The childhood of man; a popular account of the lives, customs and thoughts of the primitive races

Front matter

CORNELL

UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

Chapter I. PERSONAL ADORNMENT 21 Figs Page

1-5 African Combs (from the Kassai River) 21

6 A "King" on the West Coast of Africa 22

7 African Chief, Aruwimi River 23

8 Boar's Tusk Ornament (from the Ubanghi, north of

the Congo) 26

9 Leopard's Teeth Ornament of the Balolo, within

the great Congo bend 26

10 Ornament of imitation Leopard-teeth, Sanga

District, Inner Africa 27

11 Necklace, Mongala District, Inner Africa 28

Chapter II. TATTOOING 30 12 Tattooing of the Bahumbi on the Quango 31

13 Tattooing of the Tribe on the Bussera 31

14 Tattooing of the Tribes about the Sources of the

Equatorial rivers 31

15 Tattooing of the Mongo Tribe on the Maringa 32

16 Tattooing of the Mongos on the Maringa 32

17 Tattooing of the Gombe, east of the Equatorial

rivers 32

18 Tattooing of the Sukuru in the Aruwimi District 32

19 Tattooing of the Malema in the Aruwimi District 32

20 Tattooing of the Lokele in the Aruwimi District 32

21 Tattooing, Temple, of the Niumba, Lake Leopold 32

22 Tattooing of the Yalelima on the Lukenye 32

23 Tattooing of the Moliro West of Lake Tanganyika 32

24 Tattooing of the Wemba West of Lake Tanganyika 32 25, 26 Bashilange on the Upper Kassai 33

27 A Maori, Tupai Kupa 35

28 A Maori, Tupai Kupa. After his own drawing 35

29 A Maori 36

30 Tattooing of the Marquesas Islanders 37

31 Block for painting the body: Dayaks of Borneo 38

Page

Chapter III. TESTS OF MANHOOD 39 Figs Page

32, 33 Two Boxes of the Mangbattus, Welle-Ubanghi

Region 40

34-41 Ceremonies among the Aborigines of Australia 44-50

42 Gobu-Bubu of the Ubanghi West of Mokoangay

with simple labret 51

43 Gobu-Bobu with labrets in the upper and lower lips 51

44 Tattooing and Tooth-filing of the Zakaras on the

Ubanghi 52

45 Enlargement of the Ear-lobe and Tooth-filing of the

Natives at the Bend of the Ubanghi 52

46 Tattooing and Tooth-filing of the Bakuba between

the Zankurn and Kassai rivers 52

47 The "Pelele," that is, the labret or ivory disk of

Rubi, north of the Congo 53

48 A born Wahoko woman, naturalized Wawira wife 54

Chapter IV. ORIGIN OF LABOUR 56

49 A New Pomeranian with Dewarra Collar 57 50-52 A Kinakinau, a thief amulet, New Pomerania 59

53 Chain of iron beads: money in Yimbagere 60

Chapter V. DRESS-LANGUAGE 65 54 Conclusion of a Treaty, or production of the Wam

pum amongst the North American Indians 66

55 Wampum, name of a Chief 67

56 Old-time Wampum 68 57-60 Feather Signs of the Hidatsas 69 61-64 Feather-signs of the Dakotas 69 65, 66 Marks of honour on garments 70

Chapter VI. SIGN AND GESTURE LANGUAGE 71 67 Finger-post for Hunters, Alaska 71

68 Post indicating the way for people arriving: Abnaki

Indians 71

69-71 Posts indicating the direction taken by people

departing: Abnaki Indians 72-73

72-77 Gesture language among the Hidatsa Indians 74-76

78 Question: Who are you? Answer: Pani 77

Chapter VII. THE DRUM-LANGUAGE 80 79 Tree-stem split open, and hollowed out as a kettle

drum, New Hebrides 82

80 A Fijian beating the signal-drum 83

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81 Signal-drum of the New Pomeranians, with drum-

stick 83

82 New Pomeranian signal-drum 84

83 Signal-drum of the Balubu, South-East Congoland 84

84 A Dualla conversing with the signal-drum, Kamerun 85

85 A band of music in Urua, South-East Congo Basin 86

86 Bow of the Madi Tribe on Ubanghi, with canestring

and little signal-drum 87

87 The little signal-drum of the Madi Bow 88

88 Little signal-drum of a bow of the Sango Tribe on

the Ubanghi 88

89 Bamboo drum with wooden stick, from Sumbawa,

Eastern Archipelago 89

90 A suspended Village Bell, an old signal-drum,

Northern Philippines 90

91 Signal-drum and drum-sticks of Dayaks of Borneo 91

92 Signal-drum of Java 91

93 Signal-drum of the Harvey Islands 91

94 Signal-drums, slit tree-stems of the New Hebrides 92

95 New Zealand war-drum 92

96 Teponatzli of the Ancient Mexicans 93

Chapter VIII. DRUMS AND DRUM-DANCES 95 97 Somali drum 95

98 Clay drum from Fez, Morocco 95

99 Drum made of a pot, Lake Tumba, south of the Congo 96

100 Drum made of an ornamental goblet, Lukenye

River 96

101 Large drum from Tahiti 97

102 Drum of the Dayaks, Borneo 97

103 Drummer on the Loango Coast 98

104 Corroboree. Nocturnal festive dance of the Queens-

land Natives 101

Chapter IX. PICTURE-WRITING & DECORA- TION 103 105-115 Life History of Running Antelope 104-109

116-126 "Winter-Count" of Lone Dog 110-112

127-129 Represent Treaties of Peace 113

130, 131 Symbols of Peace 113 132-150 Picture writing of the North American

Indians 114-115

Chapter X. ANIMAL STORIES OF THE BUSH- MEN 118 151-163 Bushman drawings 118-135

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Chapter XI. A FUNERAL IN INNER AFRICA 138 Figs Page

164 Corpse on the platform. Method of burial in South-

East New Guinea 139

165 Exposure of the dead in Australia 141

166 Drying or mummifying of bodies in Australia 143

167 Body exposed in a boat as a coffin, North- West

America 145

168 Burial in a hollow tree, East Africa 147

169 Cremation scene of the Rucuyenne Caribs, French

Guiana 149

Chapter XII. THE GHOST 154 170 Feeding the departed (offerings to the dead)

American Indians 157

171 Feast of the dead, Rucuyenne Caribs, French

Guiana 159

Chapter XIII. SKULL-WORSHIP AND HEAD- HUNTING 164

172 Mummy of Darnley Island in Torres Straits 165 173,174 Sepulchral hut containing the skull of a chief

from the Solomon Islands 166

175 A Mundruku of South America (Middle Amazons)

with a mummified head 167

176 Mummified head of a Jivaro Indian, South America 168

177 Skull deity of the Ibo people on the Lower Niger 169

178 Chinese head captured and decorated with a sweet

potato in its mouth, Formosa 169

179 Trumpet made of a skull; a trophy of the Brazilian

natives 170

180, 181 Skull masks from New Pomerania 171

182 Execution of slaves or prisoners of war on the

Middle Congo 172

183 Drum with skulls from the Togoland 173

184 Trumpet with human lower jaws from Togoland

Slave Coast 174

185 Trestle with human skulls trophy in Bunkeya

region of the Congo sources 174

186 Skull dancing-place of the Tagalas in the Northern

Philippines 175

187 Iroquois with scalps returning from a warlike

expedition 176

Chapter XIV. ANCESTOR-WORSHIP AND FETISHISM 178

188 Ancestral effigy of the Baluba 179

189 Ancestral effigy of the Bakundu 179

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190 Ancestral effigy of the Bakundu with figures

reversed 179

191 Carved work of the Bakundu 181

192 Ancestral effigy from New Guinea 181

193 Roof prop with human figures, Loango Coast 183

194 Wooden image from Kuillu 184

195 Fetish from the Gold Coast 186

196 A supposed fetish pick-axe 187

197 Supposed "fetish-comb," Kwango district 187

198 Supposed "fetish-pipe," Bollokoro 188

199 "Gratte pour fetiche" from the Kassai region 188

200 "Fetish drink," Cassa ordeal in the Angola back-

woods 191

Chapter XV. SECRET SOCIETIES AND MASKS 198 201 Member of the Tamate Club, Banks Islands 199

202 A Masked Person, Aurora Island, Melanesia 200

203 A Masked Person, New Caledonia 201

204 Masked Losango People at the burial feast of the

Nkosi in Kamerun 202

205 Large Tortoise-shell Mask from Darnley Island,

Torres Straits 204

206 Mask of the Purrah 206

207 Mask made of pieces of bark : Torres Straits 210

208 Mask of palm bast, from Florida, Solomon Islands 211

209 Tortoise-shell Mask from Torres Straits 212

210 Feather Mask, mounted in reed frame, Hawaii 214

211 Hewa Masking, Tahiti 218

212 Mukish, Masked Mendicant, or Expeller of Spirits,

Angola 220

213-215 Dancing Mukish 223

Chapter XVI. THE MlDE 226 216 A Member of the Mide "practising" 227

217 The Entrance House, or Midiwigan 230

218 Ground Plan of the Midiwigan 231

219 Listen, the Spirit wishes to speak to us 237

220 Let me enter the sacred camp 238

221 / seize the remedy which imparts life to me 238

222 To thee I mean to give the remedy, and a hut besides! 238

223 I fly to my camp 238

224 The Spirit lets the remedy trickle down from heaven

that we may collect it 238

225 / hold the remedy in my heart 238

Chapter XVII. SACRED ANIMALS 240 226 Tortoise-shell Mask from Jervis, Torres Straits 241

227 Tortoise-shell Mask from Hama, Torres Straits 242

228 Tortoise-shell Mask from Hama, seen from above 243

229 Melanesian Sea-god 244

230 Mask from New Mecklenburg 245

231 Mask from New Pomerania 246

232 Ancestral Effigy from New Mecklenburg 248

233 Body of a North- West American Chief laid out

with the whole paraphernalia of his totemistic system, masks, hats, clothes, etc. 250

234 Totemistic Play 251

235 Model of a Batta Coffin, Sumatra 252

236 Knyalon, a Dayak carving, Borneo 253

237 Kamerun Figure-head 253

238 Decorative Panel from New Mecklenburg 254

239 Figure-head of a New Zealand Boat 254

240 Figure-head of a Boat from the Marquesas Islands 255

241 Dance-rattle of the North-West Americans 255

255 A small Shango Temple 293

256 Effigy of Shango : Badagri, West Africa 295

Chapter XXI. ON THE PATH OF THE SUN 297 257 Archery of the Aetas, Negritos, shooting from

the boat at the fish in the water 298

258 Archery of the Aetas, Philippines, shooting

from the boat at the fish in the water 301

259 Archery of the Aetas, Philippines, shooting at

birds in the trees 303

260 A Brazilian Woman shooting with the bow in

the air 305

261 A Weddah shooting with a bow: Ceylon 307

262 A Bororo shooting with a bow: Brazil 309

263 An Aeta shooting with a bow 311

264 Bow-shooting in Bogajim, New Guinea 313

265 An Aeta Archer, Philippines 315

266 A Weddah Archer, Ceylon 317

267 A Seri Archer, Central America 319

268 A Bororo Archer, Brazil 321

269 A Khimila Archer, North Columbia 323

270 East African Archer 325

Chapter XXII. MANKIND ON THE PATH OF THE SUN 330

271 Bow-shooting, on a bronze plate from Benin,

West Africa 331

272 North-West African Monument to the Dead 333

273 The Juju N'Kali Feast 339

274 The Solar Pole with two dancers 343

275 A Dakota at the Sun-dance, a buffalo's skull

on his back 344

276 A Dakota at the Sun-dance between four stakes 345

277 A Dakota hoisted up at the Solar Stake 346

278 The Man in the Moon 347

Chapter XXIII. THE CUNNING SPIDER 349 279 Prayer to the Rising Sun; Pueblo Indians

North America 353

280 Iroquois display of thanks towards the Great Spirit 359

281 The Juju N'Kali 371

Chapter XXIV. ORIGIN OF THE WORLD, FALL OF THE SKY, THE FLOOD 373

282 Warrior of the Molucca Islands, with wooden

shield 375

283 Dayak with widened wooden shield, Borneo 377

284 Warrior of Wetter Island, Banda Sea 379

285 Archer, Aru Islands, South-West of New Guinea,

with bow shield 381

286 Warriors with bow shield, Angriffshafen, Ger-

man New Guinea • 383

Chapter XXV. THE THEFT OF FIRE 386 287 Warrior of Alor Island, Banda Sea 389

288 Warrior of Letti Island, Banda Sea 391

289 Warrior with Asiatic Shield, Solor Island

Banda Sea 393

290 Warrior of Solor Island ; back view of 289 395

291 Dancer with dancing shield, Hawaii 399

Chapter XXVI. FIRE WORSHIP 400 292 The Messengers, Akaninili 401

293 The First Fire-dance after Sunset 403

294 The Dancer holds the large feathered arrow

high up 404

295 The Dancer Swallows the Arrow 404

296 The Last Fire-dance before Sunrise 405

297 The Brushwood Enclosure at Sunrise opened

to the four quarters 407

298 Picture of the Sun on a Clay Vessel of the Pueblos 409

Chapter XXVII. THE DISCOVERY OF FIRE 410 299 Firestick from New Holland 411

300 Firestick from the East Indian Archipelago 411

301 Two Barotse Fire-drilling, South Central Africa 412

302 A Chimila of North Columbia Fire-drilling 413

303 Fire-driller, North-East Australia 414

304 Fire-driller, South-East Australia 414

305 Fire-drilling, West Madagascar 415

306 Drill-borer, British New Guinea 416

307 Fire Implement, West Malaysia 416

308 Bamboo Fire Implement, Malaysia 416

309 Implement for making fire by friction, Polynesia 416

310 Fire-maker in New South Wales 417

311 The Fire-rubbing Instrument of 310, showing

the direction of the movement 418

312 Fire by Friction, New South Wales 419 313, 314 Fire Implements, South-East New Guinea 420

Chapter XXVIII. THE STONE AGE 422 315 A Pile Village on the South Coast of British

New Guinea 423

316 A Brazilian Woman polishing a bow 426

317 A South American rubbing a bow smooth with

the help of an animal's skull 426

318 House-building in Samoa 427

319 War Fleet, Tahiti 429 320-328 A Shell-ring Maker and his Implements 433

329 Stone Axe, West Australia 434

330 Stone Axe, East Australia 434

331 Stone Hammer, Borneo 434

332 Iron Hammer, Katanga, Congo Headwater 434

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333 Religious Instrument, Bubi Tribe, Fernando Po 434

334 Stone Axe, Entrecasteaux Islands 435

335 Stone Axe, Tahiti 435

336 Stone Axe Blade, Polynesia 435

337 Axe for Boat-building, Congo 435

338 Stone Axe, East German New Guinea 435

339 Typical Stone Axe, East New Guinea 435

340 Stone Axe, South British New Guinea 436

341 Stone Axe, from North-West Dutch New Guinea 436

342 Stone Axe, from New Caledonia 436

Chapter XXIX. THE IRON AGE 438 343 Blast furnace, Moliro, South-East Congoland 439

344 Smithery, Katanga, South-East Congoland 440

345 Blacksmith's workshop, Bassonge Tribe 441

346 Double bellows, Lubenye District 442

347 Knife-blade as money 442 348-351 Unworked arrow-heads as money, Lakembe in

Ubanghi District 443

352 Iron money of the Banza People 443 353-355 Iron money; tribes west of the Ubanghi, Congo

Confluence 444

356-359. Iron money, Middle Ubanghi 444

360 Iron money of a Mangbattu tribe 445

361 Chiefs of the Lomami River, with "money" 445

362 Iron money, Lomami district 446

363 Iron money, spearhead of the Mobali tribe 446

364 Iron money, Ughirri district 446 365, 366 Iron money of the Bolongole tribe 447 367-371 Show money of the Bolongole tribe 448 372 Copper money, Mobanghi district 449 373-376 Copper rings used as money, Ubanghi district 449

377 Copper money dedicated to the Sun, Katanga

district, Congoland 449

378 "Mitako," the commercial form of brass in

Congoland 449

379-380 Brass rings, a new money on the Ubanghi 451

Chapter XXX. EARLY HISTORY OF WAR 453 381-388 Battle-axes of the Bassinge tribe, South

Congoland 455

389 Borboby Gathering in Queensland 461

390 Barotse fighting with sticks 465

391 A champion, Molucca Islands 468

Chapter XXXI. CANNIBALS 470 392 Fork for human flesh, Fiji 471

393 Fork for human flesh, Mobati tribe 471

394 Chain of human teeth with fork for human flesh,

Mongola River 473

395 A Congo man-eater 474

396 Skull of the devoured man-eater Si Gallak 475

397 Si Gallak's hand 475

398 Mona Kakesa's ancestor 479