Guide to Plymouth, and recollections of the Pilgrims

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Preface

The Guide to Plymouth and Recollections of the Pilgrims is respectfully submitted to the public, and is designed to present, in a volume of convenient size, such historical facts connected with our early history, and descriptions of interesting localities with which they are connected, as are deemed of essential importance to the numerous visitors, who resort to the spot rendered memorable as the scene where the foundations of empire were first laid, and the principles of religious and civil liberty were successfully established in New England.

Much of novelty can hardly be expected in relation to subjects which have engaged the attention and careful research of so many distinguished visitors. The author of the present work therefore, if he may hope to secure the public favor in behalf of the humble labors he has ventured to undertake, is not unconscious, that he must mainly rely upon the earnestness and diligence with which he has sought to present the subjects considered, in a form rendering them easily accessible to all inquirers after interesting memorials of the pilgrims.

In preparing this work for publication, the various histories of New England have been attentively consulted, and the Old Colony records have supplied much which is believed to possess strong attractions to public curiosity.

The earlier histories, particularly those of Bradford, Winslow, and Morton, written, as they were, by able and conscientious men, prominently concerned in most of the occurrences, which they record, seemed to deserve the first and highest regard. The best illustrations of these early writers, obtained from various sources, and applied with careful discrimination, it is hoped will render the iv

PREFACE.

main facts and events connected with the pilgrims, inteUigiblc to every reader.

No traditionary statements have been introduced into the work which do not rest upon substantial grounds, deemed equally entitled to credit with those of historical records.

Although this volume has been extended to more than one hundred pages beyond the limits originally assigned to it, many readers will doubtless find it insufficient to gratify their curiosity in relation to the subjects of which it treats. Such readers may find the means of more extended information on reference to the New England Memorial, edited by Judge Davis — Winthrop's History of New England, by James Savage — Holmes' Annals of America — Bancroft's History of the United States — The publications of the Massachusetts Historical Society — Baylies' Memoir of the Old Colony — Young's Chronicles of the Pilgrims — Judge Mitchell's History of Bridgewater — and Deane's History of Scituate.

Genealogical tables of the Pilgrims have been carefully prepared to a considerable extent, a few only of which could be admitted into the present work, but which, if deemed sufficiently interesting to justify the undertaking, may hereafter appear in a different form.

The quotations from other works are designated as they occur in the following pages ; but the subscriber would gratefully acknowledge not only the encouragement afforded to the plan and object of this work, by many valued friends, some of whom have been concerned in similar labors, but also for valuable suggestions and important information imparted during the progress of its accomplishment.

Wn^LIAM S. RUSSELL.

Plymouth, Massachusetts, October, 1846.

INTRODUCTORY LINES.

Note. The Introductory Lines are designed to form a general outline of the work, and briefly to describe the most interesting localities rendered memorable by their early and intimate connection with the pilgrims, and some of the thoughts which a view of these localities naturally suggests to every thoughtful mind. Under the successive heads of this work, observing the following order, namely : Forefathers' Rock, Leyden Street, Burying Hill, Captain's Hill, Clark's Island, "Watson's Hill, and Friendly Indians ; the reader will find a more particular description of the places to which specific allusion is made in the Introductory Lines, and such traditionary or historical facts respecting them, as have come to our knowledge.

In memory of our Pilgrim Sires, This volume reverently aspires, To guide the steps of those who trace, Mementos of that noble race, Who by the love of Freedom led.

First landed on the soil we tread.

Their daring and their faith sublime, Are themes that through all coming time Should our admiring plaudits raise, And be embalmed in grateful praise.

From Tyrant povi^er resolved they turned, And sought in western wilds to meet, Some spot to rest their weary feet, Some spot to rear their house of prayer, Beyond the mitred angry glare.

To fix the reign of conscience free^ Despite of Rome^s imperial See^

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That Church and State no more combined,

With iron grasp the soul should bind,

Where Freedom winged might raptured roam

And find at last her genial home.

No beacon gleamed from friendly height

To cheer for them the dreary night,

Or warn from latent reefs and sands,

That hide destruction on our strands;

No summer's sky nor genial breeze,

No verdant fields nor blooming trees,

In beauty clothed the prospect round.

All lay in frosted armour bound ;

No friends approached the water's edge.

To press the kind, the welcome pledge,

On them no eye with pleasure gazed,

For them no sparkling fire-side blazed.

Around they cast the anxious eye

The tender children near them stand,

And grasp the Father's helping hand.

The mother spreads her circling arms,

To shield her charge from threatening harms

While tempered age with labored thought.

And youthful arm with vigor fraught.

Combined the strength and saving power,

To meet that dark and fearful hour.

Sons of the Pilgrims, well ye may High honors to your Fathers pay, With rapture on their memory dwell, And to your sons the story tell, Of patient toils and dangers braved.

How God of old from danger saved.

Made savage hearts with kindness glow, And filled with dread the daring foe.

Their wants supplied, and strength renewed,

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vii

With faith and hope their minds imbued.

Patient and calm their lot to bear, Through Winter's cold and stinted fare.

And shielded long this matchless band, To found an Empire in our land.

We HI seek the Rock, which first they trod, Where round they knelt to worship God, Whose guardian care had been their stay, O'er ocean's rough, tempestuous way.

The murmuring Brook^ whose waters sweet, Induced them near to fix their seat, Whose gushing banks the springs aflford, That eked along their scanty board ; There first was heard the cheerful strain Of axe and hammer, saw and plane.

Around their humble roofs appeared, Through wasting care and labor reared.

And when the Evening's twilight hour O'er nature held her dusky power.

Or gathering night with sterner reign.

Its mantle cast on hill and plain.

The watchful mother bent in prayer.

That God her infant charge would spare, Lest savage foes with war-hoop wild.

Should come to wake her sleeping child.

Or fire the cot at midnight drear, ^ When no strong arm of aid was near.

That prayer of faith and hope divine That rose from nature's purest shrine, Was heard by Him who never sleeps, But trusting souls forever keeps.

* It is remarkable that no attack was made on Plymouth by the natives till the time of Philip's War in vni

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Here slowly waned the weary hour, When death assumed his ghastly power, And White and Mullins stricken down, Exchanged the Earth for Heaven's bright crown. And Carver summoned from the fields, His precious life untimely yields, While fathers, mothers, children pine.

And dearest hopes and loves resign.

How sadly winds the funeral train, With feeble step across the plain ; What anguish wrings affection's breast.

That gave the Pilgrim to his rest ; No requiem his but ocean's roar, That broke in moans along the shore, Or storms and waves that madly sweep While gushing hearts in sorrow weep.

The Mayflower loosed her flapping sail.

Once more to woo the friendly gale.

Her boat more briskly glides around, Cheered on by thoughts of homeward bound, Parts from the shore through rippling waves Seen from the height of recent graves ; But yet, no Pilgrim of the band Would quit his consecrated land.

Though famine pressed, and dire disease Lurked in the spring's returning breeze, ^ And echo loud through forest rung, With curses deep upon her tongue.

While danger stalked with flashing eye To rouse the war-hoop's fearful cry, His cherished hope and faith sublime, Triumphant glowed in every clime.

* In allusion to the fact related by Morton, in his Memoiial, that soon after the arrival of the pilgrims, at Ply moutli, the Indians, before they came to the English, with prolfers of peace, collected all the powaws in the country, • -who for three days together, in a horrid and devilish manner, did curse and execrate them with their conjurations ; which assembly and service they held in a dark and dismal swamp.'

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The mount from whence the bulwarks rose, To guard their homes from threatening foes, There blush the morning's earliest beams, And sunset's mildly parting gleams, Far off is heard the ocean's roar, That once the 'germ of Empire' bore.

Of honored names to Freedom dear, All passing time shall still revere.

As bravely on the Mayflower came, And caught the breeze of endless fame.

Gazing from where the Fathers sleep, Along the wide expansive deep, We trace the mount which gently soars, Above the sea and circling shores, Where Standish, first of martial name.

Who dauntless won heroic fame.

Skillful and brave to guide the band.

Which firm achieved this chosen land ; Was wont to gaze on every side, And scan the sail of every tide, That timely thought and watchful care, For coming danger might prepare, Prompt welcome give to friendly sail.

As borne by some propitious gale, Or aid impart to stranger lost, When on the main by tempest tost.

The ocean heaves its rolling tide, Along that mount's projecting side.

Above, his home and grave are seen, With laurels crowned forever green.

Full many a step will thither roam, And thoughtful linger round that home.

The modest Isle of yonder Bay^ Screened from the rougher blasts and spray,

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There long by storm and billow driven, With mast and sail to fragments riven, The v^^anderers sought its vt^elcome shore, And safe their struggling shallop moore. There watchful met the earliest dawn, Which first revealed the Sabbath morn, That prayer and praise might o'er the deep. Harmonious strains in concert keep.

New England's pristine Sabbath Day On Time's dark flood has passed away, The Pilgrim chant is heard no more.

That echoed once upon that shore.

And hushed the lips whose accents gave Their grateful notes to wind and wave ; But still the Sabbath's cheerful hours Shall claim and bless our noblest powers. And wing our thoughts to scenes divine.

Where faith and hope no more decline.

The rising Hill^ upon whose brow, Was first exchanged the solemn vow, When Massassoit the Indian Chief, So promptly tendered kind relief, And by whose early proffered aid A lasting peace was firmly laid.

While Carver, Winslow, Bradford stand, Time honored Fathers of our land.

This Chieftain too shall homage claim, Of praise far more than princely fame, True-hearted, gentle, kind and brave, Unfading honor crowns his grave.

The path through which Samoset came^ And boldly welcomed them by name.

Whose practised skill and counsel sage, Inscribed appear on history's page,

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xi

That tells his worth and friendship true, And yields the praise so justly due, His comely form and features stand Portrayed by Sargent's tasteful hand, Beside the Groupe of exiled name, Who pressed the Rock of endless fame.

Nor may the just impartial muse To other names its meed refuse, Nor thoughtless walk o'er Squanto^s grave, Or Hobbomoch's, the Indian Brave.^ Nor yet withold the debt we owe, The courteous Sachem lanough, While ^spinet of Nauset kind, Should equal favor, grateful find, These in their spheres rich service lent, And lives of upright purpose spent, Though born and trained to savage life, They quenched the sparks of kindling strife, Our Fathers loved in ancient days.

And well deserve the children's praise.

Ah who shall not their fate deplore, That ranged of old along our shore; The white man now assumes the place, Where dwelt that swift declining race.

His gallant Bark in triumph rides, Her swelling sails usurp the tides, Where Indian here with light canoe, No longer skims the waters through, Nor idly basks on hillock green, Whence teeming flood and wave are seen ; His arrows, plied with sturdy arm.

The bounding deer no more alarm,

* Called by Gov. Winslow a pinese, a chief counsellor, or Captain of Massassoit, and a firm friend of the Pilgrims till his death, about the year 1642.

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His kindling fires that flamed by night, No hand again shall ever light, His day of song and dance and glee, Is hushed in dark oblivion's sea, Nor bard of his with glowing lays, His deeds shall sound or swell his praise, Nor pillared tablet ever tell The day he rose or sadly fell.

The ardent sons of Freedom's cause, Of holy Truth and righteous laws, Who scorn the Bigot's fiery rule.

But bred in Rohinsonian school, Unshackeled conscience dare maintain.

At highest cost of toil and pain.

Will oft the Pilgrim page explore.

That spread its leaves on Plymouth shore, Fresh impulse find where peril leads, To worthy acts and glorious deeds.

As o'er their tombs we reverent tread, And call to mind the honored dead, While Fancy sheds her pensive hues, And Time's dim track still lingering views, O may we catch the sacred flame Which hallows yet their glorious fame.

So walk with God while here on earth.

That we may gain their heavenly birth, And meet at last the sainted throng To join in one eternal song.

GUIDE TO PLYMOUTH,

AND

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PILGRIMS.

Chapter I

A brief Historical account of the Pilgrims previous to their removal from England to Holland,

O 'twas no earth-born passion,

That bade the adventurers stray,

The world and all its fashion,

With them had passed away. Flint.

In presenting a brief historical sketch of the Pilgrim Fathers, previous to their removal to Holland in the year 1607 and 8, our attention is naturally directed to a consideration of the causes, which induced them to relinquish their native country, under circumstances of difficulty, privation and danger, rarely if ever encountered, for objects so noble in their character, and successful in their accomplishment, so transcendent in their results.

In adverting to these causes, we perceive that History reveals to our observation, the founders of 1

New England not only acting in close theoretical harmony with the great principles of the R-eformalion, which under the fearless auspices of Luther, had exerted a powerful influence over the christian world ; but among the most practical and efficient instruments in the promotion of their progress both at home and abroad.

The Reformation at this period, though bright and. cheering, when contrasted with the gross darkness, which for ages had overspread the spiritual concerns of mankind, had been with respect to England, comparatively slow in its progress ; while on the Continent a long and ardent contest between the most accomplished scholars and divines, resulted in so far limiting the accustomed bigotry of the age, as to secure an asylum to the persecuted fugitives of other nations.

Henry the Eighth, whose zeal against the movements and doctrines of Luther, had won from the Pope of Rome, the title of defender of the faith, under the influence of passions, regulated by no sense of moral or religious principle, summarily severed the bond of papal supremacy, which for ages had held the EngUsh nation within its imperious grasp ; affording a striking example of not unfrequent occurrence in the history of mankind, in which providence converts the purposes of human depravity into the successful instrumentaUty of promoting the advancement of truth.

Frustrated in the accomplishment of a negotiation,

EECOLLECTIONS OF THE PILGRIMS.

having for its object tlie gratification of the most licentious passions, he seized upon the Church revenues, previously deemed sacred by his subjects, and which from time immemorial had constituted the iinfaihng fund, by which the ingenious machinery of Papal imposition was sustained and extended throughout the world. Measures of this character, though productive of no immediate consequences favorable to liberty of conscience, so far as it depended upon the will of this unscrupulous and arbitrary monarch, tended to impair the blind veneration with which popular feeling had long regarded the mandates of Roman Catholic authority, while the diversion of large revenues from their accustomed channels of application, diminished its local influence. These causes, in conjunction with the advancing spirit of the age, prepared the w^ay for important changes, both as respects doctrines and ceremonies under the reign of Edward the Sixth, whose early promise and premature death, have so often excited the admiration and the sympathy of mankind.

* With reference to this period,' says Bancroft, ' so far was the freedom of private enquiry from being recognized as a right, the means of forming a judgment on religious subjects was denied. The act of supremacy which severed the English nation from the Roman See, contained no clause favorable to religious liberty. It was but a vindication of the sovereign franchise of the English monarch against foreign interference — it did not aim to enfranchise the

GUIDE TO PLYMOUTH, ANJ>

English nation. The King of England became the Pope in his own dominions, and heresy was slili accounted the greatestx)f all crimes. All the Catholic doctrines were asserted, except the Supremacy of Rome.'

The accession of Edward the Sixth, in fifteen hundred and forty-seven, afforded far greater security to Protestants, than had been previously enjoyed, and the English Church was established by the authority of Parliament, upon a basis, not essentially different from that which it maintains at the present day. li still preserved, however, the union of Church and State unimpaired ; a feature of the ancient system, justly regarded by the Puritans, as tending to pervert the purity of christian faith and morality ; and to encourage an indolent, slavish dependence upon the fallible dictation of man ; instead of that earnest investigation of divine revelation, which, while it reverently invokes the source of all light for its guidance, enlists the purest affections and the highest powers of our nature^ and conducts the thirsting soul to fountains of living^ water, springing into everlasting life.

But whatever had been gained in the progress of Reformation, during the brief reign of Edward, seemed destined to be lost, under the iron sway of his successor Mary ; when the kindling faggots of Smithfield blazed amidst the dying agonies of the Martyrs to conscience, sacrificed to her vindictive temper and unrelenting bigotry ; the familiar and summary process, by which the Church of Rome has checked the

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PILGRIMS.

growth of trne freedom in the human mmd, leaving no alternative to the pure and conscientious, but entire submission to its mandates, or the possible security of Hfe by instant flight from its power.

The succeeding reign of Elizabeth, commencing in the year fifteen hundred and fifty-eight, afforded some cessation of the violent persecutions of her predecessor, and the promise of relief to the sufferers, for conscience' sake, who had fled to the continent for safety, and encouraged them to return, from their respective places of exile. But their cherished expectations were doomed to cruel disappointment both imder the reign of Elizabeth, and that of her successor, James the First; the act of Supremacy was renewed, with accumulated penalties, and enforced with rigorous severity, totally inconsistent with every just principle of toleration, and compelled the conscientious adherents of truth to struggle onward, with a pertinacity which feared no danger, and heeded no consequences, till their perseverance at length achieved its reward, producing changes, both in Church and State, deeply affecting the social order of the whole community.

It was at the close of Queen Elizabeth's reign in the year sixteen hundred and two — a period of ardent excitement in relation to ail the great objects of human pursuit ; when the progressive influence of the Reformation, earnestly engaged the attention of every thoughtful mind — when the newly discovered art of printing faciUtated the dissemination of knowledge, and new discoveries by successive navigators, pre- 1%

GUIDE TO TLYMOUTH, AND senteda wide field of commercial enterprise ; that we first trace our Pilgrim Fathers, in the north of England, manfully contending against the principalities and powers which denied them ' the liberty wherewith Christ had made them free.'

Though few in numbers, their strong faith, earnest zeal and fervent love, created a bond of union, and an intensity of purpose, which never deserted ihem throughout their perilous enterprise ; whether hunted at home by the minions of hierarchal oppression, exposed to the perilous changes of the ocean, seeking a precarious subsistence in a strange land, or exploring the bleak shores of Cape Cod, amidst the rough blasts of a cheerless winter.

Under the pastoral charge of the learned and accomplished John Robinson, assisted and sustained by the fervent piety and steadfast zeal of Elder Brewster, whose meekness of spirit and gentle demeanor, might have justly enrolled his name in connection with that of the ' beloved disciple ' himself ; they formed a just conception of that kingdom which is not of this world. Guided by the plain declarations of the treasured word of God, they quickly discerned the wide difference existing between the simplicity of apostolic times, and the gorgeous parade of Popery, which, while it claimed to control the conscience and the purse, denied the free use of the Bible,, and made no provision for the dissemination of that knowledge, for lack of which, the people were destroyed.

PwECOLLECTIONS OF THE PILGRIMS.

They perceived the force of a truth eloquently expressed by a distinguished writer of modern times,'^ 'that as the hostility of heathenism in its direct endeavor to extirpate the christian religion became entirely hopeless in the realms of the Eoman Empire, there was a great change of the policy of evil ; and all manner of reprobate things, heathenism among them, rushed as by general consent into treacherous conjunction with Christianity, retaining their own quality under the sacredness of its name, and by a rapid progress inducing it to surrender every thing distinctive of it, but that dishonored name/

To the Prilgriras therefore, belongs the high and glorious distinction of achieving the last step in the long process of Religious Keformation, by asserting and maintaining the separate independence of each Church.t * This step had a short time before been attempted by Robert Brown, 'an individual of no very commendable qualities,' whose character was such 'as to throw no little discouragement upon the cause ; nor did it acquire firmness till espoused by Robinson, who may be called the Father of the Independent Churches. His own at Leyden was one of these, and fidelity to their principles was the chief motive of their departure from Holland and the occasion of their settlement at Plymouth/

' X Of the motives which influenced the first settlers to a voluntary exile, induced them to relinquish their

* John Foster. f Everett's Oration, Dec. 22, 1824.

X Webster's Centennial Discoursej Dec. 22. 1820, native country and to seek an asylum in this then unexplored wilderness, the first and principal no doubt were connected with Religion. They sought to enjoy a higher degree of Religious Freedom, and what they esteemed a purer form of Religious worship, than was allowed to their choice or presented to their imitation in the Old World. It is certain that though many of them were republicans in principle, we have no evidence that our New England ancestors would have emigrated as they did, become wanderers in Europe, and finally undertake the establishment of a Colony here, merely from a dislike of the political systems of Europe. They fled not so rnach from the civil government as from the Hierarchy and the laws which enforced conformity to the Church establishment'

These facts and considerations, connected with the early struggles of the Pilgrims, in support of the principles they had espoused, their patient endurance of the severest trials, and their devout acknowledgment of God's overruling providence, under every occurrence of their eventful experience, justly authorize the conclusion, that a deep sense of the supreme importance of divine Revelation, above every other object of human pursuit, reflected from the inmost depths of the Soul, was to them the cloud by day, and the pillar of fire by night, guiding their footsteps to this Western World.

One of the most distinguished sons of the Pilgrims, referring to the principal epochs in the history of

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PILGRIMS.

mankind, which have decidedly accelerated the progress of civilization, after presenting a thorough exposition of the existing causes which must long obstruct the progress of Religious and Civil liberty in the old world, breaks forth in the following eloquent strain.

^ ' While therefore the work of social renovation is entirely hopeless in Europe, we cannot but regard it as the plain interposition of Providence, that at the central point of time, when the most powerful springs of improvement were in operation, a chosen company of pilgrims who were actuated by these springs of improvement came over to these distant unoccupied shores. I know not that the work of thorough reform could be safely trusted to other hands. I can credit their disinterestedness, when they maintain the equality of ranks. For no rich forfeitures of attainted lords await them in the wilderness. I need not question the sincerity with which they assert the right of conscience ; for the plundered treasures of an ancient hierarchy are not to seal their doctrine. They rested the edifice of their civil and religious liberties on a foundation as pure and innocent as the snows around them.

* Blessed be the spot, the only one on earth, where such a foundation was ever laid.'

But the combined influence of the Throne and the Hierarchy, exerted in every odious form of exaction and annoyance, against nonconformity, exposed

* Everett's Oration, Dec. 22, 1824 the pilgrims to the severest trials and rendered an adherence to principle, incompatible with their continued abode in England ; and their attention was directed to some means of escape from the increasing difficulties which assailed them on every side. These difficulties are minutely recorded in that part of the History of Governor Bradford, inserted in the Church Records of Plymouth by Secretary Morton, author of the New England Memorial, from which the following extract is copied. * But, after these things, they could not longer continue in any peaceable mannerj but were hunted and persecuted on every side, so as their former afflictions were but as mole-hills to mountains in comparison to those which now come upon them. For some w^ere taken and clapped up in prisons, others had their houses beset and watched night and day, and hardly escaped their hands ; and the most were fain to fly and leave their houses and habitations, and the means of their livelihood. Yet these, and many other sharper things which afterwards befel them, were no other than they looked for, and therefore were the better prepared to bear them, by the assistance of God's grace and spirit. Yet seeing themselves thus molested, and that there was no hope of their continuance there, by a joint consent they resolved to go into the Low Countries, where they heard was freedom of rehgioii for all men, as also sundry from London and other parts of the land, that had been exiled and persecuted

I -

for the same cause, were gone thither, and lived in Amsterdam and in other places of the land.

' So after they had continued together about a year, and kept their meetings every Sabbath in one place or another, exercising the worship of God among themselves, notwithstanding all the diligence and malice of their adversaries, they seeing they could no longer continue in that condition, they resolved to get over into Holland, as they could, which was in the year 1607 and 1608 ; of which more in that which followeth/

Note. Gov. Bradford wrote a history of the pilgrims, from the year 1602 to 1647, containing 270 pages, which was used by Morion and Hutchinson in their histories and Prince in his chronology of New England. This work of Gov. Bradford, in manuscript, was deposited, with other valuable documents, in the Tower of the Old South Church in the City of Boston, and was lost during the Revolution, when that church was occupied by the British troops. That part of the work above referred to, contained in the Church Records of Plymouth, has been accurately copied and published with copious notes, by the Rev. Dr. Young in his Chronicles of the Pilgrims.

Chapter II

* When Tyranny bigotry's banners iipreared, These fathers for conscience, for freedom, self-banished, Confiding in Heaven, o'er the wild billow steered, And in Holland found refuge while bigotry vanished.'

Departure of the Pilgrims for Holland — Their arrival at Amsterdam,

Having in the preceding Chapter, in as brief a manner as seemed practicable, slated the principal circumstances and causes which induced the pilgrims to quit their native country — we proceed to describe the difficulties encountered and the sacrifices incurred, in the final accomplishment of their purpose. We recur again to the interesting history of Gov. Bradford, the simplicity and truthfulness of whose narration, urge a stronger claim upon our regard from the fact of his active and prominent participation in the events he relates and the scenes he describes.

* Being thus constrained to leave their native country, their lands and livings, and all their familiar acquaintance, it was much, and thought marvellous by many. But to go into a country they knew not, but by hearsay, where they must learn a new language, and get their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place and subject to the miseries of war, it was by many thought an adventure almost desperate, a case intolerable, and a misery worse than death; especially considering they were not acquainted with trades nor traffic, (by which the country doth subsist,) but had only been used to a plain country life, aud the innocent trade of husbandry. But these things did not dismay them (although they did sometimes trouble them,) for their desires were set on the ways of God, and to enjoy his ordinances. But they rested on his providence and knew whom they had believed. Yet this was not all. For although they could not stay they were not suffered to go; but the ports and havens were shut against them, so as they were fain to seek secret means of conveyance, and to fee the mariners, and give extraordinary rates for their passage. And yet were they often times betrayed, many of them, and both they and their goods intercepted and surprised, and thereby put to great trouble and charge ; of which 1 will give an instance or two, and omit the rest.