History of the Fortieth (Mozart) regiment, New York Volunteers, which was composed of four companies from New York, four companies from Massachusetts and two companies from Pennsylvania

Front matter

aS^itt

Itifnia, New fork

THE JAMES VERNER SCAIFE

CHAPTER I. PAGE Pbepaeinq fob War 1

The Attack on Fort Sumter. — ^Why I Enlisted. — ^A Noted Date. — Public Meeting in Arlington. — Election of OflScers. — Capt. Ingalls Disappointed. — Governor Advises Disbandment. — No Vacancies for Unattaclied Companies.— ^A Note from Grov. Andrew. — Public Meeting in Town Hall. — Departure for Brooklyn. — Good-Byes and Tears. — Portrait and Sketch of Col. Riley.

CHAPTER II. The Struggle fob Service 20

A Sleepless Night. — ^Arrival in New York. — ^The Milford and Newburyport Companies. — How they Originated. — ^The Brooklyn Phalanx a Myth. — The Return to Boston. — Ordered to Fort Warren.— -Captains Confer with Gov. Andrew. — OflBcers Return to New York. — Origin of the Song, " John Brown's Body." — Oflacers Return from New York. — Another Start for New York. — Written Permission from Gov. Andrew. — ^Arrival in Yonkers. — We Join the Mozart Regiment. — ^Portrait and Sketch of Col. Egan.

CHAPTER III. Exciting Expeeiences ; 34

A Few Desertions. — Capt. Westcott Obtains Recruits. — ^Also, » Full Company from Lawrence. — Muster in of the Arlington Company. — Organization of the Regiment. — Election of Field and Staff OjEcers. — List of Line OfiScers. — Portrait and Sketch of Col. Cannon.

Chapter IV

Our First Encampment. — Visit to Sing Sing Prison. — My First Experience as Corporal. — Eulogy of the Massachusetts Companies by Col. Riley. — Our Enfield Rifles Go Astray. — Mozart Banners Reflect Honor Upon Three Great States. — Many Visitors to Camp Wood. — Our First Dress Parade. — Mayor Wood and Family Present. — Mrs. A. T. Stewart Presents Testaments.— First Religious Service. — ^Portrait and Sketch of Col. Graves.

CHAPTER V. En Route for the Front 48

Our First Regimental Drill. — Presentation of Colors. — ^Three Cheers for the Flag. — Presentation to Col. Riley. — We Receive Marching Orders. — Singing of the "Star Spangled Banner." — ^An Impressive Scene. — Breaking Camp and Striking Tents. — First Three Years' Regiment to Leave the State. — ^To Washington in Freight Cars. — ^Arrival in Baltimore. — Muskets Loaded and Bayonets Fixed. — Portrait and Sketch of Chaplain Gilder.

iz

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER VI. PAGB On Dtttt in Vibginia 65

ArriTal in Waahington. — ^Encamped near Meridian Hill. — ^Excellent Ground for Drilling. — ^A Thrilling Incident. — Explosion of an Artillery Caisson. — A New Experience. — Enforcement of Discipline. — ^A Severe Punishment. — Ordered to Alexandria. — Camp McDowell near Shuter's Hill. — ^The Battle of BuU Run. — Guarding the Railroad. — Guard Duty in Alexandria. — Martial Law Proclaimed. — ^Portrait and Sketch of Major Ingalls.

Chapter VII

Aptee Bttij. Run 64

Reorganization of the Army. — First Mozarter Killed for "Running Guard." — ^The Long Roll at Midnight. — Minstrelsy with a Tin Tambourine. — ^The Elephant Columbus. — First United States Uniforms. — Our First Brigade Formation. — ^A Quartette of Famous Colonels. — Our First Picket Duty. — Work in the Trenches. — Gen. McdeUan Compliments the Mozarters. — The Feathered Population Suffers. — Composite Stew for Breakfast. — ^Portrait and Sketch of Col. Lindsey.

CHAPTER Vm.

Learning the Abt op Wak 79

Death of Sergt. Wills on Picket. — Disloyal Newspapers Suppressed. — ^Presbjrterian Church Closed. — A Troublesome Tooth and a Fiendish Apothecary.— Regimental Guard Duty. — Sunday Morning Inspection. — Grand Review by Gen. McCleUan. — First Arrival of the Paymaster. — Huge Camp Fires to Promote Health. — Preparations to Resist a Midnight Attack. — Capture of Rebel Officers by Union Pickets. — New Encampment on Frogal HiU. — Portrait and Sketch of Major Fletcher.

Chapter IX. Mozaetebs At Wobk 85

Camp Sackett. — Drilling Raw Recruits. — ^Private Quackenbush and the Awkward Squad. — ^Ladies at Sunday Services. — ^Imported Rifles Promised to Mozarters. — Practice Drill with Blank Cartridges. — ^An Effort to Transfer the Massachusetts Mep to a Massachusetts Regiment. — Col. Eiley Visits Gen. McCleUan. — Alleged Insubordination. — Massachusetts Soldiers Imprisoned in the Slave Pens. — Brigade Drills by Gen. Sedgwick. — ^First Review of the Division. — Serenade to Gen. Heintzelman. — First Death in • the Regimental Hospital. — Building Corduroy Roads. — ^A Noted Drum Corps. — ^The Skirmish Drill. — Portraits and Sketch of Capt. Westcott.

CHAPTER X. Reviews and Inspections

Grand Review by President Lincoln. — ^Thanksgiving Day in Camp. Our

Regimental Sutler. — An Avaricious Robber. — ^A Cute Retaliation. ^A

View of Rebel Encampments. — ^A Sham Battle. — Wounded with a Blank Cartridge. — Promotions from the Ranks. — Dismissal of Incompetent Officers.— ^An Exciting Episode. — Drummed out of the Regiment. — Soldier Shot for Attempted Desertion.— Portrait and Sketch of Capt. O 'Sullivan.

CONTENTS. xi

CHAPTER XI. PAGB The Mozaet Theathe 109

Capt. Ingalls Originates a Novel Scheme. — Erection of a Log Theatre. — First Used for Religious Services. — Dramatic Performances by Professional Players. — Minstrelsy by Milford and Arlington Amateiirs. — Reconstruction of Tents with Logs and Mud. — Introduction of Small Sheet Iron Stoves. — Contrabands Furnish Amusement. — ^The Fever for Furloughs. — Patrick and his Dying Wife. — ^Picket Duty in Mid-winter. — ^A Call upon Widow Triplett. — Three Days on the Picket Line. — Portraits and Sketch of Capt. Johnson.

CHAPTER Xn.

Disappointed Mozarteks 117

First Death in the Arlington Company. — A Scouting Expedition. — ^Within Sight of Rebel Encampments. — Gov. Morgan Interferes with Promotions. — Col. Riley Powerless to Circumvent him. — Resignation of Lieut. Ballou. — An Inexperienced Stripling from New York. — He Holds a Conunissiou from Gov. Morgan. — Lieut. Gould a Victim of Unjust Discrimination. — ^Mozart Regiment a Stepping-stone to Military Preferment. — Vacancies Filled by Civilians. — ^War Department Finally Orders Promotions from the Ranks. — Many Efficient Officers thus Secured. — Portrait and Sketch of Capt. Warner.

CHAPTER Xin.

HtTNTINQ FOB REBELS 124

Ladies at Camp Sackett. — Celebration of Washington's Birthday. — A Jubilee of Song in the Theatre. — Drilling in the Bayonet Exercise. — Promotion of Gen. Sedgwick. — Succeeded by Gen. Bimey. — A Wandering Knight of the Camera. — Facsimile of his Artistic Pictures. — ^Austrian Rifles in Exchange for Muskets. — ^Target Practice with Improved Arms. — Remarkable Accuracy in Hitting the Target. — Preparations for Breaking Camp. — Delay in Embarking. — Pickets Withdrawn, but Outposts Maintained. — Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Gould.

CHAPTER XIV.

We Find the Enemt 131

Departure from Camp Sackett. — Mozarters on the Steamer "William Kent." — A Scene of Bustle and Activity. — Seasick Soldiers Feed Fishes in Chesapeake Bay. — ^A View of the Famous " Monitor." — We Debark in a Violent Rain Storm. — Huge Camp Fires Lighted. — First Experience with Shelter Tents. — An Unnecessary Hardship. — A Midnight Adventure in our Dogkennel Tent. — Advance up the Peninsula. — Rebel Vandalism. — Foraging for Rabbits and Wild Hogs. — The Army Separated from its Rations. — The Onward March to Yorktown. — ^Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Locke.

CHAPTER XV.

A Month in the Tbenches 136

Mozarters Arrive at Yorktown. — Hungry and Tired and Nothing to Eat. — Foraging for Chickens and Hogs. — Choice Sirloins without Salt. — ^A Search Beyond the Lines for Food. — A Bonanza Discovered. — Coarse Salt and Indian Com in Abundance. — ^The Luxury of Porterhouse Steak and Hulled Com. — First Bombardment by Rebel Shells. — Sharpshooters xu CONTENTS.

Bother the Rebels. — ^Attack upon Our Pickets. — ^We are Ordered to the Front. — Narrow Escape from a Sharpshooter's Bullets. — ^A Berdan Expert Boon Sends the Daring Rebel to Eternity. — ^The Picket Line at Yorktown. — ^A Night Attack. — Gen. Kearny Assigned to our Division. — ^Mozarters First to Enter Rebel Works. — Explosion of a Buried Bomb. — A Forced March in a Heavy Rain Storm. — Hastening to Battle at Double Quick. — We were Needed at Williamsburg and we Arrived in Time. — Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Scammell.

CHAPTER XVI.

Battle op Williamsbubo 145

An Impatient Soldier. — Mozarters Go Into Action. — Gen. Kearny Leads us to the Firing Line. — Death of Private Greenlaw. — Three Hours of Terrible Fighting. — Darkness Ends the Conflict. — ^A Dreary Night without Food, Fires or Water. — Retreat of the Enemy. — A Walk over the Battlefield. — "We Una and You Uns." — Mozarters highly Commended. — Col. Riley's Report of the Battle. — He Insists upon Honorable Mention for the Whole Regiment. — Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Johnson.

CHAPTER XVn.

Battle op Faib Oaks 150

Plodding up the Peninsula. — The Sutler's Paradise. — ^Promotion of Capt. Ingalls to Major. — Col. Riley Injured by His Horse. — ^He Continues on Duty. — Capture of a Rebel Staff Officer. — ^An Attack at Mid-day. — ^Mozarters Rush Into Line. — The Regiment Ordered Forward. — Col. Riley Hora de Combat. — He is Severely Injured. — Every Member of the Color Guard Killed or Wounded. — Lieut. Col. Egan Assumes Command. — Bayonet Charge Puts the Rebels to Flight. — Gen. McCleUan Praises the Mozarters.— ^The Value of Disciplined Troops. — Bimey's Brigade Sustained the Shock. — Rebel Army Retreats. — Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Welch.

CHAPTER XVni.

A Remabkable Fatality 1 5g

Analjrsis of our Color Guard Fatality. — No Other Color Guard Sustained Similar Casualties During the War.— Corp. Breslin Wounded. — Goes Home to Arlington on Furlough. — ^An Enthusiastic Reception. — Cause of the Effective Musketry Fire. — Inspection of the Battlefield. — Rescuing the Wounded. — Origin of the Corps Badge. — Gen. Kearny Orders us to Wear a Red Diamond. — Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Earl.

CHAPTER XIX.

A Needless Sacrifice

An Unfortvmate Episode. — On Guard at the Outpost. — Lieut. Gould Ordered

to Reconnoiter Beyond the Lines. — Two Arlington Volunteers Killed.

Lieut. Gould Presented with a New Sword by his Command. — The Battle of Oak Grove. — An Infantry Engagement to Advance Pickets. — First of the Seven Days' Battles. — Rebels Attack at Mechanics ville. — Our Army Repulsed there and at Gaines' Mills. — Retreat to James River. — Mozarters

Fight by Day and March by Night. — Major Ingalls Fatally Wounded.

Portrait and Sketch of Lieut. Rider.

CONTENTS. xui

CHAPTER XX. PAGE

Glendale and Malvekn Hill 170

A Victory at Glendale. — ^Terrific Cannonade at Malvern Hill. — Seventh Day of Fighting. — A Treasured Souvenir of the Engagement. — Generals Compliment the Mozarters. — ^En Route to Harrison's Landing. — By Steamer to Annapolis Hospital. — A Skirmish at Turkey Bend. — Brigade Casualties During the Retreat. — Mozart Regiment Sustains Greatest Loss. — Praise by Gen. Birney. — Proclamation by Gen. McClellan. — Gen. Kearny's Comradeship.

CHAPTER XXI.

End op the Peninsula Campaign 175

Visit of President Lincoln to Harrison's Landing. — Alarming Report of the Medical Director. — Advises that Troops be Sheltered from Sun and Rain. — Gen. McCleUau Ordered to Withdraw his Army. — ^Arrival at Alexandria. — ^Another Battle at Bull Run. — ^A Bloody Contest at Chantilly. — Death of Gen. Kearny. — Gen. Bimey Assumes Command of the Division. — Mozarters Sustain Greatest Loss. — ^Lieut. Gould Wounded.

CHAPTER XXII.

Along the Monocact 180

Third Corps Ordered to the Defense of Washington. — Encampment near Fort Lyon. — Eighty-seventh New York ConsoUdated with the Mozarters. — Gen. McClellan Resumes Command. — Battles of South Mountain and Antietam. — ^Third Corps Defends Maryland. — A Skirmish at Conrad's Ferry. — Official Report of Col. Egan. — Gen. McCleUan again Relieved. — His Farewell Address. — Gen. Bumside Succeeds Gen. McClellan.

CHAPTER XXni.

At Feedebicksbukg 183

Capt. O 'Sullivan Killed. — Mozart Regiment agsun Sustains Greatest Loss. — Bumside's "Mud March." — Winter Quarters at Falmouth. — Gen. Bumside Resigns. — At the Hospital in Annapolis. — Major Ingalls Receives his Commission. — A Visit to his Bedside. — Unfavorable Symptoms. — Unexpected Death of the Major. — A Trip to Washington. — ^My Duties as MiUtary Storekeeper. — Arrival of Paroled Prisoners. — Their Pitiable Condition.

CHAPTER XXIV.

Battle of Chancellorsville 191

Gen. Hooker Reorganizes the Army. — Gen. Sickles Assigned to Third Corps. — ^At ChanceUorsviUe. — Gen. Jackson Mortally Wounded. — Mozarters Advance Beyond the Line of Battle. — ^A Desperate Fight by Moonlight. — Repulse of the Army and Withdrawal Across the River. — New Mozarters. — ^Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Regiments Transferred to the Fortieth.— Gen. Lee Starts for Pennsylvania. — The Union Army Follows him to Gettysburg. — Resignation of Gen. Hooker. — Gen. Meade Succeeds him.

CHAPTER XXV.

Battle of Getttsbubo 201

Mozarters Proceed to the Front. — In the Devil's Den. — Attacked by Gen. Longstreet. — A Terrific Encoimter. — We Fight at the Peach Orchard, the Wheat Field, and the Valley of Death. — Mozarters Charge and Save a Battery.— Pickett's Charge the Next Day. — Mozarters at the Firing Line. — Losses Greater than any Other Regiment in the Brigade. — Retreat of the Rebel Army. — ^Thousands of their Dead Left Unburied. — Gen. Meade Orders Pursuit. — ^Escape of Gen. Lee.

XIV CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXVI. 'asv

Bbistob and Mine Run Campaigns • • • • 208

Gen. Lee again Assumes the Offensive. — Skirmishes at Auburn and Catlett's Station. — ^We Retire to CentreviUe. — Gen. Lee Abandons his Attempt. — Gen. Sickles Returns to the Army on Crutches. — ^We Cross the Rappahannock.— Gen. Lee Again Retreats Across the Rapidan. — A. Brisk Skirmish at Kelly's Ford. — The Mine Run Disaster. — ^We Encounter the Enemy at Locust Grove. — ^The Campaign Abandoned. — Union Army Occupies its Former Camps. — ^A Winter Picnic. — Re-enlistment of the Mozarters. — Receive a Furlough and go to New York. — Grand Ovation in the Metropolis.— We Return to the Front with Many Recruits.

CHAPTER XXVn.

Gen. Grant Assumes Command 213

He Adopts a Plan of Action. — Reorganizes the Army. — Consolidation to Three Corps. — ^Third Corps Ceases to Exist. — But the Diamond Badge is Retained. — ^An Attack of Small Pox. — Chaplain Gilder Contracts the Disease and Dies. — Resolutions Passed by the Officers. — The Father of a Brilliant Family. — ^Account of His Death.

CHAPTER XXVin.

Address of Gen. Meade to the Army. — ^Across the Rapidan. — Another Forced March. — ^Three Hours of Reckless Attack and Desperate Resistance. — Bivojiac Among the Dead and Wounded. — ^The Battie Renewed. — Rebels Forced Back. — Gen. Longstreet Wounded. — ^Again Asleep with the^ Dead and Dying. — Retreat of Gen. Lee. — Gen. Grant Resumes his March Southward.— Rebels Overtaken at Spottsylvania. — A Sudden Attack. — Across the River Po. — Death of Gen. Sedgwick. — Assault upon Laurel HUl. — ^A Famous Telegram. — ^Advance in the Darkness of Morning. — ^A Hand-to- Hand Encounter. — ^The Rebels Overcome.

CHAPTER XXIX.

North Anna and Coi.d Harbor 221

Another Start Southward. — The Enemy Overtaken. — ^Mozarters Cross the River. — Gen. Grant Chooses Another Route. — ^The Enemy Again Flees. — Overtaken at Cold Harbor. — ^Two Hours of Terrific Fighting. — Along the Chickahominy. — More Impregnable Entrenchments. — From the Chickahominy to the James. — Value of the Flanking Movement. — ^In Front of Petersburg. — Col. Egan Wounded. — Lieut. Schuter Killed. — Mozartera Join in the Final Assault.

CHAPTER XXX.

SiEOE OP Petbrsbubq 226

At the Jerusalem Plank Road. — ^An Attack on the Weldon Railroad. — Arlington Mozarters Complete their Term of Enlistment. — Statistics of the Arlington Company.

CHAPTER XXXI.

Deep Bottom and the Mine 229

Return of Gen. De Trobriaud. — ^A Movement Against Richmond. — ^Mozarters at Strawberry Plains. — ^The Mine Fiasco. — Seventy-fourth Regiment Transferred to the Fortietlj. — ^Another Feint at Deep Bottom. — Mozarters Capture Rebel Artillery.

CONTENTS. XV

CHAPTER XXXn. paod

Mozarters in " Fort Hell." — Night Attack near " Fort Danmation." — Weeks of Dangerous Activity. — Another Flank Attack. — ^The Boydton Plank Road. — Movement Against the Southside Railroad. — ^Attack upon the Second Corps. — Gen. Egan and his Troops Highly Complimented.

CHAPTER XXXm.

Raid to Hicesfobd and Hatcheb's Rttn 237

Retirement of Gen. Hancock. — Farewell Address. — Destruction of the Weldon Railroad. — Two Months of Winter Quiet. — ^A Fierce Engagement. — : The Rebels Defeated. — ^Frequent Skirmishes. — Gen. Mott Wounded.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

Battles abound Petersbubg 242

Gen. Lee Assumes the Offensive. — Gen. Grant Tightens his Grasp. — Rebel Assault upon Fort Steadman. — A Counter Attack by Gen. Meade. — Capture of an Alabama Regiment. — ^Another Flanking Movement. — Union Army Abandons its Encampments. — Four Days of Ceaseless Fighting. — ^A Great Victory.

CHAPTER XXXV.

End op the Rebeluon 247

At Sailor's Creek. — Cannonade against Petersburg. — Flight of Gen. Lee. — Mozarters in Numerous Encounters. — Gen. De Trobriand Gives Them Great Praise. — Surrender of Gen. Ewell and his Corps. — Pursuit of Gen. Lee. — Overtaken near Farmville. — ^The Rebel Army Surrounded. — Surrender of Gen. Lee. — Half Famished Rebels Share our Rations. — "Johnnie Goes Marching Home." — ^Through Richmond to Washington. — Grand Review in the National Capital. — ^Mustered Out and Disbanded.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

Bull Rum to Appomattox 253

Battles and Casualties. — ^How We Escaped Antietam. — Good Service at Conrad's Ferry. — Fate of the "Missing in Action." — ^Are they Among the Unknown Dead? — ^Tabulated Losses in Each Engagement. — Recapitulation of Caaualties.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

Promotions 257

Why Enlisted Men Failed to Advance in Rank. — Civilians Appointed Through Political Favoritism. — Gen. De Trobriand and Gen. Egan Victims of the Unjust System. — Only a Few Mozarters Honored. — Severe Comments by (}en, De Trobriand.

CHAPTER XXXVin.

MozABT Chronicles 260

Incidents and Episodes of Army Life. — ^Native Wit of Sergt. Durgin. — ^The " Rebellion Crushers."— Gen. McClellan Salutes the "Poor Old Soldier."— John Hanna's Blanket. — ^A Mulish Musket. — Who Stole the Major's Pudding?— The Adjutant's Pig. — Comrade King an^ his Captors. — Drummer Lewis and the Forty Thieves.

xvi CONTENTS.

Happenings since the Wab..

CHAPTER XXXEX. "«■ 268

In New York. — ^The Mozart Veteran Association. — ^Picture of the Badge. —

Annual Reunions. — ^The Soldiers' Monument. — Dedication of the Mozart

Monument at Gettysburg. — Oration, Poem and Addresses. — Picture of the

Monument.

In Newburyport. — The Massachusetts Mozart Association. — ^Picture of the

Badge. — First Reunion. — Banquet and Promenade Concert. — Speeches

and Music. — Unique Soldiers' Monument.

In Milford. — ^A Noted Reunion. — ^Parade and Public Exercises. — Speeches

by Col. Riley, Capt. Westcott, and Others. — ^Exciu^on to Providence and

Clam Bake. — ^A Magnificent Memorial Building.

In Arlington. — Picture of Memorial Hall. — Dedication of the Soldiers' Mon-

mnent. — Oration, Parade and Banquet. — The Mozarters Extolled. — ^Poem

by Trowbridge. — Picttu-e of the Monument.

In Lawrence. — Reunion on the Merrimao River. — Shore Dinner at Laurel

Park. — Summer Recreations. — Picture of the Soldiers' Monument. In Philadelphia. — The Pennsylvania Mozart Association. — ^Its Principles

and Membership. — ^Presentation of a Consecrated Flag.

CHAPTER XL.

Chamtable and Patbiotic Societies 275

Grand Army of the RepubUc. — ^Principles and Motto. — The Badge and what it Signifies. — ^The Woman's Relief Corps, and its Objects. — ^Picture of the Badge. — ^The Sons of Veterans. — What they Aim to Achieve. — Fac- 8imile of the Badge.

CHAPTER XLI.

ROSTEB OP THE REGIMENT 281

The Regimental Membership. — Original Muster Rolls. — ^Also Names of those Transferred and the Recruits. — What Each Man Was and What he Did. — Finis.

HISTORY OF THE FORTIETH NEW YORK (MOZART) REGIMENT.

Chapter I. Preparing For War

I TRACE these first lines of my story of the Mozart Regiment exactly forty-five years after my enlistment at the beginning of the great struggle for the preservation of the Union. I am writing on the 19th day of April, 1906, and it was on that date, in 1861, that, for the first time in my life, I visited the quiet town of West Cambridge (now called ArUngton) and there affixed my name to enrollment papers that pledged me to engage in the defense of the nation.

Smarting with indignation at the attack upon Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, by the impetuous hotheads of South Carolina, I was walking on Sudbury Street in Boston, when I was accosted by a fellow townsman and classmate from Maine, named William H. Libbey, who informed me that he had enlisted in West Cambridge (Arlington) and invited me to go there with him. In the existing state of my mind at the time, I needed no urging to accept his invitation and I immediately assented to the proposition.

Arriving in the town, which I shall hereafter speak of as Arlington, we visited the Town Hall, where I was introduced to Capt. Albert S. Ingalls, who had been authorized by the Selectmen of the town to recruit a military company for service in the United States Volunteer Army. He had at that time enrolled about fifty volunteers, and he asserted that he expected the company would be fully recruited in a week, and that it would immediately be assigned to some re^ment and start at once for the seat of war. With such a prospect of immediate service, I did not hesitate to fix my name to the enrollment paper, which read as follows: —

State of j^ssactiusetts.

We whose names are hereto affixed, do severally consent, and by our signatures hereunto made, do agree to be enrolled into a Company of Volunteer Militia to be raised in the Town of West Cambridge (Arlington) and vicinity, subject to the orders of the Commander-in-Chief. And in consideration of arms and equipments to be furnished lis by the Commonwealth, we do hereby agree to serve for the period of three months unless sooner discharged, agreeably to law. And this enlistment we enter into with the full understanding that we are liable at any moment to be ordered into active service under the Government of the United States.

With the exception of my friend Libbey there was no member of the company I had previously met. All were strangers, but that made no difference to me. I was determined to become a soldier, and the prospect

HISTORY OF THE MOZART REGIMENT.

of immediate service was the most alluring consideration that entered my mind.

The attack upon Fort Sumter occurred on Friday, April 12th, and the fort was surrendered on the following day, after a vigorous artillery resistance with a small force numbering less than one hundred soldiers. On the following Monday, April 15th, President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months' service. The first to respond to the call was the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, which was attacked by a mob while passing through Baltimore, on April 19th. Two of our soldiers were killed, and it was while contemplating this cowardly assault and the shedding of Northern blood, that I was accosted by my schoolmate. So it occurred upon this noted day in the annals of both the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, that I decided to engage in the national defense. It was on the 19th day of April, 1775, that, within the limits of Arlington, which was then called Monotomy, and which was a part of the City of Cambridge, the British soldiery, while marching to Concord to destroy the military supplies that had been stored there by the Revolutionary patriots who fired "the shot heard round the world," were attacked by the sturdy minutemen of the town, of whom nine were killed. But not vainly, however, for on that day, within the limits of Arlington, more than two hundred British soldiers were slain. Here was shed the first blood of the Revolutionary War, and it was the blood of Massachusetts men. So, also, on the 19th day of April, 1861, the first blood of our Civil War was shed in the streets of Baltimore, and likewise, it flowed from the veins of the men of Massachusetts.

It is most strange that in both of our wars for national hfe the first blood shed by the enemies of our country should occur on the same day of the year, and be drawn from the sons of Massachusetts. It seems to have been decreed by the Almighty Ruler that in 1861, as in 1775, Massachusetts should sacrifice the first victims upon the altar of Constitutional Liberty. It was with the sharp report of Massachusetts musketry, at the dawn of April 19, 1775, that the "embattled farmers" of Arhngton began the war for independence. And those who were attacked and killed in Baltimore at the dawn of April 19, 1861, were the lineal representatives and sturdy sons of the patriots who, eighty-six ye&TS before, had fought and shed their blood upon the streets of Arlington. It was in the sacred cause of liberty and human rights that our ancestors at Arlington struggled, and it was in the same cause that the soldiers of Massachusetts contended in Baltimore, where, to preserve our liberties and rights our flag was baptized anew with the heroic blood of Massachusetts martyrs' The day is rightly called "Patriots' Day" in Massachusetts, and it is rightly set apart and observed as a legal holiday. It was to this spot, hallowed by the blood of Revolutionary heroes, that I was introduced by my friend Libbey, and it is not to be wondered that I was inspired and fascinated by the associations that hovered over the scene. It was here that I began my service m the cause of my stricken country, and remembering where this Company originated, and the events that gave Arlington distinction and renown, it is not difficult to account for the bravery displayed and the military record achieved by the volunteers who marched forth from Arlington in 1861 to the battlefield under command of Capt. Ingalls.

PREPARING FOR WAR.

On Sunday evening, April 21, 1861, the citizens of Arlington assembled in the Town Hall to take action regarding the conditions which confronted the loyal people of the United States.

Hon. William E. Parmenter presided and submitted the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: —

Resolved, First. That we, the citizens of West Cambridge (Arlington), in obedience to the sacred duty we owe to our country, do pledge ourselves to uphold with all the means which God has given us) the Federal Union, the Constitution, the Laws, and the lawfully constituted Authorities of the Nation.

Second. That with pride and gratitude we applaud the exalted patriotism of those young men of our town, who have been the first among us to enlist as a Military Corps, with the intention of joining their brave companions in arms from this Commonwealth who have already gone to the Post of Duty.

Third. That we request the Selectmen of this Town to call, at the earliest date, a Legal Town Meeting, for the purpose of appropriating the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars to be expended in aid of the families of those soldiers from this town who shall be absent and in service.

Fourth. That a guaranty fund to the amount of Five Thousand Dollars be subscribed by those present against the scarcely possible contingency that the town shall not make the appropriation recommended.

Fifth. That the Selectmen be requested that the proceedings of this meeting be recorded with the Town Records and that the Town Clerk be requested to obtain a complete roll of the Military Company now enlisting in this town, as soon as it is organized, and to transcribe the names of its members upon the Town Records, and to record also, the names of others of our fellow citizens who now are or who may hereafter be in service.

It was also voted that the sum of $5000 be raised for a guaranty fund, and the following named gentlemen immediately subscribed $1000 each : — Addison Gage, Nathan Robbins, John Schouler, Samuel F. Woodbridge, and George C. Russell.

The meeting was eloquently addressed by the president, John Osborn, Hon. John Schouler, Albert S. Ingalls, Nathan Robbins, N. M. Fessenden, Charles 0. Boutelle, Addison Gage, and Rev. George Hill.

In accordance with the above resolve a legal town meeting was called and held on the evening of April 29th and the sum of $10,000 was appropriated for the support of the families of volunteers during their term of service. It was also voted to pay each married volimteer twelve dollars per month for three months after enhstment, and to each unmarried man, six dollars per month.

The generous action of the town in thus providing for the company enthused the members, who were proud to find that they were so highly honored by the citizens of Arlington. There were constant accessions to the company, and no day passed without additional enlistments. Capt. Ingalls was very particular who was enrolled, for he desired his men to be respectable and of good character. He selected those who were robust and seemingly healthy, and he refused to enroll some on account of physical disqualifications. At this time we had no arms, but we had constant drills in marching and company evolutions, and we soon became quite proficient in that branch of military movements. We marched up and down the principal streets with the citizens of the town gathered upon the sidewalks to witness our maneuvers, and they cheered us as we passed or when we executed some difi5cult movement. At times, when we halted for a brief

HISTORY OF THE MOZART REGIMENT.

rest, ice water was brought to us from neighboring residences, and sometimes lemonade was specially prepared for us, and requests were sent to Gapt. Ingalls in advance, for him to halt in front of certain houses for refreshments. In some instances, also, I remember that the very best article of domestic currant or blackberry wine was brought forth in bottles and tapped and poured by the fair matrons and daughters of Arlington.