The history of the Melanesian mission

Front matter

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I

Preface

The following history was undertaken at the request of the families of the three first Bishops who stand out in its pages, and whose personality I have striven, however imperfectly, to set forth, feeling strongly that, here if anywhere, personal character and influence have been the corner-stone of the edifice. Mission Reports, biographies, diaries, letters, have all been fully consulted and freely used, and, in connection with the first Bishop, the notices which appeared at the time of his death from his old friends Bishop Hobhouse, Mr. Gladstone, and others. Further, for this work I have had the inestimable advantage of personal acquaintance with the four Bishops in succession ; of having spent ten years in New Zealand, the home of the work during its first early days, before and after Bishop Patteson's consecration ; and, later on, of having been in constant communication with Bishop John Selwyn during the period when, under him, the Mission rapidly expanded into the broad and general development which now characterizes it, giving to Melanesia something of the position which should belong to it. For it is well to remember that the field of the Mission extends over " nearly a twelfth part of the circumference of the globe. It reaches over from thirty to thirty-six degrees of latitude, and it includes a hundred islands, some larger, some smaller. . . . Almost every one of these islands has a separate language, or at least a separate dialect of its own," and some of them possess several such, highly developed, and differing at least as much as, for example, the languages of France and Spain.

PREFACE

It needs but little consideration to grasp the importance of the fact that the development of so large a section of the world should have been in the hands of the great Englishmen who have freely given themselves, their powers, their strength, and in two cases their lives for it; and not supinely left to the traders in human flesh who did so much to hamper their labour.

I wish to express my warm and deep thanks to the members of the Selwyn and Patteson families who have so continuously and greatly helped me, more especially to Mrs. John Selwyn ; also to Mrs. Welchman, Miss Joy, the Rev. Dr. Codrington, former Head of the Mission, the Ven. Archdeacon Dudley, so long Secretary in New Zealand, and to the Rev. L. P. Robin, organizing Secretary in England.

E. S. ARMSTRONG.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Bishop George Augustus Selwyn ..... Frontispiece

From a water-colour dratving by George Richmond, R. A., 1841.

Map showing the Diocese of Melanesia . . To face page xxviii

Bishop Patteson ........ ,, 62

The Vanua (Mission Settlement), Norfolk Island . ,, 120

From a photograph by Beattie of Hobart.

Bishop John Selwyn . . . . . . . ,, 180

From a photograph by Freeman k Co. , Ltd. , Sydney,

S. Barnabas Chapel, Norfolk Island . . . . „ 206

From a photograph by Beattie of Hobart.

Bishop Patteson's Memorial Cross at Nukapu . . ,, 240

From a photograph by the Rev. C. Bice.

S. Cuthbert's Church, Tegua, Torres Islands . . „ 276

From a photograph by the Rev. L. Robin.

Bishop Wilson ,, 822

VII

Chapter I 1841-48 The Melanesian Diocese

Letters patent of Bishopric of New Zealand— Character and qualifications of Bishop — Journey out and arrival in New Zealand— Preliminary visit in H.M.S. Dido to the Islands — Change since Captain Cook's time — Captain Paddon — Name of Melanesia— Formation of Islands — Difficulties in the way of work — Scheme for meeting them — Fundamental rules— Scheme of evangelization ....... Pp. 3-10

Chapter II 1849-5^ The Australian Board of Missions

First cruise in the Undine — New Caledonia, Lim, Nengone, and Erromango visited — Larger vessel needed than the Undine — Men of noble spirit and high qualifications wanted — Five lads consigned to the Bishop's care : one from New Caledonia, three from Nengone, one from Lifu — Structure of Polynesian and Melanesian tongues — Return to S. John's College — Formation of Australian Board of Missions — Border Maid supplied for the work by New South Wales — Arrival of Border Maid in Auckland with four Melanesians : two from Erromango, one from Bauro, and one from Fate — Cruise of Bishops of New Zealand and Newcastle in the Border Maid — Anaiteum — Futuna — Tanna — Erromango — Boys restored — Lifu — Thol returned— Mallicolo — Peril on shore and in the ship — Return of Border Maid to Auckland bringing thirteen Melanesians — Baptism and death of Apale — Cruise of Border Maid with the Bishop and Mr. Nihill — Anaiteum — Futuna — Tanna — Erromango — Four baptisms at Nengone — Nineteen baptisms during the journey — The Regent of Lifu — Santa Cruz visited — Banks Islands rediscovered .... Pp. 11-20

ix

Chapter III 1853—56 John Coleridge Patteson

Life and death of George Siapo — Gold fever — Stay of Bishop in Sydney — Death of Umao — Mr. and Mrs. Nihill stationed at Nengone — Journey of Bishop and Mrs. Selwyn to England — Gift of Southern Cross — John Coleridge Patteson joins the Mission — His character and gifts — Arrival of Bishop and party in Sydney — Death of Mr. Nihill — -Return of his widow to New Zealand — Norfolk Island — Career of Rev. G. Nobbs — Mrs. Selwyn left at Norfolk Island — Anaiteum — Fate — Espiritu Santo — Rennell Island — Bauro — Iri's house — -Gera or Guadalcanal*— Malanta — The Santa Cruz group — Santa Cruz ancient Spanish settlement — Volcano Island — Nukapu — Tubua — Vanikoro — Cannibalism — Banks group — Valua — Mota — Vanua Lava — Bligh Island — Torres group — Mallicolo — Nengone — Cross on Mr. Nihill's grave — Simeona — Norfolk Island — Return to Auckland with fourteen Melanesians — Mr. Patteson at S. John's College — Wadrokal, his first Communion ; his spiritual development — Docility of Solomon Islanders ; their prayers — Daily routine at S. John's — Return of scholars to the Islands — Nengone — Bauro — Guadalcanar — Mr. Patteson first white man to land there — Night spent there — Forty-six natives sleep on board — 450 natives and five chiefs visit the ship — Mr. B. T. Dudley joins the Mission ..... Pp. 21-34

Chapter IV 1857-58 Winter School at Lifu

Mrs. Selwyn left at Norfolk Island — Five Pitcairners join the ship — Futuna — Tanna — Fate — Mae — Petere and Laure — Ambrym — Whitsuntide Island — Leper's Isle — Star Island — Merelava — Espiritu Santo — Banks group — Mota — Valua — Vanua Lava — Santa Cruz — Nukapu — Bauro — Guadalcanar — New Caledonia — Nengone — Lifu — Norfolk Island — Auckland - Sixty-six islands visited on cruise, thirty-three pupils brought back chiefly from Bauro and Guadalcanar — Banks Island a convenient winter centre — Improvement and conduct of scholars — Lifu — Angadhohua — Anaiteum — Banks Islands — Bauro— Iri's errief for his son — Mr. Patteson's winter school at Lifu — Banks Islands — Lawlessness of Guadalcanar — Malanta — Return to New Zealand with forty-five scholars — Arrangements on board — Daily routine at S. John's. . Pp. .S5-47

x

Chapter V 1858-61 Consecration of John Coleridge Patteson

Cruise to the Islands ; thirty-nine boys brought back — Sarawia, Wadrokalj Harper Malo, Simeona — Mota best position for winter school — Kohimarama — Return of boys to their islands — Settlement at Mota — First service in Mota — Wreck of Southern Cross — Mission station bought at Mota— Both the Sacraments administered for first time in Mota — Unhealthy season — Sickness — Return to New Zealand— Sickness on board — A Bishop needed for the Islands — Fitness of John Coleridge Patteson — His consecration .... Pp. 48-57

Chapter I 1861-6^2 Establishment at Mota

First visit of Bishop Patteson to his diocese in Dunedin with Mr. Pritt, Mr. Kerr, Wadrokal, and Tagalad — Murder of Mr. and Mrs. Gordon at Erromango — Mae — Tasiko — Ambry m — Mota — Death of Tagalad' s father — Mr. Pritt and Mr. Kerr at Mota — Bishop cruises among the Islands — Second stage of Mission work — Bishop's cruise in Cordelia among the Solomons — Visits Ysabel for the first time — Lieutenant Tilly, R.N., joins the Mission — Arrival of Mr. Dudley in Sea Breeze — Return with him — Norfolk Island — Edwin Nobbs and Fisher Young given to the Mission — Ordination of B. T. Dudley — Sarawia, early history and teaching . . . Pp. 6 1-6.5

Chapter II 186.3 Peril and Success

Journey in Sea Breeze — Landings at seven places in Santa Cruz — Landing at Mae — Murder of Petere by white man — Peril of Bishop — Ambrym — Two boys spontaneously join the Bishop — Opa — Mala — Santa Maria — First visit to Florida — Stephen Taroaniara joins the Mission — Ysabel — Mr. Dudley and Mr. Pritt at Mota — Illness of Mr. Dudley — Return with sixty-two lads speaking twenty -four different languages — Sarawia, Tagalad, Qasvarah, Woleg, Taroaniara, and Kanambat baptized — Mr. Pritt's management — Mr. Palmer — Mr. J. Atkin — Arrival of new Southern Cross — Dysentery among the scholars — Fifty attacked, six dead . . . Pp. 66-71

xi

Chapter III 186.S-6-A In the Australian Colonies

First voyage of new Southern. Cross — Rev. R. Codrington joins the Mission — Norfolk Island — Mota — Mr. Pritt and Mr. Palmer in charge at Mota — Peace in the whole island — Dysentery at Mota — Much sickness, many deaths — Return to New Zealand to carry off lads from infection — Thirty-eight scholars — Ordination of Mr. Palmer — Grammars of seventeen languages systematized by Bishop — Numerals collected in forty dialects — Journey of Bishop Patteson to Australia — Report of work to Board of Missions — Churches of Australia pledged to bear expenses of Southern Cross — Method pursued by Bishop in pleading the cause of his work .... Pp. 72-75

Chapter IV 1864- Deaths of Edwin Nobbs and Fisher Young

Twelve deaths from dysentery, two from consumption, among scholars — Journey to the Islands — Norfolk Island — Mota — Vanua Lava — Ambrym — Mallicolo — Bishop in danger between two fighting tribes — Opa— Bishop in peril of vengeance for murder — Curtis Island inspected — Santa Cruz — Bishop lands with Edwin Nobbs, Fisher Young, Hunt Christian, Pearce, and Atkin — Boat fired on and pursued — Pearce shot in chest, Edwin Nobbs in cheek, Fisher Young in wrist — Surgery, arrows extracted — Tetanus sets in with Fisher Young — He dies in perfect faith and patience, is buried at Port Patteson — Edwin Nobbs seized — Death, buried at sea — Temporary desertion of William Qasvarari — Return to New Zealand — Farming and discipline at S. Andrews — Scholars in authority — Perfect equality of races — Progress — Wogale and George Sarawia printing Pp. 76-82

Chapter V 1865-66 The Tree Forts

Journey of Southern Cross — Lads left behind with Mr. and Mrs. Pritt — Norfolk Island — Mota— Santa Maria — Return of W. Qasvarari — Lakona — Improvements at Mota — Mae — Opa, two lads join — Sarah Sarawia, four little girls, and two married couples join Mission — Return with sixty-eight scholars, seven married couples, and seven girls — Curtis Island — Bishop visits Sydney — Offer of land at Norfolk Island — Nine Melanesians baptized by Primate — Journey of Southern Cross — G. and S. Sarawia and twenty-five others remain behind under charge of Mr. and Mrs. Pritt — Norfolk Island — New Hebrides — Mota

— Mr. Palmer left there— Bishop proceeds to Bauro— Ysabel — Mahaga— Tree forts at Mahaga— Opposing chiefs meet on

board— Savo— Ysabel— Bauro— Wario— Mala— Saa— Sixty-two scholars return in ship— Mr. Palmer left with sixteen lads at Norfolk Island— Norfolk Island and New Zealand compared as headquarters for Mission— Mr. Palmer fences and Plants • • Pp. 83-92

Chapter I 1867 S. Barnabas, Norfolk Island

Arrangements for move to Norfolk Island— Retirement of Mr. and Mrs. Pritt from Mission— Arrival of Mr. Codrington and Mr. Bice— Arrival of the Bishop and party at Norfolk Island— Cruise of Southern Cross— Fighting at Mota— Baptism and death of Natunqoe— George Sarawia's teaching and influence—Plan of Christian village— Land bought for village- Cruise through New Hebrides— Santa Cruz— Savo— Bauro— Settlement at S. Barnabas— Walter Hotaswol and twelve others communicants— Labour trade between Fiji and Islands— Mr. Palmer, Mr. Atkin, and Mr. Brooke ordained deacons— Progress at Mota Pp. 95-101

Chapter II 1868-69 The Labour Trade in Melanesia

Death of Walter Hotaswol— Baptism of nine scholars, one girl —Typhus at S. Barnabas— Four deaths— No Island journey- Stephen Taroaniara, his baptism— Double wedding— Arrangement of Psalms, Hymns, and reading for daily service- General Synod in Auckland— Ordination of C. Bice and G Sarawia— Christmas festivities— Fall and penitence of scholar — Judgment by his peers, forgiveness and readmission— Confirmations, Baptisms, first Communions— Development of slave trade— Kidnapping— Cruise among the Islands— Mr. Atkin at Bauro-Mr. Brooke at Florida— Goats and new Mission house at Mota-Bishop proceeds to Ara— Islands depopulated by labour traffic— Establishment of new Kohimarama— Arrival of Mr. Bice with harmonium— Bishop's matrimonial market- Return to Norfolk Island with sixty-two scholars, of whom fourteen girls and thirty Solomon Islanders— 134 scholars at S. Barnabas— Marriages of Robert Pantutun, William Qasvarari, and Marsden Sawa, also of the penitent . . Pp. 102-108

xiii

Chapter III 1870 Internal Management of Mission

Internal and external conditions at S. Barnabas — Establishment at Mota — Illness of Bishop — His journey to Auckland — Further development of slave trade — Regulations for labour trade suggested by Bishop — Seizure of Daphne by H.M.S. Rosario — Bishop's return to work — Mr. Atkin at Bauro — Saa — Mr. Brooke at Boli in Florida — Services in the boat house with large attendance — Bishop at Mota, Ara, and Motlav, the Solomon group ; brings away thirteen lads from Bauro — Slave trade in Solomon Islands — Santa Cruz, Pileni, Nukapu, no scholars but well received — Henry Tagalad and William Qasvaraii five weeks at Ara — Wadrokal brought away from Nengone — Return with sixty-five scholars to Norfolk Island — Old scholars volunteer for work in the Islands — Mr. Jackson joins the Mission — Bright Christmas, three weddings — Ordination of Mr. Bice Pp. 109-115

Chapter IV 1871 The Bishop's Last Journey

The Bishop's last journey — Whitsuntide and Star Islands — Lands with Mr. Bice at Mota — Mr. Brooke goes on to Florida — Great depredations by slavers — Expeditions to Santa Maria, Vanua Lava, and Saddle Island — Return to Mota — Great advance — Church built — Baptisms of one man and ninety-seven children — Three weeks in New Hebrides — Mr. Bice left at Opa, fifteen scholars, from Ambrym nine scholars — Opa and Ambrym assigned to Mr. Jackson and Mr. Bice — Traders at Ambrym, Mae, and Santa Maria — Bishop returns to Mota with forty-five scholars — 289 Baptisms — 150 people sleeping at Mission station — Last start — Round-robin from Bishops in New Zealand — Bishop's reasons for not going to England — Savo — Off the Santa Cruz group — Large canoe spoken with — Last letter finished and signed — Landing at Nukapu — Death — Attack on boats — The body brought on board — Burial at sea by Mr. Atkin — Mr. Atkin and Stephen attacked by tetanus — Death of Mr. Atkin — Endurance and death of Stephen — Captain and Mr. Brooke ill — Becalmed off Santa Cruz — The Bishop's arrangements for the Mission — Bishop's life taken in vengeance — Captain Tilly's account of a landing with the Bishop — Queen's speech, denunciations of

the labour traffic Pp. 116-128

xiv

Chapter I KS71-72 Mr. Codrington as Head of the Mission

Tidings of the Bishop's death reach Norfolk Island — Appeal to scholars, their conduct — Nine boys and four girls apply for Baptism — Mr. Jackson joins the Mission — Effect of Bishop's work and training — Hurricane at Norfolk Island — Start of Southern Cross — Captain Tilly on board — Delayed — Great anxiety in New Zealand — Prima Donna with stores — Mr. Palmer at Mota — Mr. Brooke in Florida — Mr. Codrington takes Mr. Palmer's place — Mr. Bice returns from Opa, ten men drowned in seeing him off — Scholars returned to Aurora, Pentecost, and Ambrym — George Sarawia's reception of tidings of Bishop's death — Kohimarama flourishing — Three schools in Mota, fifty-three adults baptized — Daily attendance at Motlav 100, on Sundays 500 — At Ara 146 scholars — Edwin Sakelrau at Valuga — Vanua Lava and Merlav depopulated by labour traffic — Mr. Jackson at Waiio — Mr. Brooke in Florida with Walter Woser — Eighteen islanders killed for their heads — Crew of Lavinia massacred in revenge — Wadrokal at Savo — Wenlolo recruiting for traders — Visit of Bishop of Auckland to Norfolk Island — Ordinations of Henry Tagalad, Robert Pantutun, and Edward Wogale . . . Pp. 131-136

Chapter II 1873 The First Melanesian Priest

Triple wedding — Story of Philip and Anna — The Revs. J. Selwyn and J. Still join the Mission — Mr. Codrington makes the circuit of the Islands — Aurora— Santa Maria — Sickness at Mota — Account of George Sarawia's ministry — Robert Pantutun during his absence — Henry Tagalad at Motlav — Joseph Wate teacher at Mala — Wadrokal at Savo — Mr. Brooke at Boli — Men now bought for labour trade— Ordination to priesthood of George Sarawia in S. Paul's, Auckland — Return to Norfolk Island — Mr. Palmer and E. Wogale in the Islands — Sickness and scarcity at Mota — Ara doing well — School established at Vanua Lava — Robert Pantutun at Santa Maria — Wadrokal at Savo — Thirty-five lads from the Solomons — Ara Christian ; all under instruction, more than half baptized — Motlav depopulated and desolate from labour trade — Return

xv to Norfolk Island with large party of scholars, many girls- Mr. and Mrs. J. Sehvyn arrive at S. Barnabas— 1 84 scholars eighteen girls, six infants .... Pp. 137-144

Chapter III 1874 The New Southern Cross

Mr. Codrington calls meeting of staff to recommend a future Bishop— Meeting in Sheldonian Theatre in 1872— Mr. Codrington's decided and repeated refusal— Mr. J. Selwyn re commended— The new Southern Cross, her launch-Scholars returned to New Hebrides, Banks and Solomon Islands-Mr Brooke left at Boli-Work extending, he visits whole island- Story of little Taiii-Wodrokal transfers his station to Nuro in Ysabel-Four Christian scholars left at Waiio— Boys brought from Ugi and Ulawa-G. Sarawia, E. Wogale, and Marsden Sawa working at the Mota schools-Shooting and poisoning at Merlav-Edmund Qaratu at Santa Maria; daily attendance sixty to seventy, Sundays 400-Stations at Losalav in Motlav and Pek in Vanua Lava— Massacre of Santa Cruz men at Ulawa in revenge for Stephen Taroaniara's death— Mr Kenny at Ambrym-Mr. Bice at Opa-Opening at Aurora- Return of Southern Cross— Seventy-five scholars, twenty-nine baptized during the year— Answer of General Synod ; election of Bishop postponed— Mr. Jackson's retirement— Death of Mr Palmer -Mrs. Wyatt Watling and Mrs. J. Selwyn in charge of girls —Christmas bright and joyous . . . . Pp. 145_152

Chapter IV 1875 Mr. Codrington in the Islands

Mr. Bice makes circuit in New Zealand— Triple weddino-— Mr. Codrington and Mr. Selwyn start on first journey with sixty-four boys, seven girls, and four children-New Hebrides Mae, Ambrym, Opa, Maewo, Banks Islands, Gaua, Lakona- The chiefs Nogonogo and Vagalo— Mota doing well— Fever and ague at Ara— Wenlolo converted and baptized— Pek— Solomon Islands ; Santa Anna and Santa Catalina visited- Haani and Waiio lads landed, Taki taken on board— Slaughter of Mala men at Maata-Saa— Dancing party at Gaeta-Boli -Takua and Sauvui chiefs— Excursions in Florida— Intercourse with Honigo— Mr. Selwyn at Bavu and Nuro in Ysabel — Wadrokal's people in terror of head-hunters— Boli— Santa Maria— Maros at Lakona— Mr. Codrington's expedition to the

xvi

Vuro — Mr. Selwyn at Mota, Motlav, Vanua Lava, and Ara — Measles at Pek — Maewo, Opa, Whitsuntide, and Mae — Return with measles on board — Second cruise of Southern Cross — Mr. Bice at Opa, murder and cannibalism among natives, scholars steady and doing well — Mr Kenny at Ambry m — Edwin Sakelrau at Pek— Mr. Still at Waiio— Measles in Florida— Wadrokal at Bugotu — Return with sixty scholars — Commodore Goodenough's death — Question of Bishopric renewed— Mr. Selwyn's increased reluctance — Mr. and Mrs. Selwyn in Sydney with boys for Confirmation — Foundation-stone of Memorial Church laid at S. Barnabas — Mano Wadrokal ordained deacon Pp. 153-163

Chapter V 1876 Mr. Selwyn's Tour

186 scholars at S. Barnabas, forty-seven girls — Two deaths from result of measles — Cruise of ship lengthened north and south — Ambry m — Pentecost — Visit from strangers at Mae wo — Mr. Bice landed with eight lads in Maewo — Service on shore, 150 natives — Merlav, Merig, Santa Maria — Forty-six Baptisms at Motlav — Meeting with H.M.S. Beagle — Ara— Pek — Mr. Still installed at Waiio — Boys returned to Ugi and Ulawa — Joe Wate at Saa— Massacre in Florida — Mr. Penny at Boli — Interview between Mr. Selwyn and Dikea — Wadrokal at Nuro — Death of Karovo — Wadrokal at Mahaga — Takua visits Norfolk Island — Mr. Still at Waiio — William Qasvaraii at Rowa — Murder at Pek — Whitsunday at Gaua — First Christian burial — Merelava — Opa — Mae — Second cruise — Mota — Eighteen Baptisms at Ara, forty-two at Saddle Island .... Pp. 164-171

Chapter VI 1871 The Consecration of John Richardson Selwyn

180 adult Baptisms at Gaua — Lakona visited — Mr. Still at Waiio — Takua and Mr. Penny landed at Boli — Wadrokal doing wonders at Mahaga spite of head-hunters — Causes of Bishop Patteson's death — Eleven Melanesians confirmed in Auckland— Mr. Still married to Miss Nihill — Mr. Selwyn visits Australia, Tasmania, and Dunedin — Decision of Primate concerning Consecration — Election of J. R. Selwyn to the Bishopric — Consecration — Greeting from the Ngapuhi at

Waimate Pp. 172-176

xvii b

Chapter I 1877 The Way open to Santa Cruz

Mission in Auckland — Mr. Comins joins the Mission — First Confirmation of thirty Pitcairners — Method of paying native clergy — Ascension Day at Araga — Marostamata at Lakona — Edmund Qaratu at Gaua — Pek — Waiio — Trade established at Ubuna — Collapse of school at Boli — Wadrokal — Bishop visits the head-hunted — A great cannibal — Bishop buys back Santa Cruz man — Dikea, Takua, and Kalekona — The Bishop and Taki at Waiio — Mr. Penny at Florida — Sapibuana at Gaeta — Death of Mrs. John Selwyn Pp. 179-184

Chapter II 1878 In the Santa Cruz Islands

First journey of Southern Cross, forty-four boys, thirteen girls — Ordination of Edwin Sakelrau — Kohimarama under charge of R. Pantutun — Church completed — H. Tagalad at Motlav, six schools there — Rev. E. W^ogale in Torres group — Reception at Nufiloli — Touching at Nukapu — Fighting at Bugotu — Mr. Penny at Boli — Escape of Santa Cruz man from Port Adam — Pek — Ara and Gaua — Vagalo comes to Norfolk Island — Mr. Bice at Opa — The Bishop at Maewo — Dreadful slaughter of a mother — Death of the Bishop of Lichfield — Bishop starts for England — Wadrokal at Nufiloli — Work good in Banks Islands — Mr. Still at Waiio, Ulawa, and Saa — Mr. Penny in Florida — Return of Southern Cross after seven months' voyaging — 160 scholars at S. Barnabas ; thirty adult Baptisms and eight couples married in the year .... Pp. 185-192

Chapter III 1879 Teachers' Meeting at Mota — Census

Quiet and steady advance — Twelve volunteers from Mota, three from Ara — Return of Bishop — Auxiliary engine for Southern Cross — Mr. Bice at Opa — Mr. Palmer in the Banks Islands — Mr. Penny in the Solomons — Head-hunters put to death by Bera — Mesmerists at Savo — Sapibuana's work at Gaeta — Boli — San Cristoval — Saa — Wedding and Baptisms at Gaeta — Wadrokal ill at Nufiloli — E. WTogale doing well in Torres Islands — Progress in the Banks Islands — Teachers' meeting every Friday — Census taken — First Confirmation at Mota — Mr. Comins at Mae — Mr. Bice at Opa — Murder of trader — Christmas service in Memorial Church Pp. 193-197

(iiapter IV 1880 Consecration of S. Barnabas

Journey of the Bishop to Christchurch to attend the General Synod of New Zealand — Journey to Fiji — Ordination and Confirmation in Fiji — Objections to system in force among the islanders — Sunday-school for islanders in Fiji — First cruise of Southern Cross — Mr. Johnson shot at Opa— Illness of E. Wogale — Clement Marau at Ulawa— Scandal at Boli — Baptisms at Thaugama and Tega — Mr. Penny in Florida — Mr. Bice at Opa— Mr. Palmer at Gaua— The Bishop at Santa Cruz — Landing on main island — Wadrokal left at Santa Cruz -Two boys brought away from Nufiloli— The Bishop in the Torres group — The sores at Loh — Habits of life and burial customs— Bishop visits the whole group — Return to Norfolk Island— Mr. Bice at Maewo— Infanticide— Opa— Araga, massacre of bushmen, ninety-five adults baptized — Arrival of guests for consecration of church — Sunday services — Baptism of eight from Gaeta — Massacre of Lieut. Bower and his boat's crew — Consecration of Memorial Church — Form of service — Commemorative prayer — Departure of visitors — 204 scholars at S. Barnabas — Twenty-four Baptisms, fourteen Confirmations, six Weddings— Mr. and Mrs. Lister Kaye— Mr. Brittain joins the staff ..... Pp. 198-209

Chapter V 1881 Justice done in the Floridas

Ordination of Mr. Brittain — First journey of the year — Landing and sleeping at Santa Cruz — Consultation to bring Lieut. Bower's murderers to justice — Want of prudence — Captain Bruce's ultimatum — Meeting of Bishop and Kalekona —Surrender of Holabosa — Agreement made by leading men to deliver future murderers to justice — Kalekona and his son surrender— The murderer executed— River with a double mouth — Melanesian perception of colour — Baptism of "a house of converts " — Savo — Visit to Yuturaria in Guadalcanal*, Bugotu, Tega— Mr. Comins at Ulawa— Death and burial of Amina Kali— Friday meetings at Mota, 550 Christians in the island — Pek prosperous — Baptism of thirteen adults — All Rowa under instruction— Ureparapara — Good school at Merlav, fourteen Baptisms — Fighting at Gaua — Mr. Codrington's journey, general satisfaction — Development in six

years — Santa Cruz — Florida — Two boys from Vaturaiia

Baptism at Savo —Gaeta— At S. Barnabas 182 men, forty -

xix two women, nine children — Takua's misconduct — Christmas — Seven Baptisms at Halain .... Pp. 210-221

Chapter VI 1882 Ordination of Charles Sapibuana

Charges against Maru examined — Baptism of a family at Halavu — Legend of death — Bishop's Easter at Boli — Return of Mr. Penny — Ordination of Charles Sapibuana, his work and character — Hurricane and epidemic at Mota — Deaths of Emily Pantutun and Emma Sakehau — Teacher killed — Disorder and immorality at Boli — General security in Florida — Gaeta flourishing — Mr. Lister Kaye at Santa Cruz — E. Wogale in Torres Islands — Mr. Brittain at Araga — Visit to Viradoro — Mr. Bice at Opa and Maewo — Infanticide disappearing Pp. 222-229

Chapter VII 1883 Great Advance in Florida

Mr. Codrington's departure for England — Ordination of Henry Tagalad and David Ruddock — First start of Southern Cross — Death of Edwin Sakelrau — His career — Mr. Palmer at Pek — H. Tagalad back at Ra — Desertion of teacher at Vureas — Baptism of nine adults at Ureparapara — Five Baptisms at Rowa — Death of E. Wogale — His career — Labour vessels at Santa Cruz — Mr. Penny at Ysabel — Destruction of tindalos and charms at Gaeta — Twenty-five adults baptized at Halavu, fifty-seven at Boli — The high priest of tindalos baptized — 300 baptized by Mr. Penny in twenty-two weeks — Great scandal at Savo — Mr. Ruddock and Hugo at Guadalcanal* — Advance at Ulawa — Mr. Bice at Raga — Thirteen baptisms at Tasmouri — Men and women feasting together — The Bishop at Losalava — Confirmation at Mota — Contribution to work in East London Pp. 230-237

Chapter VIII 1884? Memorial Cross at Nukapu

Death of Bera in Christian spirit — Mr. Penny's return to Ysabel — Mr. Comins at Saa — Sickness at Waiio and Haani — Ordination of Alfred Lobu — Santa Cruz prospering — Mr. Lister Kaye visits main island — Memorial cross to Bishop Patteson at Nukapu — Sickness in the Torres group — Four churches consecrated at Mota, Ara, and Motalava — Marostamata ordained deacon — Thirty-five candidates presented for

xx

Baptism — Mr. Bice at Opa and Maewo — Mr. Brittain at Raga —New regulations for labour trade — Rev. J. H. Plant joins the Mission — 181 pupils at S. Barnabas . . Pp. 238-242

Chapter IX 1885 Clement Marau at Ulawa

The Bishop away in England — Hugo Goravaka at Tega — Alfred Lobu's desertion of Halavu— Kalekona dead— Tabukoro brought in — Baptisms at Boli of fifty-nine, at Belaga of twenty-nine — Mr. Plant at Halavu — Clement Marau's work at Ulawa — All Haani coming in — Infanticide still at Waiio — Mr. Lister Kaye received with joy at Santa Cruz — Three girls taken to S. Barnabas — G. Sarawia in continued ill-health — 158 children at school — H. Tagalad's excellent work — Thirty-eight communicants at Ra — Stone church at Rowa — Marostamata working well at Lakona — Mr. Brittain at Raga — Opa doing well — Maewo still better — Death of C. Sapibuana — His career — Mr. Penny's retirement — Retirement of Mr. Lister Kaye— Return of Dr. Codrington . . Pp. 243-248

Chapter X 1886 Mrs. J. Selwyn's Visit to the Islands

Marriage of Bishop to Miss Mort, of Greenoaks, Sydney — First journey of Southern Cross — Death of Samson Iiio — Courage of Marsden Manekalea — Hugo Goravaka' s work — Soga — Influenza — Bishop's reproof to Soga — Soga's infant — School in Soga's village — Bishop attacked by ague — Twenty-three baptized — Bishop again ill — Raiders — Baptisms at Vulavu — Chiefs at Saa leagued against Christianity — Five Baptisms and celebration at Saa— Disorder at Gaeta— Tabukoro and sixty others baptized at Hogo — Alfred Lobu restored — Stone church at Halavu — Celebration — Eighteen communicants, eighteen Baptisms — Sixty Baptisms at Boli — Twenty-three Baptisms at Belaga — Wadrokal leaving Santa Cruz — Bishop ill — G. Sarawia ailing — Six schools at Mota with attendance of 158 — Motalava, Ra, Vanua Lava, all doing well — Nineteen Baptisms at Urcparapara — Sickness and quarrelling at Santa Maria — Mr. Brittain at Raga — Mr. Bice at Opa — Great progress at Tanrig — Bishop returns ill to Norfolk Island — Returns to Islands with Mrs. Selwyn — Visit to Maewo — Merelava — Mota — Santa Cruz — Natei and his nine wives — Ordination of Walter Woser — Baptism of seventeen adults