Chronicles of Cape Commanders. ... Papers upon subjects connected with the East India Company's Government, ... and notes on English, Dutch, and French books published before 1796, containing references to South Africa. ... With four charts

Front matter

CHRONICLES 01 CAPE COMMANDERS, OB An Abstract of Original Manuscripts in the Archives of the Cape Colony dating from 1651 to 1691, compared with Printed Accounts of the Settlement by various Visitors during that time. ALSO FOUR SHORT PAPERS UPON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE EAST INDIA COMPACT'S GOVERNMENT AT A LATER PERIOD, reprinted from Colonial Periodicals, AND NOTES ON ENGLISH, DUTCH, AND FRENCH BOOKS published before 1796, containing references to South Africa. By GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, MEMBER OF THE MAATSOHAPPIJ DER NEDERLANDSCHE LEITERKUNDE TE LEIDEN. SOME TIME KEEPER OF THE ARCHIVES OF THE CAPE COLONY. |f'/7/jr gour §harts. CAPE TOWN: W. A. RICHARDS & SUNS, GOVERNMENT PRINTERS, CASTLE-STREET 18S2. P B E F A C E. The following pages contain an account of the origin of the European power in South Africa, of the condition of the Native Eaces when white men first came in contact with them, and of the nature of the intercourse between the Europeans and the Natives during a period of forty years.

A statement of the sources from which this account has been derived is given at the close. The records of the Cape Colony furnish the most complete information that can be needed for the compilation of a history of the country from the middle of the seventeenth century to the present day. That but little use has hitherto been made of them is easily accounted for. Their bulk is so vast that years would be required to examine only the most important of them ; they have until quite recently been scattered about in many buildings, and are not even yet collected in one apartment ; they have not been arranged ; nor has the most trifling convenience for their study ever been provided. In Cape Town much of what was most valuable in some classes of documents, — the Diary of Events, for instance, — was lost or destroyed through the carelessness and indifference of the Government, and until the appointment of the Archives Commission a few years ago no steps were taken to restore the missing documents from the duplicates in London and the Hague. * There was another cause for the neglect of the Cape Archives.

Not only is their volume vast, but in their contents the minutest details of petty and obscure events are mixed up with matter altogether foreign. They are thus intolerably heavy, except to one who has the means of gathering information from words which to ordinary students are meaningless. When, for instance, one meets with relations of the intercourse between Batuas, Obiquas, Chobonas, and many others, if one knows what people these words refer to, a PREP ACE. IV flood of light is thrown upon pages that would otherwise be very wearisome reading. The greater the acquaintance with any of the native races of South Africa that one has, the more information will he be able to extract from the Cape Archives, and the less dull will they appear to him. These causes combined will serve to explain why so little use has been made of the documents referred to.

Preface

. V the seventeenth century which were wanting here, as it was necessary that I should copy many of them to complete our records. I have added to the Chronicles a few short papers on occurrences in the eighteenth century, the materials for which I obtained in the records of that period, though I did not enter very deeply into them. I have added further some brief notes on books pubhshed during the government of the East India Company and containing references to South Africa, which may be useful to students. GEO. M. THEAL. Cape Town, 4th May, 1882. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. 1486—1648. Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Dias. — First Voyage to India made by Vasco da Gania. — Voyage of Cabral. — Discovery of St Helena by Joan de Nova. — Second voyage of Da Gama. — Delagoa Bay visited by Antonio do Campo. — Table Bay first entered by Antonio de Saldanha. — First Shipwreck on the South African coast. — Inspection of a portion of the South African seaboard.— Tragedy in Delagoa Bay. — Account of the battle in Table Valley on the 1st of March 1610, in which the Viceroy D'Almeida and over sixty men were killed. — Causes of the scanty information on South Africa obtained by the Portuguese. — The first Voyages of the English to the East. — Resolution of the English East India Company to build a fort at the Cape. — English sovereignty proclaimed over Table Bay and the adjacent country by Captains Fitzherbert and Shillinge. — First Voyages of Dutch ships to the East. — The Travels of Jan Huyghen van Linschoten. — His description of South Africa. — Visit of Houtman to Mossel Bay. — Mossel, Flesh, and Fish bays named by Paulus van Caerden.— Table Bay named by Joris van Spilbergen. — Formation of the Dutch East India Company. — Visits of Dutch fleets to Table Bay. Page 1.

Chapter II

1648—1653. Presentation of a document to the Chamber of Amsterdam, setting forth the advantages to be gained by forming a settlement in Table Valley. — Account of the wreck of the Haarlem. — Deliberations of the Directors of the East India Company. — Decision to form a victualling station at the Cape. — Instructions to the skippers of the Dromedaris, Reiger, and Goede Hoop. — Character and previous occupations of Jan van Riebeek, who is appointed Commander of the Expedition. — Instructions given to the Commander by the Directors. — Departure of the Expedition from Amsterdam. — Events during the passage. — Arrival of the Expedition in Table Bay. — Condition of Table Valley at that time. — Description of natives residing there and. roaming about in the neighbourhood. — Selection of a site for a fort. — Description of the ground plan of the fort Good Hope. — Landing of the Expedition. — Quarrels between the Goringhaiquas and Goringhaikonas. — Distress of the Europeans. — Arrival of ships with many sick men who are left at the Cape. — Effects of the winter rains. — The Sick Visitor Willem Barents "VVylant. — First birth of a European child in South Africa. — Abundance of game. — Projected whale fishery. — Productions of Robben Island. — Inspection of the country back of the Devil's Peak. — Beautiful forests found there. —Desertion of four workmen and their adventures. — Gardens planted. — Voyage of the Goede Hoop to Saldanha Bay. — Cattle barter with the Goringhaiquas. — The interpreter Harry and his niece Eva. — The Goringhaiquas leave the neighbourhood of the Cape. — Effects of the Southeaster. — Productions of the gardens. — Diet of the workmen. Page 21, O0NTEHT-. VIII

Chapter III. 1653—1657

Receipt of intelhgence of war between England and the Netherlands.— Condition of the fort Good Hope.— Arrival of ships.— Trade with natives.— Damage done by wild animals.— Jacob Ryniers, the first Secunde.— Dealings with a French ship in Saldanha Bay.— Robbery by Harry and the beachrangers of the Company's cattle, and murder of one of the cattle herds.— Unsuccessful pursuit of the robbers.— Discovery of ore.— Hottentot crucibles.— Return of the Kaipmans and beachrangers.— Anniversary of the arrival of the Europeans.— A galiot sent to St Helena for provisions.— Frederick Verburg, the second Secunde.— Account of the southeast coast by a Jesuit missionary. —A galiot sent to explore the southeast coast.— Trade with Madagascar.— The first Malay banished to the Cape.— Day of prayer and thanksgiving.— News of peace between England and the Netherlands.— Treatment of the crews of English ships.— Arrival of a large fleet. — Sealing establishments at Dassen Island and Saldanha Bay. — Introduction of the vine.— Instructions of the Directors regarding the natives.— The Commander's views as to the best method of dealing with them. — Hostile acts of the Goringhaiquas.— Jan Wintervogel, leader of the first exploring expedition inland.— Harry's return to the fort, which is followed by a renewal of the cattle trade. — The trading expedition of Harry and Corporal Midler.— Arrival of a large Hottentot horde under the chief Gonnema.— The interpreter Doman.— The first vessel built at the Cape. —Disastrous expedition to Madagascar. — Garden ground allotted to married servants of the Company. — Annetje de boerin. — Completion of a hospital. — Construction of a jetty. — Project of Ryklof van Goens to convert the Cape peninsula into an island. — Plants and animals introduced. — The first farm at Rondebosch. — Thefts by Hottentots. — Dealings with Harry. — Premiums for the destruction of ravenous animals. — Regulations for the preservation of herbiverous animals. — Sickness. — Day of fasting and prayer. — Constitution of the Council of Policy. — Marriages. — Treatment of Christian blacks. — Instructions regarding the treatment of foreign ships.

Page 45.

Chapter IV

1657—1659. The first South African Colonists. — Conditions under which some of the Company's servants became colonists. — The Commissioner Ryklof van Goens. — Alterations in the conditions. — The first Burgher Councillor. — Names of the first colonists. — Regulations of Commissioner Van Goens. — "Weights and Measures. — Roelof de Man is appointed Secunde. — Expedition to Hottentots Holland. — Information concerning the natives. — Journey of party under Abraham Gabbema. — The Berg River is discovered and named. — The Paarl Mountain is named. — Public Works. — Journey of party under Jan van Harwarden. — The Little Berg River is discovered and named. — The Tulbagh Basin and valley of the Breede River are seen from the top of the mountain near the Little Berg River. — Importation of slaves from Angola and Guinea. — Desertion of slaves. — Seizure of Hottentots as hostages to be detained until the restoration of the slaves. — General panic. — Arrangements between Europeans and Hottentots. — Harry sent to Robben Island. — Trade with the Cochoquas under the chief Oedasoa through Eva's agency. — Remon strances of the farmers against new restrictions. — Price of wheat. — Vines planted by the Commander at Wynberg. — Introduction of maize. — Two Burgher Councillors are appointed. — Sheep farming. — Instance of great loss of life by scurvy. — More Colonists. —Unsuccessful attempt to visit the Namaquas. — The first wine made in South Africa. — Manufacture of ale. — Enrolment of the burghers as militia. — Constitution of the Council of Militia. — Changes in the Council of Policy. Page 68.

Chapter V

1659—1662. War with the Cape clans.— Conspiracy to seize a vessel.— Peace with the Goring haiquas and Gorachouquas. — Duties of the Secretary. — Wreck of a French ship in Table Bay.— Illicit dealing in cattle.— Manner of conducting trade with the natives.— CONTENTS. IX Traits of native character. — Search for the Island of St Helena Nova. — Expedition under Jan Danckert in search of Monomotapa. — Exploring Expedition under Pieter Cruythof. — Riebeek's Kasteel is named. — The Namaquas are discovered. — Description «f the Namaquas. — Exploring Expedition under Pieter van Meerhof. — Pieter van der Stael's efforts to teach the Cape Hottentots the principles of Christianity. — Exploring Expedition under Pieter Everaert. — Feuds of the Hottentots. — Conflicting accounts of the condition of the settlement. — Appointment of Gerrit van Harn to be Mr Van Riebeek's successor. — Death of Mr Van Harn at sea. — Appointment of Zacharias AVagenaar. — Mr Van Riebeek's farm at Wynberg. — Arrival of Mr Wagenaar. — Ceremony of his induction. — Mr Van Riebeek leaves for Batavia. — Condition of the Settlement. — Privileges of the Burghers. — Treatment of foreigners. — Anticipations regarding the olive. — Actual knowledge concerning the natives. — Fabulous accounts of distant tribes still believed in. — Neglect of the Government to keep a record of land grants. — Character of Commander Van Riebeek as delineated in his writings. — Offices which he filled after leaving South Africa. Page 92.

Chapter VI

Zacharias Wagenaar, installed 6th op May 1662, held office until 27th or September 1666. Character of Commander Wagenaar. — Deputation from Hottentot clans. — The Commander's visit to the Cochoquas. — The Hessequas. — The exploring expedition under Peter Cruythof. — The expedition under Admiral De Lairesse against Mozambique. Intercourse with Madagascar. — The exploring expedition under Jonas de la Guerre. — — Occupation of the Island of Mauritius as a dependency of the Cape. — George Frederick Wreede. — War between England and the Netherlands. — The Directors of the East India Company resolve to construct a stone fortress in Table Valley. — The site is selected by the Commissioner Isbrand Goske. — Ceremony of laying the foundation stone. — The church in the castle. — Attempt to capture an English ship in Table Bay. — Succession of Sick Visitors. — The first clergyman of the Cape. — Constitution of the Consistory. — Disputes concerning baptisms. — Scene at an afternoon service. — Subjects taught in the school. — Succession of Schoolmasters. — School fees. — Dealings with Hottentots. — Plague among the Hottentots. — The beachrangers in Table Valley. — Eva's marriage with a European. — Prices of various kinds of grain. — Wages. — Price of horses. — Occupations of burghers in Table Valley. — The Commander desires to be relieved. — A successor is appointed. — Arrival of Mr Van Quaelberg. — His installation. — Officers of the Government. — Departure of Mr AVagenaar for Batavia. — Knowledge of the country at the time of his departure. — Condition of the Colony. — Subsequent visit of Mr AVagenaar to the Cape. — His bequest of a sum of money for the benefit of the poor. Page 122.

Chapter VII

Cornelis van Quaelberg, installed 27th op September 1666, held office until 18th op June 1668. Jacob Borghorst, installed 18th of June 1668, held office until 25th of March 1670. Character of Commander Van Quaelberg. — Greetings from Hottentot chiefs. — Progress in the construction of the castle. — South African forests. — Establishment of a French East India Company. — The first fleet sent out by it. — Arrival of the fleet in Table Bay. — Assistance given to the French by Commander Van Quaelberg. — The French set up marks of possession in Saldanha Bay. — Trading expeditions.— Corporal Cruse visits the Hessequas. — On a second expedition he visits the Gauriquas and reaches Mossel Bay. — Instructions are received to discontinue the work at the castle. — Expedition to Mauritius and Madagascar. — Murder of Pieter van Meerhof and eight men at the Bay of Antongil. — Intelligence is received of peace with England. — Dealings with the Hottentots. — Harsh regulations of Commander Van Quaelberg. — CONTENTS.

X Dismissal of Mr Van Quaelberg from the Company's service— Appointment of Jacob Borghorst as his successor.— Arrival of Mr Borghorst and his assumption of the government.— Officers in the settlement at this time.— Succession of clergymen.— New free burghers.— Departure of Mr A'an Quaelberg for Batavia.— His subsequent career. —Ill health of Commander Borghorst.— Cornehs de Cretzer.— Removal of the French beacons from Saldanha Bay.— Knowledge of South Africa acquired by this date- Unsuccessful expedition of the Voerman.— Survey of the country about Mossel Bay by Corporal Cruse.— The Attaquas are visited.— The Outeniquas are heard of.— Adventure of Corporal Cruse with a party of Bushmen.— A cruel custom of the Hottentots.— Rescue of a Hottentot infant by some Dutch women.— Liberty of the Company's servants to trade to a small extent on their own account. — Incidents in the career of George Frederick Wreede.— Expeditions of the Grundel along the west and southeast coasts. — Search for metals. — The Commissioner Mattheus van der Broeck at the Cape. — A'arious regulations. — Hunting parties. — Mr Borghorst's desire to be relieved. — Appointment of Pieter Hackius as his successor. — Arrival of Mr Hackius and his assumption of the government. — Return of Mr Borghorst to Europe. Page 147.

Chapter VIII

Pieter Hackius, installed 25th of March 1670, died 30th of November 1671. Interval between the death of Commander Hackius and the arrival of the Secunde Albert van Breugel, 30th of November 1671 to 25th of March 1672. Axbert van Breugel, Secunde, Acting Commander, from 25th of March to 2nd of October 1672.

Illness of Commander Hackius. — Increase of premiums for the destruction of ravenous animals. — Arrival of a French fleet under Admiral De la Haye. — Hostile conduct of the French at Saldanha Bay. — Regulations of Commissioner Isbrand Goske concerning the slaves. — Misfortunes of the Secunde Cornehs de Cretzer. — Account of the leading servants of the Company at the Cape. — Arrival of a few famihes of immigrants. — Ideas of that day as to good government. — Cause of so few immigrants arriving in South Africa. — The clan of the Cochoquas under Gonnema visits the settlement. — AA'ar between the Cochoquas and Chainouquas. — Murder of two burghers by Bushmen. — Death of Commander Hackius. — His funeral in the church. — Arrange ments of the Council for carrying on the government. — Apprehensions in the Netherlands of war with France and England. — The Directors of the East India Company resolve to complete the castle and strengthen the garrison of the Cape.— Preparation of materials for the completion of the castle. — Its position. — Anecdote of a constable who expressed an opinion that it was commanded by the Devil's Peak. — Names and qualifications of the officers selected by the Directors to conduct the government of the Cape.— Arrival of the Fiscal De Neyn.— Statistics of ships that put into Table Bay.— Wrecks.— Number of visitors yearly.— Quantity of meat required.— Dealings with Gonnema's people.— Arrival of the Secunde A:an Breugel. — His assumption of the government. —The Commissioner Aernout van Overbeke at the Cape.— Purchase of territory from Schacher.— Particulars of the deed of sale.— Amounts nominally and really paid.— Purchase of territory from the representatives of the Chainouqua chief.— Experiments in the culture of various plants.— Distillation of brandy at the Cape.— Intelhgence is received from the Netherlands of war with England and France.— Arrangements for defence.— Arrival of Governor Isbrand Goske. — His reception and assumption of the government.

Page 165.

Chapter IX

Isbrand Goske, Governor of the Cape and Councillor Extraordinary of India, installed 2nd of October 1672, held office until 14th of March 1676. Statistics of population.— Important position occupied by the early colonists.— The European war.— Its influence upon Cape affairs.— Naval battle off the coast of India. CONTENTS.

XI —The work at the castle. — Repair of the old fort.— Establishment of an outpost at Hottentots Holland.— Description given of Hottentots Holland. — Expedition against St Helena. — Career of Lieutenant A' an Breitenbach. — Trade with the Chainouquas. — Account of Captain Klaas.— His attachment to the Europeans.— Account of Captain Gonnema. — How all the Cape Hottentots came to be called Gimjemans. — Hostile act of Gonnema against some burghers. — Murder of eight burghers and a slave by Gonnema's people. — An expedition is sent against Gonnema.— Plunder of the Company's post at Saldanha Bay and murder of four Europeans. — Account of the expedition against Gonnema. — Hottentot allies. — Execution by Hottentots of four prisoners. — AArreck of the Grundel and of the Zoetendal.— Method of raising revenue by farming out privileges.— The garrison moves into the castle. — The old fort is broken down. — Intelligence of peace with England. — Sickness among the Hottentots. — Second expedition against Gonnema.— Capture of cattle.— Death of Eva.— Account of her career. — The first baptized Hottentot is buried in the church. — Fate of her children. — Account of the deacon's fund for the support of the poor. — Establishment of an Orphan Chamber. — Its objects and constitution.— Regulations in church matters. — Successful raid by Gonnema upon the Cape clans. — The Commissioner Nicholas A'erburg. — Petition of the burghers. — Officers of the Cape Government.— Position of the island of Mauritius with regard to the Cape Government. — Administration of Governor Goske. — Johan Bax is appointed to succeed him. — Arrival of Mr Bax. — Mr Goske returns to Europe. Page 182.

Chapter X

Johan Bax, entitled van Herentaxs, Installed as Governor 14th of March 1676, Died 29th op June 1678. Hendrik Crudop, Secunde, Acting Commander, 29th of June 1678 to 12th of October 1679.

Measures for the protection of the fanners. — Murder of three burghers by Bushmen. — Condition of Hottentot clans when the Dutch settled in South Africa. — Condition of the Bushmen. — Unsuccessful expedition against the murderers of the burghers. — Captain Jacob acts as a spy. — Unsuccessful expedition against Gonnema. — Punishment of Captain Kees. — Peace overtures from Gonnema. — Conclusion and conditions of peace. — Stringent regulations concerning intercourse between burghers and Hottentots.— Causes for such regulations. — Account of AVillem Willems. — Condition of the beachrangers. — Robberies and measures adopted for their suppression. — Execution of five Bushmen. — Principles upon which the government acted towards the natives. — Establishment of a Matrimonial Court. — Its constitution and object. — Account of the slaves. — Exploration of the west coast by the Bode, and of the coast of Zululand by the Voorliout and Quartet. — AVhimsical plan to expedite the completion of the castle. — Resolution to build a new church. — A site is selected. — The foundation stone is laid. — Death of the Rev Mr Hulsenaar. — The first interment in the new churchyard. — Removal of bodies from the old church to the site of the new one. — Account of the first colonists beyond the Cape Peninsula. — Customs duties. — Arrival of a few families of immigrants. — Death of the Governor- General, who is succeeded by Ryklof van Goens the elder. — Death of Governor Bax. — Funeral of the late Governor. — The Secretary Hendrik Crudop administers the government as Acting Commander. — The Rev Johannes Overney is appointed clergyman of the Cape. — Intelligence is received of peace with France. — Naming of the five bastions of the castle.— Position of the burghers beyond the Cape Peninsula. — The census of 1679. — The Directors of the East India Company appoint Simon van der Stel Commander of the Cape. — Arrival of Mr \"an der Stel, and his assumption of the government.

Page 200.

Chapter XI

Simon van der Stel, Commander from 12th of October 1679 to 1st of June 1691. 1679-1685.

Character of Simon van der Stel. — His family. — Condition of the settlement at the date of his arrival. — The Commander visits Hottentots Holland.— He makes a tour to CONTENTS. a place which he names Stellenbosch. — Plan of colonization. — Occupation of the Stellenbosch valley. — Condition of laud grants there. — Improvement of the Company's garden in Table A'alley. — Hendrik Bernard Oldenland. — Friendly intercourse with the Hottentots. — Some Namaquas visit the Cape. — Their method of travelling. — They bring specimens of copper ore. — They give the first information received of the Orange River. — Their account of other tribes. — They return to their own country with presents. — Treatment of foreigners calling at the Cape. — Method of taxing foreigners. — Number of ships that called between 1671 and 1682. — Growth of Stellenbosch. — Destruction of crops by insects. — Establishment of a court of heemraad at Stellenbosch. — Establish ment of a school there. — Subjects taught in the school. — Various duties of Dominie Mankadan. — The Cape is made a place of banishment for Indian prisoners of state. — A'isit of the late Governor- General Ryklof van Goens. — Instructions issued by him. — AA'reck of the English ship Joanna. — Establishment of a court for the adjudication of petty cases. — Unsuccessful exploring expeditions of 1682 and 1683. — More copper ore is received from Namaqualand. — Discharged servants of the Company. — New cattle stations. — A*isit of Ryklof van Goens the younger. — His transactions at the Cape. — First exportation of grain. — The High Commissioner Hendrik Adri'an van Rheede tot Drakenstein. — His powers. — He arrives at the Cape. — He reconstructs the Council of Policy and the High Court of Justice. — Appoints a Landdrost to Stellenbosch. — Construction and powers of the court of Landdrost and Heemraad. — The High Com missioner's instructions concerning the emancipation, education, and treatment of slaves. — His instructions concerning the Hottentots. — He grants land in full property to officers of the government. — He grants the farm Constantia to Commander \ran der Stel. — Mining operations.— Imposition of transfer dues on sales of fixed property. — Price of grain. — Departure of the High Commissioner.

Page 214.

Chapter XII

Explorations and Discoveries in South Africa. Commander A'an der Stel's journey to Namaqualand. — Description of the train.— Hottentot custom of treating visitors of rank. — Description of the country along the valley of the Berg River. — Bushruen only inhabitants of the mountains. — Bushmen huts. — Description of Bushmen met with. — Adventure of the Commander with a rhinoceros. — Occurrences on the march. — Favourable season. — Hottentot method of lolling birds. — The Commander's plan of travelling and forming camp. — The Grigri quas are met at the Elephant River. — Desolate country beyond the Elephant River. — Bushmen met with. — Some Namaqua kraals are reached. — Namaqua guides are obtained.— Friendly intercourse between the Europeans and the Natives. — Celebration of the Commander's birthday. — Namaqua music and dancing. — Reports are received of the great river to the north. — The Copper Mountain is reached. — The country around is found to be desolate. — Difficulty of travelling. — Scarcity of water. — The expedition reaches the coast. — Driftwood found from the great river. — Examination of the coast. — Suffering from want of fresh water. — The return march to the Elephant River. — Meeting with the Cochoquas. — Death of Gonnema. — Hottentot mark of mourning. — Gonnema's son is confirmed as his successor by the Commander. — Arrival of the expedition at the castle. — Knowledge obtained by this expedition.

The wreck of the Stavenisse on the Kaffir coast. — Forty-seven of the crew leave the wreck and attempt to march overland to the Cape. — The remainder repair a boat and endeavour to get away in her, but the boat is lost in the surf. — Natives in great numbers flock to the scene of the wreck. — Two Englishmen visit the wreck and invite the Dutch to return with them to Natal where they have been living in plenty since the loss of their vessel nearly a year before. — Skipper Knyf and his party gratefully accept the invitation. — Account of the loss of the Good Hope at the Bay of Natal. — The Dutch and Enghsh set to work to build a smaB vessel. — Native labourers are employed. — Arrival of another party of wrecked men. — Account of the loss of the Bona Ventura at St Lucia Bay. — The little vessel is finished and named CONTENTS.

XIII the Centaurus. — She is provisioned for sea. — She sails from Natal, leaving four Englishmen and one Frenchman behind, and arrives safely in Table Bay. The A'oyage of the Centaurus. — The Centaurus is refitted at the Cape and sent along the coast to look for the forty-seven missing men of the Stavenisse. — She recovers eighteen of them at Cove Rock, — She anchors at the mouth of the Buffalo River. — She returns to Table Bay. The First A'oyage of the Noord. — The galiot Noord is sent from Table Bay along the east coast. — Delagoa Bay is surveyed. — The Bay of Natal is entered. — Two seamen of the Stavenisse are recovered there. — Food is purchased from the natives. — At the mouth of the Buffalo another seaman of the Stavenisse is recovered. — Return of the galiot to Table Bay. Information obtained from the wrecked seamen. — Titles of the Kaffir tribes between the Bay of Natal and the Keiskama River.' — Description of the people.

Ensign Schryver's Expedition to the Inquas. — The Outeniqua the most distant Hottentot clan known to the eastward. — A messenger from the chief of the Inquas reaches the Cape. — Presents are sent to the chief who is for a time believed to be the Emperor of Monomotapa. — He sends a deputation to the Cape to invite the Europeans to trade with him. — Ensign Schryver and a party are sent. — Route taken by the party. — The Inquas are reached. — A Hottentot custom. — Information is obtained concerning other tribes between the Inquas and the Kaffirs. — Return of the expedition. Encounter with Bushmen. Large booty in cattle. The Wreck of the Noord. — The Noord is again sent eastward.— Her officers pur chase the country surrounding the Bay of Natal from a native chief. — Three more of the crew of the Stavenisse are recovered. — Algoa Bay is visited. — The galiot is lost on Klippen Point. — Sufferings of the crew. — The mate Theunis van der Schelling and a few others are assisted by Captain Klaas and reach the Cape. Various titles in the early records of the people since known as Bushmen. — Causes of the hostility of all other races towards them. Page 237.

Chapter XIII

1685—1687. Call of French astronomers at the Cape. — Their calculations of longitude and variation of the magnetic needle. — Emigration from the Netherlands to the Cape. — Some orphan girls are sent out. — Establishment of a yearly Fair at Stellenbosch. — Target shooting. — Arrangements for divine service at Stellenbosch. — Erection of 'a church there. — Also of a residence for the landdrost, a courthouse, and a mill. — Progress in vine planting. — Placaat concerning the manufacture of wine. — Experiments with the olive. — Tree planting. — AVreck of the Portuguese ship Nostra Senora de los Milagros. — Treatment of the Siamese ambassadors to the Court of Portugal. — Enmity towards the Bushmen. — Captain Klaas is rewarded for killing eight of them. — A'arious Placaats. — Registration of titles to land. — Destructive epidemic. — Death of notable persons. — Call of a French fleet of war.— Farms are given out along the Berg River, in the District named Drakenstein. — Survey of False Bay. — Simon's Bay is named. — Condition of the colonists. —Sumptuary regulations. — Plague of locusts. — Abundant crops. — Census of the 31st December 1687. Page 263.