English colonies in America ...

Front matter

• •':. IFLL UlIvERSITY JBEiUY.

. .J.X I s book io xiot to be taken iroir tLe Pleading iloom.

:N T' "'E W)TH. RETUH^i ,AT 'ONC£ TO

Chapter II. The United States Territory

Unity of this teriitory . . . .

Differences of soil and climate .....

Difference between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts America shares in the general movement of manldnd westward Relations between Northern and Sonthem America

5 6 6

7 8

Chapter III. The Natives

The name Indian ....... 9

Earlier inhabitants ....... 10

Two views of Indian character : each erroneous . . .11

The Indians a tmited and homogeneous race . . . .11

The Indian in war ....... 12

Want of organization ....... 13

Positive law and morality ...... 14

Relations to the English. General summary . . . .15

Chapter IV

AMERICAN DISCOVERY DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. Pre-Columbian voyages . . . . . .18

Navigation and discovery before the fifteenth century . 18

Opening of the great era of discovery .19

English navigation and commerce . . , .20

Bristol and the West . . .... 22

The Cabots and their first patent . . . . .23

Their first Voyage ....... 24

Their second patent ... .... 25

Sebastian Cabot's second voyage . . . . .25

CONTENTS.

Second patent

Voyages about 1500

Interval of inaction

Thome's writings

Voyage of 1527

Hore's voyage

Progress of navigation

Distant voyages

Outburst of naval activity about 1550 .

Voyages to Guinea

Voyages to Russia

Death of Sebastian Cabot

Movement towards American discovery

Literature of navigation,

Spirit of enterprise in the West of Engliinn

Stukeley and his Florida scheme

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Frobisher's voyages

Gilbert's patent

His first voyage

His second voyage

His death

Peckham's Discourse on Western Planting

Carlile's scheme

Voyage of Barlow and Amidas

Raleigh's first colony .

Lane's explorations .

Troubles with the Indians

Departure of the colonists

Grenville's voyage

Raleigh's second colony

White's return .

Attempts to relieve the colony .

Conclusion ....

Chapter V

SPANISH AND FRENCH SETTLEMENTS IN AMERICA DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

Prospects of colonization among the nation? of F.nrnpe

Spain as a colonizing power

Ponce de Leon .

Lucas de Ayllon

Pamphilo de Narvaez

Hernando de Soto

Lessons of De Soto's failure

France as a colonizing nation

De Lery's attempted settlement

CONTENTS.

Verrazani

Cartier's first voyage

His second voyage

His third voyage

Roberval's settlement

The Huguenot settlement in Brazil

Ribault's voyage and settlement

The colony reinforced by Laudonni^re

Hawkins's visit

Spanish designs

Pedro de Menendez

Treachery of the French court

Destruction of the French colony

Dominic de Gourgues

84 84

85 87

90 91 93 94 95 95 96 98

Chapter VI. The Virginia Company

Increased need for emigration .

lOI

Altered views of colonization .

Mace's voyage ....

Gosnold's voyage

Richard Hakluyt

The voyages of 1603

Weymouth's voyage

. 108 fFormatiou of the Virginia Company

. 108

Constitution of the Company .

. 109

Character of the constitution .

III Preparations for a voyage

H2

Captain John Smith

. 114

Landing of the settlers

Newport's explorations

■ "7

Troubles with the Indians

Smith among the Indians

Further troubles at Jamestown

. 121

Newport's visit to Powhatan .

. 121

Smith becomes President

. 122

Eagerness of the Company for immediate gain

. 124

Prospects of the colony in Englaijd

Change in the constitution of the Company

. 126

The voyage of 1609

Discovery of the Bermudas

State of the settlement in Virginia

Departure of Smith

Distress of the colony under Percy

• 132

Intended break-up of the colony

Arrival of Delaware

State of the colony under him .

• 134

State of affairs in England

>35

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Advice of Delaware and Gates .

Sir Thomas Dale ...•••

The first Virginian code . • • • "

State of the colony under Dale . . . .

jThe second charter . . . . .

Capture of Pocahontas ....•■

Her marriage ......

Peace with the Chickahominies

Hamor's visit to Powhatan . . . . .

The French colonies ......

De la Roche's settlement . . . . .

. 146

Champlain and De Monts . . . . ■

. 146

De Poutrincourt .....

The Jesuit colony .....

. 148

Its destruction by Argall . . . . .

His attack on Port Royal ....

Discussion about Virginia in Parliament

■ '5°

The colony under Dale . . . . .

Death of Dale .......

. 152

Pocahontas in England . . . . .

■ 152

Her death .......

■ 153

Her companions ......

• 153

Yeardley acts as Governor . . . . .

Argall appointed Deputy-Governor . . . .

• 155

Formation of a new party within the Company

. 156

The case of Brewster .....

■ 157

Argall superseded by Yeardley, and Smith by Sandys

■ 157

The first Virginian Assembly . . . . .

. 158

Its composition .....

• 159

Its proceedings ......

Increased energy on the part of the Company

. 162

Schemes for converting the savages

. 163

Divisions within the Company

. 164

Opposition from the court ....

Southampton elected Treasurer

Dispute with the king about tobacco .

The colony described in Copland's sermon

The massacre ......

. 167

Spanish intrigues against the Company

Case of Butler ......

• 171

Case of Bargrave .....

. 172

Other influences injurious to the Company

Nicholas Ferrar .....

• 173

Factions in the Company ....

■ 175

The Company brought before the Privy Council

Further attacks . ...

Members imprisoned .....

• 177

Articles of indictment .....

Appointment of Commissioners

. 178

CONTENTS.

XI

The colonists support the Company ....

The trivjr Council transfers the government of the colony to the crown

Attempt to bring the matter before Parliament

The patent formally revoked ......

The Company's records .....

Conclusion . . . . . .

Chapter VII. Virginia Under Royal Government

Change in the character of subject

Physical characteristics of Virginia

System of land tenure

Relations of the colony to the crovirn

Attempt to restore the Company

Distressed state of the colony .

Improvement in its condition .

Dealings with the Indians

Legislation about tobacco culture

Disputes between Governor Harvey and the settlers

Insurrection against Harvey

Appointment of special Commissioners for the colonies

Further attempts to restore the Company

Agency of Sandys ....

Proceedings of the Assembly .

General view of the condition of the colony

Territorial limits

Prosperity and contentment among the settlers

Exportation of food ....

Modifications of the above view

Placemen

Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor

Sir William Berkeley .

Another Indian massacre

Death of Opechancanough

Submission of his successor

CHAPTER VIII. VIRGINIA inJDER THE COMMONWEALTH

Colonial policy of the Commonwealth .

Attitude of Virginia towards parties in England Absence of any religious contest Independent congregations in Virginia Distribution of power in the Virginian Constitution Comparison of the Virginian and English Constitutions Position of the Virginian royalists Dealings of Parliament with Virginia Reduction of the colony xii CONTENTS.

Terms of surrender ....

Increased power of the Assembly

The Navigation Act ....

Dispute between the Governor and the Burgesses

Decline of the Commonwealth

Berkeley appointed Governor .

Chapter IX. Virginia After The Restoration

Change of system

Fresh interest in colonization

Berkeley's instructions .

Discontent and uneasiness among the seltlers

Restrictions on commerce .

Difficulties about tobacco

Attacks by the Dutch .

Dispute about the forts

The hurricane .

Berkeley's character

Want of political morality in the colony

The Long Assembly

The king's grant of Virginia

Grant to Arlington and Culpepper

Popular grievances

Relations with the Indians

Outbreak of hostilities .

Nathaniel Bacon

A fresh Assembly elected

Its proceedings

Measures of reform

The insurrection

Bacon's success

Berkeley retires to Accomac

Bacon organizes his party

His project of independence

Berkeley's successes

Burning of Jamestown

Death of Bacon

Overthrow of the insurgents

Attitude of the Assembly

Commissioners sent out from England

Their proceedings

Berkeley's death

Report of the Commissioners

Peace with the Indians

Further discontent

Lord Culpepper appointed Governor

CONTENTS.

His character

His instructions

His report

The tobacco-cutting not

Culpepper's administration and its difficulties

Lord Howard becomes Governor

His instructions

His career as Governor

The revolution in Virginia

Lieutenant-Governor Nicholson

The church in Virginia

James Blair

Proposals for a college

Sir Edmund Andros becomes Governor

Foundation and history of the college .

Chapter X. The Foundation Of Maryland

Contrast betvireen Virginia and Maryland

The Proprietary system

Sir George Calvert

His attempts at colonization

His conflict with the Virginians

The grant of Maryland

Character of the charter

Opposition to the grant

The first settlement

Its religious character .

The voyage ....

Establishment of the colony

The first Assembly

System of land tenure .

Extension of the colony

Constitution of Maryland

Primary Assembly

System of proxies

Assembly of 1638

Assembly of 1639

Gradual establishment of representation

Dispute with Virginia .

Hostilities between the two colonies

Action of the crown

Success of Maryland .

Difficulties with the Isle of Kent

Clayborne's new scheme

Legislative system

Penal code

CONTENTS.

Laws abont religion

Judicial system

General character of the laws .

Condition of industry .

Natural resources

Relations with the Indians

War with them .

Outbreak of civil war .

Baltimore conciliates the Puritans

Immigration of Puritans into the colony

Disputes in the Assembly

Law concerning religion

Surrender of the colony to the Parliamentary Commissioners

Troubles with the Nanticock Indians .

Stone's attempt at a counter-revolution

Resumption of authority by the Commissioners

Outbreak of hostilites .

Fendall's intrigues

Baltimore's petition

Proceedings in England concerning Maryland

Agreement between Baltimore and the Commissioners

Dispute between the Proprietor and the Assembly

Chapter XI. The Revolution In Maryland

State of the colony after the Restoration

State of religious parties

Other elements of dissension

Murder of Rousby

A revolution threatened

Outbreak of hostilities .

Proceedings of the victorious party

Baltimore deprived of his Proprietorship

Disputes as to the Proprietor's revenue

Establishment of the Royal authority

Nicholson as Governor

His reforms . . . .

Attacks upon him

Rumors of Jacobitism ....

The Church of England established in the colony

Restoration of the Proprietor .

Chapter XII. The Two Carolinas

Fresh impulse towards colonization after the Restoration The grant of Carolina .....

328 329

CONTENTS.

Reservation of popular rights .

Sir Robert Heath's grant Emigration from the other colonies Various settlements within the territory of Carolina The first emigrants from Virginia Government established by Berkeley .

Further progress of the colony Its history becomes obscure _Jhe Fundamental Constitutions Their general character

Later changes in the Fundamental Constitutions Last change in 1698 ....

Actual legislation in North Carolina Condition of the colony Rebellion of 1678 Deposition of Sothel

Connection between North and South Carolina Rebellion of 171 1 Troubles with the Indians The Palatine settlement Execution of Lawson The Tuscarora War

Records of legislation in North Carolina General condition of the colony Extinction of the Proprietary government in North Carolina The settlement at Cape Fear Sandford's voyage Project of a southern colony .

Industrial schemes of the Proprietors The early years of the colony .

State of the colony under West Settlers from various countries Scotch settlers at Port Royal The colony invaded by the Spaniards .

Enslavement of the Indians by the planters Activity of Shaftesbury

Dissensions between the Proprietors and the colonists Right of self-taxation .

Rebellion against Colleton Ludwell appointed Governor .

Archdale as Governor The High Church party First invasion of Florida Sir Nathaniel Johnson, Governor Second invasion of Florida Siege of Charlestown .

Attempts to enforce conformity The Conformity Bill vetoed by the crown The Church Establishment Act

CONTENTS.

Charles Craven, Governor

General state of the colony

The Yamassee War . . . ■

Poverty of the colony

Pohtical disputes between the settlers and the Proprietor

Attack upon Trott . . . '.

An agent sent to England

An association formed against the Proprietors

Overthrow of the Proprietary government

General character of this revolution

Chapter XIII. The Social And Economical Life Of The Southern Colonies

Uniform character of the Southern colonies

. 381

Early forms of slavery .

Kidnapping

Establishment of negro slavery

Moral feeling about slavery

Legislation about slavery

ReUgious status of the negro

General influence of slavery

Development of an aristocracy

Social life of the Southern colonies

Want of coinage

Want of education

Compensatory advantages of slavery

• • 394

Aristocratic feeling

• 395

Peculiarities of South Carolina .

•

• 395

APPENDICES.

Appendix A. — The name Indian

B. — Hereditary succession among the Indian

C. — ^The Cabots and their voyages

• 399

D.— The Contractation House at Seville

■ 407

E.— Captain John Smith

. 407

INDEX .

• 413

THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA.