The works of Jeremy Bentham T. 11

CHAPTER I. Infancy and Boyhood, 1748—59

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Birth. — Connexions and Ancestry : Jacobitism : Father and Mother. — Localities. — Reminiscences of Infancy : Browning Hill. — Musical Taste. — Physical Weakness. — Instruction in French.

— Passion for Reading : Fiction : History ; Telemachus. — Early Companions.

— Observation of Nature. — Susceptibility of Temperament. — Sir Thomas Sewell and Bentham, senior. — Recollections of Early Incidents. — Humanity to Animals. — Visits to Barking. — Anecdotes.— Liability to Horrible Impressions.— Influence of Early Reading. — Family Reminiscences. — Early Tastes : Flowers. — Death of his Mother. - 1

Chapter II

School and College. 1754 — 63. .^t. 6 — 15.

Reminiscences of Westminster School ;

Dr. Markham. — Cotton. — Schoolboy’s Stories, and their influence on Bentham’s Mind. — Visit to Duke of Leeds.

— Acquirements in French. — The Fagging System. — Mitford. — Bentham senior and the Scrivener’s Company. — Progress in Greek and Latin. — Autobiography of Constantia Philips. — Entrance at Oxford. — The Oaths : Love of Truth. — Jefierson his Tutor. — Dr. Bentham. — Dr. B ur ton. — Competition for a Presentation. — Hell-fire Club. — Concerts. — Reminiscences of his Habits and Companions at Oxford : Poore : Harris : Horseley. — Ode on the Accession of George III.: Dr. Johnson’s Commendation. — Reminiscences and Anecdotes of his Feelings as to Loyalty.

— A College Declamation. — College Anecdotes. — -Macaroni Verses. — Degree of Bachelor of Arts. -

Chapter III

Enters as Student in Court of King’s Bench. — Lincoln’s Inn. — Blackstone’a

, VOL. X.

Lectures.— Wilkes’ Trial: Lord Mans^'‘®® field.— A Tour in the North of England. —Visits France.- Mrs. Cibber.— Sir J(Mhua Reynolds.— Father’s Marriage

with Mrs. Abbot.— Master’s Degree.

Anecdotes of the Mackreth Family.— Propensity to involuntary Laughter. — Leaves Oxford.— Bias of his Mind.— Reminiscences of Places and Persons :

Sir John Hawkins : Hawkesworth : Sir W. Jones: White: Lowndes: Chamberlain Clark. — Authentication of a Portrait of Milton. — Pierre Vrillon. — Excursions. — Account of Lind and Nathaniel Forster, with Notices of Camden, Rosslyn, Franklin, Parr, and Prince Czartoriski. — Wilkes and George III. — Duelling. — Residence in Paris. — John Forster. — Wortley Montague. - 45

Chapter IV

Earliest ’ Printed Composition : Defence of Lord Mansfield. — Extracts from Commonplace Book. — Preparation of Critical Elements of Jurisprudence. — Publication of Fragment on Government.— Studies, and Habit of Life at the Bar. — Autobiography of Constantia Philips. — Retrospect of the Growth of Opinions. — View of the Hard Labour Bill. — Correspondence with Public Men in France : D’Alembert. — Notices of Eminent Men : Mansfield, Camden, Barrington, Speaker Abbot. — Further Extracts from Commonplace Book - 67

Chapter V

Visits to Lord Shelburne.— Letters from Bowood : The Bowood Ladies : Lord Pembroke : Court Scandal : Necker : Louis XVI. : Lord Bristol.— American War : Captain Blankett ; Elliot : Siege of St. Lucie : Lord Dartry : Lord Chatham and William Pitt : Dunning : Relation of an Overture by Lord North to the Rockinghams : Lord and Lady Tracton : American Intelligence : Camden: Sir William Draper’s Letter to Lord Shelburne. - - * *

Contents

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CHAPTER VI. Reminiscences of the Visits to Bowood

— Lord Lansdowne : the Waldegraves : the Bowood Ladies. — Camden and Mansfield: the Pembrokes: Sir James Long : Townsend the Traveller.— Notice of Goldsmith. — Lord Dunmore. —Correspondence with Anderson, Stewart, Villion, Trail, Wilson, Swediaur, Symonds, and Townsend.— Extracts from Commonplace Book * 115

Chapter VII

Preparations for Tour in Russia. — Prince Potemkin. — Departure. — Paris. — Journey by Genoa, Leghorn, and Florence.— Smyrna. — Mitylene. — Scio. — Constantinople. — Personal Anecdotes.

— Letter to Lord Lansdowne. — Journey through Bulgaria and Wallachia.

— Ovidiopol. — Kremenschuk. — Russian Army. — Illustrations of Society.

— Sir Samuel Bentham. — The Establishment at Crichoflf. — Correspondence with Chamberlain Clark and Wilson.

— Abbot’s Marriage. — Paley. — The Panopticon Scheme. — Sir S. Bentham’s Inventions. — Defence of Usury. 1 47

Chapter VIII

Return from Crichoflf. — Journey through Poland, Germany, and Holland. — Klaproth the Chemist. — Pursuits on his Return. — Notices of the Fordyces, Hoole, Lord St. Helens, Fitzherbert, Stone. — Intercourse with Romilly and Dumont. — Hastings’ Trial. — Sir Eardley Wilmot. — Opinion of Lord Lansdowne.— Correspondence with France.

— Brissot. — Work on Penal Law. — Tactics of Political Assemblies.— The Abbd MoreUet— Letters of Ante-Machiavel; Controversy with George III. 179

Chapter IX

Correspondence on French Aflfairs.— Memoranda of Lord Lansdowne’s Ministerial Projects. — Lord Wycombe.— Memoir of a Portrait of Bentham.—

His Wish to enter Parliament, and

Correspondence with Lord Lansdowne.

Pago

— Correspondence with Sir Samuel Bentham, Dr. Price, Benjamin Vaughan, 4tc. . - - - - 212

Chapter X

The Panopticon Project. — Reveley the Architect. — Correspondence : Pole CareWjSir Samuel Bentham, Dr. Anderson, Vaughan, Lord Lansdowne, and the Bowood Ladies. — Correspondence with Garran, Brissot, and the National Assembly, on Projects of Reform. — Death of Bentham’s Father. - - 250

CHAPTER XI. Correspondence with Lord Lansdowne

— Made a Citizen of Prance. — Correspondence with Roland, Chauvelin, Delessert, &c. — Opinion of Speaker Abbot. — Notices of Contemporaries:

Dr. Lawrence, Bryant, Beckford, Baron Regenfeld, Bishop Barnard, Salisbury, Wickham, Young. — Death of the Duke de la Rochefoucauld. — Correspondence with Dumont, Sir Q. Staunton, Law, Romilly, Anderson, Dundas. — The State of Europe. — Financial Projects. — William Pitt. - 279

Chapter XII

Dumont. — Lord Wycombe. — Duke de Liancourt. — W ilberforce. — Lord St. Helens. — Letter on the 'Preason Bill.

— Plan for an Index of Advertisements.— Pole Carew’s Financial Projects.— Dr. Colquhoun. — Plans for Improving the Metropolitan Police, and the Westminster Magistracy. — Correspondence with Sir Francis Baring on Banks and Paper Currency. 308

Chapter XIII

Correspondence : Dr. Roget, Addington, Abbot, Morton Pitt. — Project of a Frigidarium. — Letter on the Population Bill.— Prevention of Forgery. — Lind’s Widow. — Annuity-Note, and Banking Projects. — Correspondence with Rose, Pye, Vansittart, Dumont, and Young. - 342

CHAPTER XIV. Correspondence continued : Robert

Watts on Prices ; Dumont, with. Notices of Talleyrand and French Politics.

— Sir William Pulteney and Wilberforce on the Panopticon. — Wilson, —

Sir T. M. Eden. — Bentham’s Visit to Paris, Fontanes, Duke de Brancas, Oamiec. — Correspondence with Romilly, Trowbridge, and Collins - 377

I

Chapter XV

Intercourse and Correspondence with Dr. Parr. — Home Tooke. — Dumont in Russia, and tiie Progress of Bentham’s Opinions there. — ^Mr. Mulford. — Pole Carew. — George III. and Bishop Hurd. — Death of Lord Lansdowne. — Proffer of Marriage by Bentham. — Ronnlly in Scotland. — William Hutton.

— ^Reform of the Scottish Courts. — Residence at Barrow Green. - > 403

Correspondence : Dumont, Sir James Mackintosch, Lord St. Helens. — Mr. Whishaw. — Romilly. — Anecdotes of Colonel Burr. — ^Projects for Reforming the Spanish Cortes. — Colonel Burr’s Letters. — Correspondence with Lord Holland, and Project of Settling in Mexico. — ^Mulford. — Francis Horner.

— ^Notices of Mill. — Cobbett, RomiUy, and Libel Law. — Dumont on Translation.— Mill, Brougham, JeflBrey, and the Edinburgh Review. - 427

Chapter XVII

Correspondence with Blanco White on the Affiurs of Spain. — Project of Settling in Venezuela. — Cobbett. — Droits of the Admiralty. — Dumont's English. — ^R. B. NickoUs. — Brougham on Codification in America and Naval Reform. — Sir F. Burdett. — Major Cartwright. — Colonel Burr, — Madame de Stael and Benjamin Constant. —

Jury Trial in India.— Miranda.— Proposal to Lord Sidmouth to prepare a Penal Code. — Blaquiere. — Mackintosh. 456

CHAPTER XVHI.

Establishment of New Lanark. Jo-

vellanos. — Lord Holland. — Codifica-

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tion for Russia. — Ford Abbey, — James Mill — State of Cambridge University.— Ricardo. — Say. — Abolition of the Slave Trade. — Project of a Chrestomathic SchooL — Admiral Tchitchagoff, — Jekyil. — Madam Gautier.— Dumont and the Book of Fallacies.— ^Death of Miranda. — ^Death of George Wilson. — Mutual Improvement Society. ----- 473

Chapter XIX. 1817—1819. 69— 71

Reform Catechism. — Dumont and Law Reform in Geneva. — Burdett, and Parliamentary Reform. — ^The Ballot.

— Bickersteth. — ^Anarchical Fallacies.

— Ricardo. — T. W. Gilmer and Codification for the United States. — Vote of Thanks from the Householders of Westminster. — Say on French Politics.

— Cambronero. — Improvement of Irish Labourers in New York. — Death of RomiUy. — Major Cartwright. — Extracts from Note-Book. - 489

Chapter XX

Libel Law in the United States. — Mr. Rush. — Rivadavia. — Blaquiere. — Spanish Politics. — Dr. Bowring’s Introduction to Bentham. — Townsend the Traveller. — Extracts from Note- Book. — |Table of Fallacies. — Cartwright. — Hobhouse. — Dumont on the Penal Code for Geneva. — J. B.

Say, — Miss Frances Wright. — La Fayette. — Carlisle. — Re-eligibility of Representatives. — Note-Book. — Brougham. — Dr. Bowring’s Imprisonment in France. — The Greek Revolution, and Dr. Parr. - - - 512

Chapter XXI

Establishment of the Westminster Review.— Lord Eldon. — Burdett. — Catholic Association. — Extracts from Note-Book. — ^Rationale of Reward. — Independence of the Judges. — Humanity to Animals. — Bolivar, and Bentham’s Works. — Visit to Pai-is, — Death of Parr. — President Adams. — Governor Plumer. — Reminiscences. —

Del VaUe. — American Law. — Sydney Smith. — Conversation, and Notices of Grote, Burke, Junius, North, Fox, Wedderbum, Erskine, Talleyrand, Lansdowne, Dunning, Barr4, &c. - 540

CONTENTS.

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CONTENTS.

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Chapter XXII

Opinions on Style, Collocation, and Accent.— Opinions on Contemporaries ;

Peel, Cobbett, Owen, Rammohun Roy,

G. Dyer, Priestley, Napoleon, Eldon,

&c. — His Secretaries. — Correspondence.— Neal. — Brougham . — Colonel

Young and Lord W. Bentmck on East India Affairs. — Letter to the King of Bavaria. — Memoranda of Conversation on Miscellaneous Subjects. — Brougham’s Law Reforms. — Letter to Rammohun Roy. — Catholics and Dissenters. — Mina. — O’Connell, and Law and Parliamentary Reform. — Felix Bodin. — Chamberlain Clark. - 568

(IN VOL. XI.)

Chapter XXIII

La Fayette. — Colonel Stanhope. — J. B.

Say. — O’Connell, Hunt, and the Radical Reformers. — Rammohun Roy, Lord W. Bentinck, Colonel Young, and the State of India. — Letters to the Duke of Wellington. — Law Reform.— General Miller. — Del Valle, and Spanish Politics. — Livingston. — Death of Dumont. — Remonstrance with O’Connell. _ . . - 1

Chapter XXIV

Law Reform Association. — Apprehension of Blindness. — Sale of Offices. — ■ O’Connell. — Mordvinoff. — Jabez Henry. — Livingston. — Codification. — Brougham. — Peel. — O'Connell. — J. Smith, M.P. — Letter to President Jackson. — Reform in America, and French Politics. — Humann of Geneva.

— Rev. Humphrey Price. - - 30

CHAPTER XXV. Del Valle. — Jeux d’Esprit. — Burdett

Sir James Graham. — Livingston. — Santander. — Due de Broglie. — French

Revolution of 1830. — Letter to the French People. — Introduction of Rammohun Roy.— La Fayette.— Brougham.

— O’Connell and Libel Law. — Irish Coercion. — Parliamentary Candidates’ Society. — Notices of Bentham in American Periodicals. — ^V'^illiam 'Bait.

— Cobbett. — Prosecution of Archibald Prentice. - - - - - 48

Chapter XXVI

Declining Health. — Memoranda and Conversations. — ■ B urdett. — Interview with Talleyrand.— Bentham's Death.

— His Character, the Structure of his Mind, and his domestic, social, and literary Habits. — Dr. Southwood Smith’s Estimate of his Philosophy and Personal Character. - - - 71