The history of Romanism: from the earliest corruptions of Christianity to the present time : with full chronological table, analytical and alphabetical indexes and glossary...

Front matter

1 EN SE, RE. Eh Rr egal see eae a

~~ (PPHBOLOGICAL SEMINARY. ) Sb-G

Princeton, | N. J. ;

BOOK I.—POPERY IN EMBRYO.—From THE EARLIEST CORRUPTIONS OF

CHRISTIANITY TO THE PAPAL SUPREMACY, A.D. 606. Cuarter |.—Christianity Primitive and Papal.

§ 1.—Christ’s kingdom not of this world, - Cee a ee” SR ke

) 2.—Apostles despised all worldly honors, - - - - : -

§ 3.—Primitive and papal Christianity contrasted, - - - -

§4.—Purifying effect of pagan persecutions, - - . - - 2

) 5.—Popery a subject of prophecy. Tertullian quoted, - - - :

§6.—The hindrance to the revelation of the “man of sin” removed in the time of the emperor Constantine, - . - - : -

CuaptTer If.—Religion in alliance with the State.

§'7.—Supposed miraculous conversion of Constantine, - - - -

§8.—Undertakes to remodel the government of the church. steal of Me Patriarchs, &c., - 49 - - - - §9.—Bishops of Rome. Spiritual assumption and tyranny of Victor. First instance of pretended authority of Rome over other bishops, - §10.—Stephen, bishop of Rome, excludes St. Cyprian of Carthage, but the excommunication regarded as of no authority. Increasing wealth and pride of the bishops. Martin of Tours and the emperor Maximus,

CuaptTer [l].—Steps toward papal Supremacy.

§11.—Simple organization and government of the primitive churches, —-

§ 12.—Gieseler’s and Mosheim’s account of the first changes in this primitive form. This change the first step toward Popery, - - -

§ 13.—Another step toward papal supremacy. Council of Sardis, in 347, allows of appeals to Rome. Decision of Zosimus, in 415, in the case of an appeal, rejected by the African bishops, who refused to acknowledge the authority of the decree of Sardis, a ee §14.—Other steps. Law of Valentinian. Romish decretals. Council of

Chalcedon, . - - - - - s % - y

§ 15.—Favor of the different barbarian conquerors, - = - > ee esh

§ 16.—Willingness of the Roman pontiffs to conciliate them, by ee heathen rites. Testimony of Robertson and Hallam, -

Cuapter 1V.—Divine right of supremacy claimed and disproved.

§17.—A superiority of rank had been tacitly conceded by many to the bishop of Rome, on account of the importance of that city. After the fall of Rome, its bishops began to demand supremacy as a divine right,

As

Vill ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE. 5 18.—The claim examined. No proof that Peter was ever bishop of Rome, 44

}19.Nor if he had been, that he was eqpatitaitad by Christ supepaye head of the church, - - - - ~ 4 a AG § 20.-Others more worthy, Paul, Peter, and J ain. and wherefore, - - 47 §21.—If Peter had been supreme, still no proof that the supremacy descended. Note. Uncertainty about the first bishops of Rome, - 48 Cuaprer V.—Popery fully established—T he man of sin revealed. } 22.—Disgraceful and bloody struggles between rival pontifis, - - 50 § 23.—Contests between the bishops of Rome and cei Merce for the title : of Universal Bishop, - - > “ : Z : 51

§24.—Gregory’s letter to the patriarch John, against the “ blasphemous” title, 52

§ 25.—His letters to the emperor Mauritius on the same subject. The title obtained by pope Boniface III, for himself and his successors, by the grant of the tyrant Phocas, A.D. 606, - - - - - 53 § 26.—Henceforward the religion of Rome properly termed Popery, or ue religion of the Pope,- = | - 55

Cuarter VI.—Papal Supremacy.—The actors in tts establishment.—T he tyrant Phocas, the Saint Gregory, and the pope Boniface.

§ 27.—Effect of the establishment of the papal supremacy, : - - 57

§ 28.—Biography of the emperor Phocas, the author of the papal supremacy, 98

§ 29.—His cruel massacre of the emperor Mauritius and five sons. His murder of the queen and daughters, - - - - - Fe 58 § 30.—Gibbon’s character of this blood-thirsty tyrant, - - - - 59 § 31-33.—Saint Gregory’s flatteries of the tyrant Phocas, and joy at his suc-

cess, on account of his favor to the Roman See, - - - 60

§34.—Boniface exercises his newly obtained supremacy. His decree ae claring all elections of bishops null and void, unless confirmed by the Universal Bishop, the Pope, - - - - - - 64

BOOK II.—POPERY AT ITS BIRTH, A. D. 606.—Irs pocTrinaL AND RI- TUAL CHARACTER AT THiS EPOCH.

CuarteR I.—Romish errors traced to their origin.—Their early growth no argument in their favor.

§1.—The germs of popish errors of early date. No argument in their favor, 65 § 2.—Chillingworth’s npble sentiment quoted, “ Zhe Bible only the religion of Protestants,” - - - - - - - 66 § 3.—Protestantism defined. Refuses to receive any doctrine upon the mere

authority of tradition, - - - - - - - - 66 §4.—Papists and Puseyites place the Bible and Tradition upon a level, - 67

Cuarter I.—Origin of Romish errors continued.—Celibacy of the clergy. 5.—Forbidding to marry a mark of anti-Christ. Note: Is marriage a necessary qualification for a minister? - - - - - - 69 §6.—Tertullian’s extravagant praise of celibacy. Consequences of such

notions, - . ” . - - - - - - P. 70 §'7.—Sensible remarks on this subject, by Clement of Alexandria, - - 71 § 8.—Cyprian’s address to female devotees. Consecrating and crowning of

Nuns, - - = 3 a = = . . 3 fs val

§ 9.—Second marriages prohibited to the clergy. Next step in the innovation, they are forbidden to marry at all, after ordination, — - - - 72, t 10.—Paphnutius, at the council of Nice, opposes this corruption, = » ) 3

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PAGE.

§ 11.—Chrysostom’s singular explanation of the parable of the ten virgins, 75

} 12.—Siricius, bishop of Rome, decrees the celibacy of the clergy, - - 4) ) 13.—This doctrine plainly contrary to the New Testament. Note: The early

Reformers, Vigilantius and Jerome, - - - - - - <a)

§ 14.—Instances of primitive married clergymen, = - - - - 79

CuapTer III.—Origin of Romish errors continued.— Worship of the Virgin Mary.

§ 15.—Chrysostom’s description of the sanctity of a professed virgin, - - 80 §16.—Fanciful conceits in the eta century, relative to the Py lt ppetity of Mary, - - - - - - 81

}17.—Origin of the worship of the Virgin Mary. Sect of the Collyridians, 82

§ 18.—Modern worship of the Virgin worse than that of the ancient heretics. Instances of this kind of modern idolatry, - - =i, Wa - 82

§19.—The idolatrous reverence of the Virgin accelerated by the Nestorian controversy, about the title “ mother of God.” Images of the Virgin. Note: Amusing anecdote of the emperor Constantine Copronymus, 85

§ 20.—Festivals established in honor of the Virgin Mary, - moi 1s - 86 Cuapter [V.—Origin of Romish errors continued.—Monkery.

§ 21.—Monkery of heathen origin. Originated in Egypt, PP 2

§ 22.—Resemblance between heathen and Christian anchorites, - - 88

} 23.—Early monks. Paul, Anthony, Hilarion, Martin of Tours, - - 88

} 24.—Gregory Nazianzen quoted. Symeon, the pillar saint, - - 89

) 25.—Monasteries and abbots, swiling bn etvagaihewy enchuoniney bh. 790

) 26.—Exempted from the jurisdiction of bishops, and taken under the protection of the popes. Thus become the tools of Rome. Instance of inhuman severity to a poor monk, by Gregory the Great, - - 91

§ 2'7.—Monkish saints and their fabulous legends, - - - - - 92

CuarteR V.—Origin of Romish errors continued.— Worship of saints and relics.

§ 28.—Invocation of saints grew up by degrees, from the reverence paid to martyrs. Relics enshrined in altars, - - - - - 93 § 29.—St. Ambrose’s discovery of the bodies of two saints. Relics necessary, before a Romish church can be consecrated, - - - = 93

§ 30.—Bodies of saints embalmed in Egypt. Churches dedicated to them, 94 § 31.—Gregory Nazianzen’s invocations to his departed father and St. Cyprian, 97 § 32.—Worship of images unknown to Christians in the sh century. Letterof Epiphanius, -- - - - “= Sete ae OS § 33.—Pagan ceremonies imitated and adopted, > lgie -*e - P 98 }34.—Frauds. Fictitious saints and relics. Bones of a thief reverenced as a

saint, - . - - - - - - - “ - 99 § 35.—Mount Soracte converted into a saint, - =| “wih. - - - 100 } 36.—Ludicrous mistakes in saint-making. Saints Evodia, Viar, and Amphi-

bolus, the name of a cloak. St. Veronica, - - = =. AGI j 37.—T wo pernicious maxims arose. That it was lawful to deceive, and to

persecute for the good of the church, - - : m4 in =, 108 § 38.—Praying at the sepulchres of the saints. Other superstitions,- - 105 ) 39.—Increase of superstition in the sixth cee Purgatory, efficacy of

relics, &c., - - - - - - - - - 106 §40.—St. Gregory’s curious letter to the Empress, in reply to her Segue for

the head of St. Paul. Wonderful prodigies, = - s.107

§41.—St. Gregory exalts the merit of pugrieeee visa Par oe First mention of Purgatory, - 108 x ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE } 42.—With few exceptions, Popery at its birth, in 606, and Popery in its dotage, in the nineteenth century, identical, - - 4 y aa8

Cuapter VI.—Sitriking resemblance between pagan and papal ceremonies.—T he latter derived from the former.

} 43.—The classical scholar cannot avoid recognizing the resemblance, - 109 §44.—Early adoption of these pagan ceremonies. ‘This policy adopted by Gregory Thaumaturgus, - - . - - = . ce © 1) 5 45.—After Constantine, this sinful conformity to Paganism increased. Christianized Paganism. Saying of Augustine, . - Pabeae aNi |)

}46.—Dr. Conyers Middleton’s visit to Rome. His object not to study Popery, but the pagan classics. Discovered that the best way to study Paganism, was to study Popery, which had been mostly copied from it, 112

} 47.—Instances of this conformity,- - - — - - - CWieos Gene 2 f. (1.)—Worshipping toward the East, - - - - - : - 114 (2.)—Burning of incense, - - - - - wiluiioe - - 115 (3.)—Use of holy water. Sprinkling of horses on St. Anthony’s day, - 116 (4.)—Burning of wax candles in the day-time, - - - - - 121 (5.)—Votive gifts and offerings, - - - - «-« « = «= (21 (6.)—Adoration of idols or images, — - - - e . - - 123 (7.)—The gods of the Pantheon turned into popish saints, - - - 124 (8.)—Road gods and saints, - ~ - - - - - - - 125 (9.)—The Pope and the Pontifex Maximus, and kissing the Pope’s toe, - 126

(10.)—Processions of worshippers and self-whippers, - =i HD0 ew anRE

(11.)—Religious orders of monks, nuns, &c., - - - - - - - 728

§ 48.—This conformity acknowledged by a Romish author. Hence the conclu-

sion drawn that Popery is mainly derived from Paganism, - - 129

) 49.—St. Gregory instructs Augustin the monk, and Serenus, bishop of Mar-

seilles, to favor the pagan ceremonies, - - : - - 130

BOOK [il—POPERY ADVANCING.—FRoM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPIRITUAL SUPREMACY, A.D. 606, TO THE POPE’S TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY, 756, AND TO THE CROWNING OF THE EMPEROR CHARLEMAGNE, 800.

Cuarter 1—Gradual increase of the papal power.—Darkness, superstition, and ignorance of this period.

)1.—The churches did not all immediately submit to the supremacy of the

Pope, “+ v= 5 = Agu a cae iar ud. br ioe ) 2.—Election of the popes confirmed by the emperors or their viceroys, - 134 ) 3.—Rival candidates for the popedom. Sergius pays the Exarch a hundred

pounds of gold to secure his election, - - - - - - 135

)4.—Means taken by the popes to enlarge their power. Pope Vitatianus appoints, by his own authority, Theodore as archbishop of Canterbyry, 135

) 5.—JImporiant matters of dispute. Different modes of shaving heads, - 136 ) 6.—Archbishop Theodore detained at Rome three months, to have his head shaved, - - és 2 a 7 - » - - - 139

§7.—The popes encourage appeals to their tribunal, by deciding in favor of the appellant. Instance. Appeal of Wilfred, bishop of York, - 139

}8.—First instance of a pontiff requiring an oath of allegiance. Boniface, bishop of Germany, j- = ieee Len) we re

}9.—Felix, archbishop of Ravenna, rejects the authority of the Pope, who, with the Emperor, inflicts upon him the most horrid cruelties. His eyes dug out, &ec., - 0 ee a eae Cee oe 141 .

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. . XI

PAGE. § 10.—Origin of kissing the Pope’s foot. Pope Constantine’s visit to Constantinople. Favored by the emperor Justinian, Dae itr) nee wt PAT

§ 11.—Cruel character of this tyrant, - - - - - i mata EAD § 12.—Ignorance and darkness of this age. Bishops unable to write, - 143 } 13. Specimen of papal reasoning, to prove that mores areangels. St. Peter in person consecrating a church, - - - - - 144 § 14.—Specimen of the doctrine of this age. St. Bligins, at Meee NM LRA § 15.—Rise of Mahometanism, Hh dew ae oh a SPSS eta TAG

CuaptErR Il._—History of the Monothelite controversy.—Pope Honorius condemned as a heretic, by the sixth general council, A. D. 680.

§ 16.—Origin of this controversy, - - - - - - 146 §17.—Pope Honorius professes himself in favor of the doctrine of one will. The decree called the Echthesis, - - - . 7 aan 6a §18.—Pope John IV. differs from his predecessor Honorius, and anathematizes the doctrine, - - - - - - - - ai, 147 § 19-20.—Progress of the dispute, - - nape sig. - - - - 148 § 21.—Pope Theodore excommunicates Pyrrhus, and signs the sentence with the consecrated wine of the sacrament, - - - = ae ae § 22.—Pyrrhus restored to his dignity of patriarch of eae ent i notwithstanding the Pope’s anathema, - - - #5 E50 § 23.—Pope Martin seized and banished by the Emperor, - - - - 1650 §24.—Pope Eugenius and Vitalianus more moderate, = - - - wie loue §25.—Pope Honorius condemned at the sixth general council, for heresy. Monothelitism condemned, -- = - - - - -.. 15] § 26.—Lessons from this controversy. - - - - ss * - 152 (1.)—Popes careful to advance their authority, - - - 5 rere fe. (2.)—Their authority not yet universally received,- - ~~ -~ = =) 152

(3.)—Popes did not yet dare to anathematize and depose kings, - nies EBS

(4.)—Disproves papal infallibility. nee Extracts from Bellarmine, &c., on infallibility, - - - - . - - - - 153

Cuarter D.—Image-worship.—From the beginning of the great controversy on this subject, to the death of the emperor Leo, and of pope Gregory, both in the same year, A. D. Al.

§ 2'7-28.—Opinions of the early fathers relative to image-worship, - - 154

§ 29.—Paulinus adorns a church with pictures, A. D. 431, - - 8155

§30.—St. Gregory’s opinion. Pope Constantine in 713, curses those who deny veneration to images, “ey ee ee ee LOG §31.—Commencement of the great controversy, in 726, - - - = TDG ) 32.—Efforts of the emperor Leo to destroy image-worship. Insurrection in

consequence of his decree in 730, - - -— = : » 157

§ 33.—Pope Gregory’s insulting letter to the emperor Leo, eee eos? LOS §34.—Revolt against the Emperor at Rome, in consequence of his decree against images, - - - - - = ‘3 : items FOO § 35.—Letter of pope Gregory III.,to Leo, - - - - - - 160 § 36.—Gregory expends vast sums on images and relics at Rome. The Em-

peror and the Pope both die, A. D. 741, - 2 2 i = -¢760

Cuaprer [V.—Continuation of the controversy on Image-worship.—From the death of Leo and Gregory, A. D. 141, to the establishment of this idolatry, by the second general council of Nice, A. D. 784.

§ 37.—The emperor Constantine V. and pope Zachary, - - - = 161 re a

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Xil PAGE j 38.—Image-worship condemned by the council at Constantinople, in 754, 162 § 39.—Crimes of the empress Irene, wife of the emperor Leo IV., — - - 162 § 40.—Baronius justifies the torture or murder of her son, - - - Me ft § 41.—She assembles the second council of Piped in ean feral finally establishes image-worship, - - - - 164

} 42.—Popish idolatry thus established by law,- - —- A nue: hd

Cuaprer V.—The Pope finally becomes a temporal sovereign, A. D. 186. } 43.—Rebellious tumults at Rome. Rome becomes a kind of republic under the Popes = (tre ease aes) ae oa) soy ho eh oo ene ee § 44-45.—The Pope applies, in ae to aes Martel, ae fe ay ge

Lombards, - - - 166 § 46.—Pope Zachary and Lilian king of the Ticittiats - : - 167 §47.—Pepin of France, with the aay and advice of gece, fo his

master Childeric, - - - - - - 167 § 48-49.—Rome in danger from Aistulphus, king of the Lombards, - - 167 § 50.—Succored by Pepin, who forces the Lombards to yield up the Ace

to the Pope, - - - - - - - - 169 § 51.—Aistulphus, after Pepin’s return, refuses to deliver up the slaees to the

Pop, “oS Uae LHe RTO bey oo Whig et Dea Sar Oa §52.—Pope Stephen applies again to Pepin, - - - - - - 170 § 53.—Forges a letter to Pepin from St. Peter in heaven, - - - aoe { 54.—Pepin forces Aistulphus to keep his engagement with the hl bel

thus becomes a temporal monarch, A. D. 756, - - 171

CuapteR VI.—The confirmation and increase of the Pope’s temporal power, to the coronation of Charlemagne, A. D. 8

) 55.—Limits of the papal territories, + gine OLE, (eo, 9 Sie - 174 § 56.—Enlarged by Charlemagne, - > - - - - - - 174 § 57-58.—Charlemagne twice visits Rome, - - - = = = 175 § 59.—Crowned Emperor by the Pope, A.D. 800, - - = = = 175

§ 60-61.—Daniel’s little horn and three horns or kingdoms plucked up by it. Final complete establishment of the independence of the papal states, 177

BOOK IV.—POPERY IN ITS GLORY.—THE WORLD'S MIDNIGHT.— FROM THE CORONATION OF CHARLEMAGNE, A. D. 800, TO THE BEGINNING OF THE PONTIFICATE OF POPE HILDEBRAND, OR GreEGoRY VII., A. D. 1073.

CuarTER I.—Proofs of the darkness of this period.—Forged decretals.—Reverence for monks, saints, and relics. Worship of the Virgin. Purgatory.

)1.—This period designated the iti ages, ak iron age, &c. Lamentable ignorance, - - - - - 181

§ 2.—False decretals. Pretended a iadion of pee ei Extract from it, 182

) 3.—The world duped for centuries, by these forgeries. Gibbon quoted, 183

) 4.—Acknowledged by Baronius, Fleury, and other Romanists, to me forged. Opinions of Hallam, Mosheim, and Campbell, - - - 184

) 5-6.—Increasing reverence for monks, relics, &c., - “ - - 185 }7-8.—Multiplication of new saints. Absurd legends of their lives, - 186 ) 9.—The popes assume the exclusive privilege of saint-making, - - 187 ) 10.—Increase of festivals or saints’ days. Feast of All-Saints, - - 4188

$11.—Rosary of the eet ag stories invented to do her honor. Specimens, - wk AD Ra Sor ae ans

§ 12.—Fears of Purgatory. Fouée of All-Souls, —- - - - - 190

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PAGE.

Carter Il.—Proofs of the darkness of this period continued.—Origin and final establishment of Transubstantiation.— Persecution of Berenger, its oe opposer.—Popish miracles in its proof. ) 13.—Transubstantiation an insult to common sense. Stated in the words of its advocates, - - - - - - - - - § 14.—First traces of the doctrine in 754. ‘Tillotson quoted, - - - §15.—Paschasius Radbert in 931, first formally propounds this absurdity, -

192 193 193

}16.—Rabanus Maurus’s treatise in opposition to it, A.D.847. Quotation —

)17-18.—The celebrated Berenger opposes Transubstantiation. His persecutions and death, in 1088, - - - - : i ‘

§19.—First made an article of faith, in the fourth council of Lateran, A. D. 1215. The decree quoted, - - - - - - -

§ 20.—Means by which the worship of the wafer idol was established. Pretended miracles of bees, asses, dogs, and horses worshipping it. sa specimens, as given by Romish writers, - “ntdie ‘.

§21.—Cannibalism of the doctrine. Romish authors quoted showing aie the consecrated wafer does not look like “ raw and bloody flesh,”

§ 22.— Lying wonders,” a characteristic of anti-Christ, - -

§ 23-24.—Horrid blasphemies of a pope and a cardinal. Creating God, tho Creator of all things. The decree of Trent on Transubstantiation.

Curses upon all who do not believe it, - - - - - -

Cuapter Il].—Proofs of the darkness of this period continued.—Baptism of bells, and Festival of the Ass. § 25.—Baptism of bells first introduced by pope John XIII., in 972, - . ) 26-2'7.—Descriptions of this absurd ceremony at Montreal and Dublin, -

§ 28.—Curious ancient description of bell-baptism from Philip Stubbes, a. p. AL AREA GOGO Ae las Sik: MRM st iho as age

}29.—Feast of the ass. Original and translation of on se sung by i priests in honor of the ass, a é

Cuapter IV.—Profligate popes and clergy of this period.

j 30.—Holy links in the unbroken chain of apostolic succession, - ~ -

§31.—John VIII., a monster of cruelty, - - - - : i

} 32.—Sergius III., the pence és ie J i ae the bei son sd ah hktlot Marozia, - b

}33.—John X. the paramour of the hinelot Theodora, sister of Maveiin: raised to the papal throne by her means, - - - =~ -

j 34.—John XI. the bastard of pope Sergius I1., - - - °- .«

}35.—John XII. nephew of John the bastard. ae eee PAP ef be bauchery, and cruelty, = - - -

) 36.—These facts admitted by Romanists. Baits dicts: iat hae

j 37.—Attempts of Romanists to reconcile the profligacy of their popes with apostolic succession and papal infallibility. Fat her Sf quoted. “ Do all that they say, and not what they do,” - rf

" 38.—Benedict IX. described by pope Victor II. as “a successor of Simon the sorcerer, and not of Simon the apostle.” No doubt, true, but what becomes of the uninterrupted apostolic succession, - -

§ 39.—The vices of the popes imitated by the inferior clergy, - - -

§ 40.—Concubines of the priests confessing to their paramours, A

§41.—Priestly concubinage declared by tie a less crime than mar- Seager ee oe -

X1V . ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE. } 42-44,—Amidst all this profligacy, the power and influence of the popes increased. Accounted for by the ignorance of the Scriptures, the authority of the forged decretals, and donation of Constantine, and the awful terrors of excommunication and interdict, - - - 924 )45.—The iron age of the world was the golden age of Popery. Anim- _ portant truth taught by this fact, = - - - 2 “ - 296

Cuarter V.—Popery in England prior to the conquest. Augustin the missionary, and Dunstan the monk.

§ 46.—Primitive Welsh Christians refuse to submit to Popery, - 7 me eae }47.—Augustin’s reception in England by king Ethelbert. Ten thousand converts ina day, - - - - - . - - - 228

}48.—The ancient pagan temples of England converted into Christian churches with the same facility, by washing the walls with holy water, and depositing relics in them, - -~— - - 228 }49.—Increase of popish superstitions. The Pope’s cunning contrivance to

raise a tribute in England, . - : - - - - 229 §50.—Odo, an archbishop of the school of Hildebrand, - - - - 230 }51.—Saint Dunstan, abbot of Glastonbury, pulls the devil’s nose with red-

hot tongs (!) and performs other wonderful miracles,- - - 230 } 52.—Description of thé remains of Glastonbury Abbey, = ie > ee ) 53-54.—Dunstan is made archbishop of Canterbury, and works miracles to

show the wickedness of marriage in the clergy, - - + 2 § 55.—Dunstan pays a visit to Heaven, learns a song from the angels, and re-

turns to.teach it to his monks. His death in 988, - - - 936

BOOK V.—POPERY THE WORLD’S DESPOT.—From THE accession OF popE GreGcory vi, A. D. 1073, TO THE DEATH OF BontFraceE vi., A. D. 1303.

CuaptTer 1.—T he life and reign of pope Hildebrand or Gregory VII.

§ 1.—Hildebrand’s influence at Rome before he became pope,- - - 237 §2.—Robert of Normandy persuaded to acknowledge himself a vassal of Rome, - - . - . - - - - - - 238 § 3.—The decree confining the election of pope to the cardinals, - - 238 §4.—Hildebrand chosen Pope. His inordinate ambition and tyranny, - 239 § 5.—His plans for a universal empire, with the Pope at the head, - - 240 § 6.—Commencement of his contest with the emperor Henry IV., - - 241 §'7.—Dispute about investitures with the ring and the crosier, - - 241 § 8.—Gregory threatens the Emperor with excommunication, - - - 243

} 9.—Executes his threats, and deposes him from the empire. Henry’s abject humiliation. He waits three days at the gate of the palace, where the Pope was, before he is granted the privilege of kissing the Pope’s toe, - - . - - - - - - 243 } 10.—Henry renounces his submission, and is a second time excommunicated. Extracts from the Pope’s anathema, = - - ° | Dae

) 11.—Sequel of Henry’s life. His own sons seduced to rebel against him, 247

§12.—Unnatural conduct of his son Henry. Misfortunes and death of the unfortunate old Emperor,- - - - = = = «= 248

CuarTeR U.—Life of Gregory VII. continued. Other instances of his tyranny and usurpation.

) 13.—Pope Gregory claims Spain as belonging to St. Peter, - - - 249 §14,—His demand of Peter-pence in France.. His claim of Hungary as the property of the Holy See, Site te ss a

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV

PAGE.

§15.—Makes similar claims upon Corsica, Sardinia, Dalmatia, and Russia. Meets with less success in England than anywhere else, - - 251 § 16.—Maxims or Dictates of Hildebrand, - - - - = 252

§17.—Question of their genuineness. The tyrannical doctrines of Hildebrand advocated in the nineteenth century. This pope, Gregory

VIL., still reverenced by papists asa Saint, - - 253 §18.—The learned Deylingius’s account of the gradual rise of papal power and tyranny, - - - - 0 Sh I a bilge 254

Cuarter II1.—Pope Urban and the Crusades.

§19.—Rival popes, Victor, Clement, and Urban. Ceremony of sprinkling with ashes on Ash-Wednesday established by pope Urban. Incensing of crosses, Bid he - ara writes - - 256 } 20.—Pope Urban establishes the crusades at the council of Clermont in 1095, 259

Note.—Popular and wide-spread panic of the end of the world in the year

L000 wh Maat SA Bicol) 4 She sapien. Keiohns “oF pe aloe age §21.—Peter the hermit visits Palestine, and upon his return preaches the

crusades, - - - - . - - - - - = LRG } 22-23.—Eloquent speech of pope Urban in favor of the crusades, - - 262 § 24.—General enthusiasm of the people. Multitudes set out for Jerusalem, 263 § 25.—Effects of the crusades in enriching the popes and the priesthood, - 264 } 26.—Vast quantities of pretended relics introduced from Palestine, - 265

CuapTeR [V.—Popery in England after the conquest. Archbishops Anselm and Thomas a Becket. 7 } 27.—William of Normandy obtains the Pope’s sanction of his intended invasion of England, who sends him as a token of his favor, a ring with one of St. Peler’s hairs. (!) - - - - =-Finc et +266 } 28.—After William’s conquest, Gregory requires him to do homage to him for the kingdom of England, but king William refuses, — - - 267

} 29.—Quarrel between archbishop Anselm and king William Rufus, - 268 } 30.—Honors to Anselm at Rome. The English required to kiss his toe, 268 } 31—Anselm refuses to do homage to king Henry, the successor of William, 269 } 32.—Haughty claims of pope Pascal, and overbearing insolence of Anselm, 270 \ 33.—Cardinal Crema, the Pope’s legate in England, detected in gross licen-

} 34.—Cruel measures against the married clergy of England, - - meray # § 35.—Cruel persecution of some disciples of Arnold of Brescia. First in-

stances of death for heresy in England, - - = - et 72 }36.—King Henry II. of England, and Louis VII. of France, leading the

Pope’s horse, - - - - “ - - Sd, ae - 273

§3'77.—Commencement of the quarrel between king Henry and Thomas a Becket. The Pope releases the Saint from the obligation of his oath to submit to the laws of England against clerical criminals, 274

)38.—Becket refuses to obey a summons to the King’s court. He is tried and found guilty by the Parliament, but refuses to submit, - - 277 }39.—Declines the jurisdiction of the King and barons, and appeals to the

Popes Fe eieat ie lati a APSR gS ath BIS '40.—The death and canonization of Becket. Pilgrimages to the tomb of

the Saint, - - - ~ - - mere ahe + - 279

Cuarrer V.—Popery in England continued. Pope Innocent and king John.

}41.—Innocent III. treads in the steps and acts upon the maxims of Gregory ik;

xvi ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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§ 42.—Orders an episcopal palace to be demolished which was being erected at Lambeth, in London. The King, terrified by the thunders of

Rome, unwillingly obeys, - - 280 § 43.—The palace is subsequently erected. Description of Lambeth palace

and Lollard’s tower, - - - - “ ¥ % u ab ee § 44.—Pope Innocent orders Stephen Langton to be chosen archbishop of