History and general views of the Sandwich Islands' mission

Front matter

M">riM:TY or thi n

H ISTORY

AND

Preface

lectured since my return, 1 have been induced to remodel those of my lectures thai were historical, and throw them into the form of this little volume. Wherever it may reach, I wish those who have bestowed favors upon me, to be assured of my kind remembrance and heartfelt gratitude. It is my present expectation to sail for the Sandwich Islands the ensuing autumn. If my limited time and imperfect heath shall permit, and my judicious friends advise it, I shall send you in some form my remaining lectures before I embark.

In the narrative, I have made an effort to be brief-— to state merely the main facts, That this unpretending volume may do good —enlist the efforts of Christians for our ruined race, is the aim and fervent prayer of

THE AUTHOR.

Chap. I. Early History •• - 13

Object aimed at. Obscurity of the early history. Origin of the Hawaiian Islands — of the people. Manner of spreading from island to island. Instances. Antiquity of the Hawaiian nation. Time of relapse into a state of heathenism, Tradition of ships seen from the islands. Earliest hints to Europeans of the islands. Discove ry ey Captain Cook. First impression on the islanders. Evils introduced. Wild notions. Their opinion of Captain Cook. — Anchorage of Captain Cook. Worship of Captain Cook. Dkath of Captain Cook. The body of Captain Cook. Sandal wood. Influence of early visitors. Kinds of evil influence. A horrid incident.

Chap. II. Early History continued - 3&>

Vancouver's visit. Intercourse with Vancouver. Unhappy incident. Cask of N. E. rum. A fact from the President's message. — Decrkake- of Population. Causes of decrease. Depth of degradation. Destitution described. Description of a poor man. Insensibility to sublime and beautiful scenery. Insensibility to scenes of n. t jestic awe, and terror. Eruption of the Volcano, Extreme poverty amidst the richest gifts of Qod. The distance up from heathenism to

V1U CONTENTS.

Christianity. To elevate the degraded a noble work.

Chap. III. Introduction of Christianity - - - . . 57

Gor> prf-pared the w.w*. Campiest of the islands by K \meiiamf.u* a. Jl.Mokiah. Sickness and aVaili of Kamkhamkha. The. manner in which lieatlun mourn for tin: dead. Concealment of the bones of KaaiejixMeiia. The kingdom descends to Liholiho. Adiilition of lnoi,\Ti>.v. The motives which led to it. Keakuaukalani ictuses to renounce idolatry. ''J' he eventful battle. Result, the answer of prayer. Ai;riv.*l *>f TiiK Fni-T Mtssi nariks. '1 heir leelinjis as they approach the islands. First intelligence they receive. First interview with the ship. Permission to icside on the islands. Missionaries' wives. Location of the missionaries.

Chap. IV. Progress of the Gospel - 75

Obstacles remaining. Misconception of the. truth communicated. Jealousy toward the missionaries. Instances of jealousy. Theinlluenc.es terulin: to subdue jea'ousy.

J\* I'KOnUCTION OF THE FlU\TI\("i* Pkefs.

Amazement oft he island rs at the art of writing. Anecdotes to dustrate it. Commencement of schools. Converts. Bartimkus, Other interesting conveits. Conduct oi the king Lni h.iiio. H s visit to Finland. I:hs Dkatii. Kawjumanu's character and conversion. War on Kauai. Christian efforts of rvaahumanu. II r feelings on the arrival of new missionaries.

Chap. V. Triumphs of the Gospel - 93

Era op Success. Attendance on fublic worship. Eagerness for books and schools

CONTENTS. DC

*>rtod and evil results of this state of popularity. Opposition from foreigners. Riotous scene of October, 1825. Other riotous scenes. Conduct of Pom. His Death. ' Christian character of Kaahum aim. HkR PKaCKFUL Of.X'VH. FlMeral sol -Bin it les, Apparent reverse. Finn lml J of the christian religion upon the people. Impracticability of every effort to revive idolatry. An incident to illustrate this fact. Story of Mapu. Favorable- effect of the apparent rover >e. Special iNTKiUM-'iriiiNs op God's p;;ovinBNtjB. Refusal of residence to the Roman O uholie missionaries. God's coust ant en re.

Chap. VI. Present state of improvement - -113

Contrast. Knowledge of Geography. Antnm'tic an i other sciences. YVriting, Priming. Auronomy. Schools. Civilized habits. Trial tor capital offences. Proper, y safe. Chanub in respect to murder, intemperance, and lewdness. Change in regaid to Ion. W RectiP, Infanticide, and LVlua fieri of Parents, desertion of the sick, and stoning of maniac-. Contrast. Power of the gospel. Revivals. Missionary spirit among the islanders Support of their own institutions. The gospel a perfect remedy.

Chap. VII. Peculiarities of mind - 131

Nature of the missionary work. No prescribed mode ot instruction. Obstacles. — The heathen an unthinking people. Destitution of terms to express religious subjects. No just i lea of a self-existent and holy God. Necessity of manufaciui dug tenus. Pre-oceupation of the mind with fa se notions. An illustration. Undue reliance on the good opinion of the missionary. The Custom ok

CONTENTS,

Thought-Telling. Difficulty of distinguishing true inquirers, Thought-telling accompanied with presents. An instance. Experiences of new converts. Deceptive ap-

pearanceSc

Chap. VIII. Methods of Instruction - 150

Distribution of the Scriptures, and of religious books and tracts. Itinerant preaching. Tour of Puna. Tour of Hilo. The world not to b^ converted cheap. Stated Pit bath - *NG. Houses of worship. Description of a congregation. Style of preaching. Review of sermons. Catechetical instructs n. Efforts with the young Missionary work, a work of toil. The work, notwithstanding all obstacles, very encouraging.

Chap. IX. Reasons for Schools - 168

Introductory remarks. The object which the mission has in vi» w. \\ oik an ong the American Indians* Causes that exterminate the heathen. Dubious prospect of heathen nations, A thorough system of education needed- School-* prepare the mind to hear the gospel. Conversion o*' scholars. To schools we look for future laborers Without schools the nation always in infancy A Variety of laborers must be trained in schools. The various means used in a christian village- A christian village reduced to heathenism. The vantage ground of a pastor at home above a missionary. The meansused at home, needed abroad, For the laborers needed we must look to schools. Schools must be thoroughly under christian influence. The prospect of Hawaiian children if left without schools. Education a barrier against Romanism. Native laborers trained in schools the hope of Poiynt&ia Reasons enumerated.

"CONTENTS. XI

€hap. X. Description of Schools - 197

System of schools. The same need of schools in other missionary fields. To educate all nations an immei.se work. Mission seminary. Ft-male seminary, Bor.rding school. Common schools. The feelings of missionaries deeply enlisted. Schools disbanded. An init'iestmg incident. ISoio the time to do much in schools.

Chap. XL The wide Field - - 209

The thought that suggested this chapter. The view aimed at. Reasons for it. Numerous islands of the Pacific. Two races. Three classes of islands. Former darkness. Present light. JNew Zealand. Isles of the SouihS. -as. Tahiti and Si ci»ty Islands. Discouragements. Special providence. Marked success. Extension of the gospel from the Society Is ands. A peculiar providence. ■Success at K^rutu. I tervey Islands. Geographical sketch. Aitutaki. Overthrow of idolatry. Mangaia. Landing of teachers, Success at. Mangaia. Atiu, Mitiaio, ami Mauke. Rejection of idols. Raroionga* Landing of native teachers at Rarotonga, Courage and devotion of Papeiha. Overthrow of idolatry. Singular testimony of a Tahitian woman. Planting of inreign missionaries at Jkaroionga. Names of the Samoa Islands. Favoring providences. Second vi>it to the islands. Desire for teachers, Arrival of foreign missionaries. Friendly Islands. Hapai Islands. Vavau Islands. Dang m'ous Archipelago. Marquesas Islands. Use of the fails nai rated. Not a small cn~ tei prise. Masked hy God's special favor- Safety secured to ships- More glorious results. Importance of mission seminaries.

Xll CONTENTS

PAGE

Chap. XII. The late revival - -254

State of feeling in 1836. Deep feeling for the world's conversion in 1837. Afflictive dispensations. Commencement of the great revival. Protracted meeting at Wailukiu Progress and power of the work. Number of hopeful conversions during the year 1828. Difference of practice in admitting members Character of converts. Means used. Large congregati. ns. Immense labor and resj onsibility. Interesting scenes. The duty yf praise,

SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Chapter I. Early History

Object aimed at.

In entering upon a brief narrative of the Sandwich Islands' Mission, we may appropriately call to mind the expression of the Prophet, c For behold the darkness shall cover the Earth, and gross darkness the People : but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee? —Darkness, thick darkness, once covered the Sandwich Islanders. Now the light and glory of the Lord our God is seen upon them.

Let me first lead you back to the early history of the islands. The object aimed at in doing so is to exhibit the people just as they were without the influence of the religion of Jesus. This is of the more importance, because, if you can appreciate the 2

Obscurity of tne early history.

condition of one heathen nation, you can form some just view of the whole pagan world. A plain statement of facts, it is believed, will be the most correct and graphic description of their former degraded and destitute condition. Look, then, at the Hawaiians as they were, and from them judge of a large portion of the human race.

The early history of the Hawaiian nation is involved in uncertainty. It could not be otherwise with the history of a people entirely ignorant of the art of writing. Traditions, indeed, are abundant ; but traditions are a mass of rubbish, from which it is always difficult to extricate truth. Yery little can be ascertained with certainty, beyond the memory of the present generation, and the records of Europeans who first visited the islands.

The origin of the Hatvaiian Islands is matter of conjecture. Some think that where the islands are now, was once nothing but the rolling ocean — that the whole group, with their iron-bound coasts and snow-crested mountains, were thrown up from the depth below by volcanic agency. The is-

Origin of the Hawaiian islands— of tho p ople.

lands are merely masses of lava. No rock that has not been thoroughly burnt to a cinder or melted to lava, has ever been found on the whole group. Even the soil, is decomposed lava. Craters of extinct volcanoes are every where to be seen on all the islands — some are partially extinct, continuing to emit smoke ; and one presents a lake of raging fire, with occasional irruptions of awful grandeur. Such is the character not only of the Hawaiian Islands, but of many groups of islands in the Pacific Ocean. From these appearances the opinion is formed that the islands are of volcanic origin. But, what most deeply concerns us, is, that these islands, however formed, are the residence of immortal beings like ourselves, destined to Heaven or to Hell.

The origin of the people of Hawaii is somewhat uncertain. This, however, we know, that they are evidently of the same race with the inhabitants of most of the various groups of islands in the East Pacific. The people of New Zealand, the Society and Tahiti Islands, the Harvey Islands, the Friendly Islands, the Navigator's Islands ?

Manner of spreading from island to island.

the Marquesas Islands, the Sandwich Islands, and some others of the same range, ex hibit the same features, the same manners and customs, and speak substantially the same language. This circumstance is an amazing facility in propagating the gospel over the wide Pacific, and is therefore a fact of immense interest to all who pray for the coming of Christ's kingdom.

From which continent, or what portion of either continent, this extensive range of Polynesia was peopled, is a question of some interest. And we have but little hesitation in saying that they originated from the Malay coast. Their features and color are the same with the Malays, and many words in their language very much the same. The manner in which they spread abroad over the ocean, from island to island, is easily conjectured. Canoes filled with men and women, in passing from place to place or from one island to another of the same group, are sometimes blown out to sea and from sight of land. Then they are liable to wander about on the bosom of the deep, and perish, or fall in with some other group of islands. Many instances of this kind have occurred recently. Individuals were found on the Navigator's Islands, at the visit of Mr. Williams, who had wandered in this way from a small island south of the Society group. Others were found on the Navigator's Islands, who had wandered from Rarotonga, one of the Harvey group. Christianity was introduced at Rurutu in this way, one of the islands of the South Pacific. Two enterprising chiefs of Rurutu left the island on account of an epidemic, and went to Tabuai. On returning from Tabuai they were overtaken with a violent storm, and driven from their course. For three weeks they wandered they knew not whither, till at length they fell upon the coral reef of Maurua, the most westward of the Society Islands, became acquainted with the gospel, and were safely returned to their native isle.

A Japanese junk lately came ashore in this way on the Island of Oahu — some of the crew were alive. In this manner, probably, the untold islands in the broad ocean have been peopled with immortal beings. 2*

IB EARLY HISTORY

Antiquity of the Hawaiian nation.

The antiquity of the Hawaiian nation is very considerable. There have always been some persons, appointed by government from time immemorial, whose special business it has been to preserve unimpaired the genealogy of their kings. This genealogy embraces the names of seventy-seven kings. Stories are connected with most of this long list of kings, which doubtless are a mixture of truth, forgetfulness, and fancy,

The Christian is curious to inquire at what time the people relapsed into a state of heathenism. We know that all the inhabitants of the earth descended from Noah. The children of Noah and some generations down must have known the great Jehovah, and the leading principles of true religion. There was a time, of course, when the ancestors of the Hawaiian nation were acquainted with the true God and the service which he requires. When did the ancestors of the Hawaiian nation relapse into a state of heathenism ? The only answer is, from time immemorial. The most ancient tradition bears no mark of a better state. According to tradition, their idol worship or

OF TOE SANDWICH ISLANDS. 19

Time of relapse into a state of heathenism.

tabu system was in force as early as the reign of their first kings ; and its origin is imputed to the vilest and fiercest passions. It is represented as a price paid to the gods for license to commit crime — a characteristic common to pagan nations the world over. Ail their traditions, however remote, hear the impress of degradation, pollution, and blood. For many generations, then, or farther back than tradition can trace, they had been sinking deeper and deeper in all that hardens the heart to deeds of cruelty, and in all that degrades and brutalizes both the body and the soul. Like a sinking weight, they had sunk lower and lower ; and like a malignant disease, their case had become more and more inveterate. The state of heathen society cannot, from the nature of the case, be stationary. It is even worse now than when described by the Apostle Paul. Who can measure the immense depths to which for ages sinking the degraded islanders had sunk, and to which Satan, in his undisturbed efforts for many centuries, had succeeded in reducing them. And how immense the multitude who sunk to a cheerless grave and

Tradition of ships seen from the Islands.

to a dark eternity before the light of the gospel beamed upon them !

At length it pleased God, for high and benevolent purposes, as later history shows, that the Hawaiian Islands should come to the knowledge of civilized nations. Tradition speaks of several ships seen from the islands before their discovery by Captain Cook ; and it speaks of some wrecked there before that time. The following is a tradition of this kind :

In the reign of Kealiiokaloa, king of Hawaii, a vessel was wrecked at Pale in the district of Keei. The captain and his sister gained the shore. They sat down upon the beach, and seemed to be overwhelmed with sorrow. They remained sitting upon the beach for along time, with their heads bowed down with grief. Therefore the name of that place is called Kalou (bowing down) till the present day. At night-fall, the people of the place received them into their houses, and offered them their usual foad ; but the strangers made signs of refusal. They then offered the bread fruit and the banana, which they received with joy. They

Earliest hint to Europeans of the Islands.

soon became habituated to the islands, and mingled with the native population.

The earliest hint to Europeans of such a group as the Sandwich Islands, seems to have been somewhat as follows : It is said, in a work of authority, that, thirty-seven years before the arrival of Captain Cook, a Manila vessel was captured by Lord Anson, and that on board that vessel Lord Anson found a chart on which some islands were newly marked of the latitude and longitude of the Hawaiian Islands, and called by a Spanish name.

But the islands were never considered as discovered, till the arrival of Captain Cook at Kauai, one of the leeward islands of the group, in the year 1778.

I shall give some account hereof the visit of Captain Cook, with the design of developing the utter ignorance, the entire destitution, and deep degradation of the islanders ; and of exhibiting, to some extent, the influence of foreigners. Facts incidentally brought to light by a historical narrative, have more force with us than direct assertions : and facts in regard to one heathen

Discovery by Captain Cook.

people throw light on the state of the whole pagan world.

The first island of the group discovered by Captain Cook was Kauai, and the place of his anchorage was at Waimea. The ship anchored in the night, and in the morning, when the natives on shore saw the strange sight, they were filled with amazement and wild conjecture. At the first sight they called it ?noku } (island,) and that is their name for a ship to the present day. And then, as they gazed at a distance at its towering masts and branching spars, one exclaimed : It is a forest that has moved out into the sea.

The chiefs commanded some of their men to go in canoes, and ascertain what this wonderful thing might be. They approached so near as to survey the different parts of the ship and the men on board, and returned with the most eloquent and wild description. They spoke of the foreigners with the utmost wonder and amazement — of the whiteness of their skin, the appearance of their eyes, the fitting of their apparel, the shape of their hats, and the unintelligible charac

First impression on the Islanders.

ter of their language. But this was but the beginning of their wonder. The succeeding night there was a discharge of cannon on board, and a display of fireworks. The people were filled with confusion and terror, concluded that the foreigners were superior beings, called the captain a god, and, on account of the fireworks, gave him the name of Lono, the god of the volcano. Ever since, even to the present day, Lono is the common appellation of Captain Cook throughout the islands. So utterly rude at that time were all the notions of the ignorant Hawaii an s.

An impression of wonder and of dread having been made, Captain Cook and his men found little difficulty in having such intercourse with the people as they chose. In regard to that intercourse, it was marked, as the world would say, with kindness and humanity. But it cannot be concealed that here and at this time was dug the grave of the Hawaiian nation. Sin and death were the first commodities imported to the Sandwich Islands. As though their former ruin were not sufficient, Christian nations super-

Ev'ls introduced.

added a deadlier evil. That evil is sweeping the population to the grave with amazing rapidity. And it is yet to be seen whether the influence of Christianity on the rising race shall stay that desolation.

Kauai was the only island discovered by Captain Cook on his first visit. He sailed thence to the north-west coast of America. In November following he returned, and fell in with other islands of the group. Early in the morning his ship was seen off the eastern shore of Maui. As it approached, the people gazed with immense curiosity. They noticed with great particularity its masts, its sails, and every part of the ship. But what struck them with peculiar awe and dread were its many yawning port-holes, for they had heard from Kauai, that from these openings issued smoke, fire, and a noise like thunder.

A messenger had previously arrived in a canoe from Kauai, the island first visited by Captain Cook, and had given a description of the foreigners and of their ship. The account he gave, as handed down by tradition, shows the wildness of their first impress-

Wild nnti( ions, the rudeness of all their notions, and their entire and deep ignorance.

The people inquired of the messenger respecting the strangers. He replied, (as tradition says, with grains of exaggeration no doubt,) u The men are white — their skin is loose and folding," (mistaking their garments for their skin, as they themselves in their utter poverty and ignorance of civilized manners had no conception of a well-fitted garment,) "their heads are strangely shaped," (mistaking at a distance their hats for their heads, as they in their rude condition had no idea of such a covering) — ■" they are gods, gods of the volcanoe, for fire and smoke issue from their mouths," (a mistake gathered at a distant view from the smoking of cigars) — "they have doors in the sides of their bodies," (mistaking their pockets for openings into their bodies.) "into these openings they thrust their hands, and take thence many valuable things — their bodies are full of treasure." Then he spoke of the unintelligible language of the foreigners, and gave a terrific account of the discharge

Tlwi) opinion of ( ;ni|;!i!i('(ii.\

of cannon and the display of fire-works, which had been exhibited at Kauai.

This account, so lull of wonder, was spread throughout the islands with great rapidity. ] give it hereto show theii utter ignorance of civdized life. The repoil b.ad spread abroad; and on the return of Captain Cook, both chiefs and people were disposed to receive him as a god.

Captain Cook proceeded from Aiani to the large island of Hawaii. As he approached the island, some of the natives ventiued olf in canoes, and gazed at the ship at a distance. They saw the strange"-, '-:mg something red, and pionoumod <t th" iv.w flesh of men: they saw (ire ahoul their mouths, and supposed it, a-* lhe\ had heard, to issue from within their bodies. They returned to the shore, and reported dial il.e men on board were gods---:mds of f'a- volcanoe. That which th.-y -aipj.o ed o bo the raw flesh of men, was die led con? of the water mellon, brought fro u Monferei, to which they were then entire shang* rs ; and the fire, of course, wa> from cigars.

Captain Cook, after passing around the

Anchorage, of Captain Cook.

island, anchored at Kealakeakua. The week that he arrived was with them a sacred week; and, according- to custom, no canoe could he launched without the penalty of death. But when the natives saw the ship of Captain Cook coming to anchor, they concluded that if the gods sailed during the sacred week, it was proper for them to do the same, and immediately launched their canoes.

How unbounded the influence of foreign visitors upon the ignorant inhabitants of the Pacific ! If the thousands of our countrymen who visit that ocean were actuated by the pure principles of the religion of Jesus, how irn uense the good they might accomplish ! But, alas! how few visitors to the western hemisphere are actuated by such principles !

Captain Cook allowed himself to be worshipped as a god. The people of Kealakeakua declined trading with him, and loaded his ship freely with the best productions of the island. The priests approached him in a crouching attitude, uttering prayers, and exhibiting all the formalities of wor

Worship of Captain Cook.

ship. When he went on shore, most of the people fled for fear of him and others bowed down before him, with solemn reverence. He was conducted to the house of the gods, and into the sacred enclosure, and received there the highest homage. In view of this fact, and of the death of Captain Cook, which speedily ensued, who can fail being admonished to give to God at all times, and even among barbarous tribes, the glory which is his due ? Captain Cook might have directed the rude and ignorant natives to the great Jehovah, instead of receiving divine homage himself. If he had done so. it would have been less painful to contemplate his death.

I shall speak here of the death of Captain Cook as it developes some traits of the heathen character, and the influence under which the heathen suffer from foreign intercourse.

After Captain Cook had thoroughly recruited his ship, he put out to sea ; but after a day's sail, he found that one of his masts was defective, and returned to refit it. On his return the people were friendly,

~~"~~~ I>*-mli hi rai»t;v;n Cook.

but not so cordial as before. An uneasiness existed in the minds of the natives, from the loss of provisions, bestowed without compensation, and on account of the alienation of their wives, occasioned by the protracted stay of the ship's crew. There was then a sensitiveness which bordered on. hostility, and needed only a fit occasion to become so.

Some men of Captain Cook used violence to tine canoe of a certain young chief, whose name was Palea. A skirmish ensued, and Pa lea was struck with the paddle of a canoe, and levelled with the ground.

Soon after, Palea stole a boat from Captain Cook's ship. The theft is imputed to revenge.

Captain Cook commanded Kalaniopnn, the king of the island, to make search for the boat, and restore it. The king could not restore it, for the natives had already broken it in pieces to obtain the nails, which were to them the articles of the greatest value.

Captain Cook came on shore with armed men to take the king on board, and to keep 3*

Death of Captain Cook.

him there as security till the boat should be restored.

In the mean time a canoe came from an adjoining district, and passed near the ship. In the canoe were two chiefs of some rank, Kekuhaupio and Kalimu. From some misunderstanding, not distinctly known, the canoe was fired upon from the ship, and Kalimu was killed. Kekuhaupio made the greatest speed till he reached the place of the king, where Captain Cook also was, and communicated the intelligence of the death of the chief. The attendants of the king were enraged, and showed signs of hostility ; but were restrained by the thought that Captain Cook was a god. At that instant a warrior, with a spear in his hand, approached Captain Cook, but not in a hostile attitude. But Captain Cook, from the enraged appearance of the multitude, was suspicious of him, and fired upon him with his pistol. Then followed a scene of confusion, and in the midst of it Captain Cook struck a certain chief with his sword, whose name was Kalaimanokahoowaha, The chief instinctively seized Captain Cook

The body of Captain Cook.

with a strong hand, designing merely to hold him, and not to take his life; for he supposed him to be a god. Captain Cook struggled to free himself from the grasp, and was thrown upon the earth. As he fell, he uttered a groan, and the people immediately exclaimed, "He groans — he is not a god," — and instantly slew him. Such was the melancholy death of Captain Cook.

Immediately the men in the boat fired upon the crowd. They had refrained before for fear of killing their captain. Many of the natives were killed. In vain did the ignorant natives hold up their frail leaf mats to ward off the bullets.

The body of Captain Cook was carried into the interior of the island, the bones secured according to their custom,and the flesh burnt in the fire. The heart, liver, &c, of Captain Cook were stolen and eaten by some hungry children, who mistook them in the nig ht for the inwards of a dog. The names of the children were Kupa, Mohoole, and Kaivvikokoole. They are now aged men, and reside within a few miles of the station of Lahaina. Some of the bones oi

Hamial worn!.

Captain Cook wen; sent on board hU ship, in compliance with the urgent demands of the officers ; and some were kept by the priests as objects of worship.

For several years after this melancholy event no ship visited the islands. The opinion was abroad that the inhabitants were exceedingly treacherous and bloody. At length, in the reign of Kamehameha, a ship arrived, and carried away an impression very different from that which formerly existed. After that the visits of ships were frequent. But, to our reproach it must be recorded, that it was no benevolent motive which sent thither our shipping, but the love of money. The sandal wood was found there. Immortal souls had been found before, but they presented no motive to o u r e i iter p r i s e . S ; 1 n d a I w o o d w as discovered, and our ships were soon on the wing. Vast quantities of that article were obtained for mere trifles — carried to Canton, and sold for a high price, where it is used — the larger sticks made into fancy articles of furniture, and the smaller pieces burnt as incense to the gods.