Conquests of the Cross : a record of missionary work throughout the world

Front matter

Htljars, SJew ^atk

CHARLES WILLIAM WASON

COLLECTION

Preface

As the design and scope of the present work are fully set forth in the Introductory Chapter, it is only necessary in this place to gratefully acknowledge the kindness of Secretaries and Managers of various Missionary and other Societies, who have rendered the most willing and efficient service by placing at my disposal the reports and publications of their respective Societies, and other valuable material.

I have also largely availed myself of whatever information I could collect from writers of all times and countries on the subjects under review, and especially from the Biographies of men who have lived, laboured, and died on this great Harvest Field.

In the preparation of these pages I have been assisted by gentlemen having special knowledge of certain countries, and of the missionary work carried on in them. My hearty acknowledgments are due to Dr. Faulds, author of " Xine Years in Xipon," for some chapters on "China;" to the Rev. R. Ethol Welsh, for "Japan;" and to the Rev. James Stuart, Mr. T. F. Ball, Mr. J. A. J. Housden, Mr. E. A. Martin, and others, for assistance in various departments of the Work.

In order to make Conquests of the Cross valuable as a work of reference for ministers, teachers, and students, a copious index and classification^ of the subjects dealt with will be found at the end of the work.

EDWIN HODDER.

Contents

PAGE

INTRODUCTION 1

I.— EARLY MISSIONS IN INDIA.

Chapter I. Ziegenbalq And The Fihst Protestant Mission

Dr. Lutkens Originates the First Protestant Mission in India— Early History of Ziegenbalg—Pliitsohau— Their Arrival in India— Friendless Condition— Learning the Language— Ziegenhalg Translates the Scriptures— Public Preaching — Opposition from the Brahmins— More formidable Opposition from the Danish Governor— Ziegenbalg Arrested — Release and Retm?n of Pltitschau to Denmark- The King Sides with the Missionaries— Death of Dr. Lutkens— Ziegenbalg's Illness and Return to Denmark— His Marriage— Sympathy with the Mission in England— Return to India, and Death in 1719 . .40

CHAPTER n.

CHRISTIAN PRIEDEICH SCHWARTZ AND THE TANJOBE MISSION.

Birth and Parentage of Schwartz— Influence upon him of Francke and Sohliltze— Ordination, Visit to England, and Departure for Tranquebar— Marvellous Gift of Learning Languages— Instances— After Sixteen Years at Tranquebar Schwartz Leaves for Trichinopoly— Meets the Rajah of Tanjore — Appointed Ambassador to Hyder Ali— Influence and Power of Schwartz's Character— A Free Passage Everywhere for the Missionary— The Rajah Serfojee— Illness and Death— Serfojee's Monument and Epitaph in Enghsh upon his Spiritual "Father". . . 50

II.— IN DANISH NOETH AMERICA.

CHAPTER in.

HANS EGEDE AND GREENLAND.

Hans Egede— A Strange old Chronicle of Early Colonists in Greenland— A Lost People— Egede's Project— Opposition from Wife and People— How the Opposition was Overcome- Appeal'to the King of Denmark— Long Disappointments —At Last Hans Egede Sails for Greenland— No Sign of the Colonists— The Eskimos— Hardships and Difiiculties— Left Alone— Egede a Poor Teacher— Introduction of Small-pox into Greenland and Terrible Results— The People's Hearts Softened by Calamity— Egede Prostrated by the Loss of his Wife— Returns to Denmark— Death in 1758 . 60

CHAPTER IV.

THE MORAVIANS IN GREENLAND.

Origin and Growth of the Moravian Brethren— They Early Commence Mission Work in the West Indies— Stach and Boehnlsch— Stach and Two Companions Start for Greenland without Pund!s— Religious Discord between the Moravians and Egede — The Breach Healed by Common Service in Calamity— Fresh Arrivals of Moravians— Stach, Boehnisch, and John Beck— On the Verge of Starvation— The Work of a Little Child— At last John Beck hears Kayarnak ask the Way of Salvation— Character of the First Greenland Convert— A New Era in the Mission —The Missionaries Learn from Kayarnak What to Preach- Change in the Greenland Eskimos— Terrible Privations—New Settlements— Death of the ApostoUc Trio, and their Character— All Greenland now Christian— Greenland at the Present Day— Depopulation of the Country 73

III.— CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTH AFRICA.

CHAPTER V.

GEORGE SCHMIDT, THE ArOSTLE OP THE HOTTENTOTS.

Early Trials and Persecutions of Schmidt— The Dutch Colony of Cape Town— Its Political Vicissitudes— Indifference of the Dutch to the Welfare of the Natives- Schmidt's Early Preaching— Character and Personal Appearance of the Hottentots— Indignation of the Boers at Schmidt's Labours— His Return to Europe, and Death— Second Moravian Mission to the Hottentots— Renewed Opposition of the Boers— Final Success of the Mission under British Supremacy — Difficulties from Wild Animals— Spread of Moravian Missions in South Africa .... 98

CHAPTER VI.

IN KAFFRARIA, GRIQUALAND, AND NAMAQUALAND.

Bereavement and Conversion of Dr. Vanderkemp— His Mission to the Kafllrs under the London Missionary Society- He also Suft'ers from the Hostility of the Boers- Obliged to Abandon Kaffraria and Labour amongst, the Hottentots—Final Success and Death— The London Missionary Society send out Mr. Campbell— His Tour of Inspection- Visits Bethelsdorp— His Journey in the Wilds of Griqualand— The Bushmen— Lattakoo and King Mateebe— Trying to Change the Ethiopian's Skin— Commencement of Wesleyan Missions— Mr. and Mrs. Shaw— Teaching the Natives the Use of Tools— A Plough equal to Ten Wives— Namaqualand— The Work at Lily Fountain-- Murder of Mr. Threlfall and his Companions— Abandonment for the present of Namaqualand 110

VIU COi^TKNTS.

IV.— THE GOSPEL IX CHINA.

CHAPTER Vn.

SCENES IN THE EA&LIER LIFE OP ROBERT MORRISON. p^

Discovery ot Christian Scriptures in Chinese— Birth and Parentage of Robert Morrison— His Education— Appointnient to the Chinese Mission— Total Ignorance of the Language at that date— Morrison Studies it in London— Curious Incident Illustrating the Reverence ot the Chinese for Written Words— Voyage to China— Early hardships and Lifficulties from the Exclusiveness ot the People— Morrison's Narrowness of Judgment arising from Ignorance -Tea-Difflculties ot the Chinese Language-Curious Customs of the People-Morrison removes to Macao— Marriage— Learning the Language a Crime -Important Official Services- The Kotow— Affair of the Tojaaze, and Flagrant Official Murders of British and American Subjects

CHAPTER Vin.

THE BIBLE IS TRANSLATED AND CIRCULATED.

Arrival of Mr. Milne-Canton and its River Life— Translation of the Bible into Chinese Completed— Character of the Chinese Language— Difficulties of its Ideographic Character— Impossibility of Writing down exactly what a Chinaman says— Poverty of Words and Consequent Difficulty of Tones— Dr. Morrison saves a Chinese from Unjust Execution— Arrival of Mr. Bridgman from America— Chinese Secret Societies— Extensive Distribution of Books and Tracts, and subsequent Condemnation of it— Reasons for a Different View— Christian Origin of the Taiping RebeUion— Death of Milne and Morrison— American Chinese Version of the Scriptures- Mr. Lowrie Slain by Pirates 1^^

v.— THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDS.

CHAPTER IX.

HOW THE MISSIONS BEGAN.

South Sea JVIissions First Suggested by the Countess of Huntingdon— London Missionary Society Founded— Purchase of the Duf—K Large Mission Colony— Landing and Early Success of the Mission at Tahiti— Hasty and Fickle Enthusiasm at Home— Second Voyage of the Duff and its Disastrous Issue— Misfortunes at Tahiti and Return of the greater Number ot the Missionaries— Lamentable Cases of Apostasy amongst the Remainder — Success of Those who Persevered— Early Life ot John WiUiams— Marriage and Dedication to Missionary Work— Early Work at Raiatea— The People Civilised and Reformed- Voyage to Sydney— Rarotonga— Sets to Work to Build a Vessel with his own Hands— The Messenger of Peace— Tier Trial Trip and its Perils 1(58

CHAPTER X.

THE VOYAGES OP JOHN WILLIAMS.

IMr. and Mrs. Buzacott arrive at Rarotonga— The Work that had been Done— Williams Starts upon his Voyage — How a poor crippled Heathen Learnt the Truth- The Question ot "Meats" in the South Seas — The Messenger of Peace nearly Lost— Sixth Escape of Williams from a Watery Grave — Visits Mauke, Mitiaro, and Aitutaki— The Work mainly Accomplished by Native Teachers- An old Chief at Savage Island— Makes a Friendly Arrangement vrith the Wesleyan Missionaries— The Samoan Islands- Recent Progress There— The Voyage Ends at Raiatea— Williams Returns to Rarotonga— A South Sea Hurricane and its Effects— The Messenger of Peace Carried Inland by the Storm— Further Voyages to Tahiti and the Samoan Islands— Williams's Return to England in 1834— Enthusiasm at Home — Another Mission Ship Purchased — Re- visits the Samoas, Raiatea, Rarotonga — Leaves the Samoans for his Last Voyage to the New Hebrides -Erromanga— The Last Tragedy There -Effects of the Sad Tidings 183

VI.— ly THE FAR EAST.

CHAPTER XL

TARTART, TIBET, AND MONGOLIA.

In Search of the Tschecks— The Kalmuc Tartars — Lamaisin— Praying-wheels— Expedition of Schill, Loos, and Dehm

Circulation of the Scriptures— Lahoul— The Kyelang Mission Station— Pagell and Heide— In the Lamasseries— Hernis— Funeral Ceremonies— Influence of the Lamas— The Kushogs— Leh, the Chief Town of Ladak— Adventures of Mr. and Mrs. Redslob— Among the Mongols— Fanaticism-Wonderful Things in Wu T'ai 202

VII.— MISSIONS IX INDIA.

CHAPTER Xn.

EARLY LABOURS OP CAREY.

Boyhood of Carey- His Early Studies— Cobbler and Schoolmaster— Baptist Minister at Moulton—" Expect Great Things ; attempt Great Things "—Messrs. Grant and Thomas— Carey Sails for India— Studies BengaU— Family Troubles— In the Sunderbunds— Translation of the New Testament— Five Years at Mudnabatty— Purchases an Indigo Planting Farm— Establishment of the Serampore Mission 22-.)

CHAPTER XIII.

CAREY, MARSHMAN, AND WARD.

V/ard, the "Serious Printer "-Marshman's Early Career— Arrival at Serampore— The "Canterbury of Northern India"— The Institution of Caste, and how it was dealt with— Krishnu, a Convert— Fort William College— The Festival of Juggernaut— Sutteeism and its Prohibition— The Fair ot Ganga Saugur- Helps and Hindrances— Poor Mrs. Carey- A Disastrous Fire -Cholera and Fever— The Parting of the Three 21C

CONTENTS. IX

VIII.— WITH THE RED INDIANS.

CHAPTER XIV.

JOHl)* ELIOT AND THE INDIANS OF NEW ENGLAND.

FAG£

Spanish Supremacy— Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Hichard Grenville— Religion of the Red Indians— Sir Walter Raleigh— Little Baddow, in Essex -Eliot Sails for Boston— Among the Iroquois— The "Praying Indians"— The Curse of Drinlc— Formation of Indian Settlements— Converts— Martha's Vineyard -Major Gooliin— Whites and Reds— Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians ... .... 265

CHAPTER XV.

DAVID BRAINERD.

A Scene at Yale College— Early Life of Brainerd— His Melancholy Temperament— The Indians at Kanaumeek— Seasons of Depression— Self-denial- At the Forks of the Delaware— Introspeotion—A Revival at Crossweeksung— A School Opened— On the Banks of the Susquehaunah— The Coming of the Lord's Chariot 282

IX.— IN THE WEST INDIES.

CHAPTER XVI.

SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE.

Description of the West Indies— Sargasso or Gulf-weed— The Ladies' Sea— The Caribs— A Carib Story— Culture of the Sugar-cane— The Labour Market— Horrors of the Slave Trade— Facts concerning Slavery— Character of the Slaves— The Jumby Dance 289

CHAPTER XVII.

THE PLOUGH BREAKS GROUND.

Columbus, First Missionary to the West Indies— Colonisation and Christianity— John Leonhard Doher and David Nltschmanu — A Scene at the Coronation of Christian VI.— Adventures of First Missionaries- Frederick Martin —Religious Movement among the Negroes— Persecution of the Moravians— A Dutch Ecclesiastic— Troubles of Frederick Martin— Arrival of Count Zinzendorf in St. Thomas 299

X.— SOUTH AFRICA.

CHAPTER XVIH.

ROBERT MOFFAT.

In Westminster Abbey— Early Life— Spiritual History — Gifers Services to London Missionary Society— Mary Smith—

" Sails for Cape Town— A Practical Sermon— Africaner, the Bonaparte of South Africa— Marriage— The Sechuana

Language— Life at Lattakoo— Perils from, the Heathen and from Wild Beasts— The Mantatees— A Tribal War—

—Translation of Scriptures— Visits to England— Adventure of Miss Moffat- Founding New Missions— Secheie,

Chief of the Bakwains— Closing Years ... 310

Chapter xix.

' DAVID LIVINGSTONE AND THE BECHUANAS.

A Death-bed Precept— The Blantyre Cotton Worlis— Frugality and Study— Sails for South Africa— Among the Bakwains —Methods with the Natives— At Lepelole and Mabotsa— Adventure with a Lion— Married to Mary Moffat- At Chonuane— Sechae, Chief of the Bakwains— Bain-doctors and Drought— Settles at Kolobeng— Coniliots with the Boers— The Bushmen— Discovers Lake N'gami— Sebituane, Chief of the Makololo— Bent on Discovery . . .329

XI.— NORTH AMERICA.

CHAPTER XX.

MISSIONARY LIFE AND ADVENTURE IN LABRADOR.

John Christian Erhardt^Nisbet Bay-Murdered by the Savages-Jens Haven, Carpenter- Set Apart for Work- Arrival of the Missionary Ship -Perils in the Sea-Okak-Last Days of Jens Haven-LleblscK and Turner-The Eskimo Dog— A Terrible Adventure on the Ice-Saved from the Flood-Hopedale Mission-The Labrador of To-day 34S

CHAPTER XXL

THE LABRADOR MISSIONARY SHIPS.

Wonderful Preservation of the Missionary Ships— The Jersey PacJcet— The Amity— The Good /nfent- Protected by British Proclamation— Receive Safe-Conduct from France— Letter from Benjamin Franklin— Strange Deliverance from Capture of the BesoluHon—PeTilB of the Jemima as Related by a Missionary— The Harmony . . . . 36S

XII.— THE GOSPEL IN CHINA.

CHAPTER XXII.

MEDICAL MISSIONS.

Chinese Gratitude— Dr. Hobson and his Works— Chinese Ideas of Anatomy— Dr. Peter Parker— Hospitals in China^ Work in Amoy—Ningpo— Surgical Operations— SeU-mutilation— Leprosy— Mesmerism— Faith-heaUng— Opium and

Tobacco- The Opium Trade 371

CHAPTER XXIIL OPENING OF THE COUNTRY.

Adventures in China— Charles Gutzlaff— Travels in the Interior— Description of China— The YeUow River— Dr. Medhurst-Origin of the Opium War— incidents in the Opium War— Present Position of Opium Question— The Treaty Ports— Manohtu'ia-Formosa 387

CONTEXTS.

XIII.— THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

CHAPTER XXIV.

IN THE DAYS OF DARKNESS. page

Then and Now-The Hawaiian GJods-VoIcanoes and Earthquakes-The Goddej Pel^" House of the Eyerlastrng Burnings "--A High-priest of Pele-System of ra6«-Sorcerers-Cities of Eefuge-Captam Cook-United Hawaii -Kamehameha I. and his Son-Destruction of the Idols-Advent of American Miasionaries-A New Order of Things— British Consuls— Early Converts— A Heroic Deed- The Day-dawn ... . ...

CHAPTER XXV.

FLOOD OF LIGHT.

Prevalence i2S

A Great ReUgious Revival-The Rev. Titns Coan-Impressive Scenes-French and Bntish Interference-PrevalMice of Drunkenness-Mr. Laplace-Temporary Cession of Islands to Great Britain-Independence of Islands Pro claimed-Decrease of Population-Bishopric of Honolulu-Schools and Education-Leprosy-Father Daraien- Bishop Willis— Hawau of To-day— Doomed to Decay

XIT.— WITH THE RED INDIANS.

CHAPTER XXVI.

DAVID ZEISBERGEB.

Oglethorpe-s American Colony-Wesley's Visit to it-Moravian Colonists-Their Objection to Warfare and Retirement from the Colony-David Zeishei^er-First Indian Church at Shekomeko-Persecution from the White Settlers -Indians Expelled from Shekomeko, and Settle at Gnadenhutten, in Pennsylvama-H&ssion to the Iroauois-- Increased Jealousy of the Whites-Aggravated by Rivaky between French and EngUsh-Gnadenhutten Destroyed by Heathen Indians-Subsequent Settlements of Christian Indians Destroyed by the Whites-Indians Protected by the Quakers-New Settlement at Friedenshutten, on the Susquehannah-Mission to the Ohio District-The Converts Migrate to Friedenstadfr-A New Gnadenhutten near Lake Erie-Further Moravian Indian Settlements, and Success of the Brethren-SetUements Broken Up by the War of 1775, and BrutaUty of the Whites-Brutal Murder of the Christians at Sandusky by American Whites— Zeisberger's Last Years and Death . . . .440

CHAPTER XXVn.

THE CIVILISATION OF THE CHEKOKEES.

The Town of Brainerd- Mission of the American Board— Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury— Action of the United States Government—George Guess— The Language of the Cherokees-Tltle to their Land Denied— Broken Pledges— Persecution and Arrest of Missionaries— Appeal to the Supreme Court-The Exodus of 1838— Present St^te of the Cherokees . . 161

XV.— IN THE FAR EAST.

CHAPTER XXVm.

PERSIA, KASHMIR, AND AFGHANISTAN.

The Brethren Hocker and Rueffer— A Caravan Journey— Attacked by the Kurds- Hordes of Robbers— A Fruitless Expedition — Henry Martyn at Shiraz— Discussions with the MoUahs— The Shah of Persia— Death of Martyn— The Nestorians— Perkins and Grant— The Great Persian Famine— Kashmir— Srinagur— William Elmslie and the Medical Mission— A Melancholy Journey— Afghanistan— Peshawur and the Guest House . .... 172

XVI.— IN THE WEST INDIES.

CHAPTER XXIX.

ANTIGUA AND ST. VINCENT.

Nathaniel Gilbert and John Wesley— Laymen as Preachers— John Baxter, Shipwright— Antigua— Pious Negroes- Christmas, 1786— Dr. Coke— Arrival at Antigaa-The Slave Traffic- Exploration of the Islands— St. Vincen^-The Caribs— Matthew_ Lumb— Cast into Prison— Polygamy— Wreck of the Mail Boat jsi

CHAPTER XXX.

JAMAICA AND THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.

George lisle and the First Baptist Mission in Jamaica -Succession of Negro Pastors— Persecution of the Preachers— Thomas and WiUiam Knibb— Knibb's Attitude towards Slavery— Opposition of the Planters— Agitation in England in 1831, and Consequently among the Negroes— Knibb's Indiscretions— Incendiarism— Terrible Retribution by the Planters— Knibb Arrested and Threatened with Death— Chapels Burnt Down by the Whites— Attempts to Lynch the Missionary— Charged with Rebellion— Knibb and BurcheU Visit England— Knibb's Success— England Pays £20,000,000 for Emancipation- August 1, 1838— Emblems of Slavery Buried in a Grave— Knibb's Death— Dr. Underbill's Letter and the Agitation of 186»-Riot and Rebellion— Put Down with Reckless Barbarity— Judicial Murder of Gordon— Recent Progress of Jamaica under English Government .... 509

XVII.— MISSIONS IN INDIA.

CHAPTER XXXL

THE GOSPEL IN BUHMAH.

Buddhism— Felix Carey— Early Lite of Adoniram Judson— "A Decided Infidel"— Ann Hasseltine— Captured by the French— A Little Band of Seven— The Phyoungees- The Judsons at Rangoon— Opposition of the My owoon— First Converts— Imprisonment of Judson— Ministries of his Wife— Escape— The Burmese War— The Boardmans— Among the Karens— Mission of the S.P.G. — Bishop Cotton— Mr. Marks— A Liberal King— Beliefs of the Karens —Bishop Titcomb — Successful Work . ... 534

LIST*OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

William Carey and the Map of the World Frontispiece Godthaab, the First Danish Mission Station in Greenland 5

Mrs. Judson appealing to the Governor . . . 9

Benares 12

The Temple of Heaven, Pekin 16

Schmidt attacked by a Leopard 21

Basutos . 21

Escape of Rudolph's Companions , .... 29

Catholic Riot in Mexico 32

Maori War Expedition stopped by the Missionary . 37

Removal of Ziegenbalg's Father 41

Arrest of Ziegenbalg 45

Ziegenhalg leaving Tranquebar 49

Portrait of Christian Friedrich Schwartz . . . .52

Bathing-place at Trichinopoly 53

Schwartz and Hyder Ali . 56

The First Greenland Colonists 61

Bergen 65

Eskimo Huts 68

Eskimos Hunting Seals 69

Egede's Minde (Bgede's Memory) in Winter ... 72 Map of Moravia and surrounding District . . . 74

Portrait of Count Zinzendorf 76

Herrnhut 77

Portrait of Matthew Stach 81

Meeting of John Beck and Kayarnak . . .84

Photograph of John Beck's Bible 85

Kayarnak. , (Frovi an Oil PaintiTig in the possession of the Moravian Missionary Society) . ^ .... 88

A Snowstorm in Greenland . 89

A Greenland Kajak or " Man-boat " ... .92

Missionary Map of Greenland 96

Modern Greenland Children 97

Death of Melchior Nitschmann 100

Hottentots .... 104

Schmidt Teaching the Hottentots Agriculture. (Altered from a Painting lelonging to the Moravian Missimiary

Society) 105

Cape Town, Lion's Hill, and Table Mountain . . . 109 Portrait of Dr. Vanderkemp ... . . 113

A Scene in Mr. Campbell's Journey . ... . .116

Bosjesmans, or Bushmen 117

Travelling in Griqualand .121

Mr. Campbell and King Mateebe 124

Bushmen lying in Wait for Mr. Threlf all . . .129

Portrait of Dr. Morrison ... ... 133

Dr. Morrison Studying the Chinese Language . . 137

A Tea Plant 139

Macao 141

Chinese Ceremony of the Kotow 144

Mouth of the Canton River .145

Life on the Canton River 148

Some Chinese Characters, as Printed . . .150

„ „ „ as Written ... 151

Morrison Saves an Innocent Chinaman . . . .157

A Chinese Junk ... 160

Nanking 165

Death of Mr. Lowrie . . 167

The Duff and her Commander 169

Matavai Bay, Tahiti 172

Portrait of John Williams 177

Map of the Society Islands ... ... 178

Building of the Messenger of Peace ... 181

Map of the South Seas . . .... 185

PAGE

John Williams's Sixth Escape from Drowning . . 188

Frenzy of an old Chief 189

Heathen Temples in Samoa 192

Map of the Saraoan or Navigator Islands . . . .193

A Samoan Chief and his Wife 196

Samoans Fishing 197

Death of John Williams 201

Kalmuc Tartars 204

A Kalmuc saying his Prayers 205

Kalmuc Prayer Barrel 205

Ladak Scenery 208

Women of Leh 209

Lamas of Tibet 212

Lamassery at Hernis 213

The Sacred Words inscribed on a Stone . . . .215 Buddhist Images— Sakyi-Mouni, Erlik Khan (God of

Fire) 216

Natives of Tibet— Province of Ladak 217

View of Castle of Leh .221

Prayer-Wheels and Flags 225

Ceremony in the Great Hall of a Buddhist Lamassery . 228

Hindoo Fakirs ... .1 233

Portrait of William Carey . .... 236

Fort WUUam, Calcutta . 237

An Indian Indigo Factory 210

Carey and his Pundit Revising the Bengali Translation 241 Images of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva .... 244

Dr. Carey's Pulpit, Serampore 248

Chairs at Serampore . . .... 249

The Car of Jaganatha 253

Hindoo Cremation 257

Suttee 260

College of Serampore . 261

Tomb of Dr. Carey .264

Landing of the Puritan Fathers at Massachusetts . . 268 Destruction of the Pequot Settlement . . 272

Portrait of John Eliot . 273

Mayhew at Martha's Vineyard .... .277

Red Indian Chiefs . . 280

Yale CoUege 282

An Indian Village 285

Sargasso, or Gulf-weed 290

Sugar-cane . . . .• 292

A Sugar Plantation 293

A Slave March in Africa 296

On Board a Slave Ship 297

Portrait of Columbus . . 300

Discovery of S. Domingo by Columbus . . . .301

Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas 305

Attack by Whites on the Mission Station of Posau-

enberg . ,308

Moffat preaching to a Boer's Family and Servants . 313

Portrait of Africaner .316

Moffat's Mission Station in Namaqualand (Beersheba) . 317

Bechuana Rain-doctors 320

Moffat Institution, Kuruman 321

Portrait of Robert Moffat 324

Portrait of Mrs. Moffat 325

Mission Station, Kuruman 328

David Livingstone Studying after his Return from the

Livingstone and the Lion 333

Portrait of Livingstone ... . . . 337

An African Animal Trap 340 xu

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Dutch Boers 341

Xiivlngatone at the Beath-bed of Sebituane . . SU

Natives of Labrador .348

Eskimoa on the shore of Labrador . . .349

Wreck of a Mission Party • . .353

An Eskimo Dog Sledge . . . . .356

Building Snow Huts ... . .360

Hopedale Mission House, Labrador . . > .361

The Harmony Mission Ship ....'. .364

Watching for the Harmony, Hopedale Harbour . 365

Victoria, Hong-Kong . . 373

Street Scene in Canton .376

Hospital at Tien-tsin erected by Dr. Mackenzie . . 377 A Chinese Hand Carriage ... . 380

Chinese Criminals . . 381

Opium Smokers • . . . . . 385

In a Formosan Forest . 388

Gutzlaff' s House at Bangkok . . .389

The Desert of Gobi . . . .393

The Opium Poppy . . . . .396

Natives of Formosa . . 397

The Crater of Kilauea during an Eruption . . 401

The " House of the Everlasting Burnings "... 404 Buins of a Temple formerly dedicated to Human

Sacrifices 405

Captain Cook. —His Vessels in Kealakakua Bay . . 408 Kamehamehal. and his Warriors . . . . 409

Natives of Hawaii .... . . .413

Eoyal Palace, Honolulu ... .416

Natives of Honolulu . . 421

Visit of the King to Hilo . . . .424

Portrait of Queen Emma ... . 432

Portrait of King Kamehameha V. . ' . . 433

Hawaiians of To-day . ... . . 437

General James Oglethorpe . . . .441

Old Print of the Town of Savannah . . 444

A Swamp in Georgia 445

Attack on the Moravian Missionaries by the

Portrait of Zeisberger

Banks of the Susquehannah

Indian Warfare

An Indian Settlement .

The Mississippi

Preaching to the Indiana

A Halt in the Hauran Desert

Terraced Gardens of Shiraz

Portrait of Henry Martyn

Persian MoUah and Women

Family of Nestorians

Srinagur: the Mosque

Temple of Amritsar

Afghans ....

Portrait of John Wesley

A Methodist Meeting

Kingston, St. Vincent .

Sugar-cane Plantations .

A Negro Hut in the West Indies

Wreck of the Mail-boat at Antigua, 1826

Portrait of the Rev. W. Knibb

Kingston, Jamaica .

Revolt in Jamaica— Firing on the Negroes

House in which Mr. Knibb commenced Operations

A Jamaica Planter at Home

Funeral of Knibb . -i

House at Morant Bay where Gordon was Tried

Negro Huts, Jamaica . . ■ .

Burmese Image House ... . .

Rangoon

Portrait of Adoniram Judson

Buddhist Priest .

Mr. Judson and Mr. Colman before the Emperor

Rangoon '. .

Apprehension of Mr. Judson

Mr. Judson in Prison '.

Mrs. Judson at the Gate of her Husband's Prison .

Mr. Judson's Grave

View of Mandalay . .

Royal Palace, Mandalay

Church at Mandalay built by King Mindone-Min .

King Theebaw and his Wives

FAG£

Conquests of the Cross.

" The Field is the WoEtD."