The achievements of Stanley and other African explorers : comprising all the late and really great achievements won in the exploration of the vast unknown region of equatorial Africa ...

Front matter

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Introduction

Att explorations in Africa in former years were made by travelers simply to gratify curiosity or from a desire to penetrate beyond lines reached by other men. All the results they desired or expected to achieve were amusement and fame. But in later years they have assumed an entirely different aspect. From Livingstone, who first began to open up the “dark continent,” to Cameron and Stanley, who pierced its very heart, all the explorations have tended to one great end—the civilization and Christianization of the vast population that inhabits it. No matter what the ruling motives may have been in each—whether, as in Livingstone, to introduce Christianity ; or, in Baker, to put a stop to the slave trade; or, in Stanley, to unlock the mystery of ages—the tendency has been the same: to bring Africa into the family of continents instead of being the earth’s “pariah ;” to throw light on this black spot of our planet, and make those who inhabit it practically and morally what they are really—a portion of the human race.

The men who have contributed most to this great end are those whose explorations are traced in this volume. As in all books of travel there is much that is merely personal, and a great deal, though necessary to accurate geography and natural science, yet is of no interest to the ordinary reader, one is able to curtail them without in any way lessening their intrinsic value. So, also, the incidents and adventures of any special interest may be grouped together without all those minute details that go to make up a daily journal. In fact, the great drawback to the interest one

Vi INTRODUCTION.

takes in a book of travels, is, those tedious details that go so far toward making it up. What the traveler thinks worthy of recording, is not always what the reader deems worthy of perusal. There are also meteorological observations, geological theories, dissertations on language and ethnological questions and statistics, that may be more or less valuable, and yet possess little interest to the general reader. All these may be left out or results alone given, without not only not injuring the book, but really adding to its interest.

We have acted on this theory in giving in one volume the contents of seven. In doing this, we have endeavored to leave out nothing of real value to the general reader, but, on the contrary, to make the narrative, by being more consecutive and direct, more interesting. The truth is, the trouble is not to make a large book of travels, but a compact, racy and readable one. The tendency always is to expand too much—to spread a little matter over a large space. The works of the travelers mentioned in this volume cover different ground, and hence each one possesses an interest peculiar to itself, while all tend to the same end. A person, therefore, who reads the narrative of only one, gets but a partial idea of what has been going on in Africa for the last few years. It is desirable to know all, and yet few can buy all the expensive books of the various travelers. We have in this work endeavored to meet that want, so that one, at a moderate expense, can acquaint himself with all that has been lately achieved in Africa, as well as obtain a thorough knowledge of the habits and customs of the various people and tribes that inhabit that continent.

Acknowledgment is due and is hereby tendered to Messrs, Scribner & Co. for their kind permission to draw from Mr. Stanley’s first volume, “How I Found Livingstone,” in the preparation of this work,

LABLE, OF CONTENTS,

Chapter I

PAGE How republican institutions develop character—Webster, Clay, Lincoln, Grant and Stanley—The latter anative of Wales—Educated in a poor-house —Becomes a teacher—Ships as a cabin-boy to New Orleans—Adopted by a merchant and takes his name—Lives in the Arkansas forest—Given up as dead by his adopted father—Returns on board a Mississippi flat-boat— Death of his father without making a will—Life with the miners and Indians—Enters the Confederate army—Is taken prisoner—Enlists in the United States navy—Goes to join the Cretans to fight against Turkey— Robbed by brigands—Travels—Visits his native place—Gives the children of the poor-house a dinner—Makes an address—Herald correspondent in — the war between England and Abyssinia—Beats the governmental messenger—Sent to Spain as war correspondent—Receives a startling telegram from Mr. Bennett to come to Paris—Hasty departure—Affectionate parting with children—Singular interview with Mr. Bennett—Accepts the leadership of an expedition to find Livingstone—His peculiar fitness for the undertaking—His remarkable qualities as exhibited in this and in his Just marchiacross ALTiCad.\Jscjseeceds20sccerssseertns tenses sa turhacchae ome a goers 19

CHAPTER Il.

“The Dark Continent’”—Description of it—Difficulties of exploring it— Hatred of white men—The first real encroachment made by a missionary —Description of the portion to be explored—lIts articles of commerce—Its

Chapter III

Outlines of Liyingstone’s explorations during a period of nearly thirty years —First exploration—Crosses the continent from west to east—His second expedition—The last—His supposed death—Sympathy for him—Indifference of the British Government to his fate—Bennett’s bold resolution to send Stanley after Wim...........s:ssssseeceseeseeceeseeesceeeeenseeeenaeneeerereneeercees

Chapter IV. Page

Stanley’s search for Livingstone—Lands at Zanzibar—Organizes his expedition—The start—Stanley’s feelings—The march—lIts difficulties—Men sick—Delays—Meeting with a chief—Dialogue on the burial of a horse— Loss of his bay horse—Sickness and desertion—Terrible traveling—A hospitable chief—A gang of slayes—African belles—A ludicrous spectacle —A queer superstition—Punishment of a deserter—A ludicrous contrast— A beautiful country—News from Livingstone—A walled town—Stanley abbaekiod swith Sov Otic. ses.0: conus euncesqek oseeteweadeed on uoed cee ces eee 55

Chapter V

The rainy season sets in—Disgusting insects—The cook caught stealing— His punishment and flight—The march—Men dispatched after the missing cook—Their harsh treatment by the sultana of the walled town—A hard march—Crossing the Makata river—The rainy season ended—Five miles of wading—An enchanting prospect—Reaches his third caravan, and finds it demoralized—Shaw, its leader, a drunken spendthrift—Delays the march—Stanley’s dispatch to him—Lake, Ugombo—Scene between Stanley and Shaw at breakfast, the latter knocked down—Attempt to murder Stanley—Good advice of an Arab sheikh—A feast—Farquhar left be- MUGHUCL oys esate seh ses PH Sd gees mst hhec ce apa re ce pe ee 70

Chapter VI

Three of his caravans meet—A waterless desert traversed—Stanley down with the fever—A land of plenty and of extortion—A populous district— A modern Hercules—An African village—Stanley curbs his temper for economy’s sake—A good sultan—News from one of hig caravans—Curious natives—Flogged by Stanley into proper behavior—Salt plains—Stanley stops to doctor himself—A curious visit from a chief—A noble African tribe—A mob—Quarrel over the route to be taken—Settled by Stanley— A merry march—Condensation of Stanley’s account of the character of the country and the tribes of Central Aftican...........ssceseseseecceececes.c... 90

Chapter VII

Reception in Unyanyembe—His house—Reports of the Chiefs of his caravans —A feast—Luxurious living of the Arabs--Arab country—War against Mirambo, in which Stanley becomes an ally—Is taken sick—Bombay thrashed—Stanley joins the Arab army—Capture of Mirambo’s stronghold—Villages laid ‘waste—Mirambo’s revenge—Arabs defeated and

PAGE, Btanley left alone—Is sick—Final departure—-His indomitable will and courage—A touching extract form his journal—Deserters—Shaw, the last white man, left behind—Corpses on the road—Mollifies a sullen chief —Strong medicine—A ludicrous scene—The paradise of hunters—A right Mo yal mntsy stale setecdsarcwecssigs sarane seicav’on ssaGine sass cs suteanisa Rises Sees saaneasseeseatr 118

Chapter VIII

A beautiful picture—A mutiny—Narrow escape of Stanley—Saved by his prompt courage—Swift punishment of the leaders of the mutiny—Exciting news from Ujiji—Difficulties in the way—Resolves to go round the next village—Stealthy marching—A new danger—Vain attempt to stop a woman’s screaming—Rapid marching—Stanley startled by the sound of waves bursting in rocky caverns—An unexpected danger—Narrow escape —The end approaches—Hurrab.......1...52....se.cesssesseeserederersenssresetecenesens 134

Chapter IX

View of the Tanganika—First sight of Ujiji—The American Flag—Livingstone’s servants—Dr. Livingstone, I presume—The meeting—Livingstone’s letter-bag—A budget of news—Bringing new life—The cook’s excitement —Livingstone’s deplorable condition—The dream realized..........ssse-+e+6 143

Chapter X

Rest at Ujija—Stanley’s love for Livingstone the best eulogium on his own character—The night—The morning interview—Life with Livingstone— Survey the Tanganika together—Livingstone accompanies Stanley to Unyanyembe—The long march—Life in the place—Preparations for parting—The last breakfast—The last sad farewell — Stanley’s homeward march—Its perils—Inundations—Makata Swamp—Terrible marching— Stanley sends off for relief—Its arrival—Bagomayo reached at last— Noisy entrance—Stanley’s joy—It is suddenly dashed—Cruel conduct of the press—Start for home..........:seeeerseesecees wakes Pcectast auaeer ae ae stan aes 160

Chapter XI

The Expedition of the Khedive of Egypt to suppress the slave trade—Sir Samuel W. Baker placed at the head of it—Extent of the slave trade— outfit of the expedition—Preparations on .a grand scale—The army—The rendezvous at Khartoum—Failure on the part of the Khedive—The expedition starts—Obstacles met—Cutting channels for the fleet—Slow, toilsome work—A hippopotamus charges the vessel—Men become sick—Baker shoots a hippopotamus—A crocodile killed—The expedition permanently stopped—Discouragements........sssseseccreceessserecerennee secerscesennes iocedeowsenss

Chapter XII

PAGB, Baker's heroic wife—A slaver caught—A sickening spectacle—Freedom— Description of the camp—A cargo of slaves discovered—Slaves freed— Wholesale matrimony—Exploring the White Nile—A new start—A new lake—The White Nile reached at last—A fierce night attack by a hippopotamus—A thrilling scene—Gondokoro at last reached....................... 193

CHAPTER XIIL

The country formally taken possession of—War at last—A night attack on a native village—Disaffection in the army—Attacked by crocodiles—An old man-eater killed—A campaign against the enemy—The army propose to return home—Baker obtains corn and restores subordination—The army greatly reduced—A fight—Target-shooting at men..........ceseesceseeececeees.. 216

Chapter XIV

Vessels leave for Khartoum with the inyalids—Abdullah’s villainy—Exnloring the White Nile—Meeting a friendly tribe—Interview with the Sheik Sorcery and Talismans—Magic—An elephant hunt—Its moral effects— Scramble for the flesh—The tribes seek peace—Elephants enter the fort— A wild scene—Elephants gathering fruit—An adventure with a hippopotamus—The country at peace—Baker resolves to start BOWED, bocce coors 235

Chapter XV

The determination to adyance—A desperate position—Soldiers draw the carts to Labore—A beautiful country—The future capital of Africa— Reaches Fatiko—power of music over the natives—Grotesque dancing of naked women—Starts for Unyoro—Beautiful country depopulated—Pro- SIME DORA LETINP LONG. scone ones nstsnssscimna eee 253

CHAPTER XVL

The start—Exodus of the white ants—A great luxury—A beautiful country —-Masindi—-King Abba Rega—His walk and appearance—The interview —Buffoons—Queer result of a lecture on the slave trade—A station commenced— Planting yegetables—The king’s visit —Magnetic battery—- Photographs—A curious interview—Formal annexation of the country— Sends off a part of his force—Commerce established-—Vegetables planted —Dark omens—A drunken king—Asks after Livingstone—A fort built... 265

Chapter XVII

The troops poisoned—A sudden attack—The town set on fire—A sad apeos tacle-— Baker discouraged—A perilous position—Fears of Abdullah— Hypocrisy of Abba Rega— Presents pass between him and Baker— Treachery—A narrow escape—Baker’s quarters set on fire—A second attack—The neighboring villages set on fire—Forethought of Baker's wife —Preparations to start for Rionga...........0ssscssvsccossssesessessessoowecsenscees 275

Chapter XVIII

The start—The station fired—The march—The country aroused—An ambuscade—Howarte speared—Second day’s march—A sharp fight—Stripped for the race—Constant fighting—EHating the enemy’s liver—Foweera at last reached—Iinterview with the king—His appearance—Baker offers to make him ruler over the territory of Abba Rega—A treaty made—Sealed by drinking each others’ blood—Baker resolves to return to Fatiko— Arrival of messengers with bad naws—The return—The wife compelled to walk—Arrival at Fatiko—-Treachery—The attack—Flight and pursuit— The victory—Baker turns surgeon..........sssscseccesvseeees eseoneeetedoaan teenaeets 286

Chapter XIX

Arrival of Cannibals——Children deyoured—Small-pox disperses them—A grand hunt—The mode of conducting it by nets and fire—The result— Life at Fatiko—The second hunt—Killing a lion—-A woman’s rights meeting——A happy community, in which neither religious dagmas or law cases enter—News from Livingstone—King Mtesa—Arrival of reinforcements—Bad military conduct—Baker writes out a set of rules for Abdullah and starts for home—Releases captive women and children—aAn expression of gratitude not asked for—Kissed by a naked beauty—Concluding remarks —A missionary’s outfit—Official report—A handsome tribute to his wife

Chapter XX

Cameron’s expedition—Its origin—Change of leaders—Difficulties at the outset-—Start—A tall and manly race—Naked savages—News from Livingstone—A methuselah—The country improved—Unyanyembe reached —Occupies Stanley’s house—A slave auction—Sickness and discourage- \’ ments—A stunning blow—Livingstone dead—Death of Dillon — Despondent thoughts—A desperate resolve—Crossing the Lugungwa—Ujjiji... 322

Chapter XXI

PAGE, Cameron pushes on to the Lualaba, and resolves to follow it to the sea—It has no connection with the Nile system—No canoes to be had—Tipo-Tipo —Handsome women—Inquisitiveness of the women—Stopped by a ruse— Interview with King Kasongo—Resolves to visit some curious lakes—Attacked by the natives—Contracts with a slave-trader to take him to the coast—Explorations of lakes—Houses built in the lakes—Description of Kasongo and his character and habits—His harem—The rules that govern it—The religion of the country—A curious bridal ceremony—Floating islands—The Congo route abandoned..............ssecereceseecesersees sdemacnoctecse 346

Chapter XXII

The departure—Character of the caravan—Horible ceremonies at the burial of a chief of Urua—Start of the caravyan—Its bad conduct—Joined by a slave-gang—Its sorrowful appearance—The camps of the carayan—Dreary marching—Appearance of the country—Naked women dressing their hair elaborately—Arrival at Alvez village—The luxury of coffee, onions and

~soap—Reduced state of Cameron’s men—Reaches a Portuguese trader’s house—A festival—A lascivious dance—Beautiful scenery—Interview with King Kongo—Cameron’s sufferings begin—Desperate condition—A forced march to the sea with a few men—First sight of the sea—His welcome—His dangerous sickness—Visit to the consul at Loanda—Men sent to Zanzibar—His return home—The slave trade.........ssceccccececceeceeceeceees 359

Chapter XXIII

Stanley thinks of Africa and Livingstone’s unfinished work—Determines to complete it—Takes a boat of his own along—At Zanzibar again—Starts for the interior—Takes a new route—The country passed through—Deserted by his guides—Loses the path—A painful march—Starvation and death—A gloomy prospect—Two young lions killed and made into broth —A trunk used for a kettle—A painful spectacle—Men sent off for food at last return—Joy of the camp—The march—A new type of natives—Naked beauty—Sickness and death—Death of Edward Pocoke—His burial— Stanley’s letter to his father—A man murdered—Itwru reached—A populous plain—Intercourse with the people—A magic doctor......cccccessseeeeee 377

Chapter XXIV

The camp—View from it—Hostile demonstration—A three days’ fight—A massacre—A modern Sodom—A terrible vengeance—Twenty-one of the expedition killed—A complete ruin—Provisions obtained—The march re-

PAGE sumed—Only a hundred and ninety-four men left out of three hundred with which he started—A gloomy out-look—Mistaken for Mirambo—The Nyanza reached at last—A description of the country he had passed TRLOWS rcagas sae eecden Snvecet wees does cent Mole Deceaca nate ohne doaaden csaeste Me Aedes 392

Chapter XXV

Mustering his force—The death roll—Selecting a crew of eleven men, he sets sail—Leaves the camp in charge of Pocoke and Barker—“Speke’s Bay ”—Coasting northward--Shimeeyu River—A large island—Description of the shores and people—Strange stories told him—A lonely channel —Superstition of the natives—* Bridge Island”—Under the equator— Stanley looked upon as a being from another world—Fleeing from hippopotami—Treachery—A narrow escape—Three quarters of the lake tho- OUP ON plOLe scams steve etamaneae staaprsstder sncessiioes Moca seann a seeimen tse 5 cclnea 404

Chapter XXVI

Stanley the first white man that ever sailed round the Victoria Nyanza —Establishes the southern source of the Nile—Treachery of the natives— Stanley’s revenge—A hostile fleet scattered by him—Three men killed— Two singular islands—The Ripon Falls—The Nile—Curious inlets— —Mtesa, king of Uganda—His reception of Stanley—Imposing ceremonies —A noble native monarch—His capital—His army and large territory— Half converted to Christianity by Stanley—Anxious to have missionaries sent to his country—Stanley’s mode of sending them, and the kind of men they should be—A mission established and broken up—False statements in the papers about it corrected..........++ Rete csercons sacha pe ceeenrcemmeaaec 413

Chapter XXVII

Stanley continues his explorations—Drunken natives—A suspicious reception—A peaceful night—A wild waking up—A startling spectacle—Hurried departure—Magassa’s fleet-—Lack of food—A fearful storm—Bumbireh Island—A bright prospect—Stanley entrapped—In deadly peril—

A crowd of demons—A fearful night—Prompt action—Barely sayed— Swift and terrible revenge—A frightful storm—Refuge Island—A grateful camp—Provision secured—Another storm—A staunch boat—Steering for camp—His joyful greeting—Excitement of the men—The secret of the FOTN AT COLON LOLU REE ary vas shosaurnvevors fine ays ssinuesgteesBacptrindrdvasdeacteenesazas 424

Chapter XXVIII. Page

The work accomplished—Feelings of satisfaction—Pocoke’s report—A narrow escape for the expedition—Death of Barker—Sweet repose—Pleasant memories—Future anticipations— Waiting for Magassa—Resolves to return to Uganda by land—Is prevented—Sends to the king of Ukerewe— His request granted—Visits him—The interview—Royal hospitality—A stratagem—Stanley starts for Uganda—A new camp—Return to the old one—Conspirators foiled—Refuge Island...............ccseseesesseeseseesseesceeeees

Chapter XXIX

A rest--Resolves to punish the Bumbireh—Sets sail—Message to the people of Bumbireh—Imprisons the king of Iroba—The king of Bumbireh in chains—Arrival of Mtesa’s canoes—Hostility of the natives—Moves on Bumbireh—The savages expecting him——Plan of battle—The battle— Killed and wounded—Rejoicing over the victory—The natives completely subdued—Stanley gives them a lecture—Effect of the victory on the neighboring tribes—His losses—Prepares to start for the Albert Nyanza —Size of the Victoria Nyanza—-Muta Nzinge—Is it and the Albert one lake—-Stanley’s journal and map do not agree—Mtesa at war—Stanley aids him—Uganda—Abba Rega once more—Baker’s and Stanley’s journal agree—Stanley asks for fifty thousand men—Mtesa gives him two thousand 452

Chapter XXX

Force of the expedition—Its start—First march—Through hostile Unyoro— The encarapment—Mount Gambaragara—Its summit occupied by white people—Live on a rock in the middle of a lake—Their origin—Other strange tribes—The march——Frightened people—The lake reached without opposition—A miserable failure—The reason of it—Stanley’s feelings —The return—Report to Mtesa—His wrath—Liberal offers—Wonders of the country—A generous, peaceful king—Lake Windomere—Source of the Nile—Absurd theories—The hot springs of Mia gatassic ic sdesteenscenesekacsacass

Chapter XXXI

Back to Ujiji—Pleasant associations—The mystery of Tanganika—No outlet ——Cameron’s expedition—Thinks he discovers the outlet—Doubts of Stanley—The lake constantly rising—Stanley starts to examine for himself— Bags two zebras—A whole village massacred—Reaches Cameron’s outlet —Explores it thoroughly—Declares Cameron to be mistaken—The future outlet—Livingstone’s influence—The small-pox in camp—Desertion of his men—Prompt measures—Crosses the Tanganika—More desertions—People of Manyema—Singular customs ...............ccccssscscssescsesseseccecesesoeeess

Chapter XXXII

Livingstone at Nyangwe—Remembrance of him by the natives—* The good man ”—His troubles here awakens Stanley’s pity—A magnificent country —Glowing description of it—Ruined by slavery—The slave trade—Its character—Ebony skeletons—Horrible sights—The traders—Mode of capture—Faithlessness of the Prince of Zanzibar—Extracts from Stanley’s journal—A depopulated country—The way to stop the traffic..................

Chapter XXXIII

Stanley meets Tipo-tipo, the friend of Cameron—Learns all about Cameron's movements—Stanley warned not to go on—Fearful stories—Contracts with Tipo-tipo to escort him sixty camps—Self-reliance of Stanley— Women an obstacle in the way of advancing—Nyangwe—Its market—A lively scene—The two chiefs—A large harem—-The original inhabitants— Dirength! of the ex ped hon <vcs-seaseassccacsvevasshicevedeNeccvsceccarstccecys tees .. 502

AGE,

Chapter XXXIV

The great march begins—Gloomy prospects—March through a dense forest— Axes used to clear the way—A village in the forest—Superiority of the inhabitants—The men disheartened—Slow marching—Discontent— Difficulties increase—Tipo-tipo wishes to be released from his engagement —People that smelt iron-ore—A row of skulls as an ornament for the village—Hunting sokos—The cannibals—Naked women—The Lualaba reached—Not to be left again—The natives crossing the river................. 512

Chapter XXXV

Congo changed to Livingstone—Frightened natives—The march—Deserted villages—The land party lost—Stanley’s anxiety—A dash on the natives, one man killed—Uledi dispatched after the missing party—The lost found ~The march—A floating hospital—Passing rapids—Tipo-tipo wishes to turn back—A queer village—Increasing sickness—The dead every day thrown into the river——A fight—Marching on—A desperate fight of two days—A successful stratagem—Tipo-tipo resolves to leaye—Stanley’s speech to his men—Christmas day—A frolic—A boat race—The parties separate—A touching farewell—A sad day—Stanley tries to arouse the

Chapter XXXVI

A common fate binding all—“ We want to eat you” —The home of the hippopotamus—The persuasive eloquence of the cannibal prisoners—A novel sensation—A peaceful tribe—The cannibals prevent a fight—A sudden attack—A successful stratagem—Another fight—A hard carry around the falls—An advanced tribe—River full of islands—Magnificent scenery— Stanley’s expedition—A grand barbecue—A necessary fight—Night-work —Seventy-eight hours’ incessant toil—Passing the rapids—A lost man— A thrilling spectacle—Great daring—Lost men—A fearful night—Rescue in the morning—Brave Uledi—A carry round the falls—A brilliant maneuvre—In a net-—Man meat—Another fight—The Congo starts for the sea—Another fight—A deserted village—Around the falls—Muskets—A fight—Home of the hippopotami——A new war-cry—Astonishment of the natives at seeing a white man—More enemies—Stanley’s speech—A fight— Three hundred and fifteen muskets against forty-four—Starving—Friendly - savages—Abundant provisions—Death and burial of a chieftain’s wife— A friendly tribe—Beautiful women—Serpents in camp—The last and fiercest fight—Stanley Pool—Friendly chiefs—Curious interview with King Itsi—A general peace..........sscccceseeseeecernnrneeerenseeneaeeesercecsecssceens

Chapter XXXVII. Page

Tribal differences—What is the cause of them—The Congo tribes-—The cannibals left behind—Change of scenery—Livingstone Falls—A wild stretch of water—Carrying boats over land—Exhausting, slow work—A canoe lost—Stanley falls thirty feet--Rocky Falls—A fearful sight—Kalulu over the falls—A canoe shoots the Kalulu Falls in safety—A third canoe shoots the falls and disappears—Soudi’s strange story—More rapids— Difficulties increase—Narrow escape of Stanley—Joy at his deliyerance— Four cataracts in sight—Strange music—Less than a mile a day—The big cataract—Scaling a mountain one thousand feet high—Astonishment Of The Mati ves... 5. vce usa osbocige nue seme: sone cere nee eee cwese annals ce te 554

Chapter Xxxviii

Last instructions—A magnificent forest—Stanley thinks of dug-outs at home —Resolves to build canoes—The first tree felled—Two canoes finished — The boats and expedition moving overland—Arabs stealing —Redeeming a captive held for theft—Canoes over the mountain—Rest—Third canoe built—Dispiriting news—Native superstition—A narrow escape—Launching of the third canoe—Rains—Rise of the river—Storms—The expedition moves over the mountain—Frank takes the canoes by the river—Mowwa Falls—A terrific scene—Passing the Mowwa Falls—Uledi caught in theft —His sentence—A touching scene—A tonement—Forgiveness—Christian principles in Heathens—A strange superstition—The natives demand that Stanley’s note-book be burned up—A painful dilemma—A successful stratagem—Shakespeare burned—Frank’s last night with Stanley..........., 567

Chapter XXXIX

_ Elevated from the place of servant to that of friend—Proposes to toss up to determine whether they shall follow the Lualaba to the sea or not—Chance decides they shall—Pocoke’s shoes become worn out in the forest—Is made lame—Passage of the Mowwa Falls—Stanley’s peril—Pocoke’s fatal self-will—His death—The sight that stunned Stanley—A gloomy night for hum—Pocolee’a charaatar yt 2 aaitiucs vicars cetera ne ee ae eae oe 577

Chapter XL

Stanley mourning for his friend—A mutiny—Sadness of Stanley—Return of the deserters—Boats carried over a hill—The chief carpenter carried over the falls—Stanley runs the Mbelo Falls—Miraculous escape—Feeling of his people—The end of the chasm—One mile and a quarter a day for eight months—The Arabs steal, and are made prisoners—Arabs left in slavery for stealing —Falls of Isingila reached—Stanley resolves to leave the river —The Lady Alice abandoned—The march for Boma—Uledi slaps a king in the face—Stanley sends a letter to Boma—The messengers depart—He moves on—Meets an enemy ‘who becomes a friend—A glad surprise— Food in abundance—Luxuries for Stanley—A song of triumph—Stanley’s feelings, as shown by his letter—Reach Boma—The reaction—Stanley offered a steamer home—Prefers to stand by his Arabs—Reception at Cape Town—Zanzibar reached—J oy of the Arabs— An affecting scene—Farewell CouStanleyvann sc ea tenis Gee ae seusleouvinsactneaeecuhares Men eanr tae seeearee eee 587

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece—Hrnry M, Srantey.

Pack

18 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE General Night-Atiack of the Savages..cccc.csavcsvssecsseeroestecus seodesaesassé nicolas 283 Feccep tion Of Rion gai ssc, vasz.ed.ua tense eeee eoneas ase ee eee 291 The Slave- Hunters Attack at Fatiko.ss.2,00...01k seer cs leon ee ee ee 297 Wobs PLUM ei gland cs incs oh nasiva Reimer geek eee SGC Ce eee ae 307 Drixing the Prairie with Wire). .s.ciee-tyscseconseeeen ee eee 307 Gang 0l a TAGWESE «. <. cinesencseascondesca ca suser ee oe 311 Maprot Baker's Discoveriegrs...- icv societal ee 317 II SHVSE + W CADONG:.:c5 vesacascScutouivs seer tsonte aeakeer meena te ey ee ee ee 325 WG WAIT Dagan tract vanvavuadbencues Sgravoncl tei oeoeteua ah tee Ee 333 Temporary Village in which Dr. Livingstone’s Body was ee saageecsowee 337 Crossing the Lagutigwa Riverz.i-c..onsscciare.c-c<bigee eee ee 343 The Chalet 's Village 0... ssucsdeses vaagpetes Utes stucco eee ae eee 347 Great-Chicis Neturning a V isit......S1s<.c:e1- specu ase eee ee 351 Meonern Alven Boma: .2...2sc.<deaatacdae. diene ee ee 365 Barish ot Pocaks..,.. c.s-vivessedeseicblebofelcckegessedel ee eae 387 Gace: th! Caiiapy,-..sé.csagesesseannsaads deuesiiera tact oot eee ee 393 Reception by Mtesa’s Body-Guard, Prime Minister and Chiefs.................... 417 Am Unpleasant SiaatiOn. ...<sccasendeac 0a seca cdoueenee en aheeee ee ae 431 Dashracrods Uny Or... ccsscessvctiasoeesi dan eeessence ses Se ee ee 463 EloviSprings of Milagata. ...cacstun<scsscenaceaacteceshe, oe a 477 Netting out to Croas Lake Tanganilea.........<o..sdese<-cdesetaseleccssacslasec. oe. 491 Chief's Home. at Nyangw6......Siclecseacceceosscaceueceee so ceeneeiecanssausncccceareeeee 503 PG AD BW eiccaacdtennssnvinsschoupesdanrapecdes oo Meeaek ee a at eee 503 Hunting Sokos....... #8 R.9a lc aninlome sais laos aise enieoe se ateee seme en eee ea ReReae ee eee Eee 517 Eaphhing ous Way Round. 0\i21.:\1..<2.Gocccae eee ee 535 DGaN GE AAG oe ohcacecckalsncecee ows alee tees ress scisi de stcens eee eee eeeeeE 559 Prowning Of Pocoke.3..css..<saresacaeasosnaetevecee eee eee ee 581 ' Scaling the Rapids...........-...ccsecssscooes Reneeeice Redan sacs tensicd Ancsee eRe Ree OneeE eee 591

Chapter I

HENRY M. STANLEY.

HOW REPUBLICAN INSTITUTIONS DEVELOP CHARACTER—WEBSTER, CLAY, X*NCOLN, GRAN AND STANLEY—THE LATTER A NATIVE OF WALES—EDUCATED IN A POOR-HOUSE—BECOMES A TEACHER—SHIPS AS A CABIN-BOY TO NEW ORLEANS—ADOPTED BY A MERCHANT AND TAKES HIS NAME—LIVES IN THE ARKANSAS FOREST—GIVEN UP AS DEAD BY HIS ADOPTED FATHER—RE-

_ TURNS ON BOARD A MISSISSIPPI FLAT-BOAT—DEATH OF HIS FATHER WITHOUT MAKING A WILL

' --LIPE WITH THE MINERS AND INDIANS—ENTERS THE CONFEDERATE ARMY—IS TAKEN PRIS-

ONER—ENLISTS IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY—GOES TO JOIN THE CRETANS TO FIGHT AGAINST

TURKEY—ROBBED BY BRIGANDS—TRAVELS—VISITS HIS NATIVE PLACE—GIVES THE CHILDREN

OF THE POOR-HOUSE A DINNER—MAKES AN ADDRESS—HERALD CORRESPONDENT IN THE WAR

BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ABYSSINIA—BEATS THE GOVERNMENTAL MESSENGER—SENT TO SPAIN

_ AS WAR CORRESPONDENT—RECEIVES A STARTLING TELEGRAM FROM MR, BENNETT TO COME TO PARIS—HASTY DEPARTURE—AFFECTIONATE PARTING WITH CHILDREN—SINGULAR INTERVIEW WITH MR. BENNETT—ACCEPTS THE LEADERSHIP OF AN EXPEDITION TO FIND LIVINGSTONE— HIS PECULIAR FITNESS FOR THE UNDERTAKING—HIS REMARKABLE QUALITIES AS EXHIBITED IN THIS AND IN HIS LAST MARCH ACROSS AFRICA.

TANLEY is one of those characters that forcibly illustrate the effect of republican institutions in developing

a strong man. Despotism cannot fetter thought—that is free everywhere—but it can and does restrain its outworking into practical action. ,'The former do not make great strong men, they allow those endowed by nature with extraordinary gifts, free scope for action. This fact never’ had, perhaps, a more striking illustration than in the French Revolution. The iron frame-work of despotism had rested so long over the heads of the people that it had become rusted in its place, and no individual force or strength could rend it asunder. But when the people, in their fury, shattered it into fragments, there was exhibited ‘the marvelous effects of individual character. A lieutenant of artillery vaulted to the throne of France and made 19

20 EFFECT OF REPUBLICAN INSTITUTIONS.

marshals and dukes and kings of plebeians. A plebeian himself, he took to his plebeian bed the daughter of the Cesars. He took base-born men and pitted them against nobles of every degree, and the plebeians proved themselves the better men. In other words, he put men against titles, and the titles went down before the men. ‘Thus, no matter how despotic he became, he and his marshals and newmade kings were the most terrible democracy that could be preached in Europe. The mighty changes that were wrought, simply show what results may be expected when the whole world shall be thus set free and every man be allowed to strike his best and strongest blow.’ When the race is thus let loose on the planet we inhabit, we shall see the fulfillment of that prophecy, “a nation shall be born in a day.” The same truth is apparent in our own country, though its exhibitions are not so sudden and startling. Indeed they could not be, because this freedom of action has no restraints to break through, and hence no violent effort is required. Every man grows and expands by degrees without let or hindrance. In a despotism, Webster would probably have taught school in a log school-house all his days, and the “mill boy of the sloshes” never made the great forum of a nation ring with his words of eloquence, nor the “rail-splitter” been the foremost man of his time, nor the tanner-boy the president of the republic. Republican institutions never made any of those men, they simply allowed them to make themselves. Stanley is the latest and most extraordinary example of this. It is folly to point to such men as he asa stimulus to youthful ambition, to show what any man may become. No amount of study or effort can make such a boy or man as he was and is. The energy, daring, self-confidence, promptness and indomitable will were born in him, not acquired. The Latin proverb, “Poeta nascitwr, non fit,” bi poet is born, not oe ' y

STANLEY’S BIRTHPLACE AND REAL NAME. UT made, is not truer of the poet than of a character like him. His characteristics may be pointed out for the admiration of others, his good qualities made a lesson to teach youth how perseverance, and determination, and work will elevate aman whatever may be his walk in life. A man born with a combination of qualities like Stanley’s, must have room given him or he will make room. He has sucha - surplusage of ‘energy and will-power that it must have scope and field for action. A despotism could not have repressed him. He would either have become a wanderer or adventurer in strange lands, or he would have headed a revolution, vaulted to power or to a scaffold, as others have done before him.

But although Stanley developed his whole character under free institutions, he was not born under them, being a native of Wales. He was born near Denbigh, in 1840. His parents’ name was Rowland. At three, he was sent to the poor-house at St. Asaph, to get an education. Here the poor, unpromising lad remained till he had finished such an education as this institution could furnish, and then sought employment as teacher; and for a year was employed as such at Mold, Flintshire. . But now the strong instincts of his nature began to show themselves. He felt. that a school-teacher’s life, however honorable and useful, could not be his, and, with his scant earnings, shipped as cabin-boy in a ship bound for New Orleans. Arriving in safety, he began to look about for employment. By what lucky chance it happened we do not know, but he fell into the hands of a merchant named Stanley, who became so attached to the frank, energetic, ambitious youth that he finally adopted him and gave him his name. Thus the Welsh boy Rowland became the American youth Stanley. Fortune had certainly smiled on him, and his future seemed secure. Ag the partner and eventually heir of his

De ae FORTUNE DESERTS. HIM.

benefactor, as he doubtless would become, fortune, ease and

a luxurious life lay before him. But even here, so pleas-

antly situated and cared for, the same restless spirit that

has since driven him over the world, exhibited itself, and

he wandered off into the wilds of Arkansas, and in his

log-cabin on the banks of the Wichita River, with the * pine-trees moaning above him, he dwelt for a long time, among the strange, wild dreams of imagination and daring youth. His adopted father mourned him as dead, never expecting to behold him again. But he made his way to the Mississippi, and going on board a flat-boat, became the companion of the rough western characters to be found on these boats, and slowly floated down to New Orleans and was received by his overjoyed father as one risen from the dead.