Preface To The Second Edition
This edition of Yol. I. has been revised and, as far as possible, brought into line with the second volume. The text, where considered necessary, has been extended or curtailed, and many new illustrations have been added, but the arrangement of the subjectmatter of the book remains as originally planned.
The Editor desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. John A. W. Dollar, New Bond Street, W., for permission to copy Figs. 311, 315, and 319 from Cadiot’s ‘Exercices de Chirurgie Hippique’; and to Messrs. Arnold and Sons, West Smithfield, for most of the new illustrations of instruments.
J. MACQUEEN.
December, 1902.
Preface To The First Edition
The need for a text-book of Operative Veterinary Surgery in the English language has been felt for a very long time — in fact, ever since operations upon animals were systematically practised in this country, in order to render them more useful, or to relieve them from pain and disease. At various times during the last half-century, works of this description have been produced on the Continent of Europe, where the study of V eterinary Medicine and Surgery, fostered and protected by Governments, has made greater progress, perhaps, than in the United Kingdom or in America ; but until now no attempt has been made to provide such a book for use in Englishspeaking countries. In offering this text-book for acceptance, I would venture to state that no pains have been spared to make it complete ; and if its completeness is not equal to the requirements of the most exigent practitioner, this must be ascribed to the disadvantages under which I have laboured in pi’eparing the work, and especially to the heavy exactions imposed upon me in the performance of my professional duties.
I have been extremely anxious to assist the student and young Veterinary Surgeon in acquiring and keeping up a knowledge of perhaps the most important, and certainly the most difficult, part of their profession — the manual details of Operative Veterinary Surgery: a branch of their education which can only be perfected by practice, based on exact anatomical, physiological, and pathological teaching. There is little time or opportunity for acquiring this knowledge during their college curriculum, and only too frequently they have to assume the functions and responsibilities of practitioners, while possessing only a very limited acquaintance with the various operations, or the mode of performing them, which they may be required to undertake early in their career.
In preparing the work now submitted, I have availed myself of
Preface
viii
every accessible source of information embodied in the various professional journals, as well as in the works more immediately devoted to the subject, among which may be specially mentioned, Brogniez’s TraiU de Chirurgie Vdtdrinaire (Brussels, 1845); Hering’s Handbuch der Thieriirztlichen Operationslehre (2nd edition, Stuttgart, 1866) ; Gourdon’s Eliments de Chirurgie Vdtdrinaire (Paris, 1854) ; Toussaint and Peuch’s Prdcis de Chirurgie Vdtdrinaire (Paris, 1876) ; Degive’s Manual de Mddecine Opdratoire Vdtdrinaire (Brussels, 1880); and Zundel’s edition of D’Arboval’s Dictionnaire de Mddecine, de Chirurgie, el d’Hygibia Vdterinaires (Paris, 1874). To several friends in the Veterinary profession, I am also indebted for valuable hints.
I have made only slight allusion to Surgical Anatomy, as more extensive reference to it would have compelled me to produce a larger work than would perhaps suit the convenience of those busily engaged in practice. If more detail is required, it will be found in my translation of Chauveau’s Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals (London, 1873), which is the text-book I have resorted to in the brief anatomical descriptions given.
I confidently hope that the work will be found useful, and that it will assist in promoting Veterinary Surgery, which has for its object the benefiting of man indirectly, and animals largely and directly.
GEORGE FLEMING.
London.
Contents
PAGE
Introduction 1-8
Chapter I. Manner Of Securing Animals For Operation
General Observations . . . • . 9, 10
I. Manner of Securing the Horse : (a) Standing ; (b)
Recumbent ; (c) Latericumbent ; ( d ) Dorsicumbent . 11-59
II. Manner of Securing the Ox for Operation : (a) Standing ; (b) Recumbent ..... 59-66
III. Manner of Securing the Sheep and Goat for Opera-
IV. Manner of Securing the Pig for Operation . ■ 67
V. Manner of Securing the Dog and Cat for Operation 68, 69
Chapter I. General Operations
I. Dislocations and Fractures
II. Removal of Tumours
III. Cauterization ....
IV. Electro-Puncture or Galvano-Puncture V. Setons .....
VI. Injections .....
VII. Inoculation ....
VIII. Operations on Bloodvessels
IX. Operations on Muscles .
X. Operations on Fascia and Periosteum
XI. Operations on Tendons and Ligaments
XII. Operations on Nerves
XIII. Amputations ....
XIV. Extraction of Foreign Bodies from Wounds
XV. Trepanation, or Trephining
Index .....
PAGE
. 96-114
. 115-128
. 129-151
. 153-179
. 179-188
. 188-197 198
. 198-204
. 281-285
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. Portable Sterilizer for Instruments . . . .6
2. Aseptic Ligature Trough . . . . . .6
3. Carbolized Bubber Drainage-Tubes . . . . .7
5. Short Twitch. . . . . .12
7. Twitch (Ordinary) . . . . .12
9. Wood Hinged Twitch . . . . .13
10. The Mask 14
11. The Cradle or Necklet . . . . .14
13. Fore-Leg Secured . . . . . .16
14. Tail-Hobble : Mode of Attaching Hind-Leg to the Tail . . 17
15. Second Mode of Securing the Hind-Leg by Side-Line . . 17
16. Third Mode of Securing the Hind-Limb by Side-Line . . 18
17. Fourth Mode of Securing the Hind-Limb by Side-Line . . 19
18. Fifth Mode of Securing the Hind-Limb by Side-Line . . 19
19. Method of Securing both Hind-Legs . . . .20
20. Method of Securing Fore and Hind-Limbs in the Standing Position 20
21. Raabe and Lunel’s Hippo-Lasso . . . . .21
23. Casting-rope Applied . . . . . .25
24. Rohard’s Method of Throwing Down a Horse . . .26
25. Rohard’s Method of Securing the Horse when Thrown Down . 26
26. Rarey’s Method of Throwing Down a Horse . . .27
27. Russian Method of Throwing Down e. Horse . .28
28. Improvised Hobble . . . . • . .30
29. Ordinary Hobbles with Spring-Hook for Chain . . .31
30. Improved Hobble : a, b, The Two Portions of a Detached or Free
Hobble ; c, the Principal Portion of the Chief Hobble ; d, the Terminal Link of the Chain ; e, Spring-Hook . . .31
31. Modified Spring-Hook . . . . . .32
ILLUSTRATIONS.
32. Simple Retention-Hook . . . . . .32
33. Stuttgart Method of Throwing Down a Horse . . .32
34. Horse Secured by the Stuttgart Method . . . .33
35. Danish Method of Casting a Horse . . . . .33
36. Berlin Method of Throwing a Horse Down . . .34
40. Miles’s Method of Casting a Colt . . . . .40
41. Improved English Hobbles . . . . . .41
42. English Method of Throwing Down a Horse with Hobbles . 41
43. Horse being Thrown Down . . . . . .42
44. James’s Patent Casting Hobbles . . . . .43
45. Cross Hobbles . . . . . . .44
46. James’s Patent Cross Hobbles . . . . .44
47. Elexion of the Hind-Leg in the Latericumbent Position . . 45
48. Attaching the Fore to the Hind-Leg in the Latericumbent Position 46
49. The Fore attached to the Hind-Leg in the Latericumbent Position 46
50. Head and Neck Extending Apparatus . . . .55
51. Operation Table : Vertical Position . . . . .56
52. Operation Table : Horizontal Position . . . .56
53. Price’s Operation Table . . . . .57
54. Vinsot and Dollar’s Operation Table . . . .58
55. Trapp’s Operation Table . . ... 59
56. Trapp’s Operation Table . . • . .60
57. Simple Nose-Clamp . . . . . . .61
58. Screw Nose-Clamp . . . . . . .61
59. Nose-Clamp, with Keeper . . ■ . . .61
60. Nose-Clamp, with Spring and Keeper . . . .61
63. Alsace Nose-Ring and Head-Stall . . . . .63
64. Alsace Nose-Ring Applied . . . . • .63
65. Vigan’s Controlling Apparatus for Oxen . . . ' .63
66. Securing Hind-Leg by Means of the Tail . . • .64
67. Ox Travis, with Ox in Position . . . • .64
68. Throwing Down an Ox by Means of a Rope . . .65
69. Rueff’s Method of Throwing Down the Ox . . • .66
70. Gag-Speculum for the Pig . . . . • .67
71. Tape Muzzle for the Dog . . . • • .68
72. Livon’s Operation Table . . . . • .68
78. Bernard’s Operation Table . . . . • .69
74. Operation Table for the Cat . . . . . .69
75. Cox’s Chloroform-Muzzle . . • .72
76. Gresswell’s Chloroform Nose-Cap . . . . .74
77. Livon’s Inhaler for the Dog . . . . • .75 t
ILLUSTRATIONS.
xiii
78. Aseptic Scalpel . . . . . . 77
79. Aseptic Scalpel, with Scoop . . . . .77
80. Aseptic Operation Scalpel . . . . . .78
81. Aseptic Knife, with Four Blades . . . . .78
82. Bistoury Cache, with Begulating Screw . . . .79
88. Bistoury, Sharp-Pointed . . . . . .79
84. Bistoury, Probe-Pointed . . . . . .79
85. Aseptic Scalpel and Abscess Knife . . . . .79
86. Drawing-Knife, or Searcher . . . . .80
87. Bowelling Bistoury . . . . . . .80
88. Aseptic Forceps . . . . . . .80
89. Fine Curved Forceps . . . . . .80
90. Holding Scalpel : First Position . . . . .80
91. Holding Scalpel : Second Position . . . . .81
92. Holding Scalpel : Second Position . . . . .81
93. Holding Scalpel : Third Position . . . . .81
94. Holding Scalpel : Fourth Position . . . . .81
95. Holding Scalpel : Fifth Position . . . . .82
96. Holding Scalpel : Sixth Position . . . . .82
97. Holding Scalpel : Seventh Position . . . .82
98. Holding Scalpel : Eighth Position . . . . .83
99. Holding the Drawing-Knife : First Position . . .83
100. Holding the Drawing-Knife : Second Position . . .83
101. Incision Director . . . . . • .85
102. Manner of Directing the Bistoury by the Finger . . .86
103. Form of Incisions . . . . . • .88
104. Aseptic Lancet, with Regulating Slide . . . .90
105. Abscess Knife, with Aseptic Handle . . . .90
106. Manner of Holding the Lancet . . . . .91
107. Another Manner of Holding the Lancet . . . .91
108. Aseptic Bleeding Lancet . . . . . .91
109. Fleam with Aseptic Handle . . . . .91
110. Manner of Holding the Fleam . . . . .92
111. Trocar for Puncturing the Rumen . . . . .92
112. Trocar for Puncturing the Chest . . . . .92
113. Trocar for Puncturing the Bowel . . . . .92
114. Manner of Holding the Trocar . . . . 4 . 93
115. Aseptic Exploring Needle and Abscess Knife . . .93
116. Aseptic Exploring Needle . . . . • .94
117. Aseptic Trocar with Exploring Needle, Director, and Milking-
Tube 94
118. Subcutaneous Injection Syringe and Needles . . .94
119. Puncture Cautery . . . . . . .96
120. Esmarch’s Bandage and Tourniquet . . . .98
121. Field’s Tourniquet . . . . . . .98
122. Reliance Tourniquet . . . . . .98
XIV
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG.
123. Tourniquet used at the Royal Veterinary College
PAGE
. 98
124. Artery Forceps
. 103
125. Improved Artery Forceps .
.
. 103
126. Tenaculum
. 103
127. Dieffenbach’s Artery Clamp
. 103
128. Improved Artery Clamp .
. 103
129. Aseptic Artery Forceps (Pean’s) .
. 104
130. Aneurism Needle .
. 104
131. Ligating an Artery : Simple Knot
. 106
132. Applying a Ligature to an Artery
. 106
133. Ligature Properly Tied
. 106
134. Ligature Improperly Tied
. 106
135. Method of Making an Incision over an
Artery
. 107
136. Exposing an Artery
. 107
137. Passing the Ligature under an Artery
. 108
138. Ligating an Artery in its Continuity
. 108
139. Torsion of an Artery
. Ill
140. Torsion Forceps
•
. Ill
141. Aseptic Forcipressure Forceps (Spencer Wells)
. 112
142. Aseptic Forcipressure Forceps (Greig Smith)
. 112
143. Le Page’s Transfusor
. 114
144. Suture Instrument (Captain Russell)
145. Suture Needles for Thread
. 119
146. Suture Needles for Wire .
. 119
147. Needle- Holder, with Automatic Catch
. 120
148. Needle Forceps
. 120
149. Improved Suture Needle with Handle
. 120
150. Folding Tubular Suture Needle .
. 121
151. Pin-Holder
. 121
152. Interrupted Sutures : Tying
. 122
153. Interrupted Sutures : Tied
. 122
154. Looped Suture
. 123
155. Uninterrupted Suture
. 123
156. Twisted Suture : Figure of 8 Twist
. 124
157. Twisted Suture : Circular Twist .
. 124
158. Single Pin Suture .
. 125
159. Quilled Suture
. 125
160. Dossiled Suture
. 126
161. Zig-aag Suture
. 126
. 127
. 127
164. Pugh’s Suture Buttons
. 127
165. Dressing Forceps
. 130
166. Dressing Scissors .
. 130
167. Trimming Scissors
. 130
168. Syringe for Washing out Wounds
. 131
ILLUSTRATIONS.
XV
PIG.
169. Syringe for Injecting Fluid into Wounds
170. Caustic Holder .....
171. Aseptic Wound Syringe ....
172. Higginson's Syringe ....
173. Square Compress .....
174. Triangular Compress ....
175. Long Compress .....
176. Cravat Compress .....
177. Maltese Cross Compress ....
178. Half Maltese Cross Compress
179. Double-Tailed Compress ....
180. Treble-Tailed Compress ....
181. Graduated Compress ....
182. Perforated Compress
183. Bandage in Single Roll ....
184. Bandage in Double Roll ....
185. Manner of Rolling Bandage
186. Manner of Applying Spiral Bandage in Half-Twists
187. Simple Forehead Bandage : Front View .
188. Simple Forehead Bandage : Side View .
189. Compound Forehead Bandage : Front View
190. Compound Forehead Bandage : Side View
191. Monocular Bandage : Front View
192. Monocular Bandage : Side View .
193. Binocular Bandage : Front View .
194. Binocular Bandage : Side View .
195. Ear Bandage : Front View
196. Ear Bandage : Side View.
197. Throat Bandage .....
198. Bandage for Top of Neck ....
199. Bandage for Sides and Front of Neck
200. Bandage for Withers ....
201. Bandage for Back .....
202. Bandage for Croup ....
203. Bandage for Hip .....
204. Bandage for Testes, Form of
205. Bandage for Testes, Applied
206. Bandage for Perinamm ....
207. Bandage for Abdomen ....
208. Bandage for Chest. ....
209. Bandage for Breast . . * .
210. Bandage for Shoulder, Form of .
211. Bandage for Shoulder, Applied .
212. Bandage for Shoulder, Applied .
213. Bandage for Fractured Scapula .
214. Bandage for Elbow, Form of
PAGE
. 131 . 131 . 132 . 132
. 133
. 133
. 133 . 134 . 134 . 134
. 135
. 142
. 142
. 145 . 145 . 146
XVI
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG.
215. Bandage for Elbow, Applied ....
216. Bandage for Fore-Arm .....
217. Bandage for Knee ......
218. Bandage for Stifle ......
219. Bandage for Thigh, Form of
220. Bandage for Thigh, Applied ....
221. Bandage for Hock and Shank ....
222. Bandage for Hock and Shank, Applied .
228. Bandages for Dog : a, Bars ; b, Mammae
224. Duke’s Flushing Curette .....
225. Double Curette ......
226. Horse in Slings ......
227. Apparatus for Fractured Nasal Bones
228. Apparatus Applied .....
229. Apparatus for Fractured Lower Jaw
230. Apparatus for Fractured Lower Jaw, Applied
231. Apparatus for Fractured Lower Jaw, Applied
232. Splint for Fractured Horns ....
233. Splint Applied to Fractured Horn
234. Apparatus for Fractured Scapula ....
235. Apparatus Applied to the Shoulder
236. Iron Splint for Fractured Bones of Fore-Limb .
237. Iron Splint, Applied .....
238. Iron Splint for Fracture of the Lower Bones of the Limb
239. Iron Splint Applied to the Limb ....
240. Adjusting Splint for Luxations and Fractures of the Limb
241. Apparatus for Luxated or Deformed Fetlock
242. Movable Iron Splint .....
243. Iron Splint Bandaged on the Limb
244. Iron Splint for the Hind-Limb ....
245. Chain Ecraseur . • .
246. Dewar’s Chain Ecraseur, with Patent Catch
247. Wire Ecraseur . . . • .
248. Beach’s Universal Ecraseur . . .' .
249. Manner of Performing Quadrisectional Ligation
250. Ligatures Separated in Quadrisectional Ligation
251. Ligatures Tied in Quadrisectional Ligation
252. Ligating Male and Female Needles
253. Manner of Passing the Needles ....
254. Manner of Withdrawing the Male Needle
255. Manner of Formiiig the Double Loop
256. Manner of Withdrawing the Female Needle
257. Needles for Multiple Subcutaneous Ligation
PAGE
147 147
174 174 174
178 178 180 180 181 181
184 184 184 184 184
186 186 186
ILLUSTRATIONS .
xvii
265. Line Firing Iron ....... 189
266. Haemostatic Cautery ...... 189
267. Various Forms of Cauteries ..... 189
268. Designs for Cauterization ..... 190
269. Designs for Cauterization ...... 190
270. Lines in a Circle ....... 190
271. Lines in Two Directions ...... 190
272. Radiating Lines ....... 190
273. Lyre-Shaped Design ...... 190
274. The Various Arrangements of Cautery Lines . . .191
279. Cauterization in Points ...... 193
280. Beach’s Thermo-Cautery ...... 195
281. Seton Needle in Handle ...... 199
282. Seton Needle Curved Laterally . . * . . 199
283. Manner of Tying the End of a Seton .... 199
284. Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe ..... 205
285. Roux’s Aseptic Syringe and Needles . . . 206
286. Syringe for Blackquarter Vaccin .... 206
287. Syringe and Trocar for Intra-venous Injection . . . 207
288. Trocar for Intra-venous Injection .... 207
289. Dean’s Aspirator and Injector ..... 209
290. Rey’s Nasal Irrigator ...... 209
291. Anatomy of the Coccygeal Region .... 221
297. Bartlet’s Apparatus for the Tail ..... 227
298. Bartlet’s Tail Apparatus, Applied .... 227
299. Tail Support Applied ...... 228
301. Anatomy of the Long Vastus and Fascia Lata . . . 230
302. Periosteotomy Knife . ... . . . 233
303. Sharp-Pointed Tenotome ...... 234
304. Probe-Pointed Tenotome ...... 234
305. Tenotomy Spatula *. . . . . . 234
306. Inferior Part of Forearm showing Flexor Tendons . . 236 xviii ILLUSTRATIONS.
MG. PAGE
307. Internal Surface of Hock ...... 241
308. Hock with Probe under Cunean Tendon . . . .241
309. Vessels and Nerves of the Fore-Limb .... 245
310. Vessels and Nerves of the Fore-Limb .... 245 811. Plantar Nerve ....... 246
312. Aseptic Neurectomy Instruments .... 247
313. Aseptic Neurectomy Knife ..... 247
314. Aseptic Neurectomy Tenaculum ..... 247
315. Median Neurectomy ...... 250
316. Nerves of the Fore-Limb ...... 251
317. Ulnar Neurectomy ...... 252
318. Internal Nerves of the Hind-Limb .... 253
319. Posterior Tibial Neurectomy ..... 254
320. External Nerves of the Hind-Limb .... 255
322. Improved Amputating Saw . . . ... 257
323. Circular Amputation ...... 258
324. Flap Amputation . . . . . . 259
325. Oval or Oblique Amputation ..... 259
326. Aseptic Bone Forceps ...... 260
327. Docking Machine ....... 264
328. Improved Docking Machine ..... 265
329. Cautery for Tail ....... 265
330. Dishorning Shears ...... 267
331. Dishorner for Calves ...... 268
332. Removing the Horns of the Calf : First Stage . . . 268
333. Removing the Horns of the Calf : Second Stage . . 268
336. Curette Bullet Extractor ...... 271
338. Ordinary Trephine ...... 273
339. Brace and Bit Trephine ...... 274
340. Points for Opening the Facial Sinuses .... 275
342. Aseptic Trephine ....... 277
FLEMING’S TEXT-BOOK
OF
OPERATIVE VETERINARY SURGERY.
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