Correspondence of Princess Lieven and Earl Grey

Front matter

ihxm^

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE

SAGE ENDOWMENT

Preface

The Duke of Sutherland' s answers to Madame dt Lieveii s letters have 7wne of them been preserved. To

judge, however, by the next letter from the Princess, he would appear to have suggested that, in view of their ultimate publication. Lord Grey s letters would

gain in interest by having Madame de Lieven's replies appended to them ; and an inquiry must have followed as to what luere her wishes in regard to the tUtimate

fate of the correspondence, and whether it were to be deposited meanwhile at Stafford House.

The answering letter from the Priitcess is dated Paris, November ig following, and contains the subjoined paragraphs :

'fadopte tout a fait voire pensde a fdgard de vies lettres a Lord Grey. Toutes infirieures qu'elles soienf atix siennes, elles conipldtent cependant tme correspondance qui embrasse une pdj'iode assez considerable, et de r histoire de voire pays. Je crois done titile de les joindre au volume de lettres que vous possddez, et cest a vous aussi que fen laisserai la garde et la prapridtd..

PREFA CE.

Voire idi'c a scrvi a d&jclopper Ics luienncs snr ce sujct. Comme cette corrcspondance etait i^dg^dicrcment interrompue toiis les ans, pendant plusieiirs luois, par le s^jour de Lord Grey d Londres, il sen suit naturelleinent de grandes lacnnes dans le rc'cit des fatts. Ma vidinoire est cnco7'e si bonne qttd l' aide d'aiitres documents que je possede je potirrais suppleer a ces lacunes par des narrations qtii lieraient les c'vt'nevients entre eiix, et serviraient de chaine d cette corrcspondance . Ccci la coinplc'terait e7iticrenient. . . . Je passe, Monsiein" le Due, aiix questions que votes in adressez : I'dpoqtie oil cette corrcspondance pourrait ctr'e publide ? J'adopte le ternie que vo7is avez fixd^ a savoir, lorsque voire fits aura atteint sa cinquantihnc annce, ou bien — sur le prhicipe d' incertitude de la vie huinainc — -fixons le chiffre rond de I' amice 1880.'

The paragraphs following were in ansioer to the inquiry, on the Dukes part, whether Lady Grey, or any other person, should be allowed, before j88o, to read the letters ; and in view of Lord Greys wish expressed in a letter to the Princess dated November 4-, 1834 — ' You see how freely I zarite, but it is only tipon condition that my letters are never seen by anybody but yourself — Madame de Lieven concludes that she would not be justified in allowing anybody at present to examine them. Princess Lieven finishes her letter by reqziesting that the Duke zuill send her the box containing the correspondence, directing it to the care of Count de Jarnac, who will see to its transmission to Paris.

PRE FA CE.

Into her hands the letters safely caiuc, in the course of the December following, and during the year 1847 Princess Licven ivas occupied in looking them through, and classifying them according to dates. Front tJic present condition of these documents, it would appear that in one or two instances the Princess, presumably at this period^ blotted out certain passages in her later letters. Apparently, too, the task of filling in the ' lacunes par des narrations qui lieraient les c'vifnements cntre eux' zuas found to be unnecessary, or beyond the strength of the Princess — in any case, nothing of the kind zaas ever accomplished ; and in January, 1848, the zuhole correspondence zoas sent back to Stafford House, and given over finally to the charge of the Duke. A letter dated from Paris January 10, 1848, opens with the following passage, which must be the last of the present extracts from the letters written by the Pi'-incess to the late Duke of Sutherland :

' A/onsteur le Due, je vous envoye atijourd'hui le complement de la correspondance, toutes mes lettrcs a Lord Grey. Elles sont ires in times, plus intimes que les siennes. Je ne saurais vous 7^efuser, a vous, la lecttire de ces lettres, si tant est que vous mettiez de prix et de curiosity a les lire. Mais finsiste, plus que jamais, que ce soil votis seul, et la Dttchesse, qui les lisiez. Voire discrdtion et votj^e amitid pour moi sont mes garanties, et vous verrez en lisant a quel point fabsolue discretion mest ndcessaire!

At Stafford House the correspondence remained, from the date of the above, locked up till the year xii PREFACE.

1880, Princess Licven having passed aioay in 1857, a7id the second Dnke of Sutherland Jiaving tn the meantime been succeeded by his son the present Duke. Indeed, it zoas not till 1885 that any effectual steps were taken to carry out the zcishes of the Princess. In the spring- of that year the Duke of Sutherland showed me at Staford House the correspondence bound tn ten thick quarto volumes, and requested that I should look through them, with a vieiv, if possible, to making the needful ai'rangcments for their ptiblication. After glancing cursorily throitgh the volumes, and reading the zvritten instructions left by the Princess (already given in the quotations on the preceding pages), it appeared to me that the wishes of the zvriter zoould best be carried out by publishing her letters and those of Lord Grey, respectively in French and in English, in- their proper sequence, only adding such needful matter in the form of notes as might be required to elucidate the incidents mentioned in the text. I began, therefore, by copyingout in extenso the first three quarto volumes containing the letters, and armed loith this as a specimen, took the advice of literary friends, and proceeded in search of a publisher zvilling to undertake the book. The advice, hozaevcr, zalnch I received from friends perplexed and discouraged me , and my subsequent interviews ztnth tlie publishers only confirmed zuhat I had been told elsezc'lure. It appeared to be practically impossible to bring out a book half in French and half in English, as I proposed, and the publishers zohom I saw, one and all, refused to undertake the work in the form in which it

PREFA CE. xiii

f/ien stood. T was told that the book vmst be in one language, and it devolved on me, therefore (vnich against 77iy will), to tiirn the French portions into English, so as to correspond zoith the other half of the work.

An Italian proverb asserts that every translator is a traitor, and I certainly do not lay claim to have any exception made in my favour. The gracefid, and yet pungent.^ style of the original French must needs be lost to a great extent in an English version. I have done my best to keep this as literal as was consistent with passably idiomatic English ; but those wJio have had a like experience to the ungrateful task thus imposed upon me, will bear me witness that, an Englisli Iclter, being so utterly dissimilar in style to one -written in French, any translation, not to verge on tlie ludicrous, has often to take the form of a paraphrase. In the present instance hard necessity alone is tlie excuse for what I have attempted to carry through. I need scarcely point out how much more satisfactory it would have been to myself (and, I cannot help thinking, to most of my readers also) had it been sufficient merely to copy out the Princess's letters in the French, instead of attempting the task of their translation.

While on this subject, I may state that whenever the Princess, as sometimes occurs, writes a phrase in her letters in En<rlish, her words have betn inserted verbatim in my translation, and attention is called to the occurrence by single inverted commas. On the other hand, the few French sentences which occur in Lord

PREFACE.

Grey's letters I have thought it needless to translate, and have left them as they stood.

A considerable number of letters in the earlier part of the correspondence have been omitted, as not being sufficiently interesting to warrant their insertion, and in order to husband the space as much as might be for more important matter. Further, I have cut out considerable poi'tions of some of the letters (tlie place of omissions being indicated by points) where the writers had made repetitions, or had dilated at length on the subject of the weather, personal health, and other matters of merely ephemeral interest.

Anything that I have added to the text has been enclosed in scjuare brackets. The dates, for example, of the Princess s letters are generally put in from the dockets in Lord Greys handwriting found on the blank sheet. These dockets, however, are in a fezv cases evidently incorrect, and in some instances I have had to insert the date of day and month with a note of interrogation, having had for sole guide the references to passing events, found in tJie letters.

Princess Lieven, as a rule, besides dating her letters insufficiently, signed them zuith a complicated fomn of dash only. This I have replaced in the printed text by a bar.

It is worth noting that whenever a sio-natnre does occur, it is invariably ' D. Lieven', although in sheakinoof her husband, the Princess zorites ' JMonsieur de Lieven.'

For the information embodied in my notes, I haz

<c

PREFACE.

consulted Mr. Henry Reeves edition of C. C. Grevilles ' Diary '^ and Sir H. Bulwei's ' Life of Lord Palnierston.' Fnriher, the Histories of England for the period by Mr. S. Walpole and Miss Martinean, and the excellent snnvnary by Mr. R, Lodge, published by M-nrray, nndcr the title of ' The Student's Modern Etirope. ' The well- known ' Political Sketches ' by H. B., have beoi of assistance in identifying individuals mentioned incidentally, or tinder a sobriquet. Tor the dates of events during the Polish insicrrection, and in the spelling of Polish names, I have co7isulted the work of S. B. Gnorozoski, London, 1839, entitled ' The Lnsurrection of Poland in 1830-31.'

To the va7'ious authors and editors of the above works L beg to tender my acknoivledgnients.

Many have aided me with counsel and iiforniation on obscure points, and L owe a large debt of gratitude to my friends. To the Duke of Sutherland above all do / feel grateful, not only for placing these letters in my hands, but also for having ever zuith cordial goodwill promptly aided me, zuhen and how I needed help, to overcome the difficidties that beset the undertaking. To Earl Gi^ey my thanks are due for permission to proceed in the publication of his father s letter i.

Two volumes of this correspondence, bringing it doivn to the year 1834, when Lord Grey resigned office, and Princess Lieven left England, are now given to the public, but the third and concluding volume is ready for the pre^s, and will be published should the reception accorded the present volumes warrant its appearance.

■PREFACE.

The final volume will contain the letters doivn to August, 1 84 1, after which the correspondence apparently ceased. It is intended that an index shall appear at the close of the work., and this will explain its absence from the vohtmes issued at the present date.

22, Piazza dell' Indipendenza,

Florence, November, 1889.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

PRINCESS LIEVEN.

Princess Lieven, ji'ee Dorothee Betikendorf, born in December, 1784, was the daughter of General Christopher Benkendorf, and descended from an ancient Livonian family. Dorothee Benkendorf received her education at an institution thai enjoyed the patronage of the Empress Marie, wife of Paul /., and mother of the Czars Alexander I. and Nicholas. In 1801, at the age of sixteen, Dorothee married Count Christopher lieven. At the Peace of Tilsit, in 1807, Count lievot had attained the rank of lieutenatit-General, and i7i 1810 was accredited to Berlin as liussian Minister Ple?iipotentiary, at the Court of Frederick- William III. I?i 18 12 Count Lieven was appointed Ambassador in London, and held this post for the following two-andtwenty years. At the time of the coronation of the Emperor Nicholas {September, 1826), Count Lieven received the title of Prince. In 1834 Prince Lieven was recalled from London, and named Governor to the young Czarewitch, in after-years the Emperor Alexander II.

It was while travelling with the Czarewitch that Prince Lieven was taken suddenly ill, and died in Rome, January, 1839.

Princess Lieven (who survived her husband during eighteen years) was at this time living in Paris, occupying the entresol of Prince Talleyrand's hotel, at No. i, Rue St. Florentin. She co?itinued to reside here, with short interruptions of absence from Paris, down to the time of h^r death, in January, 1857.

Princess Lieve7i had two brothers, whose names occur in the following pages. Count Alexander Benkendorf , four years her senior, was

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

aide-de-camp to the Emperor Nicholas, and at one time Chief of the Secret Police. He died in 1844. Cou7it Coiistatitine Benkendorf luas born in the same year as the Princess , he rose to the ra?tk of General in the Russian service, and died of fever, in 1828, at Pravadi, during the first campaig?i of the war agaitist Turkey.

Princess Lieve7i had, in all, five sons and one daughter. Tivo sons, Alexander and Paid, alone survived their parents. Of the younger children, the only daughter died, presumably, in infancy ; Arthur a?td George died at Petersburg, of scarlet fever, in 1835 / while Constantine, having incurred his father^ s displeasure, left his family and died in America in the year 1838.*

EARL GREY.

Charles, secofid Earl Grey, was born in 1764, and tvas, therefore, by twenty years, senior to Princess Lieven. As Mr. Grey, he had entered Parliament in 1786, sitting for the county of Northumberla7id. He was subsequently one of the managers of the impeachfnent of Warren Hastings, and on the death of Mr. Pitt, in 1806, took ofiice under Mr. Fo.x as First Lord of the Admiralty. On the death of the latter, in October of this same year, Mr. Grey, now become Lord Hoivick, was appointed Secretary for Foreigii Affairs, and was leader of the House of Commons, Lord Grenville holding the office of First Liord of the Treasury. The Greitville-Grey Cabinet retired in March, 1807, arid Lord Howick, by the death of his father in this same year, succeeded to the peerage.

At the time of Queen Caroline's trial, the honest and independent part taken by Lord Grey, combined with the powers he displayed duri7i<^ the debates in the House of Lords, won for him the increased respect of the nation, but, at the same time, the undying aversion of George I]\ and it was only after that Sovereign' s death that Lord Grey returned to offtee. During four years, from 1830 to 1834, he was head of the

* An excellent account of Princess Uevai,froni tlie pen of one -who t;new tier during porty years both in London and Paris, is to be found in tlie Tfiird Part of Mr. C. GreviUe's " Diary," vol. ii.,pp. 76-83. In tlie " Biographie Vniversclle de Midland,'" tome x.xiv., M. Gnillaunie GuirM has 'duritten a biographical notice of Madame de Lieven, which may be consulted with advanta<^e.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Administration which carried the Reform Bill. In July of the latter

year he retired from office, and took no further prominent part in

politics. Lord Grey died July 17, 1845, (igsd.%\.

Lord Grey, in 1794 {being at that time Mr. Grey), married Mary

Elizabeth, daughter of William, first Baron Fonsonby, whose widow.

Lady Fonsonby, subsequently married William, fourth Earl Fitz-

william. Lady Grey died in 1861.

Lady Grey's brother John, afterwards Viscount Fonsonby, filled

several important posts in the diplomatic service, and successively became

British Ambassador at Constantinople and Vienna.

Earl Grey had eight sons and five daughters, many of whose names

find mention in the following correspondence. His eldest son, Henry,

Lord Howick, is the present Earl Grey. Charles, a general in the army, was private secretary to H.R.H. the Frince Consort, and remained in the Queen's household down to the time of his decease in 1870. Frederick and George served in the royal navy, and both attained the rank of Admiral. John and Francis entered the Church : the former became Canon of Durham; the latter holds the rectory of Morpeth. Henry served in the army, and William, the youngest son, was a secretary in the diplomatic service.

Lord Grey's eldest daughter, Lady Louisa, married (1816) /. G. Lambton, afterwards Earl of Durham. Lady Elizabeth married (1826) /. C. Bulteel. Lady Caroline married (1827) Captain the Hon. G. Barrington, R.N. Lady Mary married (1829) the Right Hon. Sir C. Wood, Bart, M.F., afterwards Viscount Halifax. Lady Georgiana Grey is the only one of Lord Grey's daughters at present surviving. Of the brothers and sisters of ilu second Earl, the only individuals mentioned in the correspondence are his brother. Sir George Grey, Bart., of Falloden, who died in 1S28/ his brother Edward, Bishop of Hereford, who married a daughter of Lord Grey's old friend. Sir Robert Adair {so often mentioned in the letters) ; and, finally, his sister Lady Hannah, who became the wife of the Right Hon. Edward Ellice, M.F. for Coventry, one of the founders of the Reform Club, and well known in society under the sobriquet of ' Bear Ellice:

CONTENTS OF VOL. I.

Chapter I. George IV. — Lord Liverpool Premier

\\'indsor— Austrian Edict against Lord Holland— Death of Lady Fitzwilliam — Defeat of Turks at Ipsara—Alava— Ferdinand VU. of Spain — Death of Louis XVIIL— Lord Grey's Views of Spanish Affairs — Lambton Races, Lady Londonderry and Lady Wilton — Destructive Floods in Petersburg — Changes in the Cabinet, Lord Sidmouth's Resignation — Recognition of the Independence of the South American Colonies — The Commissioners weather-bound in the Sound — Death of Czar Alexander L — Proclamation of Constantine as Emperor — His Renunciation of the Crown — Insurrection of the Troops [in his Favour — Czar Nicholas, his Clemency to the Insurgents — M. de Lieven given the Title of Prince — The Coronation of Nicholas — Behaviour of the Grand- Duke Constantine — Illness and Death of the Duke of York — Russian War with Persia — The Duke of Devonshire's Ball at Moscow — Spanish Incursions into Portugal, Despatch of British Troops to the Tagus — Mr. Canning's Speech — Lord Grey's Views on Recent Events in the Peninsula — Lord Liverpool's Illness and Resignation, Mr. Canning Premier — Changes in theXabinet, the New Ministry . ..... i — 44

CHAPTER II. THeJGREEK INSURRECTION

The London Treaty of July — Ibrahim Pasha in Greece — Death of Mr. Canning — The Russian Fleet in Greek Waters — Arrival of Count Capo d'Istria in England— Objects of his Mission— Lord Grey's Opinion of Mr. Canning's Policy— Russian Influence in Greek Affairs— Russian Successes in Persia— Visit to England

Contents

PAGE

of Don Miguel — News of the Battle of Navarino — Lord Grey's Remarks on this Event — His Son present at the Engagement — Princess Lieven's View of the Consequences of Navarino — Prince Metternich's ' Mt/sa//zance ' — The Duke of Brunswick's Challenge to Count Munster — The Results of Navarino— Fall of M. de Vill^le's Administration — Colonel Church's Attack on Scio — Turkish Councils — The Convention of Ackerman declared Null and Void — Austrian Intrigues — Taking of Tabreez by the Russians — George IV.'s Remarks on Navarino — Changes in the Cabinet — Illness of Lady Goderich — Resignation of Lord Goderich — Departure of the Ambassadors from Constantinople — Don Miguel sets out for Portugal — The Duke of Wellington Premier — Lord Grey's Views of the Late Administration — Don Miguel's Usurpation of the Portuguese Crown — The Blow given to Count Villa Real, Anecdote of M. de la Ferronays — English Troops in the Tagus ...... 4S — io8

CHAPTER in.

Chapter IV. The Catholic Question

The Fall of Varna— Lebzeltem and Barbacena— Russia and the Blockade of the Dardanelles— Prince Gustavus and the King of the Netherlands — Brazil and Don Pedro— Details of the Surrender of Varna ; Yussuf Pasha— Small Chances of Peace— The Te Deum at Varna— The New Greek State— The King's Health — The Emperor's Resolutions and the Continuance of the War — His Journey Back to Petersburg— Death of the Empress-Mother ; Details of her Illness — Hopes for Peace — The King's Recovery — Lord Strangford — The Portuguese Refugees at Plymouth — Austria arming — Lord Bingham and Yussuf Pasha — Don Miguel's Accident — The Catholic Question — Lord Grey's Views on the Eastern Question in June, 1823 — His Views at the Present Date — The Holy Alliance — The Siege of Silistria abandoned — The Recent Action of Austria in trying to form a Coalition against Russia — George IV.'s Reception of Donna Maria — The French Ministry — The Murders in Edinburgh — The Duke of Wellington's Letter to Dr. Curtis — The Portuguese Refugees about to sail for Terceira — Prince Metternich — Russian Preparations for the Next Campaign — The Catholic Question and the Duke of Wellington— Windsor Castle— The King's Health- Lord Anglesey's Recall — M. de la Ferronnays — Letter from Lord Ponsonby — The Duke of Northumberland to be Viceroy of Ireland — Queen Donna Maria at Bushy Park — Prince Polignac to be Minister of Foreign Affairs— The Duke of Northumberland and the Catholics— Political Position of Lord Grey ; Madame de Lieven's Advice — Arrival of Count Matuscewitz — Lord Grey's Views of the State of Home Politics, and of the Eastern Question —The Scandal about the Duke of Cumberland— The King's Speech and the Catholic Emancipation Bill— Mr. Peel— Arrival of Lord Grey in London ..... I74 — 244

Chapter V. The End Of The War

Peace Proposals — The Duchess of Cumberland— The Duke of Cumberland and the Government— M. de Fonton's Mission — The Fall of Orsava— The Duke of Cumberland and Lord Grey—

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Sontag — Lord Rosslyn Privy Seal — The Return of the Ambassadors to Constantinople — Russian Advance to Aidos and Selimmo — The Duke of Wellington and Prince Polignac — Buckingham Palace— The King's Reception of the Duchess of Cumberland — Prince Esterhazy — Re-election of Mr. O'Connell for Clare — Prince Polignac's Ministry — March of Paskievitch on Erzeroum — Correspondence between the Duke of Cumberland and Lord Lyndhurst — The Duke of Wellington's Action in regard to the Polignac Ministry — General Mufifling's Mission to the Turks — Weakness of the French Ministry — The Duke of Wellington and the King — Details of M. de Polignac's Attempts at forming a Ministry — The Fall of Erzeroum, and the Passage to the Balkans — The Duke of Wellington's Opinion of Prince Polignac— Occupation of Burgas and Aidos — Constantinople at the Mercy of the Russian Army — Russian Demands — Austria ' Demande Pourboire' — The Battle of Kirk Kilissa — Success of Donna Maria's Troops at Terceira — The King's Speech at Table about Russia — His State of Health — The Russians enter Adrianople — The Boundaries of Greece — The Sultan makes Peace Proposals — Russia and Turkey — Lord Grey's proposed Boundaries for Greece — The Court-Martial and Admiral Codrington — Affairs in France tending to a Revolution — Libels against the Duke of Wellington— Delays on the Part of the Turks — Peace not yet concluded ...... 245 — 300

CH.\PTER YI.

THE PEACE OF ADRIANOPLE.

The Russians occupy Adrianople— The Sultan sues for Peace — Lord Rosslyn as Privy Seal — Lord EUenborough's Divorce — Delays of the Turks ; General Diebitsch's Ultimatum — News from Paris — Report of an Austrian Officer ; a Turkish Army Corps on the Point of surprising the Russians — Diebitsch's Answer to the Ambassadors — The Conferences and the Greek Boundaries — 'Memoirs of Madame du Barry' — The Delays of the Turkish Plenipotentiaries — Lord Grey's Boundary for Greece — Details of the Peace of Adrianople — Lord Grey's Opinion on it — M.Eynard's Article on Greece — The Greek Question and the English Government — Their Dissatisfaction with the Protocol of March 22 — The Russian Occupation of the Principalities — Free Passage of the Dardanelles — Destruction of Giurgevo — Lord Aberdeen and the Protocol of March 22 ; Conversation between him and Madame de Lieven — Lady Conyngham's Illness — Russia and the War Indemnity— Lord Stuart at the Embassy in Paris ; Smuggling Affair — Rumours that Lord Grey is about to

CONTENTS.

join the Government — Princess Lieven's Defence of the Treaty of Peace— The Due de Laval Montmorency— The New Sovereign of Greece — Lord Grey's Views on the Greek Question— The French Government ; Prince Pohgnac — The Turkish Embassy to the Czar and the War Indemnity — The King-'s Dishke of Lord Grey — Lord Aberdeen's View of the Duke's Position — The Turks secretly repudiate the Treaty of Adrianople — The Persian Embassy to the Czar — The Greek Frontiers ; the Sovereign to be King or President? — Mr. Denman — The Duke of Wellington and the King — The Duke of Cumberland and Captain Garth — Affairs in France ; M. La Bourdonnaye — Lady Conyngham's Illness — Lord Grey's Reason for remaining down at Howick — The Pope and Don Miguel — Palmella — The Duke of Cumberland's Illness — M. de Richemont's Pamphlet . . 301 — 372

Chapter VII. The Conferences On Greece

Dangerous Illness of the Czar — The Choice of a Sovereign for Greece • — News from Windsor — Defeat of the Turks near Erzeroum — Dinner at Kensington Palace — Arrangements for the Succession in Russia, in Event of the Czar's Death — Prince Polignac's Answer to Lord Aberdeen's Advice — State of Public Opinion in France ; Hatred of England — Palmella — News of the Czai-'s Recovery — Affairs in France — Lord Grey's View of the State of Political Parties in England ; his Reasons for remaining Inactive— The Article in the Foreign Quarterly Review — The True Account of the Czar's Illness— The Due de Laval's Generous Act ; the Due de Dino's Debts— The Duke of Wellington's Distrust of Madame de Lieven — Christmas-trees at Panshanger — Government Prosecution of the Morning Journal — Forecast for the New Year — The Correspondence between the Princess and Lord Grey gives Umbrage to the Government — The Conferences on Greece — Candidates for the Throne— Prince Leopold —France ; the King's Intention to govern by Ordonnances— Madame la Dauphine— Death of Sir Thomas Lawrence— Madame de Lieven's Memoirs— The Dangerous State of the King's Health — Prince Leopold and the Sovereignty of Greece- Bitterness of Public Feeling in France against England- George IV. refuses Leopold should be named Sovereign ; the King gives Way— Mr. Liddell's Meeting ; the General Distress —The Opposition in Parliament to be led by Lord Melbourne and Lord Palmerston— Rumours of the Recall of Prince Lieven —The Duke of Wellington's Request for his Recall— Lord Aberdeen's Misrepresentation to the King— Success of M. de

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Lieven at the Conference on Greece — Count Capo d'Istria — Death of Queen Charlotte of Portugal— Death of Mr. Tierney — Distress in the Country — Lord Chandos — The Duke of Cumberland and Lady Graves — The Protocol for Settling the Government of Greece — Mr. Brougham and Duke of Cleveland — Lord Howick's Seat for Winchelsea — Members of the Opposition in the Coming Session of Parliament .... 373 — 430

CHAPTER Vin.

PRINCE LEOPOLD AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GREECE.

The Meeting of Parliament — The Debate on the Address — Prince Leopold and the Sovereignty of Greece — Opposition of the English Government — Suicide of Lord Graves ; the Duke of Cumberland — Weakness of the Government— Prince Leopold's Demand for Candia — Lord Holland's Motion on the Affairs of Greece — Lord Grey's Frontiers— Mr. Frankland Lewis and the Treasurership of the Navy — The Duke of Wellington's Remarks on the Russian War— Difficulties of Prince Leopold's Position— The Titnes SLud the Position of Parties— Lord Howick's Speeches —The State of France— Objections of the Ministers to Prince Leopold— The. Duke of Devonshire and the Chamberlainship— Position of M. de Palmella ; his Pecuniary Embarrassments — The Debate on Portugal— Prince Leopold's Acceptance of the Sovereignty of Greece— Lord Melbourne's Speech on Portugal — The Duke of Cumberland's Illness— Details of Prince Leopold's Final Acceptaace — The Czar's Remarks to Count Matuscewitz about Lord Grey— The Treasureship of the Navy — Miss Kemble —Lord Rosslyn and the Privy Seal— The Turkish Ambassadors to the Czar— George IV.'s Aversion to Prince Leopold as Sovereign of Greece— Charles X.'s Speech at the Opening of the Chambers— The French Expedition against Algiers— Lady Canning's Pamphlet— Prince Leopold's Journey to Paris— Illness of George IV.— Prince Leopold's Difficulties— M. de Villele to be Re-appointed Premier— Lord Ellenborough's Divorce, and the Scandalous Reports— The Duke of Buckingham— M. de Palmella's Arrival at Terceira— The Quiet preceding the Storm in France— The Grave State of the King's Health— Lord Grey's Arrival in London • . . . . 4^1 470

CORRESPONDENCE

PRINCESS LIEVEN AND OF EARL GREY.

Chapter I

GEORGE IV. LORD LIVERPOOL PREMIER.

Windsor — Austrian Edict against Lord Holland — Death of Lady Fitzwilliam — Defeat of Turks at Ipsara — Alava — Ferdinand VII. of Spain — Death of Louis XVIII. — ^Lord Grey's Views of Spanish Affairs — Lambton Races, Lady Londonderry and Lady Wilton — Destructive Floods in Petersburg — Changes in the Cabinet, Lord Sidmouth's Resignation — Recognition of the Independence of the South American Colonies — The Commissioners Weather-bound in the Sound — Death of Czar Alexander I. — Proclamation of Constantine as Emperor — His Renunciation of the Crown — Insurrection of the Troops in his Favour — Czar Nicholas, his Clemency to the Insurgents — M. de Lieven given the Title of Prince — The Coronation of Nicholas — Behaviour of the Grand Duke Constantine — Illness and Death of the Duke of York — Russian War with Persia — The Duke of Devonshire's Ball at Moscow — Spanish Incursions into Portugal, Despatch of British Troops to the Tagus — Mr. Canning's Speech — Lord Grey's Views on Recent Events in the Peninsula — Lord Liverpool's Illness and Resignation, Mr. Canning Premier — Changes in the Cabinet, the New Ministry.