Dana's Seaman's friend

Front matter

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Chapter I. General Rules And Observations

PA UK

Constraction of yessels — Tonnage and carriage of merchant vessels — Proportion of spars — Placine tbe masts — Rize of anchors and cables — L^td-lines— Log-line — BiQlast and lading 1-5

Appendix to Chapter I

Nora A. Lloyd's rules for building ships ; and statutory rules for the measurement and ascertaining the tonnage of merchant ships

nrescribed by the Merchant Shipping Act, see p. 2 . 345

— B. Rules for placing the masts, see p. 4 354

— C. Description of parts of anchor — W eight of anchors, see p. 4 356

— I). Description and use of lead-lines, see p. 4 . . . 357

— £. Description and use of log-line, see p. 5 . . . . 357

— P. Ballast and lading, see p. 5 358

Chapter II. Gutting And Fitting Standing Rigging

Measuring and cutting lower rigging, and lower fore-and-aft Bt&jB — Fitting the same — Measuring, cutting, and fitting topmast rigging, stays, and back stays — Jib, topgallant and royal stays — Rattling down rigging — Cutting and fitting lifts, foot-ropes, brace, block-straps, and pennants — Breast-backstays 6-11

Appendix to Chapter II

Note Q-. — Wire-rope standing rigging 359

Chapter III. Fitting And Reeving Running Rigging

Fore braces — Main braces— Cross-jack braces — Fore,.main, and mizzen top* sail braces— Fore, main, and mizzen toraftllAnt mast and roval braces — Trusses— Topsail tyes and halyards— Topgallant and royd halyanlH-

Contents

PAOl

Peak and throat halyards — Spanker brails — Fore and main tacks and sheets — Topsail, topgallant, and royal sheets and clewlines — Reef-tackles — Glewgamets — Fore and main buntlines, leechlines, and slablines — Topsail clewlines and bontlines — Bowlines . . 11-14

CHAPTER IV. TO Ria MASTS AND YARDS

Rigging the shears — Taking in lower masts and bowsprit — To rig a bowsprit — Getting the tops over the mast-heads — To send up a topmast — To get on a topmast cape — To rig a jib-boom — To cross a lower yard — To cross a topgallant yard — To send np a topgallant mast — Long, short, and stump topgsQlant masts — To rig out a flying jib-boom — To cross topgallant and royal yards — Skysul yards . . . 15-19

Chapter V. To Bend Down Hasts And Tards

To send down a royal yard — a topgallant yard — a topgallant mast — To

send down a topmaat — To rig in a jib-boom .... 20-21

Chapter VI. Bending And Unbending Sails

To bend a course — To send up a topsail bv the halyards — by the buntlines — To bend a topgallant sail — a royal — ^a jib — a spanker — & spencer — To unbend a coui-se — a topsail — a topgallant sail or royal — a jib — To send down a topsail or course in a gale of wind— To bend a topsail in a gale of wind — To bend one topsail or course, and send down the ower at the same time 22-25

Chapter VII. Work Upon Riqoing — Rope, Knots, Splices, Bends, Hitches

Kinds of rope — Spun yam — Worming — Parcelling— Service — Short splice — Long splice — Eye splice — Flemish eve — Spindle eye — Cut splice — Grommet— Single and double wall — Matthew Walker — Single and double diamond— Spritsail sheet knot — Stopper knot — Shroud knot French shroud knot — Buoy-rope knot — Half-hitches — Clove hitch — Over hand knot — Figure-o^eignt — Bowline— Running bowline — Bowline-upon-a-bight — Square knot — Timber hitch— Rolling hitch — Bkokwall hitch— Cat's paw— Sheet bend— Fisherman's bend— Carrick bend — Bowline bend — Sheepshank— Selvage — Marlinspike hitch — Bound seizing— Throat seizing— Stopping — Nippering— Racking — Pointing — Snaking — Grafting — Foxes — Spanish foxes — Gasket — Sennit — To bend a buoy-rope — To pass a shear-lashing . 25-33

Chapter VIII. Blocks And Purchases

Farts of a block — Made and morticed blocks — Bull's-eye — Dead-eye — SiiUnr-block— Snatch-block— Tail-block— Whip — Gun-tackle— LufftaoUe — Wbip-upon-whip — Luff-npon-lufif— Watch or tail-tackle — BaimtrtMkle 8i-35

CONTENTS. XI

Appekdix to Ohaptrb VIII.

PAOB

Non fl.— Blocks, see p. 84 360

Chapter IX. Vacing And Takikg In Sail

To looseaBail — To set a course — topsail — topgallant sail — royal — skysail jib — spanker — spencer — To take in a coarse — ^topsail — topgallant sail— rojral — ^skysail— jib — spanker — To furl a roval— topgallant sail — topsail — course— jib— To stow a jib in cloth — To reef a topsail — course — To turn out reefs — To set a topgallant studdingsail— To take in same — To set a topmast studdingsail — To take in same — To &et a lower studdingsail— To take in same 35-45

Appendix to Chaptxb IX

NoTB I. — Reefing topsails from deck, see p. 40 360

Chapter X

aSNERAL PRINCIPLBS OF WORKINO A SHIP.

Action of the water upon the rudder — headway — stem way — Action of the wind upon the soils — head sails — after sails — Centre of gravity or rotation — Turning a ship to or from the wind .... 46-48

Chapter XI. Tacking, Wearing, Boxing, Eto

Tacking without fore-reaching — Tacking against a heavy sea — Hauling o£f all — To trim the yards— Flattening in — Missing stays — Wearing — under courses — under aamainsail — under bare poles— Box-hauling — short-round — Club-hauling — Drifting in a tide way — Backing and filing in a tide-way — Close-hauling in a tide-way . . . 49-^54

Chapter XII. Gales Of Wind, Ltino-to, Getting Abaok, By The Lee, Eto

Lying-to — Choice of winds — Scudding — Heave-to after scudding — Taken

aback — Chappelling — Broaching to — By the lee . . . . 54-56

Chapter XIII. Accidents

On beam ends — Losing a rudder — A squall — A man overboard — Collision

—Rules for vessels passing one another ..... 56-59 ^eepost. p. 158 seq,, and p. 289 et seq,

Chapter XIV

Heaving to by counter-bracing — Speaking — Sounding — Heaving the log 59-61

Sownding — See Note D to p. 4, Appendix 357

ffecmng the Loff — See Note E to p. 5, Appendix . . . 357

XU CONTENTS.

Chapter XV. Oovino To Anchor

PACK

Gettin^eady for port — Comine to anchor — Cloae-hanled— free — Moormg —Flying moor — Clearing hawse — To anchor with a slip-rope — Slipping a cable— Coming-to at a slipped cable .... 61-64

Chapter XVI. Grtti50 Undbr Wsioh

To unmoor — Getting under weigh from a single anchor— To oat and fish — To get under weigh with a wind blowing directly out, and riding head to it — with a rock or shoal close astern — when riding head to wind, and to stand out close-hauled — wind-rode, with a weather-tide — tide-rode, casting to windward — tide-rode, wearing round . 64-67

DiOTioKARY OP Sea Terms 68-98

PAET IL

Chapter I. The Master

Beginning of the voyage — Shipping the crew — Outfit — Provisions — Watches — Navi^tion — Log-booK — Observations — Working ship — Day's work — Discipline 9&-106

Chapter II. • The Ohief Mate

Care of rigging and ship's furniture — Day's work— Working ship — Coming to anchor — Getting under weigh — Reefing — Purling — Duties in port — Account of cargo— Stowage— Station— Log-book — Navigation 105-111

Chapter III. Sboonp And Third Mates

Second ifo^e— Navigation— Station-^Watch duties— Day's work — Working ship— Reefing — Furling— Duties aloft— Care of ship's furniture-^tores— Duties in 'port— Third Mate— Vforkiug ship- Day's work— Duties aloft— in port— Boating— Stores . . . 111-117

Chapter IV. Carpenter, Oook, Steward, Eto

OmymUer^-'WoTlaDg ship— Seaman's work— Helm — Duty aloft— Work at his trade — Station — Berth and mssft— Standing wateh— iSatffltoAer— Seaman's work— Work at trade— Duty abflr— Standing

• • •

C0NTBNT8. XIU

PAOS

watoh— B^rih and mess— Station — Steward — Daty in passenger ships — Care of cabin table — Passancers — In other vessels — Master — Mate — Aloft— About decks — Working ship— Cooifc— Berth — Standing watch — Care of galley and furniture — Working ship- Duty aloft 117-120

CHAPTER V. ABLE SSAMEir

Grades of seafiBuring persons — Able seamen — Ordinary seamen — Boys —

ting — Over-rating — Rei^uisites of an able 1 steer— Work upon rigging— Sailmakii

orKmg ship —Reefing and furling— Watch duty-

and small Teisds 121-124

Part III

LAWS RELATING TO THE PROPERTY OF SHIPS, AND THE DUTIES OF MASTERS AND MARINERS.

CHAPTER L

Title— Builder's certificate— Bill of sale — Preparatives to registry- Owners — First registry — Certificate of registry and provisional certificate — National character — Transfers and transmission — (1) Transfers— (2) Transmissions— Mortgages — Certificates of Mortgages and of sale — Registry anew, and transfer of registry — (1) JEUgiatry owew— (2) Tromsfer of registry — Registry, miscellaneous — Boats for sea-going ships — Lights and fog signals, &c. — Equipments for steam snips 185-161

Appendix to Chapter I.

Note to p. 157— See Appendix J 361

Note to p. 158— See Appendix K. 362-365

XIV CONTENTS.

CHAPTER II.

PACK

Examinations and certificates for masters and mates — (1) Certificates of competency — (2) Certificates of service — Pilotage certificates — Official logs— Custom duties — 1. The coasting trade — 2. Exportation— 3^ Importation — 4. Boarding of ships oy customs officers — 5. Trade with British possessions abroad — 6. Carriage of passengers bysea 161-193

CHAPTER III.

THE BMGAOEHKKT, DUTIES, AND BIGHTS OF SEAMEN.

Apprentices — Engagement of seamen — (1) Licences to engage — (2) Terms of agreement — {^) Running agreements for foreign -going ships— (4) Agreements for home-trade ships — (5) General rules — (6) Seamen engaged in British possessions or foreign— (7) Production of agreemente and certificates for foreign-going ships — (8) For home-trade ships — (9) Miscellaneous — (10) Allotment of wages — (11^ Legal right to wages— (12) Provisions, medical stores, &c. — (13) Discipline of ship— (14) Relief to seamen's families out of poors' rates — (15) Volunteering into the navy— (16) Wages and eflfects of deceased seamen— (17) Leaving seamen abroad — (18) Power of making complaint — (19) Naval courts on high seas and abroad— (20) Crimes committed on high seas and abroad— (21) Remittance of wages, and savings banks for seamen — (22) Discharge and payment of wages — (23) Mode of recovering wages— (24) Registration, and returns respecting seamen 194-243

CHAPTER IV.

PKEPABATIOHS FOR THE YOYAOE, THE 0OMVB50EMENT OF THE VOYAQS,

AND THE INCIDENTS OF THE VOTAQE.

Seaworthiness of ship — I. From deficiency or defects in hull, rigging, or tackling— (1) Disrepair or defects in hull— (2) Disrepair or defects in the rigging— (3) Disrepair or defects in the tackling— II. From incompetencv or inadequacy in the crew— (1) The master— (2) The crew — (3) Thepilot — III. From being too heavily or improperly overloaded — iV. From not being properly stored and provisioned — Ballast and dunnage — Taking in and stowing the cargo — Lights and fog signals, &c.— Charter parties and bills of lading — Exceptions in charter parties and bills of lading — Requisites to obtaining clearance — Pilots- (1) Pilots* licences (general) — (2) Trinitv-House pilots and sub-commissioners— (3) Pilot's boats (general) — (4) Compulsory pilotage (p^eneral)— (5) Compulsory pilotage (Trinity-House) — (6) Rights, privileges, andf remuneration of puots (general) — (7) Rates of pilotHge (Trinity- House)— (8) Oflfenoes of pilots— Liability of shipowners — (1) Limitation of liability— (2) Mode of procedure —(8) Savmg clause 244-275

CHAPTER V.

OF THE YOrAGE AND ITS INOTDENTS.

Proceeding on the voyage — Ports of call — Deviation— (1) From stress of iaeather—{2) For want of necessai-y repairs— {3) From illness of master or mariners —(4) AftUiny of crew — (6) Succouring ships in rfti<rfi»— Change of voyage— Collision 276-292

CONTENTS. XV

CHAPTER VI.

PAOK

Stranding — Voluntary Btranding — Throwing goods overboard — Powers of master — (1) In disposing of wreck — (2) Bonds of bottomnr — ^3) Sale of part oi cargo— (4) Hypothecation of ship, cargo, and freignt — (5) Transhipment — Wreck on coasts of United Kingdom — Daties of receivers — tJnclaimed wreck in United Kingdom — ^salvage (general) — Salvage by her Majesty's ships — Salvage in United Kingdom 298-S28

CHAPTER VII.

Stoppage in transitu — Landing of cargo — Payment of, and lien for, freight — Liability of master — Legal procedure under Merchant Shipping Act — Legal procedure (Scotland) .... 329-344