - 300

1413 Sir John de Stanley, Viceroy - - - 301

Viceroy satirized by Irish Bards - - 301

CONTENTS. XX 111

1413 Government of Thomas Cranley, Archbishop of Dublin 302

Mayor of Waterford captures O'Driscol, by stratagem 303

Complaints against Archbishop Cranley - - - 303

Sir John Talbot, Viceroy - - - 304

His claims on lands in Ireland ----- 304

Talbot attacks border Irish - - - - - 305

1416 Memorial from Colonists - - 306

Thomas, Earl of Desmond, deposed - - 307

Anglo-Irish in England - - - 308

1418 Prior le Botiller at siege of Rouen - 309 Complaints against Sir John Talbot - - - - 310

1419 Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin, Deputy

1420 James, fourth Earl of Ormonde, Viceroy, - - 312 GrieArances of Colonists, - - - - - - 313

Proposed Crusade against native Irish, - - 314

1423 Ormonde arraigned by Sir John Talbot, - - 315

Charges against Ormonde, - - - - - 316

Contests with Irish of Ulster, ----- 317

Edmund cle Mortimer, Earl of March and Ulster, Viceroy 318

His Deputy, Edward Dantsey, - - - - 319

Question on appointment of Deputy, - 319

Death of Edmund de Mortimer, - 320

1425 Sir John Talbot, Viceroy, - 321

James, fourth Earl of Ormonde, Viceroy, - - 321

Viceregal compact with Prince Owen O'Neill, - - 322

1427 Sir John de Grey, Viceroy, ----- 323

1428 Sir John Sutton, Baron of Dudley, Viceroy, - - 324 Memorial from Colonial Parliament, - 325

1429 Counter Memorial from Colony, - 326 Sir Thomas Le Strange, Deputy, - 328

1431 Sir Thomas Stanley, Viceroy, - - 328

Condition of English Settlement, - 329

Henry VI. solicited to visit Ireland, - - - - 331

1436 Complaints from Colonists against Viceroys, - - 332

Memorial from Colonists, - - - - - - 333

XXIV CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IX. henry vi. — continued.

1438 Sir Leon de Welles, Viceroy - - 334

1440 Florentine Republic and seventh Earl of Desmond - 335 James, seventh Earl of Desmond - - - - 336

Condition of settlers ------- 337

James, fourth Earl of Ormonde, Deputy - - - 337

Feuds between Talbot and Ormonde - - - 337

Ormonde and Archbishop Talbot - - - 338

1441 Charges against Ormonde - - - - - 339 Ormonde's removal proposed - - 340

1442 He is appointed Viceroy ------ 341

Fitz-Gerald, Prior of Kilmainham - - - 342

Chief Baron Cornwalshe murdered by Fitz-William, - 343

Thorndon's charges against Ormonde - - 344

1444 Ormonde summoned to England - 345

Prior Fitz-Gerald challenges Ormonde - - - 346

Acquittal of Ormonde - - - 347

1446 Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford, Viceroy - - 348

1447 Anglo-Irish Parliament at Trim - - - 349 Earldom of Waterford - - - - - - 350

Archbishop Richard Talbot, Deputy - - - - 351

Sir John Talbot and his son slain, 1453 - - - 351 Richard, Duke of York, Earl of Ulster, Lord of Connaught and Trim, ------ 352

Richard Nugent, Baron of Delvin, Deputy - 353

1449 Viceroyalty of Richard, Duke of York - - - 353 George, Duke of Clarence born at Dublin - - 354 Borderers and their exactions . - - - - 355

Earl of Rutland and Cork - - - - - - 356

State of English in Munster - - 357

Duke of York and his partizans - 358

1450 Anglo-Irish " Captain of Kent " - - - -• 359

CONTENTS. XXV

1450 Jack Cade, " The Irish Rebel" - - - 360 Difficulties of Duke of York - - - - 361 He quits Ireland . - - - 362 Irish soldiery in France - - - - - 363 Death of fourth Earl of Ormonde - - - - 364

1451 Earl of Wiltshire, Deputy - - 365

1453 He is appointed Lieutenant - - - - 365

1454 Archbishop John Mey, Deputy-Governor - - 365 Feud between Botillers and Fitz-Geralds - - - 367 Duke of York, Viceroy - - - - - - 367

His Deputies, Fitz-Eustace and Kildare - - 367

1459 Duke of York retreats to Ireland - - 368 Independence of Colonial Parliament - - - 369 Yorkists and Lancastrians in Ireland . - 370

1460 Warwick arrives in Ireland - - 371 York quits Ireland - - 372 Battle of Wakefield - - - 373 Earl of Butland murdered - - - 374 Earl of Ormonde beheaded - - 376

Chapter X

1461 Irish demesnes of Edward IV. - - - 376 Thomas, Earl of Kildare, Governor - - - 376 George, Duke of Clarence, Viceroy - - - 37"

1462 Sir Roland Fitz-Eustace, Deputy - 377 Sherwood, Bishop of Meath - - - 377 Sir John and Mao Richard Botiller - - 377 Thomas, eighth Earl of Ormonde - - 378 State of Meath and Kildare - - - - 379

1463 Sir John Botiller's wars ------ 380

1464 Edward IV. and Desmond - - - - 381

Desmond, Deputy to Clarence - ... 332

Colonial legislation ------- 383

Government of Earl of Desmond - - - 384

XXvi CONTENTS.

1467 Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, Deputy - - 385 Earl of Desmond beheaded - - - - 386 Desmond and Elizabeth Grey - - - 387 Peerage of Eatoath - - - - - 388 Confederations of English with Irish - - - 389 Worcester's Administration - - 390 Earl of Kildare pardoned - - - 39 1

1468 He is appointed Deputy - - 391 1470 Clarence removed from Viceroy alty - - 392

Worcester appointed Viceroy - - - - - 392

Fate of Worcester - - 393

1472 Re-appointment of Clarence - - 394

Defences of settlement - - - 395

1475 Fraternity of St. George - - - - 396

Keating, Prior of Kilmainham - - - - 397

Primate Ottaviano and Doctor Marcello - - 398

Colonial prices and coinage - . - - - 399

1475 Sherwood, Bishop of Meath, Deputy Governor - - 400

1477 Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, „ „ - 400 Henry, Lord Grey, ,, ,, - 400

1478 John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, Viceroy - 400 Condition of Waterford and Dublin - - 401 Colonists and border Irish - - - 402 Anglo-Irish shrines - - - - 403 Prince George, Viceroy - - - - - 403 Henry, Lord Grey, Deputy - - - - 404 His authority disputed - - 404 Contention between Deputies - - - 405 Act for election of Governor ----- 406