A School History of the United States ... Being a revision and rewriting of Swinton's 'Condensed School History of the United States.'

Preface

This History of the United States has been prepared in order to meet the views of that large and increasing class of teachers who are aiming at definite results in this study. It has grown out of a need deeply felt by the author during many years' occupation in class-room recitation. This manual is designed as a working book, and hence dis cards both the high-flown narrative style and the meaningless details of the majority of school histories. The text will derive its interest from the lucid presentation of the subject matter, — in itself deeply interesting. The technical points of novelty and superiority which the author thinks he may fairly claim as the justification of this manual will be evident to all practical teachers. Some of these points are : — 1. A plan of clear and concise paragraphing, by which the gist of each paragraph is readily apprehended by the pupil. 2.

A total absence of involved, inverted, or in anywise rhetorical sentences, and the use, in lieu thereof, of the direct, concise, and recitable construction. 3. A new method of Topical Reviews. On this point the author refers the teacher to an examination of the Reviews themselves. The difference between the present and the old method of reviewing — which does no more than print a string of review questions, referring to preceding pages for the piecemeal answers — must be obvious. Judicious teachers PUBLISHERS' NOTE 4 know that pupils, in order to have a really available knowl edge of the facts of history, require that these facts should be grouped and reiterated and turned over in a variety of ways. To accomplish this end, thus imparting a comprehensive knowl edge of events and the connections of events, is the purpose of the method of reviewing adopted in this manual. 4.

The separation of the history of the Northwestern, South western, and Pacific States from its entanglement in the his tory of the Administrations. The history of these great states thus receives a degree of attention that is more nearly ade quate than heretofore. 5. The separation of the leading facts of American Progress from their entanglement in the history of the Administrations, and their presentation in a section by themselves. WILLIAM SWINTON. PUBLISHERS' NOTE This book has for twenty years received the approval of the Teaching Profession in all sections of our country, and has had a class-room use as widespread as it was well deserved. It seems every way fit, in view of the recent and lamented death of Professor William Swinton, to offer to the public, in a new and more worthy dress, his well-known School History.

For this department of literary labor, Professor Swinton was endowed with high and peculiar gifts. His view was comprehensive, and his temper, judicial ; he was tireless and PUBLISHERS' NOTE 5 profound in historical research ; and, with a fine sense of per spective, he knew how to throw non-essentials into the back ground of his picture. With the period of the Civil War, a time so big with incidents and issues, he had all the familiar ity of a personal onlooker and eager student. The work of revision and readjustment of this manual has been conducted under the supervision of our Editorial Depart ment. The closest scrutiny of comparative criticism could discover in all the text but few defects. The revisers have thought well to add an introductory chap ter on Prehistoric America, and a chapter giving some account of the settlement and growth of the Three Colonial Centers, — Boston, New York, and Philadelphia.

These, however, are narrative in style, and are intended to be read for information rather than studied as set lessons. Notes have been supplied in many places where it seemed that the interest or value of fact or scene might be increased by some side light. Most of the maps are new, and the illustrations have been drawn and engraved expressly for this work. April, 1893.

LIST OF MAPS PAGE Ancient Geography of the United States 12 The World as kuovvu in the 15th Century 27 Copy of Cahot's Map 33 De Soto's Route 39 The Carolina Coast 45 Early Grants in America 47 Map to illustrate Discoveries 50 John Smith's Map of New England 62 Boston and Vicinity 67 Narragansett Fort and Swamp 69 Narragansett Bay 77 Settlements in New England 82 Siege of Louisburg 119 The War in Pennsylvania 123 Lake Champlain and Vicinity 125 Quebec in 1759 128 Boston in Early Times 133 New Amsterdam 140 First Map of Philadelphia 144 Battle of Bunker Hill 160 Retreat up the Hudson 106 Operations in New Jersey 107 Operations in Pennsylvania . . < 171 Burgoyne's Route 173 Siege of Yorktown 188 Vicinity of Detroit 210 Operations in the West 212 Operations near Niagara 215 Battle of Plattsburg 215 Operations about Washington 216 Battle of New Orleans 217 Map to illustrate the Mexican War ' 230 Civil War — Eastern Operations 250 Civil War — Western Operations 256 COLORED MAPS FOLLOWING PAGE Colonies at the Time of the French and Indian War 120 Colonies at the Time of the Revolution !58 States in Secession during the Civil War .... 94g Acquisition and Distribution of Territory .... i;06 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 11 Periods of American History 24 PERIOD I. — DISCOVERIES: 1492-1007 Columbus, Cabot, and Americus 25 Spanish Discoveries 35 French Discoveries 41 English and Ditch Discoveries 43 Topical Review 49 PERIOD II. — HISTORY OF THE COLONIES: 1007-1775 Virginia 53 New England 02 Massachusetts 02 Connecticut 71 Rhode Island 70 New Hampshire 79 Maine and Vermont 81 New York 83 New Jersey 89 Pennsylvania 92 Delaware 90 Maryland 97 North Carolina 100 South Carolina 103 Georgia 100 Topical Review CONTENTS 8 PAGE The French Wars 113 King William's War lliJ Queen Anne's War "■' French Possessions in the West H"3 King George's War lly French and Indian War 120 Topical Review I29 The Three Colonial Centers 131 Boston 1»1 New York 137 Philadelphia 144 PERIOD III. — THE REVOLUTION: 1705-1789 The Revolution 148 Causes of the Revolution 148 Campaign of 1775 . . 158 Campaigns of 1770 163 Double Campaign of 1777 109 Campaigns of 1778-1780 175 Campaign in the Carolinas 181 The Final Campaign 185 Topical Review 191 PERIOD IV.— THE CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD: 1789 Washington's Administration 197 John Adams's Administration 200 Jefferson's Administration 202 Madison's Administration 207 War of 1812 - 208 Monroe's Administration _ 219 John Quincy Adams's Administration 221 Jackson's Administration 222 Van Buren's Administration CONTENTS 9 PAGE Harrison and Tyler's Administration 220 Pole's Administration 228 The Mexican War 229 Taylor and Fillmore's Administration 234 Pierce's Administration 205 Buchanan's Administration 237 Topical Review 238 The War of Secession — Lincoln's Administration 240 Causes of the War 240 Lincoln's Inauguration 240 Campaigns of 1861 249 Campaigns of 1802 255 Campaigns of 1803 267 Campaigns of 1804 273 The Final Campaign 280 Topical Review 283

Johnson's ADMINISTRATION 288 Grant's Administration 292 Hayes's Administration 295 Garfield and Arthur's Administration 297 Cleveland's First Administration 299 Harrison's Administration 302 Cleveland's Second Administration 3ii4 The Mississippi Valley and Gulf States 306 Ohio 308 Indiana 310 Illinois 311 Michigan 312 Iowa 313 Wisconsin 314 Minnesota 314 Kansas 315 Nebraska CONTENTS 10 PAGE The Mississippi Valley and Gulf States (continued) South Dakota and North Dakota 317 Kentucky 319 Tennessee -J21 Louisiana "21 Mississippi 322 Alabama 323 Missouri 324 Arkansas 325 Texas .' . . 326 Florida 327 Topical Review 328 The Pacific States 330 California 331 Oregon 334 Nevada 336 Colorado 337 Washington 338 Montana 338 Idaho 339 Wyoming 340 Topical Review 340 A Century' of Progress 342 Constitution of the United States 351 Declaration of Independence 367 Areas, Settlement, and Admission of States