Front matter
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Chapter I
VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY. TERRITORIAL CLAIMS,
Tags
The "West Indies ; Name of America 33
Alleged Icelandic Discovery ; English Expedition 34
State of England ; John Cabot ; his Patent 34
Discovery of North America 35
Second Patent ; Voyage of Sebastian Cabot 36
Cotemporaneous Discovery by Vasco de Gama 3G
Fishery of Newfoundland 37
Title by Discovery ; English Claim to North America . . 37
Portuguese Voyages ; Discovery of Brazil 38
Cape Breton ; Discoveries by French Fishermen 39
Spanish Settlements in the West Indies 39
Florida ; Chicora ; Gulf of Mexico 39
Search for a Northwest Passage to India 41
Voyage of Magellan ; the Globe circumnavigated 42
Voyage of Verrazzani ; Italian Navigators 42
Voyage of Gomez ; Slavery of Indians 43
Expedition of Narvaez to Florida 44
Cartier explores the St. Lawrence 44
First English Attempt at Settlement in America 46
Bobertval's Colony on the St. Lawrence 46
French Claim to North America 46
De Soto's Expedition through the present Southern States. 47
Coronado's Expedition up the Gila and Del Norte 48
TTpper California ; Decline of Spanish Enterprise 48
Spanish Claim to North America 49 xiv CONTENTS.
Chapter II. Aspect And Aboriginal Inhabitants Of North America
Vaga
Spanish and Portuguese Settlements in America 50
Newfoundland Fishery ; Coast and Climate of North America 5 1
Aboriginal Inhabitants ; their Tribes and Confederacies ... 51
Languages ; Records and Traditions 52
Political System ; Chiefs ; Prophets 54
Apparent Forms of Government ; Hereditary Descent .... 56
Ideas of Property ; Industry ; Trade 5G
Administration of Justice ; Right of private Vengeance .... 57
Wars ; System of Tactics . 58
Treatment of Enemies ; Adoption 59
Hunting and Fishing ; Wood-craft ; Migratory Habits .... 60
Forests and Prairies ; Quadrupeds ; Fowl ; Fish 60
Pastoral Life unknown ; Agriculture 61
Servile Condition of Women ; Manners , 62
Weapons and Utensils ; Canoes ; Dress and Ornaments. . . 63
Want of Foresight ; gluttonous Feasts ; Tobacco 64
Dances; Festivals; Ceremonies; Games 65
Scanty Population ; Diseases 65
Probable Numbers 65
Traces of a former more numerous Population 66
General Similarity .North of the Gulf of Mexico 67
Aboriginal Inhabitants of the rest of America 68
Maltreatment by the early Discoverers 69
Traffic on the North American Coast 70
Chapter III
CAROLINA. COLONY OF ST. AUGUSTINE. NEW MEXICO. VIRGINIA. ACADIE. NEW FRANCE. NEW NETHER- LAND.
Protestant Reformation ; Huguenots 71
French Colony in Florida ; Fort Carolina 71
Second Colony ; Visit of Hawkins 72
Enterprise of Menendez ; St. Augustine founded 73
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Revenge of De Gourges ; slow Progress of St. Augustine . , 75
New Mexico discovered and occupied 76
English Maritime Adventure ; Search for a Northeast Passage 77
Rene,wed Search for a Northwest Passage ; Frobisher's Voyages 77
Hostilities between Spain and England; Privateering 7.8
Sir Humphrey Gilbert ; his Patent and first Voyage 78
Drake's Voyage round the World ; New Albion 79
Gilbert's second Voyage ; Claim to Newfoundland 80
Raleigh's Patent ; Voyage of Amidas and Barlow 80
Virginia ; Colony of Roanoke 81
Lane's Explorations ; Visit of Drake 83
Roanoke deserted ; Arrival of Grenville 85
City of Raleigh ; Spanish Armada 85
Raleigh assigns his Patent ; vain Search for the Colonists . 87
Hakluyt ; De Bry ; Tobacco ; the Potato 87
French Fur Trade ; De la Roche's Commission 89
Chauvin ; De Chatte ; Pontgrave 90
Voyages of Gosriold and Pring ; Cape Cod ; Penobscot Bay 90
Voyage of Pontgrave and Champlain to the St. Lawrence . 91
Acadie ; Bay of Fundy ; St. Croix ; Explorations 92
Voyage of Weymouth ; Sir Ferdinando Gorges 93
Charter of Virginia 94
Instructions for the Government of Virginia 96
Port Royal ; Quebec ; Lake Champlain ; New France ... 96
Voyages of Hudson 97
New Netherland ; conflicting Territorial Claims 98
Chapter IV. Settlement Of Virginia
London Virginia Company ; first Colony 9°
Voyage and Arrival ; Jamestown 100
Government organized ; Explorations; Indians 101
Distress of the Colony ; Energy of Smith , . . . 102
His Captivity and Release ; new Colonists 103 vvi CONTENTS.
Page
Imaginary Gold ; first Remittance 10c
Smith explores the Chesapeake; becomes President 106
More Colonists; Company's angry Letter 106
Newport's Explorations ; Smith's Answer to the Company , 107
Second Charter of Virginia 108
Fourth Arrival of Colonists ; Departure of Smith 109
Starving Time ; Arrival of Lord De la War 110
Dale's Administration ; Laws ; Assignment of Lands 112
Bad Repute of Virginia ; Supplementary Charter 113
Marriage of Pocahontas ; Relations with the Indians 113
Argall's Expedition to Acadie and Hudson River 114
Lands; Tenants; Salaries; Corn and Tobacco 115
Visit of Pocahontas to England 116
Argall's Administration ; Yeardley Governor 117
Disputes in the Company; Sandys Treasurer 118
First Colonial Assembly 118
Immigrants; Women; Convicts; Negro Slaves 119
Slavery in Europe and America 119
Southampton Treasurer; Free Trade; Explorations 121
College ; Iron Works ; new Staples attempted 121
Parliamentary Complaints; Orders in Council 122
Ordinance establishing the Colonial Assembly 123
Parish Endowments; Salaries 123
Instruction to Wyatt ; Indian Massacre and War 124
Investigation ordered into the Company's Affairs. .■ 126
First extant Acts of Assembly 126
Part taken by the Assembly in the pending Controversy. . . 125
Company's Charter forfeited ; Royal Instructions 129
Wyatt's Report on the Condition of the Colony ; Tobacco. 130
Potts Governor; his Trial for Cattle-stealing 131
Fort at Point Comfort; Salt Work 131
Revisal of the Laws ; Middle Plantation 132
Division into Counties 135
Delaware Bay and River ; Dutch Traders 135
Chapter V. Settlement Of New Netherland
utch Republic ; Trade to Hudson River 136
isit of Argall ; English Claim 136
utch Explorations ; New Netherland 137
ort up the Hudson; Iroquois or Five Nations 138
idians on the Lower Hudson; Manhattan 138
he Delaware explored; proposed English Colonists 139
ew Claims by the English ; Dutch West India Company 139
orts Nassau and Orange ; Colony of Walloons 140
orm of Administration ; Fur Trade; Fort Amsterdam .. . 141
itercourse with New Plymouth 141
cheme for Colonizing New Netherland ; Patrocns 142
wanandal ; Pavonia ; Rensselaerswyck 143
disputes with the Patroons ; English Claims 144
lolony of Z wanandal destroyed ; De Vries 144
an Twiller Director ; English Competition on the Hudson 145
'ort on the Connecticut; Collision with Plymouth 145
'he Delaware reoccupied ; Progress of New Amsterdam . . 147
lisputes with the Patroons ; Purchase of Zwanandal 147
atrusions from Massachusetts on the Connecticut 147
few Albion 148
rillage of Flatlands ; Van Twiller recalled 148
aeft Director ; Colony of Rensselaerswyck 149
Chapter VI
EW ENGLAND. COLONY OF NEW PLYMOUTH. LACONIA
!ompany for North Virginia 150
'reliminary Voyages ; Colony at Sagadahoc 150
attempted Settlement in Newfoundland ; Monhiggon .. . . 151
'oyages of Smith and Hunt ; Name of New England .... 151
eal of Smith ; Great Patent of New England 152
Ihurch of England; the Puritans 153
'he Brownists; Court of High Commission 154
Irownist Emigrations to Holland 15o
'roposed Emigration to America 156
I. P
<vlil CONTENTS.
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Arrangement with the Virginia Company ; Joint Stock . 156
Embarkation and Voyage; Arrival at Cape Cod 157
Compact of Government ; Magistrates chosen 158
Explorations ; Dormer's recent Voyages 159
New Plymouth founded ; Military Organization 160
'ntercourse with Indians; the Pocanokets 161
Recent Mortality among the Indians 161
Mortality among the Colonists ; Visit to Massasoit 162
Collision with the Indians ; Submission of nine Sachems .. . 162
Exploration of Massachusetts Bay 163
Arrival of the Fortune; first Remittance 163
The Narragansets ; Fortification of New Plymouth 164
Scarcity of Provisions ; Fort and Church 165
Weston's Plantation at Wissagusset . 165
Indian Plot; Expedition and Exploits of Standish 166
New England Patent questioned 167
West Admiral of New England 168
Gorges and Mason; Mariana ; Laconia 168
Grant of Nova Scotia 169
Lieutenant General and Ecclesiastical Commissary 169
Progress of New Plymouth ; Religious Disputes 170
New Plymouth in its fifth Year ; the Forefathers 171
Affairs of the Council for New England 172
Baronets of Nova Scotia 173
Close of the Plymouth Joint Stock ; Trade of New Plymouth 173
Settlements on the Coast ; Morton of Merry Mount 174
Patent for New Plymouth ; Government and Laws ., 175
Church of New Plymouth 175
Chapter VII
COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. LIGONIA. ^ PEMAQUID.
Settlement at Cape Anne ; Massachusetts Patent 176
London Partners, Endicott sent to Massachusetts 178
Old Planters ; Indians 178
Lincolnshire Associates; Royal Charter 179
Company organized; London's Plantation 180
Salem Church ; Proceedings against the Brownes 182
Plan for transferring the Charter 183
Winthrop's Emigration ; Parting Address 184
Passage and Arrival; Towns founded 185
Township Organization; first General Court 186
Churches organized ; Military Exercises 187
Sickness and Discouragements ; faint Hearts 187
Severe Winter; Roger "Williams; Dudley's Letter 188
Second General Court ; Theocracy established 189
Ecclesiastical System ; Church and State 190
Distinction of Ranks; austere System of Manners. 192
Severe Treatment of old Planters ; Eliot and the younger
Winthrop 193
Complaints in England against the Colony 1 94
Third General Court ; Restrictions on the Magistrates .... 195
New Comers ; Regulation of Wages and Prices 196
Sumptuary Laws ; Progress of Boston 197
Small-pox among the Indians 197
The Freemen reclaim their chartered Rights 197
Cotton's Election Sermon; Dudley Governor 199
Moderation of the Freemen ; Winthrop's Accounts 199
Progress 6f Massachusetts 200
New Hampshire; Ligonia; Pemaquid 200
Conquest and Restoration of Acadie and Canada 202
French Collision with New Plymouth 202
Plymouth Trading House on the Connecticut 203
Chapter VIII
SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND. PROGRESS OF VIRGINIA.
Persecution of the English Catholics 204
Sir George Calvert; his Colony in Newfoundland 205
Created Lord Baltimore ; his Visits to America 205
Charter of Maryland 206
Opposition of Clayborne 208
Settlement at St. Mary's 202
Trading Voyage to Massachusetts 209 xx CONTENTS.
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Collision with Clayborne -• • 209
Discontents in Virginia ; Governor Harvey 210
Land Grants in Maryland 210
First and second Assemblies 211
Third Assembly ; proposed Penal Code. .•. 211
Laws actually enacted; Religious Toleration 213
Economical Legislation in Virginia; first Stop Law 214
Chapter IX
PROGRESS OF MASSACHUSETTS. CONNECTICUT. PROV- IDENCE. RHODE ISLAND. NEW HAVEN. NEW SOM- ERSET. MAINE.
First Representative Court in Massachusetts 216
Influx of Immigrants 217
Lords Proprietors of Connecticut 217
New Complaints against Massachusetts 218
Royal Colonial Commission 219
Alarm in Massachusetts ; Measures for Defense . 219
Conflicting Claims of the Magistrates and Deputies 220
Censure of Stoughton 221
Roger Williams ; the Cross in the Colors 221
Further Measures of Defense ; Oath of Fidelity 222
Williams's Doctrine of Soul-liberty 223
Haynes Governor ; first Caucus 224
Censure of Endicott 224
New Townships ; Law for their Regulation 225
New England Patent ; Partition of New England 225
Mason's Quo Warranto ; Winslow's Imprisonment 226
The Plymouth Traders expelled from the Penobscot 227
Williams and the Salem Church 227
Banishment of Williams 228
Migration to Connecticut ; Fort Saybrook 229
Severe Winter; Sufferings of the Emigrants 230
Flight of Williams ; Providence founded 230
Blackstone's Settlement on the Pawtucket 231
R-enewed Migration to the Connecticut 233
Political System of Massachusetts 233
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Counselors for Life 233
Vane Governor ; new Trouble about the Colors 234
Indians of New England 236
Origin of the Pequod War 237
Endicott's Expedition : 240
Alliance with the Narragansets 240
The Connecticut Towns attacked 241
Organization of the Massachusetts Militia 241
The Hutchinsonian Controversy 242
Inflamed State of Party Feeling 244
Court of Elections ; Triumph of the Orthodox 245
The Hutchinsonians beaten, but not subdued 24 G
Law against new Comers ; Departure of Vane 247
Preparations for attacking the Pequods 247
Connecticut Expedition 248
Destruction of the Pequod Fort 249
Progress of the War ; Ruin of the Pequods 251
Indian Policy of the Colonists 252
Synod ; severe Proceedings against the Hutchinsonians .... 253
Aquiday or Rhode Island ; Providence Covenant 256
Mrs. Hutchinson excommunicated and banished 257
Compulsory Support of Ministers ; Cotton's Confession . . . 258
Wheelwright and Underhill retire to New Hampshire .... 258
New Towns in Plymouth Colony 260
Colony of New Haven 260
Independence of Connecticut ; Frame of Government 261
Civil and Religious System of New Haven 262
Latitudinarian Church suppressed 263
Harvard College ; Printing Press 263
The Freemen jealous of the Magistrates 264
New Demands from England 264
New Somerset ; Maine 265
Meeting of the Long Parliament 267
Progress of New England thus far 267 sxii CONTENTS.
Chapter X. New England During The Long Parliament
Pafii
Tender Law ; Currency ; Wampum 268
Fishery ; Ship Building ; Manufacture of Cloths 269
Fundamental Laws demanded ; Cotton and Ward 270
Annexation of New Hampshire ; Underhill's Penance .. . . 271
Agents sent to England ; Iron Works 273
Body of Liberties or Fundamentals 274
Bellingham's Administration ; his singular Marriage 279
Winthrop again Governor ; Migrations 280
Winthrop's Letter to Lord Say ; Richard Saltonstall 281
Briscoe fined ; New England Slave Trade 282
Alarm of Indian Hostilities 283
Invitations to the Westminster Assembly 284
Applications for Ministers 284
Favorable Order of the Commons 285
Oath of Allegiance ; Red Cross 285
Division into Counties ; White Hills visited 285
United Colonies of New England 285
Plymouth ; New Haven ; Connecticut 286
South Boundary of Massachusetts 287
Maine ; Aquiday and Providence 28S
Baptist Church at Providence; Williams a Seeker 289
Baptist Migrations to New Netherland 289
Massachusetts Law against Baptists 290
Baptist Church at Newport 290
Gorton's Settlement at Shawomet 290
Williams goes to England for a Charter 291
Submission of the Shawomet Sachems to Massachusetts. . . 291
Fate of Miantonimoh 292
Arrest of the Gortonists ; their Trial and Sentence 293
Gorton's Visit to England 297
Division of the General Court into two Houses 297
Affairs of Acadie ; La Tour's Visit to Boston 299
Assistance afforded him 301
His second Visit to Boston ; Arrival of Madame La Tour , 302
Third Meeting of the New England Commissioners 304 strates 304
•liamentary Commission for the Colonies 304
lliams in England ; Providence Charter 305
il War in Boston Harhor 306
air of the Hingham Militia 307
nthrop impeached ; his Acquittal and Speech 307
;ition for Toleration ; its Rejection 310
imcil for Life stripped of its Power 311
litary Preparations against the Narragansets 311
bmission of Pessacus ; Indian Vassals 312
in and Treachery of La Tour 313
)mwell the Buccaneer 314
saty with D'Aulney 315
mmons from England to answer Gorton's Complaint. ... 316
bates upon it ; Winslow appointed Agent 317
tition of non-Church Members for Civil B-ights ; Petition-
;rs fined 317
>vement in Plymouth for the same Object 319
tition to Parliament ; harsh Treatment of the Petitioners 319
e Petition goes forward; Cotton, Vassall, Child 321
vernment organized under the Providence Charter 322
rton's Return ; Dissensions in Rhode Island 323
ssionary Labors of Eliot .' 324
:w London ; Partition of the Pequod Country 325
ybrook Impost ; 111 Feeling in the New England Union . 326
cond Synod ; Influenza ; Cambridge Platform 326
iath of Winthrop ; Endicott Governor 328
idley Governor ; his Death and Epitaph 329
bison's Wonder-working Providence 329
onomical Condition of New England 330
ogress of Boston; Massachusetts Militia 331
issachusetts Officers in the Parliamentary Army 334
XX1V CONTENTS.
Chapter XI
VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND DURING THE ENGLISH CIVIL WARS AND THE COMMONWEALTH.
Eiigo
Congratulation at the Meeting of the Long Parliament . . , 335
The Company applies for a Restoration of its Charter 335
Second Revision of the Virginia Code 336
Number of Burgesses and Mode of Election 339
Virginia adheres to the King 339
Puritans in Virginia ; Ministers from Massachusetts 339
Indian Massacre and War 340
Fourth and fifth Assemblies of Maryland ; System of Laws 341
Defense against the Indians 344
Rebellion and Civil War 345
A Protestant Governor appointed 34(?
Proprietary Draft of Laws; Toleration Act 347
Address to the Proprietary 349
Condition of Virginia 349
Comparison of Virginia and New England 352
Disaffection in Virginia 352
Puritan Emigration to Maryland; new Counties 353
Charles II. proclaimed in Virginia and Maryland 353
Davenant's Commission as Governor of Maryland 354
Ordinance for subduing the Royalist Colonies 355
Expeditions against Barbadoes and Virginia 355
Terms of Capitulation ; Bennett Governor of Virginia 356
Proceedings in Maryland 357
Navigation Ordinances 358
Governor Stone deposed ; Puritan Governor and Assembly. 359
Papists and Prelatists disfranchised ; Civil War 359
Appeal to Cromwell 361
Rival Governments ; final Settlement 362
Proprietary Authority and Toleration re-established 362
Third Revisal of the Virginia Laws 363
The Assembly triumphs over Mathews 364
Rules of Proceeding for the Assembly 3t>5
Richard Cromwell acknowledged; Claims of the Assembly 365
Berkeley chosen Governor 366 ivoyai Autnority recognized; State Mouse to Be built. . . . 3bb
New Disturbances in Maryland 367
Final re-establishment of the Proprietary Authority 367
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