The history of Connecticut, from the first settlement of the colony to the adoption of the present constitution

Front matter

GENEALOGY COLLECTION

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V

Preface

^1208921

When employed in writing the first volume of this work, it was a pleasure to dwell upon the traits of individual men who fell under my observation. But on reaching the period of the last French war, the population of the colony was found to have multiplied so rapidly that the task became more difficult, and when the attempt was made to give an account of men who lived, and events which transpired three quarters of a century later, it appeared almost impossible to embrace within a small volume even an outline of our history. Aware of the many imperfections of this work, it would be ungrateful in me not to acknowledge that it would have been much more open to criticism than it is, had not the contributions of friends, too numerous to be named here, been used without stint as they were given without reserve.

The names of some of these contributors have been already mentioned in notes. To them should be added those of the Rev. Tryon Edwards, D.D., the Rev. Chauncey A. Goodrich, D.D., the Hon. Roger S. Baldwin, LL. D., the Hon. O. S. Seymour, the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, LL. D., the Hon. Joseph Trumbull, LL. D., the Hon. S. P. Beers, the Hon. Henry Barnard, LL. D., the Rev. Gurdon Robbins, and of Charles F. Sedgwick, Ralph D. Smith, George C. Woodruff, Gustavus F. Davis, Dwight Morris, John C. Comstock, and Charles J. Hoadley, Esquires.

Most especially do I acknowledge an indebtedness which I never can repay to ray excellent friend, P. K. Kilbourn, A.M., of Litchfield, for more than two years of unintermitted toil by day and by night, in reading over, copying, collating, and indexing the records of the colony of New Haven, as well ;&s those of Connecticut ; in gathering all the fragmentary evidence, so valueless in its crude state, of fifteen of our old towns, and placing it at my disposal ; in compiling and arranging the appendix to both volumes ; in preparing the major part of the notes to be found in this work 5 in searching printed authorities and miscellaneous manuscripts, and writing letters, scrutinizing the evidences which have been woven into the text, and in short, doing what I had neither the time nor ability to do in adding to the historical value and to the completeness of the work. I should have been unable to do even the little that I have done, without him, and am not willing to let this occasion pass without attempting to do him justice. As a genealogist, I have never seen his superior.

I am also indebted to John Kilbourn, A.M., for some valuable statistics, and for other assistance which I had little occasion to expect from one not born in Connecticut, and who had spent most of his life in other states.

iv

PKEFACE.

As this work was not commenced under the promptings of any desire to obtain money or win popularity, but from the mere love of the subject of which it treats, I have no occasion to solicit the indulgence of the public. Still the kindness of the legislature of the state, whose history I have attempted to illustrate, in making an appropriation to aid me in embellishing my work with portraits of some of her noblest sons, I can no more forget, than I can be unmindful of the generosity and eloquence with which that appropriation was advocated by John Cotton Smith, Esquire, then a comparative stranger to me, and the assiduity with which he has aided the work in too many ways to be mentioned in a single paragraph.

In another part of this volume, I have made a brief allusion to the kind assistance afforded me by my personal friend Mr. George F. Wright. It is a source of much pleasure to me, when I reflect that the old town within whose limits we both were born, can count among her Masons, her Porters, her Days, her Whittleseys, her Kirbys, her Mitchels, her Wheatons, her Bushnells,her Brinsmades, her Leavitts, and her other historical names, an artist whose fine genius and taste will be devoted to adorn the little republic whose name is but a synonym for Liberty. The two designs for the state coat of arms that appear in this work, as well as the elegant paintings from which Governors Saltonstall, and John Cotton Smith, were engraved, were all done by his hand.

Doubtless the critical reader will discover in this volume errors which ought to be corrected, and will find that many events and many names have been either omitted entirely or briefly touched upon, which will seem to him deserving of a more minute notice.

Will the careful antiquary, more especially if he be a descendant of those men who have fought the battles of the colony, or aided in making its laws, be kind enough to forward to the author such facts as he has in his possession, and impart in a private and friendly way his views upon all points of our history which appear to him to have been neglected. All such suggestions will be thankfully received, and will afford a basis of future estimate, as well of men as of causes and effects. Perhaps the reader who has formed his taste after such models as Dr. Robertson, will complain that this work does not follow in the old fashioned historical track. The author pleads guilty to the accusation. The day has gone by, when the mere dry details of wars, and civic intrigues, will ever be read with interest. The writer of the present day addresses himself not to the few who are versed in the dead languages, but to the many who read the English tongue.

Besides, this is a mere local history. It pretends to do nothing more than to give an account of a small commonwealth. In order to do this effectually, it is necessary to present in a lively way, the incidents connected with our progress as a people, from the earliest existence of our government. Sketches of individual character, of domestic life, pictures of " the age of home-spun," of the privations and the struggles which could tame the wild lands, wild men, and wild beasts of a new country, and sow its fallow ground with the seeds of civil and religious liberty, can alone " hold the mirror up to nature" and show us the very body and soul of our past.

Chapter I

The last French War. — A turn in our path ; "Windham county incorporated; incorporation of WiUington, East Haddam, Somers, Union, Harwinton, Canaan, Kent, Sharon, New Hartford, New Fairfield, Cornwall, Torrington, Salisbury, and Goshen ; jealousy of the French ; plan of fortifications ; the French reduce Nova Scotia ; hostilities continue ; the French and English commissioners fail in the attempts to negotiate a peace; the "Ohio Company;" encroachments of the French; Fort Du Quesne; Colonel George Washington's victory ; Fort Necessity ; Washington surrendered to De Villier ; meeting of commissioners at Albany ; consolidation opposed by Connecticut, and finally defeated ; opposition to the scheme of the ministry ; Braddock embarks at Cork ; vigilance of the French ; the French and English fleets ; letter from Sir Thomas Robinson ; troops to be raised ; bills of credit ; officers appointed ; expedition against Crown Point ; Baron Dieskan ; Colonel WilKams, Hendrick, and others, slain ; the provincials repulsed, but finally victorious ; more troops raised and officers appointed ; the objects accomplished ; General Wilham Johnson knighted ; Shirley's expedition ; close of the campaign of 1755

Chapter II

Campaigns of 1756 and 1759. — Declaration of war between France and England ; Shirley superceded by Abercrombie ; plan of the campaign ; Winslow appointed to command the expedition against Crown Point ; Abercrombie proceeds to Albany with his British troops; jealousy between the British and Colonial officers; Earl of Loudoun ; his arrogance ; gallant defense of Colonel Bradstreet ; inefficiency of General Webb ; Montcalm ; Fort Oswego besieged ; death of Colonel Mercer ; the garrison capitulates ; conduct vi

CONTENTS.

of Montcalm and his Indian allies ; retreat of General Webb ; inglorious close of the campaign of 1756 ; the contrast; chagrin of the people of New England ; preparations for a new campaign ; arrival of the fleet from England ; expedition against Crown Point abandoned ; Lord Loudoun's expedition against Louisbourg ; his return to New York ; General Webb visits Fort William Henry ; Israel Putnam ; Fort William Henry reinforced by Colonel Monroe ; Montcalm opens the siege ; Monroe implores assistance from General Webb ; the general advises him to "surrender ; he capitulates ; Montcalm neglects to provide a suitable escort ; Indian barbarities ; Putnam visits the scene of slaughter ; more troops called for; response of Connecticut 45

Chapter III

Campaign of 1758. — Convention of governors at Hartford ; the conference proves unsatisfactory ; chagrin of Lord Loudoun ; he is superceded by General Abercrombie ; the curse of bad rulers ; recapitulation ; the new ministry ; popularity of Pitt ; special assembly convened ; plan of a new campaign ; apportionment of troops ; Connecticut votes to raise five thousand soldiers ; oflBcers appointed; bills of credit issued ; taxes laid; commissioners appointed; fleet and armament arrive from England ; movement agamst Louisbourg; capture of Louisbourg; expedition against Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; interview between Lord Howe and Major Putnam ; death of Lord Howe ; his character ; humanity of Putnam ; Colonel Bradstreet ; Colonel Whiting; Ticonderoga; an iil-contrived attack ; the assault abandoned ; indignation of the provincial and English troops; unpopularity of Abercrombie; Majors Rogers and Putnam ; Molang ; the ambush ; gallant conduct of Putnam ; his capture and torture ; the Indians attempt to burn him ; he is rescued by Molang ; review of the campaign 67

Chapter IV

Campaigns (>/'1759 and 1760. — Proposed plan of operations ; twenty thousand men wanted from the colonies ; the Assembly convened ; letter from Mr. Pitt ; it is resolved to raise three thousand six hundred soldiers in Connecticut ; officers appointed ; bills of credit ; our quota is increased to five thousand men ; General Amherst ; his march toward Lake Champlain ; he takes possession of

CONTENTS.

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Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; capture of Fort Niagara ; expedition of General Wolfe ; he encamps on the Isle of Orleans ; Quebec ; Admirals Saunders and Holmes ; Wolfe makes an attack, but is repulsed ; a council of officers ; it is determined to renew the attack; Gray's Elegy; the Heights of Quebec are scaled; the army arranged on the Plains of Abraham ; surprise of Montcalm ; his plan of battle ; the battle ; the fall of Wolfe ; death of Montcalm; the victory of the English and provincials; Monsieur Levi attempts to recover Quebec ; Murray attacks him, but is repulsed ; the enemy open the siege ; timely arrival of the English fleet ; the destruction of the French fleet ; flight of the French troops ; Connecticut resolves to raise five thousand fresh troops ; plan of a new campaign ; Amherst marches against Oswego ; exploits of Putnam on the Lake ; Montreal and the whole country claimed by the French, surrenders to Amherst ; a day of thanksgiving celebrated throughout New England ; the war continues ; Connecticut raises three thousand two hundred troops for the service ; the campaign ; reduction of Martinique, and other French islands ; reduction of Havanna ; ravages of disease ; peace ; Connecticut officers 92

Chapter V

The Stamp Act. — National Debt of England; the colonies to be taxed ; a new administration ; stamp duties ; the sugar act ; the people of New England excited ; a committee appointed to oppose the stamp act ; their report ; Richard Jackson, Esq. ; Jared Ingersoll, Esq. ; their opposition to the stamp act ; inquiries of Lord Halifax ; Ingersoll's remonstrance ; Colonel Barre ; his defense of the colonies ; passage of the stamp act ; opposition of the clergy ; measures of the populace ; Mr. Ingersoll accepts the office of stamp-master ; the Sons of Liberty ; the people insist upon the resignation of the stamp-master ; the cavalcade ; his resignation ; John Durkee ; Colonel Putnam and Governor Fitch ; repeal of the stamp act 120

CHAPTER YI.

The Boston Port Bill. — The new ministry ; Lord Greenville and Townshend ; new revenue bill ; alarm among the colonies ; mob in Boston ; ships of war and an armed force arrive in Boston ;

VUl

CONTENTS.

non-importation agreement ; mock-festival in Norwich ; a revenuesloop stationed at New London ; convention of the mercantile and landed interests at New Haven ; New York merchants censured for violating the articles of agreement ; domestic manufactures ; committees of inspection ; the Duke of Richmond ; the Boston Port Bill ; a day of humiliation and prayer ; war-like preparations in Connecticut ; contributions to the people of Boston ; meeting in Glastenbury ; Stonington ; letter from Joseph "Warren ; Putnam and Durkee ; the march toward Boston ; delegates to Congress ; recommendations of Congress 141

CHAPTER YII.

•

Battle of Lexington and Fall of Ticonderoga. — March of General Gage ; stores at Worcester and Concord ; Pitcairn ; the fight at Concord and Lexington ; the march against Ticonderoga ; Allen and Arnold ; Allen's address to his soldiers ; the garrison surren- . ders ; Captain De La Place ; Warren captures Crown Point ; Lake Champlain in possession of the Americans ; the Green Mountain Boys 160

CHAPTER YIII.

Battle of BunTcer Eill. — Colonel Putnam starts for Concord ; the Connecticut militia follow him ; Major Durkee ; action of the General Assembly ; troops raised and officers appointed ; the standards of our regiments ; the military code ; Connecticut pays the bills contracted in the capture of Ticonderoga ; new recruits ; the British army ; the American camp at Cambridge ; Connecticut officers ; Chester's company ; Noddle's and Hog Islands ; Gage's Proclamation ; General Warren ; disposition of the army ; character and condition of the provincials; inefiiciency of Congress ; opposition to a general engagement ; the matter debated ; the counsels of Putnam prevail ; fortifications erected ; Colonel Prescott ; the intrenching party ; day-light ; astonishment of the enemy ; the fight commences ; the chaplain and Colonel Prescott ; progress of the battle ; incidents ; General Ward's conduct ; activity of Putnam ; British officers ; Captain Chester's letter ; interview between Putnam and Warren ; Major Small ; Colonel Abercrombie ; death of General Warren ; close of the battle 173

CONTENTS.

ix

CHAPTER IX.

Expedition against Canada. — Election of general officers by Congress ; speech of the chiefs and warriors of the Oneida Indians ; General Washington joins the army at Cambridge ; meeting of Washington and Putnam ; action of the Continental Congress ; the three vines ; invasion of our coast ; Governor Tryon ; Captain Isaac Sears ; destruction of Rivington's press ; the Indians ; Arnold's Expedition through the wilderness ; Generals Montgomery, Wooster, and Schuyler ; Colonel Allen and Major Brown ; Allen taken prisoner ; the provincials take possession of Montreal ; unsuccessful attempt upon Quebec ; Wooster in command of the northern army ; conduct of Schuyler ; Wooster appeals to Congress ; his character vindicated 227

CHAPTER X.

The British Evacuate Boston. — Congress and Washington; difficulties encountered ; troubles in New York ; Captain Sears and General Lee ; troops raised in Connecticut for New York city ; threat of Gen. Lee ; gallant exploit of Colonel Knowlton ; a farce and tragedy ; condition of the British troops in Boston ; General Howe's mismangement ; debate in council ; Dorchester Heights ; Colonel Gridley; Howe's astonishment; preparations for battle; Howe summons a council of war ; he determines to evacuate Boston ; measures of Washington ; embarkation of the British troops. . . . 242

CHAPTER XI.

Battle on Long Island. — The enemy bound for New York ; General Sullivan marches toward that city ; Putnam commands in New York ; his measures ; the Assembly of Connecticut ; their acts and resolves ; melting of the statue of George III. ; distribution of the bullets ; the Wolcotts ; appointment of officers ; new recruits and officers ; the American camp ; Putnam ; the " American Turtle ;" Connecticut troops march for New York ; Long Island ; a battle ; Connecticut soldiers ; triumph of the enemy ; General Howe knighted ; the Americans evacuate Long Island ; situation of Washington ; Captain Nathan Hale ; his fate ; Governor Tryon entertained by Mrs. Murray; the " orchard fight ;" death of Major Chapman ; Colonel William Douglas ; death of Knowlton ; White Plains ; Fort Washington ; Captain Beebe's company ; the New

CONTENTS.

Page

York convention; Washington retreats through the Jerseys; Morristown ; the northern army ; General Waterbury ; Sir Guy Carleton ; his humanity 259

CHAPTER XII.

Burning of Danbury. Death of Wooster. — Governor Tryon ; General Howe ; Tryon's expedition ; incident at Hoyt's Hill ; Danbury burnt ; the retreat ; Silliman, Wooster, and Arnold ; Wooster mortally wounded ; action at Ridgefield ; Colonel Deming ; Tryon re-embarks ; death and character of Wooster ; Colonel Meigs' expedition to Long Island 296

CHAPTER XIII.

Princeton and the Highlands. — Putnam and McPherson ; the old army and the new ; Peekskill and Westchester ; Colonel Meigs ; Nathan Palmer hung as a spy ; Sir Plenry Clinton ; the enemy capture Fort Montgomer}?- ; Major Humphreys ; burning of General Delaney's mansion ; West Point 309

CHAPTER XIV.

The Northern Ihspartment. Capture of Biirgoyne. — General Schuyler ; designs of Burgoyne ; he approaches Ticonderoga ; retreat of St. Clair ; he withdraws to Fort Edward ; Americans defeated at Hubbardston ; Gates supercedes Schuyler as commander of the northern army ; battle at Bennington ; general engagement at Saratoga, September 19th; movements of the two armies; Burgoyne surrenders ; terms of capitulation ; Captain Seymour ; indignity offered to Burgoyne 319

CHAPTER XV.

Wyoming. — The Susquehannah Company ; description of Wyoming ; the land purchased ; Congress at Albany ; emigrants from Connecticut settle in the valley ; they are driven off by the Indians ; renewed attempts to settle there ; settlers under the Pennsylvania claim ; Captain Ogden ; Sheriff Jennings ; Connecticut settlers im-

CONTENTS.

xi prisoned ; they are released on bail, and again imprisoned ; attempts to negotiate a settlement of the controversy ; Fort Durkee often captured and re-captured ; Zebulon Butler ; negotiations renewed, but without success ; Wyoming is annexed to Litchfield county, and called the town of Westmoreland ; the contest between the settlers and the government of Pennsylvania continues ; Colonel Plunket ; the Revolution ; patriotism of the settlers ; scouting parties and spies ; the soldiers of Wyoming called off on duty ; invasion of the valley by Colonel John Butler ; defense of Colonel Zebulon Butler; death of Captain Durkee ; the "massacre of Wyoming ; shocking incidents ; list of the slain ; Captain John Franklin ; Indian murders and captivities ; the old contest revived ; commissioners meet at Trenton ; their decision adverse to Connecticut ; compromise proposed by the Pennsylvania land-holders ; the settlers driven off ; their wrongs and sufferings ; charged with treason ; imprisonment of Colonel Franklin ; abduction of Colonel Pickering ; confirming laws 380

CHAPTER XVI.

Brandywine^ Germantown^ and HorsenecJc. — Battle of the Brandywine ; Germantown ; Colonel Swift ; Lieutenant Morris ; Mud Island ; Lieutenant- Colonel Russell; session of the General Assembly ; Generals Putnam and Wolcott ; Colonels Trumbull and Wadsworth ; Valley Forge ; the enemy evacuate Philadelphia ; battle of Monmouth ; Sullivan attempts to recover Rhode Island ; defense of the sea-coast ; troops raised ; the public debt ; General Putnam's quarters at Reading ; a revolt suppressed ; the enemy at Horseneck; Putnam's wonderful escape; Tryon's excursion to New Haven ; he burns Fairfield, Green's Farms, and Norwalk ; Governor Tryon and General Parsons ; storming of Stony Point ; Major Tallmadge's expedition to Long Island ; General Putnam disabled ; more troops to be raised ; convention called at Hartford ; dragoons and French troops quartered in Connecticut; the southern campaign ; Washington and Rochambeau in Hartford ; the treason of Arnold ; fate of Major Andre ; Jonathan Trumbull ; Major Tallmadge ; Mr. Champion's prayer ; a revolt ; the French squadron ; mails intercepted ; French and American troops march toward New York ; they formed a junction near White Plains ; a reconnoisance ; plan of operations charged ; the coastguard 363 xii

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVII.

Arnold burns New London. Fall of Forts Trunibull and Griswold. Frequent disturbances on the Sound ; prizes taken ; Arnold sails for New London ; Colonel Ledyard ; Captains Shapley and Latham ; condition of the forts ; conduct of Arnold ; Lord Dalrymple ; New London burnt ; the forts summoned to surrender ; Ledyard's reply ; his gallant defense ; murder of Ledyard, Shapley, and Chapman ; the massacre ; Captain Beckwith ; torture of the wounded ; anecdotes of Arnold 396

CHAPTER XYIII.

YorTctown. Trumibull and Putnam — Major Tallmadge ; the French fleet ; Yorktown ; the allied armies ; the combined armies of America and France form a junction with Lafayette at Williamsburg, and from this point march against Lord Cornwallis ; relative numbers of the two armies ; the British strongly fortified at Yorktown ; the storming of the outposts ; the forlorn hope ; Colonel Alexander Hamilton ; Captain James Morris, of Litchfield, commands the company at the head of the column that supports the forlorn hope ; the post carried ; the allied forces get possession of the grounds that overlook the town ; the British hemmed in on all sides ; the artillery begin to play upon the town ; Cornwallis attempts to cross over to Gloucester, and force his way through the troops on that side of the river ; a violent storm ; flag of truce sent out, requesting cessation of hostilities for the space of twenty-four hours ; General Washington sends back word that he will grant them two hours only ; surrender of Cornwallis ; the contest determined ; treaty of peace ; important statement of Dr. Strong ; Colonel Seth Warner ; sketch of Governor Trumbull ; the last days of Putnam ; his character 415

CHAPTER XIX.

The Constitution of the United States. — Meeting of the convention; the Connecticut delegation ; their participation in the debates; the services rendered by them ; the Shermans ; the Ellsworths ; the Johnsons ; the debate continued ; each article of the constitution considered separately ; the influence of the Connecticut delegates ; meeting of the state convention ; speech of Oliver Ellsworth ; ratification of the federal constitution 435

CONTENTS.

xiii

CHAPTER XX.

27ew and Derivative Towns. — Organization of Litchfield, Middlesex, and Tolland counties; Lebanon, Woodstock, Suffield, Enfield, Somers, Reading, Chatham, East "Windsor, Southington, Washington, Cheshire, Watertown, East Hartford, Hartland, Norfolk, Barkhamsted, Winchester, Colebrook, Bridgeport, and other modern towns 463

CHAPTER XXI.

Miscellaneous Events. War of 1812. Hartford Convention. — Our first senators and representatives in Congress ; religious toleration ; turnpike roads ; Massachusetts' boundary ; General Eaton's expedition ; Captain Isaac Hull ; the embargo ; declaration of war against Great Britain ; legislative action ; opposition to the war ; Governor Griswold ; the Constitution and Guerriere ; death of Governor Griswold ; Governor Smith ; Commodore Decatur's squadron blockaded in New London harbor ; a torpedo-ship ; General Burbeck; "blue lights ;" spirited adventures; Captain John Howard ; bombardment of Stonington ; Commodore Hardy ; Commodore McDonough ; the General Assembly ; controversy between the state and general governments ; Hartford convention ; roll of delegates ; doings of the convention ; sketches of the delegates from Connecticut ; the General Government supplicated ; news of peace arrives ; exchange of salutes 472

CHAPTER XXII.

The present Constitution of Connecticut. — Events which preceded and led to the constitutional convention; the convention called; the constitution formed ; sketch of his excellency, John Cotton Smith ; sketch of his excellency, Oliver Wolcott 510

CHAPTER XXIII.

Early Jurisprudence of Connecticut. — Religious toleration ; "Quakers, Ranters, and Adamites ;" ecclesiastical dominion ; the proper mode of interpreting laws and ascertaining what is their true spirit ; our criminal code the simplest in the world, and practically xiv

CONTENTS.

the most bloodless ; fewer executions have taken place in Connecticut than elsewhere; the impropriety of calHng Connecticut a " blue law" state ; the authors of this nick-name were aliens, and either dishonest or ignorant of the history and character of the people who founded the colony ; religious toleration of the inhabitants evinced in affording a place of refuge for Mrs. Hutchinson, and in hiding the Regicides at the peril of their own lives ; also in the statute published in the code of 1672, which took the lead of all the other states of the world in tolerating other denominations ; they believed in witchcraft ; this was borrowed from the Hebrew code and from the laws of England ; this law was almost a dead letter ; it was not strange that our people believed in the existence of such a crime ; Cudworth, one of the best of men ; James L, James H., Queen Elizabeth, Lord Bacon, Lord Coke, Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Mansfield, and Lord Hale, all held to the same doctrine ; sumptuary laws ; the people were obliged by law to go to meeting ; this was by no means exclusively a puritanical measure ; Act of 35th of Elizabeth ; the offender not conforming was obliged to abjure the realm — if he came back without license he was to be adjudged a felon and suffer death ; our ancestors have been charged with bigotry, and of being afraid of the devil — fearing the devil is not the worst cowardice in the world ; ecclesiastical dominion 526

CHAPTEE XXIV.

Mpiscopacy in Connecticut. — The Stratford Church ; resolve of the General Court ; the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts ; first attempt to introduce episcopacy in Connecticut ; Mr. Muirson ; Mr. Pigot ; Dr. Cutler ; Dr. Samuel Johnson ; Rev. James Wetmore ; Mr. Beach ; efforts to obtain a bishop ; Dr. Learning ; consecration of Bishop Seabury; sketch of his character; Bishop Jarvis 539

CHAPTER XXV.

Other Religious Denominations. — Methodism ; its rise and progress in Connecticut ; Jesse Lee ; Rev. Dr. Fisk ; sketch of the progress of the Baptists ; the Wightmans ; other distinguished clergymen ; the "great awakening." 554

CONTENTS.

XV

CHAPTER XXYI.

Schools^ Colleges, Science, Art, and Literature. — Early legislation on the subject of Education; the school fund; Honorable James HiUhouse ; Yale College ; its presidents and benefactors ; its graduates ; Jonathan Edwards ; Dr. Bellamy ; Litchfield Law School, and Female Academy ; other institutions ; our poets, the Athens of America ; Trumbull, Barlow, General Humphreys, and Dr. Dwight, were the first American poets who made any impression upon the popular mind ; since their day we have had a new era in letters ; Hillhouse, the most stately and ajrtistic of those who have passed from the stage of life; Brainerd, his "Falls of Niagara;" Lemuel Hopkins, Richard Alsop, Elihu Hubbard Smith, Mrs. Laura Thurston, Miss Martha Day, James Otis Rockwell, Hugh Peters, E. P. Moxson, and others ; the propriety of mentioning our living poets in the text : Fitz Green Hallack, his " Marco Bazzaris," his works compared with those of Gray ; his poem upon Connecticut ; Percival, John Pierpont, Prentice, Mrs. Sigourney, Mrs. Ann Stevens, Mrs. Emma Willard, Goodrich, Nichols, Wetmore, Hill, Brown, Dow, Burleigh, Park, and William Thompson Bacon ; John Trumbull, the artist ; Whitney, Fitch, Junius Smith, Morse, Mansfield, Kirby, Treadwell, Ballam}^, the conclusion 644

Appendix

Delegates to the convention that ratified the constitution of the United States ; delegates to the convention that formed the constitution of 1818 ; Common Schools ; Trinity college ; biographical sketches ; Andrew Adams ; Ethan Allen ; Ira Allen ; John Allyn ; Richard Alsop ; Samuel Austin ; E. C. Bacon ; Azel Backus ; A. Baldwin ; S. Baldwin ; Joel Barlow ; Colonel Beebe ; Lyman Beecher ; E. Boardman ; J. Brace ; S. Bradley ; J. Buel ; Aaron Burr ; Charles Chauncey ; W. Chipman ; Daniel Chipman ; Thomas Chittenden ; Samuel Church ; Leman Church ; John P. Cushman ; David Daggett ; Silas Deane ; Daniel S. Dickinson ; Timothy Dwight ; Eliphalet Dyer ; William Edmond ; Jonathan Edwards ; Pierpont Edwards; Henry W. Edwards; Thomas Fitch; John Fitch; Samuel Foote ; Thomas Gallaudet ; Calvin Goddard ; Nathan Gold ; Chauncey Goodrich ; Elizur Goodrich ; Gideon Granger ; Edward D. Griffin; Alexander Griswold ; Matthew Griswold; Stanley Griswold; Lyman Hall; James Hillhouse; William Hillhouse; Benjamin Hinman ; Royal R. Hinman ; Peter Hitchcock ; Samuel xvi

CONTENTS.

J. Hitchcock ; Horace Holley ; Abiel Holmes ; Samuel Hopkins ; Titus Hosmer ; Stephen T. Hosmer ; Samuel Huntington ; Joseph Huntington ; Jabez Huntington ; Jedediah Huntington ; Benjamin Huntington ; E. Huntington ; I. W. Huntington ; Jared Ingersoll ; I. Ingersoll ; William Johnson ; S. S. Johnson ; James Kilbourne ; James S. Kingsley; Ephraim Kirby; James Lanman; Richard Law ; Jonathan Richard Law ; Jared Mansfield ; Charles Marsh ; Jeremiah Mason ; R. J. Meigs ; J. Meigs ; Samuel J. Mills ; S. W. Mitchell ; J. Morse ; Amasa J. Parker ; E. Phelps ; Samuel S. Phelps ; Timothy Pitkin ; William Pitkin ; D. Plumb ; Peter B. Porter ; Samuel Prentiss ; James Riley ; E. Root ; J. Root ; Gurdon Saltonstall ; Theodore Sedgwick ; Horatio Seymour ; E. Silliman ; Gold Selleck Silliman ; Richard Skinner ; L Smith ; Junius Smith ; Nathan Smith ; Perry Smith ; Ambrose Spencer ; Harriet Beecher Stowe ; J. Strong ; M. Stuart ; J. Talcott ; Gideon Tomlinson ; Uriah Tracy ; Samuel Wales ; R. H. Walworth ; Noah Webster ; E. Wheelock ; John Wheelock ; E. Whittlesy ; Calvin Willey ; E. Williams ; William Williams ; Elisha Yale ; E. Young ; sketch of Colonel Thomas Knowlton 611