Christian iconography of the history of christian art in the middle ages

Front matter

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Harbard College Library.

Collection of Books on Proverbs, Emblems, and the Dance of Death.

Contents

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Page

INTRODUCTION . : : ‘ ‘ , : s 1 PART I.

Part II

Page THE HISTORY OF GOD . . : 3 ‘ ! . 166 Gop THE FaTHER A 7 7 . . : - . 167 Portraits oF Gop THE FaTHER . : ‘ : . 201 CHARACTERISTIC ATTRIBUTES OF Gop THE FaTHER . .. 221 Gop THE Son . F Fs , . A . ‘ . 234 History oF THE Portraits or GoD THE Son . . . 242 ARCHAOLOGICAL SIGNS, CHARACTERISTIC OF OUR SAVIOUR 278 THe TRIUMPH OF CHRIST . ‘ ‘ : : . . 292 Jzsvus Carist a8 A LAMB : é 5 : ‘ . 818 JESUS, AS THE GooD SHEPHERD . ; . : . . 337 JESUS, FIGURED BY THE FIsn . . : : . 844 Tue Cross, 4 SyMBoL oF CHRIST. : 2 . . 3867 THe VARIETIES OF THE CROSS 3 : é : . 874 Tue Sian oF THE Cross. . 2 : . ‘ . 405 Tue Cobour or THE Cross : ri , ‘ . . 412 Tue TRIUMPH OF THE CRoss . . : ; . . 414 History oF tHe Hoty Guost . 3 : ‘i - . 417 DEFINITION oF THE Hoty Guost . F , - . 418 Worse or THE Hoty Guost . é 4 _ - . 487 MANIFESTATIONS OF THE Hoty Guost . 5 . - 440 Tae Hoty Serrit as a Dove . . 3 ~ « 451

Tae Cotour oF THE Hoty GHOST REPRESENTED AS A Dove : : ‘ . : 5 7 . - 461 Tue Hoty Gost ss a Man. ‘i , : - . 467 QUALITIES PECULIAR TO THE HoLy GHostT . ‘ . A474 CHRONOLOGICAL IconoGRAPHY OF THE Hoty Guost . . 493 THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE HoLy GHosT . : 3 - 496

HERESIES AGAINST THE Hoty Guost . : : . . 499

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

* ‘ Page Charlemagne crowned, and with the Nimbus ... . - + « «6 B Christ in an elliptical Aureole . « - . 24 St. John the Evangelist, with a cireular Nimbus airnioiuted by two sun-

flowers, emblems of the sun < a, Kak ees Set. os God the Father, with a triangular Nimbus bearing noe ea Men ters St. Gregory IV. with a square Nimbus . . oe

The three Divine Persons, adorned with the evactiorin Nimbus . Nimbus with rays of unequal length, without any connecting line ets ‘Transverse lines, or luminous clusters of rays passing bates the circumference ofthe Nimbus . . . or) Apollo as the Sun, adorned with the Nimbus, ‘iain euwnea with seven rays Nimbus bordered with fourteen rays . o 8 The Trinity—each Divine Person wearing the ceveltors ‘Nimbus see Maya, the Hindoo Goddess, withacruciform Nimbus . . . «+. «© Divine Lamb, with cruciform Nimbus and three smaller crosses SSS Divine Nimbus, with the transverse branches of the cross elevated See A Greek painting of Christ, with a cruciform Nimbus, the transverse branches inscribed with éé» “IAm” . . . o> ole te Christ with a plain Nimbus, ascending to Heaven in a ciroular ‘Avireola . Christ without a beard wearing a plain Nimbus . - «ew Christ without Nimbus, and beardless . . .

The three Heavenly Beings who appeared to the Patriarch ‘Abrabam, one wearing a cruciform Nimbus, or Nimbus stamped with a cross ae The Divine hand, with a cruciform Nimbus. . oe God the Father, with a bi-triangular Nimbus; God the Son, with a dteilar Nimbus; God the Holy Ghost, withont a Nimbus, and within an Aureole God the Father wegring a lozenge-shaped Nimbus . . Divine Lamb, with a circular Nimbus, not cruciform, nicked with the monogram of Christ, and the A and 2 é 3 . “ . e . St. John the Baptist, with a Nimbus 7 .

The Emperor Henry IL., with a circular Nimbus Saariigs an inscription . Pope Pascal with a square Nimbus . .

A bishop whilst living, having a rectangulay Nimbus in the form of a volumen ee en ae a

. . . . . .

b x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS,

Square Nimbus worn by Charlemagne and Pope Leo III. St. Peter with the circular Nimbus ‘ a 5 é ‘i . . . < oo.

Libertywitha Nimbus. @ é < Diana, the Moon, with a circular Nimbus : . .

Sun, with rays issuing from the face, and a wheel- like Nimbore on dhs head ; God the Father, without a Nimbus and beardless, condemning Adam to till

. . . . .

the ground and Eve to spin wool . on se . 0 Gig cel Christ with a Nimbus resembling a flat cap, or conniietie Cn ane . Christ with a Nimbus of three clustersofrays . . v8 A Nimbus drawn in perspective, formed by a simple thread of light ee God in an Aureole of quatrefoils . oe Ss a> “te

The Lord in an Aureole of clouds, which take the form of the body os God, ina circular Aureole, radiating within, and intersected by symbolic squares, with concave sides. God is sitting on a rainbow; his feet resting on another . = . . < . i The Transfiguration ; Christ ina wheetehaped apes .. a * ae Christ in an elliptical Aureole formed of branches .

Mary, inan oval Aureole, intersected by another, also oval, but. of, smaller alse Soul of Saint Martin in an elliptical Aurele . . oes Mary and Jesus in an Aureole of straight and flamboyant cave nt Mercury with acireular Nimbus. . . . or A Persian king, adorned with a pyramidal flamboyant Nimbus a ee

Satan, with a circular Nimbus, tormenting Job. . . The Beast with seven heads; six have the Nimbus, and the peventti being wounded to death, is without . . em Ser A ty The Creator under the figure of Christ, not of the Father Be ey Mey Oe Jesus Christ (not the Father),asthe Almighty . . . . . . Jesus Christ as Saint Sophia a elshs Van ,-@ oy age no) ee all Xe Jehovah, as the God of Battles és wD Ps, & The Divine hand, emitting rays of light, but withsot a Nimbus atm wile The hand of God the Father, neither emitting rays, nor encircled with the

Nimbus, but entirely open . 7 es The Divine hand, resting on a cruciform Nimbus a The Divine hand, presenting a crown to the Infant Jesus . The Souls of the Righteous in the Hand of God . 7 8 e . oe The Face of God the Father, with the features of the Son. . oe

God, beardless: either the Son orthe Father . . . . 2. « God the Father, and God the Son, with features exactly identical 3 . The Father, represented as slightly different to the Son 2 -%- 2%)

God the Father, distinct from the Son and HolyGhost . . . .. God the Father, the Creator, as an old man anda pope?. . eats God the Father, as pope, with a tiara of five crowns . ‘ . . oe The Name of Jehovah, inscribed within a radiating triangle a es The Creator, under the form of Jesus Christ Ge ce, By ie te Me Figure of Christ, beardless en ae . . ee ie ue

The Supreme Judge. . Bree: oi sey we. wh? Meee Christ suffering; bearded, human or ae ae oe ee * sats Lik, Wis ate Christ triumphant; beardless, divine or beautiful we

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Christ, bearded, tempted by Satan . . . . . . whee Jesusina flamboyant Aureole . . . a er oe Jesus as an angel, in an Aureele composed of triangles . o, 9G Sar ce Jesus in a circular Aureole . a 7 . . . . Paar

Mary, glorified like Jesus Christ . .

The Word of God; a Child, naked, ioiving fon his Father the staff sid serip. . . ae 5 Jesus treading under foot the Serpent; the Basilisk, the Lion, Sai the ‘Dragon Jesus Christ chains and overpowers Death. . . Cees ae Se Christ returning from his pilgrimage 7 ey ee ee Jesus showing his bleeding wounds to the Father : an ee a Het ae Christ as the Grand Archbishop . er . Or ia sie The Triumph of Jesus Christ, on horseback BR A tee ey Aer de The Lamb of God; symbolic of Jesus crucified . why © ax? “are SS>. ws St. John the Baptist carrying the LambofGed . . . . a se SS A natural lamb, carried by St. John. 2 7 * ‘ “i “ . . The Lamb of God, under the form of a ram. : ne ae

Christ and his Apostles, under the form of lambs or of sheep ae ur 4 Lambs representing scenes from the old and New Testatament . o. The Lamb of God, with seveneyesandsevenhorns . . . . . Jesus, as the Good Shepherd ss oc Le EE) se Tomb ofa VendorofOil . . . Be eS SS + let Fe ee es S The Tomb of an Architect . . es ecko 5 Sarcophagus of a Mariner, who afterwards bécaine a Shepherd ea ee Various attributes, represented on the tombs of the primitive Christians .

Grave-stone ofa Vine-dresser . 2. 7 ew wee es Church in the form ofaGreek Cross... ww ww le Greek Cross, with Double Branches . is . .

Christ, armed with the Cross of the Resurreetion, descending into Limbo . Greek Cross; as the Cross of Lorraine 5 . A A B é o Greek Cross, with Double Cross Arms . . ie, wont woh. 5 eo Cross, quartered with the Four Gospels. . Bo SR aie, She ae) Various Crosses of the Greek form. . or ry A Greek Cross or Star, with six equal branches . oe . oo

Greek Cross, with six branches of unequal lengths o ee e . . Greek and Latin Crosses, of various forms jp date were ie! er. Monogram, united with the Cross; .

Mystic Cross oe . . . . . . . oe oe

Starry Cross. lt es ae, oe OR Greek and Latin Crosses, of various: forms ap ee gy eh Mies” Malte Inhabited Cross . . ho oi Ree Aw Ea. “Go ee. we Spirit of Intelligence, hovering above David 6 i cet oes The Holy Ghost, as the God of Intelligence, carrying a book my, GS 70 The Holy Spirit as a Dove, “ moving upon the face of the waters” jer}

The Holy Ghost, as man, assisting at the coronation of the Virgin . . Pope Gregory the Great, inspired by the Holy Spirit ease ee The Holy Ghost, as a Dove upon a standard . 7 % < Fe is 5 Angel or Celestial Spirit, with six wings a. Ge ta en ee ae

8 8

BSEERESSSSSRSSSSSSRESSAERSRERE xu LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Winged Tetramorph, borne on winged and fiery wheels ah cat Be. 28 The Spiritof Youth . . ws fe eo ca er BS ese The Church as a Dove with six wine eS Se a ay Bye AnEvil Spirit, Black . 2. 2. . 2. 6 « 2 ew we ee Spirit of Evil, the SoulofanIdol . . . . «4 . . oe

The Holy Ghost, as a Child, floating on the waters .- . The Holy Ghost, as a Child of eight or ten years old, in the. arms of the

Father. . eee Jesus Christ surroutided by the Sevedi Gifts of the Holy Ghost o> tee Six Divine Doves, instead of Seven ok e836 See oe The Holy Ghost as Man, and jn the form of a Dove also ae a. The Divine Dove, witha cruciform Nimbus . . .« «© «6 te The Divine Dove, in aradiating Aureole . . .

The Divine Dove, with a cruciform Nimbus, floating Hetiveen the ‘wiles of

the Creation Bee bn as . .

The Holy Ghost in the upper part of the Gross ¢ : ‘withoat a Nimbus, without cruciform Rays, without any Aureole or Glory ee cee? os .

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CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY.