History of Kansas: from the first exploration of the Mississippi valley, to its admission into the Union: embracing a concise sketch of Louisiana; American slavery, and its onward march; the conflict of free and slave labor in the settlement of Kansas, and the overthrow of the latter, with all other items of general interest

Front matter

HISTORY

OP

KANSAS:

Preface

Kansas has a history which is common with no other State in the Union. The history of Slavery in onr comitry is the history of successive triumphs and continued advances over the will of a majority of, our people, until it entered into a hand to hand grapple with Free Lahor in Kansas. Here was the battle-field of the combined forces of the " Irrepressible Conflict," and here the question of supremacy between its opposing elements was finally settled. Slavery triumphed in every Territory where she sought to establish her dominion until she provoked, by tearing down the bulwarks of Plighted Faith, a single-handed contest with Free Labor in the settlement of Kansas, upon the principles of Pox3ular Sovereignty.

To the people of this Territory, aided by friends^ in the Free States, therefore, belongs the honor of first repelling the advances of Slavery, and of forever destroying its power. Slave propagandists felt this, and hence, when the question was decided in Kansas, they turned in their wrath upon the General Government, Avhich had been to Slavery an indulgent and fostering guardian, to take its life, whereby to rid themselves of its control.

Few have fully comprehended the awful character and extent of the desperate conflict in Kansas. Both

6 PREFACE.

parties upheld by the pecuniary means and moral support of their respective States, engaged in it Avith the most intense and inflamed spirit of partisans. Plans, deep, dark and far-reaching, were laid by the great minds of the nation, and found their execution in Kansas. Worse than civil war reigned, worse than its concomitant evils prevailed.

To fully understand the character of the Xansas conflict requires a proper acquaintance with the aggressions of Slavery in the United States upon Freedom, of which the Kansas trouble was but the outgrowth or culmination. I have, therefore, inserted a short sketch of that Institution.

The history of Kansas is a difiicult one to write. Though there is an incalculable amount of material which can be gathered together, still facts were so perverted and diflerently represented by contemporary writers, that the searcher for truth is often lost and puzzled in his investigations. Much, too, of the history of Kansas has never been written. The designs and motives of each party, and many of their plans, can not be found on paper, all of which so essential to a complete history of Territorial struggle, must be gathered from men who are still living, and to whom they are familiar.

There is no complete and consecutive history of Kansas Territory. The books which have been written upon Kansas matters cover but a short space of time, and contain but a partial fnid disjointed sketches of those times. They were written in great haste for campaign documents, and hence were in many instances highly colored and inaccurate.

Most of the important documents bearing upon Kansas history are scarce and difiicult to find. There is no public library or historical society in the State which has made the collection. The writer has been at the trouble and pains to make this collection himself, which he has found more difiicult than the labor

PREFACE. 7

of writing the book. In a few years this work could not have been done. Documents would have been lost, families moved away, and thus some of the most essential items in the history of Kansas become oblivious.

The uxwRiTTEX history of Kansas could never be w^RiTTEX so Avell as at the present time, while most of the actors in the early troubles of the Territory are still living. The author has visited those, made their acquaintance, whom he has ever found open and communicative on all subjects, and from whom he has gathered much valuable assistance.

To supply what seemed to be a great public demand has been my design in undertaking the preparation of this volume. I liave had but one idea to guide me in its compilation, and that is Truth. By this I have sought to test every word and sentence. I have sought not only to avoid misrepresentation, but also another very common fault into which writers are })rone to fall — exaggeration of f\icts ; but I have labored to describe events exactly as they transpired, without underrating or over coloring them. How far I have succeeded in accomplishing this purpose is left to the impartial judgment of the public to decide.

In the prosecution of this work, I have enjoyed many advantages. Totally imconneeted with the Territorial difficulties, without any political or personal preferments, my judgment has been wholly free from prejudice and partiality. I have freely consulted with men of all parties and opinions, from all of whom I have gathered much information. Books, tiles of papers, letters and documents of various kinds have come to me from every quarter. In this way m}?- labors have been greatly facilitated, and I take this oj^portunity to make a public acknowledgement of these favors, which are the more appre-

» PREFACE.

ciated as I am a stranger in the State. It would be tedious to mention all who haA'e rendered me much invaluable assistance, but I cannot forbear to name the State Auditor. JMr. Swallow, and State Librarian, Dr. Hounton, who has permitted me the use of the library, as though it were my own; Mr. Barker, Secretary of State and jNIr. Clarkson, Clerk in that office, who have allowed me free access to official records; Hon John W. Forman of Atchison, who has furnished me, among other valuable documents, a complete file of the "Squatter Sovereign;" Dr. A. Huntting of Manhattan, who sent me several valuable scra^^-books; lion, G. W. Smith of Lawrence, who furnished me a complete file of the " Herald of Freedom"; Hon. Joel Grover, of Lawrence, who supplied me with some rare documents; Col. C. K, Holliday of Topeka, who has given me many important items; LEon. J. A. Halderman of Leavenworth, through whose influence I obtained access to the Mercantile Library of that city, and the use of its excellent files of old papers; Hon. S. A. Kingman of Atchison, who has assisted me in various ways; Gov. Robinson, to whom I am much indebted, as also to Col. Montgomery, whose assistance and hospitality I have enjoyed; Hon. J. A. Wakefield who wrote out some early reminescences for me; Hon. George Hillyer who furnished me a file of the "Kansas Freeman"; Hon. John Hitchie from whom I obtained valuable official documents; S. M. McDonald and Baker of the "State Record" who have greatly assisted me; Hon, James Christian who has the most valuable library in the Territory. J. N. H.

Chapter I

History op Louisiana — How Connected with History of Kansas; Ferdinand de Soto's Expedition to the Interior of the United States; The Century that Elapsed; Indian Reports of a Great River in the West; Marquette's Expedition Down the Mississippi; La Honton's Travels; La Salle's Explorations of the Mississippi, and his Unsuccessful Atten>pt to Found a Colony at its Month; De Iberville Repeats the Effort to Colonize Lower Louisiana with Belter Success ; Sufferings of the Colony; Crozat Acquires Control of it; He Fails; Louisiana in the Hands of the Western Company 21-27

CHAPTER n.

History op Louisiana — The Company's Operations ; Its Prosperity Not Real; Surrenders its Charter; What was Accomplished for the Colony under its Auspices ; On its Reversion to the King he Chastises the Indians; Boundaries of Louisiana; England and Spain Jealous of French Prosperity; Conflicting Claims of England and France; English Attempt to Settle the North-western Territory ; The French Oppose this Movement ; Rupture Between the two Nations Which Gives Rise to the French War; Treaty of Paris; Part Spain Played, and Her Loss; Franca Cedes the Remnant of Louisiana to Spain; Cession Kept Secret for Awhile; Discontent when Made Known ; The American Revolution and its Results; Part Spain Played and Her Gain; Treaty of 1795; Attempts to Form a Separate Government in the South-western States ; United States Alarmed on Hearinsj of the Treaty of St. Udefonso; Jefferson Negotiates to Purchase Louisiana; Bonaparte's Remarks upon the Subject; Treaty of 1803; United States Takes Possession of Louisiana; Its Division and Organization by Congress. 28-37

Chapter III

Introduction and Establishment of African Slavery in the United States Against the Wishes op the People — What the History of Slaverv in the United States Shows; Thrust. npon the Colonies by England against their Remonstrances, as shown irj the history of Massacbosetts, Virginia, Georgia, New York, New Entjiaiid States, and South Carolina; The Declaration of Indeper deuce embodies the aeuiimeLis of the People in retra'd to Slavery; Suppressed Article; Action of Continental CoogreFS against it; Effort in 1Y84 to Prohibii Slavry from the Territorien of the United States; Prohibition of 1787; Slavery Triumph in the Constitutional ConveHtion; Soutti Carolina and Georgia Cede their 1 erritory to th^ Union ou Conditions; Slave Trade followed by Slave Breeding 38-46

Chapter IV

Tkiusiph op Slavery in 1820 — Missouri Petit ons Congress for Admisbion; Referred to a Committee ; Report not acted upon that Session ; Petition renewed at next Session ; Slavery Restrictiou Introduced; Bill Lost; Arkansas Territory O-g-anized ; Magnitude of the Missouri Question; Popular Excitement during the Summer; Position and Arguments of the two Parties; The Sixteenth Congress; Tbe Missouri Question Engages its Attention : Mr. Taylor's Amendment; The Stormy Debate; Its CoAracter; Selections from the Speech of Mr. Otis, of Mr. Barbour, and others, Mr. Thomas' Amendment; The Voiie; i be two ilouses Disagree; The Committee of Conference; The C-.'mpromise; Missouri forms a Constitution; Objectionable to Congress; Admitted upon Conditions; She Complies with Them 46-56

Chapter V

Triumph of Slavery in the Annexation of Texas. — Qaeation about the Bjundaries of Louisiana; Treaty v^ith Spain; A Southern Move ; jlexico Gains her Independenci*; Te.^as Colonized— R'jvolts and Asks to be Annexed to the United States ; The Annexation and Provisions; Opposition to the Annexation; President's Proposition to Cr,ngres8 to Satisfy Mexico with Money; Qaeation as to the Character of Labor in toe Territory; Wilmot Provi-o — Lost; Popular Sovereignty First Enunciated— Not Popular; Attempt to Organize the Terri tory; Resumed in 1850; Slavery Holds the Missouri Compromise Sacred ; Compromise; What the South Gained 56—63

Chapter VI

Kansas-Nebraska Act— Slavery Tricmph— Relation of Both Parties to trie Missouri Compromise; Its fir.^t Infraction in 1836; Petitions for Organizing Territory West of Mia:'Ouri ; Opposition of the South ; Bill tor Its Organization in the 33d Congress; Validity of trie Missouri Compromise First Questioned; Plighted Faith ; S A. Douglas at First Startles but Resolves not to be Outbid; His Kansas-Nebrask Bill; Position of the Two Far lies; Motion of Mr. Douglas; Mr. Chase's Motion Mr. Badger's Motion ; Mr. Clayton's Motion; Mr. Chase's Pioposition; Bill Passes the Senate; Bill in the House; Parliamentary Maneuver of Hon. A H, Stephecs; Bill Forced Through; Congressional Globe; Bill in the Senate ; Atchison's Speech; Signed by the President; Design of Organizing Two Territories i 64—72.

CHAPTER VII.— 1854. An Act to Organize tub Terkitory of Kansas 74-8G

Antiquities op Kansas — Kansas Antiquitioa not remote; i he Name; Discovered in 1705; Explored i'l 1719; Spanish Expedition and Battle in 1720; The French Establish a Fort on tne Missouri: Expedition of Louis and Cla^^•; First Steamboat np the Missouri; The Fur Trade; Sanifi Fe Trade; Indiana Troable the 'IVaitKs; Council Grove; Ootiitting Posts; Mas;- nifude of this Trade; For-; Le ivenworth; Removal of the Indiana from the East; Fort Scott; Fremont; Trains Across to the Pacific; The Border iu the Mes.ic<iii War and Gold Excitement in California j^ Description of Prairie Commerce - ..• 87-95

Chapter Ix.— 1854

A Survey of the Battle Tield and the Contestants Before the Conflict — Kansas Regarded as a Barren Wa>?te; Bailor known, af't^r Califorr.ia Eonii^iatiou ; People of Missouri; Slavery and Kansas Territory; Atchison's Speech; Character of the People on the Border; Effect of Atchison's Spe<;ch; His Biography; Feeling of the People af er the Repeal of the Missouri Com uromise; Feeling of the Free States; Determined to Contest its Settlement; Advantages oa tie Side of Slavery 96-105

CHAHTER X— 1854.

Pro-.^lavery, Emigration, and Emigrant aid Societies — Emigration from Missouri; Politicians hold Sqna'ter Meeti' as; Resolutions of the First Convf^niion in Kansas; abolitionists; Founding of Leavenworth; Of Atchison; Free State Men not Idle; Appeals of the Press; Ort;anization of Aid Societies; New England Emigrunt Aid Society; Its Design, Character, and Mode of Operating; Emigrant Aid Company of New York and Cincinnai; Union Emigration Society; Their Primary Object; Not IJleg'.l nor Dishonorable 106-115

Chapter Xi— 1854

Free State Emigratign, Hostile Preparations, akd Tue Beginning OF Difficulties Free State Sf^ttleis ; Disturbed by Missourians; Squatter Government ; C. H Branscomb; Fir.-t ^et tiement of Lawrence; Of Topeka ; M^inhattrin ; Gr.'*sshopp(=r Fall-; What the Fmigrant Aid Societies Did, and Especially the New England; The Border Alarmed; Platte Argu."?; The Pas'^ions of the Border Men Excited; Resolutions at Border Meetings ; Reward Offered for Eli Thayer; Threats T.-wards A. Gnthne; Platte County Self-Defensive Association; Remarks of the Border Chiefs ; Livesand Characters of the String-fellows ; Missouri Se<.'ret Societies.; Real and Avowed Causes of thei.- Formation; Self Defensives Seize T, A Minttrdand an O'd Citizen; Arraign Rev, F. Starr; Seek to Control Tr.-de; Citizens Pr test Against Them; They Remove their Headquarters from Weston ; First Invasion of Lawrence ••• 116-130

CH AFTER ?XIi— 1854.

Inauguration op Government — No Government for four months, bat all was orderly; Territorial Officers Appointei ; Biography of Governor Reeder; llis Arrival at Leavenworth; Tour through the Territory ; Proclamation for Election, not Palatable to Pro-slavery Men ; The Convention at Leavenworth ; Its Correspondence with Governor Reeder; The Candidates lor Delegate to Congress; Slavery not en Issue; The Election; Frauds; Sommary of the Returns; J. W. Whitfield Elected; Popular Sovereignty Exemplified; Courts Opened 131-137

Chapter Xiii— 1855

Electing Territorial Legislature —Mild Winter; Census Tflken; Returns; Anecdote; Disaffection of Pro-Slavery Men; Proclamation for an Election of Territorial Legislature ; Slavery Made the Issue; Preparations in Missouri; Invasion of the Territory and Stuffing Ballot-boxes; At Lawrence; Bloomington ; Sixteenth District; Eiohteenth ; Abstract of Election Returns; Excuse for Illegal Voting; The Emigrant Aid Societies Took no Part in the Election; Free State did not all Vote ; A Fair and Full Vote Would Have Given a Free State Majority; Testimony of the City Attorney of St. Joseph; On Demand of Members Elect Governor Reeder Issues Crrtificates, Except in Six Districts ; Protests; Pro Slavery Men Incensed; Refuse to Participate in the New Election 138-153

Chapter Xiv— 1855

The Consequence— Feelings of Free State Men; Their Demeanor: Rejoicing on the Border; "Squatter Sovereign" Advises Extermination; A Convention to Intimidate Reeder; Destruction oi "Parkville Luminary"; Warning to Methodist Preachers; Meetings 8t Weston and Liberty; Murder of Clark; McCrea's Escape ; Pro-Slavery Men Enraged ; Notify Mr. Phillips to Leave; Another Meeting; Vigilance Committee Appointed; Phillips Carried to Weston, Tarred and Feathered, and otherwise Outraged; The xiction Endorsed by a Public Meeting; DilTeienoe in the Manners of Free Slate Men and Pro- Slavery Men 154-158

: CHAPTER XV— 1855.

Territorial Legislature — Governor Reeder Goes to Washington ; President Urges Him to Resign— But Tbey Cannot Agree Upon the 'J'erms of Correspondence Grounding His Resignation ; Other Positions OEFered Mr. Reeder ; He Returns to the Territory Feeling Insulted ; Territorial Legislature Assembles at Pawnee ; Both Houses Purge Themselves of the Free State Element ; Report of Committee on Credentials in the House — Minority Report; Protest of the Ousted Members; Motion of Judge Wakefield in Council ; Colonel Cofi'ey's Response to Wakefield's Interrogation; Report of Committee on Credentials; Protest of Free State Members ; Move the Temporary Seat of Government to Shawnee Manual Labor School Over the Governor's Veto ; Design of Calling Legielatnre at Pawnee ; Leaiislature at Shawnee Mission Frames a Code of Laws; Their Oppressive Features; Governor Refases to Recognize Them as a Legal Body; They Consult the Supreme Court of the Territory Which Renders a Judgment in Their Favor; Legislature Memorialize the President for Mr. Reeder's Removal ; Mr. Reeder Removed 158 — 167

Chapter Xvi— 1855

Causes of Reeder's Removal Considered — Causes; Pawnee; Reeder Interested; Jeff. Davis Orders the Removal of the Inhabitants; Orders not Observed Until the Fall of 1855— When it is Carried Out; Half Breed Kaw Lands; Reeder's Speculation No Speculation At All; Governor Reeder's Career Praise Worthy; Members of Legislature Attend to Their Own Interest; Complaints of Their Constituents ; Hon. Wilson Shannon Appointed Governor; His Biography; A Copy of the Laws Punishing Offenses A^^ainst Slave Property 168 — 176

Chapter Xvii— 1855

Free State Movements— Oppression of Free State Men ; Tbey Petition in Vain; Determine to Protect Themselves by Peaceable Means First ; Convention at Lawrence on the 8th of June ; National Democratic on the 27lh; Free State Men on the 11th of July ; Mass Convention on the Idth of August; The Union Mass Convention on the 15th takes Prelimina'^y Steps for a Constitutional Convention ; Organization of the Free State Party; Platform; Very Conservative; Reasons; Report of Committee on State Organization ; On Legislative Matters of the Teriitory ; Provides for Election of Delegate to Congress ; Reeder Defended from Charges and Nominated; Judge Smith's Speech; Reeder's Response; Topeka Delegate Convention 19th of September ; Its Resolutions. 177-189

Chapter Xviii— 1855

Free State Movements — Continued — People's Proclamation : Call for an election of Delegates to Constitutional Convention ; The Absorbing Topic Discussed; Election of Delegates to Congress; An Amusing Incident; Topeka Constitutional Convention; Character of the Body; Vote on Striking Out "White;" On Approving Squatter Sovereignty: Excluding Free Negroes; The Constitution; Signers, their Occupation, &c. 190-199

Chapter Xix— 1855

Various Evenes — Free State Emigration; Improvements; Poor ClasH of New Emigrants; Disease; Secretary Woodson ; Convention at Lexington, Missouri, of Border Chiefs ; Secret Organization; Kansas Legion; Pat. Laughlan's Expose; EfiForts to Involve Free State Men in Legal Difficulties; Policy of Free State Men, especially at Lawrence; Another Secret Organization; Its Character and Object; Outrage at Atchison on J. W. B. Kelley; Resolutions ; Rev. Pardee Butler sent afloat on the Missouri River; Collins Killed by Laughland ; How Shannon's Appointment was Viewed by the People of ihe Border; Hia Arrival at Kansas City ; Commits Himself lo Slavery; Pleases Pro-Slavery Men ; Address to the " Law-and- Order People;" Call for a Convention ; Object of the Movement; The Convention; Remarks by Shannon, Calhoun, Parrott, Judge Lecomptu and Woodson 200-212

Chapter Xx— 1855

Beginning of the Wakarusa War — Disputes About Claims ; Hickory Point; Origin of Difficulties; Coleman kills Dow ; Murderer Flees to Westport and Surrenders Himself to Sheriff Jones; Oflfense to the Dead ; Funeral; Conven'.ion; Jones — His Character and History ; Starts to Lecompton With His Prisoner; Obtains a Writ to Anest Branson ; The Arrest ; The Rescue ; Excuse for the Rescue; Lawrence and It3 Action ; Design in Making the Arrest; Sheriff Jones Writ^^s to Missouri for Help and to the Governor for Three Thousand Troops ; Governor's Letter to Major General Richardson: Excitement in Missoori — Inflammatory Appeal; Shannon's Pi-oclamation ; Woodson's Letter to Atchison 213—225

Chapter Xxi— 1855

Wakarusa War — Missouri's Response ; The Forces in Camp About Lawrence — Object in Surrounding the Town; Editors of the Squatter Sovcieign in the Field; Lawrence Dismisses the Rescuers and Prepares ior Defense; Sends Couriers Through the Territory and Calls for Assistance; The Response; Leavenworth Delegation ; Report of the Committee .n Governor's Proclamation ; Petition to ihe President ;' Colonel Sumner Solicited to Interfere; Memorial to Congress; Preparatious ht Lawrence — Its Forces and Fortifications; Sheriff Jones in Town ; Ruffians fear to attack ; General Eastin's Letter to Governor Shannon; The Latter Telegraphs to the President — Writes to Colonel Sumner; Sumner's Reply; Shannon Acting upon Sumner's Suggestion, writes to' Sheriff Jones and Richardson; The Replies of these Two Gentlemen ; Shannon again Writes to Sumner; Committee of Safety's Letter to Governor Shannon; The Dopatatiou (rom Lawrence, and Their Representation to tie Governor; The Interview; The Governor Sees that He has been Imposed Upon ; Goes to Wakarusa Camp; Label's to Quell the Commotion; Again Asks Aid of Colonel Snmner; Ruffians Attempt to Intercept His Dispatch; Sumner Refuses to Move; Anderson's Letter; The "Black Flag" to be Raised; Pomeroy Intercepted; Indian Chiefs Offer Aid to Lawrence; Clark's Pottowatomies 226-242

Chapter Xxii— 1855

Thk Misunderstanding — Thomas Barber; His Wife; Parting Scene; He Goes to Lawrence; Particulars of His Murder; The Widow's Asony; Effect Upon the Free State Boys; Deputation Sent to Conduct the Governor into Town ; The Conference; The Governor is Satisfied of His Mistake; He Returns to the Pro-Slavery Camp ; Hia Orders to General Richardson ;

He Arranges for a Conference; Retnrns to Lawrence ; Signs i he Treaty; Dissatisfaction: The Treaty; Conference on the Wakarusa; Attempt to Assassinate Lane and Robinson; Shannon's Orders to the Pro-Slavery Leaders to Disband their Forces ; D sappointment of the Raffians ; He Authorizes Robinson and Lane to Defend the Town ; Incidents ; The Social ; Disbanding the Forces ; A Tribute to the Ladies of Lawrence. 243-255

CHAPTER XXIII— 18o5

Robinson and Lank — Life and Charactsr ot Governor Robinson ; Life and Cuaracter of Hon. J. H. Lane; Robinson's Address to the Soldiers on the (.'ocaaion of Their IJiabandment; Arrest and Trial of Some of the Rescuers; "Border Ruffians;" Their Character 256-265

Chapter Xxiv— 1855-6

Various Events op the Winter — Vote on Topeka Constitution ; Destruction of the Polls at Leavenworth ; Mustering Out of Territorial Militia; Destruction of th? Press of the " Territorial Register;" M. W. Delahay ; Convention to Nominate Free State Officers; The Election of State Officers Under Topeka Constitution ; Election at Leavenworth; Disturbances at Eastin; Pro-Slavery Man Killed; Free State Men Made Prisoners; All Escape ercept Brown, who is Murdered; Resolutions of the Legislature; Further Troubles at Eastin; Severity of the Winter... 266-2T3

Chapter Xxv— 1856

Extermination — President's Message; Border Ruffians Determine to Exterminate; Jones' Letter to Robinson and Lane; Their Reply ; The Treaty Exploded ; Preparations Alons; the Border ; Dr. Stringfellow's Proposition to Buy Arms; " Kickapoo Pioneer" ontheWarciy; Atchison's Harangue; The Border Chiefs send a Messenger to Washington to Preserve the loflaence of the Administration; They Succeed; "J he South Comes to the Rescue; Buford's Move; Extract from the "Eufaul>: Spirit of the South;" Action of Alabama; Resolntions in Mississippi; Southern Emigrants; Border Chiefs Go South to Lecture; Atchison's Letter to the South 274-282

Chapter Xxvi— 1856

Free State Preparations and Proclamation of the President — Apprehensions of the Free State Men ; Alarming Reports from the Border; Dark Prospect of the Free State Men ; Lawrence Prepares for the Worst; Action of the Executive Committee; Deputation to the Fre-; States; Letters to the President; His Proclamation; Aimed at Free State Men; Satisfactory to Border Ruffians, except in One Respect; Governor Authorized to Employ the United States Troops 283-288

Chapter Xxvii— 1856

State Legislature — Winter passes by without any Invasion ; Rumors that the Legislature would be Arrested ; Assembling of the State Legislature ; Its Organization ; Governor's Message; Acts of the Legislature; Territorial Executive Committee Makes its Report and Closes its Existence; Its History; Territorial Free State Scrip ; Names of Members of the Legislature 289-295

Chapter Xxviii— 1856

Congress — Investigating Committee — Thirty-fourth Congress ; Reader Contests Whitfield's Seat; Appointment of the Investigating Committee; The Resolutions; The Committee; Their Action; Their Report; Its Summary; The Appointment of the Committee the Work of Anti-Slavery Men ; Bitterly Opposed by Pro-Slavery Men ; Border Chiefa Enraged ; Renew Their Threats of Extermination; The Quarantine; Pardee Butler Again Outraged; Whitfield Ousted ; (Topeka Constitution in Congress — see Appendix.) 296-302

Chapter Xxix— 1856

The Leading Free State Men Arrested or Driven from the Territory— Interest in Kansas; S. N.Wood; Southern Emigrants; Buford's RegiTient; Attempts at Arrests; Sheriff Jones again Enraged ; Calls on the Govsmor for Help : Governor Writes For and Obtains Troops ; Sumner's Letter to the Mayor ol Lawrence; Sheriff Aaain in Lawrence and Makes Arrests; Is Shot in the Evening; Action of the Citizens; Sam. Salters Continues the Arrests ; Hiding of Free State Men ; Lawrence Environed; Colonel Sumner; Writes a Letter to Dr. Robinson ; The Reply ; Attemot to Arrest Reeder ; Failure; Writs for Leadin!; Free State Men ; Their Conference at Tecumseh: Decide to Call State Legislature and Elude the Arrest until It Meets; Governor Robinson Starts East; Is Intercepted; Mrs. Robinson Goes On; Governor Brought Back; Escape of Reeder; Arrest of G. W. Brown and Gaius Jenkins; Copy of the Indictment for Treason 303-311

Chapter Xxx— 1856

The Siege of Lawrence — Lawrence Again Besieged; "Squatter Sovereign; " Proclamation of the Secretary; Letter to Governor Shannon ; His Reply; Action in Regard to Secretary's Proclamation; People Without a Leader; Committee of Safety; Its Policy; Resigns; A New Committee; Its Policy and Reasons; Federal Troops; The Embarrassment; Discontent; Many Leave Lawrence; The Invading Forces; Detention of a United States Officer; Arms Seized; Persons Arrested; Cox's Visit to the Pro-Slavery Camp ; Letter Irom Lawrence to Secretary Woodson; His Reply, Efforts to Avert the Calamity; The Special Effort; A Failure; Murder of Jones and Stewart; A Final Peace Effort to Ward Off the Blow 312-328

Chapter Xxxi— 1856

The Sack of Lawrence — The Invading Forces ; They Appear Behind Lawrence ; Scene in Lawrence ; Marshal Enters Town ;

Makes Arrests ; Hands Over His Posse to SheriflF Jones ; Letter from the Committee of Sa'ety to the Marshal ; Jones Enters Town and Deniarda the Arms, wbich are Given Up; Atchison's Speech ; Invaders Enter the Town ; Indictnr.ents Against Public Build:n-?s; Destruction of the "Free State Press"; Of the "Herald of Freedom ; " Hotel Demolished; Description of the JJuildings ; Jones in His Glo:y; Plunder ing; The Loss 329-338

CHAPTER XXXri— 1856.

Djfficulties AT Leatekworth — Retiring Invaders: Another War Appeal; Free State Guerrillas; Lecorapton Affrighted; Attack on Captain Walker; Affray at Mr. Storr's; Governor Searches for Arras ; Efforts to Break Up the Congressional Investigation; Notice; Arrests. 339-344

Chapter Xxxiii— 1856

" Old Brown's " Warfare — Life asd Cbaracter of John Brown, Sen.; John Rrown, Jr., Marches to the Rescue of Lawrence; Pottowatomie Murders; Causes to bn Deplored; Pretext for new O.Urages; Young Brcwn'a Company Disbanded; Old i rown on the War Path ; Captain Patf/s Invasion ; Takes Two of Brown's Sons Pri.^oners; Encamps ou Blackjack; Plunders Palmyra and Takes Prisoners; The Battle; Escape of Dr. Graham; Tie Surrender; Attack on Franklin; Gathering of Missourians on Bull Creek; Governor's Proclamation; Gathering of the Free State Forces ; Colonel Samner's Arrival; Disperses Shore's Men and Brown's; Sumner Visits Whitfield's Camp; Whitfield's Forcr^>i Divide; One Goes to Missouri with the Prisoners, Some of Whom They Kill ; The Other to Osawatomie and Sack It., 315-362

Chapter Xxxiv— 1856

Relief for Kansas and the Dispersion op the Legislatitre — Reign of Terror ; Emigrants from Illinois Driver, Back ; Boats Seized and returned ; Aid from the East; Wisconsin First to Move; Rev. Henry Ward BeecheratNew Haven; Illinois; Grand Kansas Aid Committee; Beaton and State Kansas Committees; Causes of Popular Interest; Excitement in the South; ProteC' tion for the State Legislature; Call for Extra Session; Preparations for Arresting It; The Extra Session; Communication with Colonel Sumner; Secretary Woodson Visita the Convention; Entrance of Colonel Sumner ; The Dispersion... 363-376

Chapter Xxxv-1856

Bold Strokes AND Extermination — Colonel Sumner Superseded; General Smith; General Lane's Advent ; Guerrillas; Taking of the Pro-Slavery Fort; Murder of Major Hoyt; Franklin Taken; Fort Saunders; Titus' House Attacked; Stampede at Lecompton; Governor Shannon's Second Treaty; Outrages; Resignation and Removal of Governor Shannon ; Extermination Again; The B.rder Circular; Appeal of the " Law-andOrder Pflrtj;" V/oodson's Proclamation; "Squatter Sovereign's" "Third and Last Time;" Militia Called Out; Skirmish on Middle Creek; March Upon Osawatomie; The Battle; Town Sacked 3 and Burnt; The Rasnlt; Depredations About Lecompton ; Orders to Destroy Topeka; Topeka Boys on a March; Colonel Harvey's Men at Slouch Creek ; Demonstrations Before Lecompton; Release of f'risoners ; Barbarites at Leavenworth; Reign of Terror Compieie; Release of Free State Prisoners.. 377-394

Chapter Xxxvi— 1856

GoTERSoa Geary — Governor Geary's Appointment — His Biography; Pro-Slavery Men Disspti-fied; Their Address; Their Deji^n ; Governor's Anival and What he Saw ; His Inaugural ; Ord: rs the Militia to Disband ; Force about Lawrence ; Panic at Lrteonapton; Affray at Hickory Point; Sketch of Captain Whipple's Life; Arrest of Harvey's Men; Their Trial; The Forces Around Lawrence; Visit of the Governor; the "Militia." 395-406

Chapter Xxxvii— 1856

The Courts — Territorial Courts ; Judge Cato; Murder of Baffum ; Efforts to Arrest the Murderer and Bring Him to Justice ; Life and Character ol Judee Lecompte ; Geary seeks to Arouse the Judges to a Sense of Duty ; Re'luses Troops to Make Arrests... 407-412

Chapter Xxxviii— 1856

Lane's Northern Army — Emigra ion Gathers in Iowa; Irs Character; First Company Throu.;h; Opening the Way ; The Army; Efforts to Check this Emigration ; Redpath'a Company; Deputation Calls on the Governor; Pcmeroy and Eldridge's Company; The Governor's Account; Geary's Prejudices. 413-421

Chapter Xxxix- 1856-57

Peace — Arrest op the Free State Legislature — Reign of Peace ; D's'.urbancps at Leavenworth Slopped; Territorial Troops; Election for Delegate to Congress; Governor's Tour ; Troubles in Southern Kansas; Generous Offer of Vermont ; Thadyos Hyatt's Scheme; Geary's Administration; Peace Efforts; State Legislature Assembles; Resignation of Robinson; His Explanntion; Sheriff Jones' Scheme; Members Arrested 422-427

Chapter Xl— 1857

Territorial Legislature— Territorial Legislature Convenes; Objectionable Acts; Qaarrels with the Governor; William T. Sherrard; Cause of the DilScalty; S!i?.rrard Asaails Jones and others; Offers Indignities to 'he Governcr ; Efforts to Censure Sherrard; Indifference of Judge Cato ; Indignation Meetini:s; One at Lecompton; Resolutions ; Sherrard Killed; Naiiouai Democratic Party o! Kansas Territory; Death of Richardsoii ; Treasurer's Report; Geary Forsaken; R-presentatives at Washington; Geary Resig.Ts; Flees from the Territory; Parallel Between Reeder and Geary; New Appointments 428-440

CP AFTER XLI— 1857.

Question of VoTcra for Delegates to the Lecompton Constitutional Convention — Life ol Hon. R. J. Walker; Object of His Appointment; Sketch of Hon. F. P. Stanton's Lite; Arrival of the Latter -t Lecompton, Their Policy; Fre-; St^ite Men lacredulous; Vote for Calling the State Convention ; ProvisioDS for Talking the Census; ProTisions for the Election of Delegates; Census Returns; Law Not Complied With; The ADportionmeut; Mr. Stanton's Speech; Governor Walker on the Election in his Inaugural; Reasons Why Free State Men 'fid n t Contest the Election ; Pro-Slavery Men Censure Walker; Extract from Richmond Pap;r; Free State Men Resolv.i not to contest the Election; State Legislature Convenes... 441-454