Preface
. This work is the outcome of a desire to furnish both general readers and young students of British history with a record based upon the best authorities, and written in an interesting narrative style. British history should be, above all, an account of the social and political development by which a people comprising various nationalities, characters, and creeds has acquired, in the fullest measure ever known, the true freedom which combines liberty with order, and makes Law, represented by the Throne, the highest authority in the realm. Such headings in the Index as " House of Commons," " Freedom," " House of Lords," " Charters," " Sta tutes," will prove the importance herein assigned to constitutional history. The writer has aimed at accurate, impartial, and comprehensive treatment of his subject, and it is believed that, for the use of learners in colleges and schools, no department has been left unnoticed.
Literature, science, art, commerce and geographical discovery have all come under review, and the student is enabled to trace national progress in every stage, from Roman times to the democratic era of the latter half of the nineteenth century. The relations of this country with Foreign Powers at every period have been traced, and the valour which, on scenes of both foreign and civil warfare, has been a main element in making the British Empire, has been fully recognised. The reign of Queen Victoria is treated on an extended scale and India and the Colonies are separately dealt with.
PREFACE.
. IV The attention of students who may be preparing themselves for examinations in British History is specially directed to the technical terms marked by italics in the Index, and to such articles as "Clergy," ''Catholics, Roman," "Declarations," " Dissenters," " Impeachment," " Papacy," and " Presbyterians." A series of original maps serves to show the great territorial changes that have occurred since earlier times, and the gradual progress of the formation of the British Empire in later days. It is hoped that the work will commend itself to the judgment of instructors, and be found of essential and indispensable use in Schools and Colleges. TABLE OF CONTENTS AND DATES. *#* Statutes, documents, and technical terms are in italics : square brackets enclose events placed out of chronological order, and matters outside of, but bearing on, English history.
Book I
Britons and Romans (B.C. 55- A.D. 450). Chap. I. — Pre-historie People: Cæsar in Britain . . p. i B.C. 55 Julius Cæsar's first invasion. 54 Julius Cæsar's second invasion. Chap. II.— Roman Conquest and Rule . . . . p. 8 A.D. ., j Conquest begun by Aulus ™ t Plautius and Vespasian. 47 Ustorius .Scapula in command. kq/ Suetonius Paulinus in com 08 1 mand. « ( Druids and Boadicea de b \ stroyed. A.D. 78 \ Agricola's government of 84/ Britain. 80 1 2Y V Agricola in Caledonia. 19n / Hadrian's Wall erected (Sol "" \ way and Tyne). id/i/Wall of Antoninus (Clyde lw\ and Forth). 3rd \ Saxon pirates begin at cent. / tacks. 304 St. Alban martyred. qnsi / Constantino the Great at dUb i Eboracum (York). „Cst / Picts and Scots pass Had iW I rian's Wall, A.D. 368 Picts and Scots reach London. „-Q / Picts and Scots driven out dDS \ by Theodosius. .,nj Roman troops withdrawn ( from Britain. „Q/Roman troops return for a *18 X few months.
Aii J Britons vainly ask help of w\ Aetius. cir. \ Final severance of Britain 450 J from Roman empire. Chap. UT. — Raman Period of Hide (details of) , . p. 14
Book II
Britain becomes England (450-828). Chap. I.— The Coming of the English . . . p. 20 A.D. 450 1 Jutes found kingdom of 470/ Kent, 477 \ Saxons found kingdom of 491 f Sussex. 495 \ Saxons found kingdom of 519/ Wessex. 526 \ Saxons found kingdoms of 527/ Essex and Middlesex. f Angles found kingdoms of 6th J East Anglia, Mercia, and cent, j Northumbria (i.e., Ber- \_ nicia + Deira). CHAP. H.— England a Christian Country . . . p. 27 cent } [St David convei'ts Wales. ] 560 Æthelbert, king of Kent. -07 / Augustine and his monks DVi I land in Thanet, -QflJ Church of England founded 030 \ at Canterbury. 627 (Conversion of the north by 634 f Paulinus. 565 I [St. Columba preaches in 597 i Scotland j AD. ft? I St. Aidau in Northumbria. 669 I St. Chad (Ceadda), Bishop of 672 / Mercia. 664 I St. Cuthbert works in Nor 687/ thumbria 664 Council o£ Whitby. fi7st / Theodore becomes Arch °'u «. bishop of Canterbury.
CHAP. III.— The Chief Early English Kingdums . . p. 30 „-/ Kent declines after death of blt> I Æthelbert. 593 , Northumbria powerful under 617 / Æthelfrith. £H ! Edwin, king of Northumbria. 655 I" rcm'a> Pai!an king of Mercia. „,, / Edwin defeated and slain by "*' I Penda cao / Oswald of Northumbria slain blJ I by l'enila. ... t Penda succumbs to Oswiu b0° , (Oswy) of Northumbria. CQ- ( Northumbria declines on b8° I death of Ecgfrith. 659 » Mercia powerful under 8qq. i Wulihere. v A.D. ™ 1 Æthelbald strong in MercU. 2q? Mercia great under Offa. 782 | Ossa's Dyke formed (Dee to 783 [ Wye). 802 I powerful. j Ine, king of Wessex. |^ j- Egbert, king of Wessex. QOQ | Egbert supreme over all W8 \ England. 830 " flrst appear in force. CHAP. IV.— Early English Civilisation . . . p. 36 [Literature of Period.] cir. -j 670 Caedmon flourished. 690 f i]ll \ Bede (Baeda) flourished. son ! A^cu'n flourished. 845 I Joannes Scotus (Erigena) 875 I flourished. b VI CONTENTS.
Book III
The Danes in England (830-1042). Chap, I.— The Exploits of the jNorthmeti . , . p. 40 a.i>. doc f Egbert defeats Danes and 660 \_ Britons in Cornwall. 837 I Ethelwulf, king of Wessex 858 \ and overlord Qck 1 Danes first winter in England 500 < (Sheppey). 866 * Danes in East Anglia and 867 ~l Northumbria. ocofFen country ravaged by 8b8 I Danes. 870 Mercia conquered by Danes. 0—/St. Edmund, king of East Vil\ Anglia, slain. 8JJ I Alfred, king of Wessex. 871 Danes invade Wessex. [Danes settle on Irish coast, Shetlands, Orkneys, and Hebrides, by middle of 9th century.] Q7c I Alfred's victory over Danes 5,0 1 in Swanage Bay. R7si / Danes under Guthorm (Guth 8' \ rum) in Wessex. 878 Alfred retires to Athelney. 878 Alfred defeats Guthorm. too i Treaty of Wedmore admits °'° t Danes to England. Chap. II.— England under Alfred the Great . . . p. 45 ™ - Alfred's work of restoration. 00~ 1 Invading Danes defeated in 886 / Kent A.D. j|9* j- Hasting the Dane repelled. [Literature of Period.] cir. / Asser, Bishop of Sherborne, 910 I died. { Alfred s translations of Ore 878 I 'lory's Pastorals, Bede's 901 I 'Ecclesiastical History, Boe- V tius, &c. cir.
(Anglo-Saxon Chronicle be 900 \ gins English prose. Chap. III.— Political and Social Arrangements . , , p. 51 Chap. IV.— England in the Tenth Century . . . . p. 58 9°! j Edward the Elder, king. Q17 (Æthelflæda, the Lady of oin- Mercia, partly subdues va} ( Danelagh. 921 I Edward annexes Mercia,East 924 / Anglia, and Northumbria. ??jj ] Athelstan's strong rule. „,_'(" Athelstan's victory at Bru vil\ nanburh. 9|j! I Edmund the Elder, king. 980 !" l>ulls,;an's rule as minister. HjJEdwy, king. 959 j- Edgar, king. A.D. 961 ( Dunstan, ArchbisTiop of Cair 988 / terbury. 9'jj j- Edward the Martyr, king. 979 , Ethelred II. (the Unready), 1016 / king. 980 Danes attack southern coasts. 982 London burnt by Danes. QQ1 \ Norwegians land in East 991 / Anglia. ooa « Danc'ield raised to buy off 991 / Danes. 1nstr)/ Ethelred marries Emma of 1UUJ ( Normandy. y°v-) Massacre of Danes (St. 1002 j BricesDaJ') 1003 ' Sweyn of Denmark's attacks 1009 I on England. 10i3 Sweyn drives out Ethelred. 1014 Death of Sweyn. 1n1c (Edmund Ironside, son of 1U10 "( Ethelred, fights Danes. jjfjL' I Edmund and Cnut divide 1016 J ki»Sdom Chap V. — England under Danish Kings , . . . p. 66 191' j Cnut, king of England. 1st1«(The foi r earldoms esta 1017\ blishec=. J°Jjj j- Harold 1. (Hares oot), king. 19|9j-Hardica.ute, king.
Book IV
Coming of the Normans (1042 1100). Chap. I. — The Beginning of Norman Power in Eng. land . . . . p. 6g a.d. JjJljj j- Edward the Confessor, king. -iiuo I Norman influence in Eng lu*i ( land begins. 01, j [Duchy of Normandy "" "1 founded by Rollo. ] ioth \ [Normans acquire new cul cent. / ture and power.] 1042 > Earl Godwin powerful in 1053 ," England. 105i Godwin banished. ,«Ei / William, Duke of Nor lu01\ mandy, visits England. niw>/ Godwin returns from 10M I exile. .rtro j Godwin dies: Harold be 1UM I comes Earl of Wessex. 1053 I Harold chief minister in 1066 ( England. istci j Harold's victories in 1063 , Wales. Jan. 1 Harold chosen king by 1068 / Witan. Chap. II.— The Fight for the English Crown . . p. 79 A.D. Sep. ) Harold's victory at Stam- 1066 1 surd Bridge. Jjjjjjj '-Battle of Hastings.
Chap. HI.— After the Battle of Hastings . . . p. 87 Dec. 25 ) William I. crowned at 1086 / Westminster. 1071 I Completion 0I conquest 1063 Exeter taken. 1059 *n north subdued. ( Yorkshire laid waste. 1070 Lanftanc becomes Arch- ( bishop of Canterbury, 1/V71 I ' Hereward subdued in Isle 1U71\ of Ely. Chap. IV.— Establishment of Norman Rule . . , p. 97 1st7d f William I. refuses homage 1U'* { to Pope for England. 1084 1 i ,Qgg Y[Domesday Bonk made.] Chap. V.— William J. and his Successor . , .p. i0g A.D. 1075 i ■Earl °* Hereford's revolt I. suppressed. 1076 Waltheof executed. um, /Robert (Wflliams eldest I son) revolts. 1087 ' William's war with France, I and death. 1100 ! wttlia«> II. (Bus us), king. 1088 ' Eev°l«; of barons sup- ,. pressed. 1089 ' Eanfranc dies : see of Gan- \ terbury left vacant. 1092 « Cumberland annexed (from \ Scotland). 1093 / Anselm becomes Arch- I bishop of Canterbury. ....
(The Find Crusade: Kohert 109b . pledges Normandy to Wilt liam. 1097 1 Anselm leaves Eng- I land. 1099' William reduces Maine to « submission. 1100 ! William slain in New « Forest. CONTENTS. VII -
Book V
The Great Charter (1100-1216). Chap. I.— The Strong Rule of Henry the First. . p. 117 A.D. gj* j Henry I., king. ,,n, J Henry gives Charter of 11U1 I Liberties. -.--/Robert defeated by Henry ilut> ( at Tenchebray. 1 Henry's compromise with 1107^ Pope and Anselm on in- ( vestitures. 1120 Priuce William drowned. ( Matilda (Empress Maud) 1127 \ marries Geoffrey Planta- ( genet of Anjou. -1M /Prince Henry (Henry II.) 1L66\ born. 1135 } Henry L dies* Chap. II.— The Reign of Anarchy and Civil War . . p. 123 1135 I Stephen, Count of Blois, 1154/ king. 1190/ Scottish invasion repelled ilM\ at Battle of the Standard. /"Stephen quarrels with bishops. 1139- Matilda (Maud) and Robert, Earl of Gloucester, in- V vade England. {Stephen defeated and taken at battle of Lincoln. Matilda in power. The war renewed; Matilda driven from London.
( Stephen released by ex 1142- change for Earl Robert. ( Matilda besieged at Oxford. 1145 Earl of Gloucester dies. 11dsi/ Matilda retires to Nor 114b I, mandy. ( Prince Henry rules Nor 1151- mandy, Anjou, Touraine, ( and Maine. {Prince Henry marries Eleanor of Guienne. Prince Henry invades England. Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, intervenes. 11m/ Treaty of Wallingford se- 06 { cures throne for Henry. 1154 } Beath of StePhen [Litera'ure of the Period : the Chroniclers. 1082 1 Florence of Worcester 1117/ wrote. f Orderieus Vitalis wrote. 114?-' WiUiam 0I Malmesbury's 1 historical work Be Gestis \ Reyum Anglorum ends. 1154 Geoffrey of Monmouth died. 12th \ Wace of Jersey's Rnd and cent, f Roman de Rou. 11 W ' Henl'y °f Huntingdon's I chronicle ends. Chap. 111.— The Plantagenets begin to reign . • P- 131 A.D. \\^ j Henry II., king. 11 kt J Thomas Becket becomes lia' i Chancellor. iieqJ Becket with Henry in 1103 1 French war. ,,-,,/ Becket, Archbishop of Can iiW ( terbury. iicq / Council of prelates, atWest 11M (. minster.
Jan. ) Great Council at Clarendon 1164 / (Wilts). 1164 Constitutions of Clarendon. 1164 *-'ounc^ °f Northampton. 11sid/ Becket's flight to the Con 11Wi { tinent. Dec. \R-eturn and murder of 1170 J Becket. CHAP. IV. — Henry's Reign after Becket s Death , . p. 139 .,«/ [Ireland : Pope Hadrian lira j jy ,-B bull for conquest> ,,-Q 1 Invasion of Ireland from llbH j AValea by fjtz.steph.en. ( Strongbow (De Clare, Earl of 1170 < Chepstow) takes Dublin ( and Waters ord. --_. ( Strongbow becomes king of 1171 \ Leinster. 1172 Henry II. in Ireland. -.--/Henry assumes lordship of 117D \ Ireland. 1177 Hugh de Lacy, lord-deputy. 1185 Prince John, lord-deputy. (' English dominion limited to the English Pate—Dub lAoolin, Waterford, Wexford, I Drogheda, Cork, and dis- \ tricts.] .-„„/ Queen Eleanor and the \ princes plot agains S king. 1173 i Scottish and Flemish inva 1174 ) sions repelled. 11-74 ' Henry's penance at Bucket's im\ tomb. /'William the Lion of Scotland prisoner : does ho 1175- mage to Henry as liege-lord for Scotland (Treaty y of Falaise). _17si ( Henry's legal reforms ; il'b t judgesofassizeappointed. -1Qnj King's sons ; gain rebel in llHd y France. _--- j Knights Templars es.ab 1180 I lished in London. ---(./'Prince Richard wars with ll»y , Henry in France. •f^I \ Death cf Henry II.
Chap. V.— Richard of the Lion Heart . . .p. 144 \\ll } Richard I , king. 110- ( The Jews ill-treated : che llbU ( tragedy at York. A.D. f Claim to homi'ge for Scot 1190 land sold. V Richard starts for Palestine. 1191 J" Richard in Holy Land -i-iQ-i I Saladin defeated : Acre, Asyi \ calon, and Jaffa taken. (Richard makes truce with Saladin. 1192- Philip Augustus of France aud Prince John plot V against Richard. liQ^i Richard a pri oner in Ger 11SW\ many. Mar. (Richard arrives in Eng 1194 / land. 1194 | War in France agains; 1199 f Philip Augustus. iiqo/ Death of Richard I. in 119a ( France. 'Literature : Walter Map's satires, &c. : Ranulph (Ralph) de Glanvil's wprk on English law : the yyrn Chroniclers, WilUa m of ■toon Newbury, Roger de 1'"u Iioveden, Gerald du Earn. (Giraldus Cambrensis) ; Layamon (theRrut , a metrical chronicle of Britain V iii early English).
Chap. VI.— The Wicked King and the Good Charter . p. 151 1199 j j,,,,,,, king. ionn * ar *n : John keeps 1ZUU I Anjou and Maine. 10n„j Joiin defeats his nephew lZ0* { Arthur in Poitou. 1203 Prince Arthur murdered. ( Philip Augustus of France 1204- attacks John : Normandy t lost. s Anjou, Maine, Touraine, 1205 - Poitou, &c. , conquered by ( Philip. 1206 I John's quarrel with Pope 1213 f Innocent III. ( Stephen Langton made (by 1207- Pope's influence) Arch- ( bishop of Canterbury. 1208 I England under Papal In 1213 / terdict. ( John's deposition pro 1fn« I claimed by Pandulf. liia-j War with : French { fleet partly destroyed. ™«/Jolin submits to Pope as 1616 1 his suzerain. ! French invading fleet destroyed at Damme (Flanders). Philip of France victorious over Johns league at Bouvines. Jan. \ Langton and the barons 1515 f meet in London.
May 1 Baronial army gathered 1215 /' under Fitz-Wab'er. June\Magna Carta signed at 1215 / Runnymede.. CONTENTS. VIII A.D. 1215 i '^ '*in aPPea*s to Pope : brings in foreign troops. A.D. jr f John victorious over barons: I9ifi' Frince Louis of France lzlb ( called in by barons. A.D. | Death of John.
Book VI
Rise of the House of Commons (1216-1272). Crap. I.— Henry the Third and Simon de Montfort . p. 164 A.D. Jggj- Henry III., king. 1216 I William Marshal, Earl of 1219/ Pembroke, chief minister. /Battle of Lincoln: the I French expelled from ,„,„/ England. \ French invading fleet de- I stroyed off Sandwich. \ Charter of Forests granted. 1219) Hubert de Burgh, justiciary 1231 f and chief minister. 1219 j The country reduced to 1224 / order. 1223, I The Great Charter solemnly 1225 I confirmed by king. 1227 Henry assumes power. 1228 Cardinal Langton dies. 1231 De Burgh deprived of office. 1231 » Peter des Roches, Bishop of 1241 f Winchester, in power. fHenry marries Eleanor of 19qR I Proveuce. lzao1 Influx of Poitevin and other V French intruders. 1241 1 of Savoy (queen's / uncle) in power. 1231 1 1253 > king's iUeoai exactions. 1242, ) Resistance of barons in 1248 f Parliament. ■,9A9( Henry at war with Louis **** { IX. of France.
A. P. iodo f Henry defeated at Taille 1£^\ bourg. i«mrJ Pa i al exactions strongly 1Z*° I resisted. 1250 I Queen Eleanor at feud with 1253 f city of London. -ne-T Simon de Montfort, Earl of 1'S06 | Leicester, heads barons. -p, .( Troubles on Welsh bori5w ' der : Henry summons i^oa j pai.iiament, June "| The Mad Parliament at 1258 j" Oxford. 19„ / Provisions of Oxford reform l£a6 I the mode of rule. ■a ocq V 1263 Factions among barons. 19fi„ f D? Montfort returns from 14KS France and takes leacl_ Chap. II.— De Montfort and the House of Commons . p. 174 12ftt barons' war begins. Sen f king and Prince Ed ioc*i ward swear to Provisions r5M ( of Oxford. j ( Mise of Amiens (award of i9fti' Louis IX. of France) an iawi { nuls Provisions. {King and Prince Edward defeated at battle of Lewes. Mise (Treaty) of Lewes.
Jan. \ De Montfort summons bur 1265 f gesses to Parliament. A.D. Apr. ] Reaction of barons against 1265 / De Montfort. , ( Renewal of war : De Mont i9cs i f°rt defeated and slain at lao ( battle of Evesh.im. 1272 I Tlle r°yalist reaction. .„„ | The Dictum (award) de Ubb-| Kenihcorth. 1266 I Prince Edward restores 1269 / order. 1271 I Prince Edward in Palestine 1272 / (eighth and last crusade). 111. dies. Chap. III. — Learning and Religion in Thirteenth Century p. 181 11B,j Franciscan Friars come to 1£a I. England. I The Grey Friars (Francis. 1230- cans) and Dominicans ( active in England. 12351 Robert Grosseteste, Bishop 1253 / of Lincoln. 1235 I Adam Marsh (de Marisco) s teaches at Oxford. J250 I Roger Bacon at Oxford. 1269 [Bacon's °P"S Majus. cir. , Henry of Bracton's work on 1260 / English law. 1273 siIritthew Paris, chronicler.
Book VII
England conquers Wales and attacks Scotland and France (1272-1377). A.D. ( Edward of Caernarvon, first 1284- English "Prince' of ( Wales."] 1275 First Statute of 'Westminster. f The great law-courts(A'r?ir/'s 1275J Bench, Exchequer, Com- I nion Pleas, Chancery) W finally settled. vmS Statute of Mortmain (De """I Religiosis). ,9a, (Statute of Merchants (St. of 1ÆW\ Acton Burnel). 12155 Statute of Winchester. /"Statute Quia Emptores deals with estates. 1290- Jens, after much ill-treatment, banished. (.Death of Queen Eleanor. ions I The first complete Parlia liVa\ ment 1279 -' [Edward does homage to I French king for Guieun0. 1286 I Edward settles affairs in 1289 I France. A.D. 1905 f War with France : Guienne 1ÆWI lost to England. i oqa I French and Scottish alliance 1ÆHl\ begins.] sBarons resist the king's -oq7 1 exactions.
I Confirmation of the Char- \ ters (statute). 1299 The Confirmation renewed. .««, / Charter of Forests enforced "U1 I by barons. im I Confirmationagam extorted ( by barons. „,, I [Scottish affairs: Kenneth 8M I Mac-Alpin, king. 9th, ) ioth > Danish invasions. cent. J cir. "| Kingdom of Scotland com 1010 ( pletelv formed. 105S I Malcolm III. (CanmoreX 1093 / king. i2th\ Gorman nobles settle in cent. / Scotland. Chap. I.— England under Edward the First . . .p. 186 A.D. JU| JEdward I., king. 1273 j The king and queen(Eleanor 1274 / of Castile) in France. A.ug. 1 Edward and Eleanor land "W74, / at Dover. -JIS I [Llewellyn has title " Prince 1267 I of Wales." 197,1 s Llewellyn refuses bomage "'* I to Edward. .„-„/ Edward invades North "77t Wales. 197a J Llewellyn submits : marries "'" \ Eleanor de Monf ort. loao f David and Llewellyn of iasi I Wales revolt. 1282 / Llewellyn killed in action : 12|o David taken and exe- \ cuted. 1284 ' ""'"^ °f Wales regulates x ° y the conquered territory,, CONTENTS.
IX A.D. 1124 | David I. establishes feuda 1153 f lity. j^j William the Lion, king. 1175 Treaty of Falaise. -1(w,/ Treaty annulled by Richard cir. ) Border-line settled between 1240 s England and Scotland. _oc, | Haco of Norway defeated 1Jb6\ atLargs. .... / Hebrides annexed to Scot 1266 [ land. / Alexander III. dies. 1286-. Margaret, Maid of Norway, ( queen. T , (Treaty of Briffham for i ion - marriage of Margaret i^au with Prince Edward. Oct. \ The voung Scottish queen 1290 s dies ] /Parliament at Norham dis 1291- cusses Scottish succes- ( sion. ,- /Scottish throne awarded ioqV ljy Edward I. to John ll*1 I. Baliol. tnan f Edward I. quarrels with 129D\ Baliol. Afar (Edward invades Scotland. ioac' " Capture of and massacre at izyb / Berwick. 12% Baliol defeated at Dun bar. June) Edinburgh occupied. 1296 I Stirling Castle surrendered. \nql Baliol dethroned. / Scottish crown, sceptre, 1296- and "stone of destiny" ( brought to England. 19Q7 ' Wallace takes the field in lzy/ I Scotland.
Sep. ~| Defeat of English at Stir 1297/ ling. 1298 Edward invades Scotland. July | Edward defeats Wallace at 1298 f Falkirk. | Pope Boniface VIII. claims 1300 decision between England ( and Scotland. ,O01 | English parliament rejects J.3UA j papal interference. imh I Stirling Castle taken by im'\ Scots. 1304 -' Edward invades Scotland ** | and exacts submission. line / Wallace taken and exe 1305 1 cuted. Feb. ) Robert Bruce takes the 1306 / field. 1306 -^ruce crowned at Scone. 1306 ( **ruce defeated at Methven. May | Bruce victorious at Loudon 1307 f Hill. July l Edward I. dies at Burgh 1307 I on-Sands. Chap. 11.— The Fight for Scottish Independence . . p. 222 1327 / Edward IL> ki"S 1108 ' Edwaid marries Isabella of { France. A.D. 1307 I Piers de Gaveston in power 1312 I at intervals. ™ X - Lords Orda iners appointed. 1311 ■' T'ie *jarons cause reform of I government. ,010 ' The barons in arms : Gave- W1J I ston beheaded.
([Scottish affairs: Robert 1309- Bruce supported by ( Douglas. 1310 i The Scots retake their towns 1312 / and fortresses. 1312 Bruce invades England.] 1314 f Edward invades Scotland. ■June | The Scots victorious at 1314 / Bannockburn. 1312 ) The Despensers in power at 1326 f intervals. ir]d/ Edward coerced by Thomas ■Uil* ( of Lancaster. 191£ / Lancaster president of 1316 1 Council. 1318 Berwick taken by Bruce. 1320) Northern counties ravaged 1321 / by Scots. V Edward vainly invades Scotland. Lancaster defeated at 1322- Boroughbridge, and beheaded. I The Ordinances repealed by V Parliament at York. 1323 iruce mstde with Scotland. ■toQA I Isabella and Roger Morti- I mer allied against king. 1326 Is*^6^!* invades England. ,Qi)fi / The Despensers executed as iaM I traitors. Jan. ) The king dethroned by 1327 I" Parliament.
Sep. ) Edward murdered at Berke 1327 I ley Castle. iQ9i ' [Dissolution of Knights L6#± , Templars in England.] CHAP. HI. —The Hundred Years' War begins . . . p. 232 J3^) Edward ILL, king. 1327 I Isabella and Mortimer in 1330 / power. ( Treaty of Northampton ac 1328 •■ knowledges Scottish in- ( dependence. Jggge } [Death of Robert Bruce. 1329 David II., king of Scotland.] {Edward marries Philippa of Hainault Mortimer made Earl of March. /Edward assumes power: 1330 -f Mortimer hanged as trai- \ tor. ■1010 f [Scottish affairs: Civil war 1*w\ in Scotland.] i War with Scotland : Scots ,,,« I defeated at Halidou Hill. 1*w"| Berwick captured by Ed- V ward. 1333 I [Edward Baliol vassal-king 1339 ( of Scotland. A.D. 1<«1 s Scots recover fortresses: i#±i-y David II. againon throne.] Oct. | Edward takes title "King 1337/ of France." ioon/l,1;ince vainly invaded by 13d9 I Edward. iQdstJ French fleet beaten at 16W{ Sluys. 1344 1" Truce with France- July | Edward invades Normandy: 1346 / Caen taken. 1346 s"Ellolisl1 victory at Crecy.
Oct. ) David II. of Scotland de- 1346 \ seated at Neville's Cross. 1346 I [David II. a captive in 1357/ England.] 1V7 ( Calais taken by Edward. 1355 |-Truce with France. ( Order of Garter instituted. 1349- The Rlaek Death rages iu ( England. !The Statute of Labourers passed. Statute of Treasons. Statute of I'rovisors against Papal claims. Further anti-Papal legislai*w I tion. 1355 War with France renewed. Sept. ~| Black Prince victorious at 1356 ( Poitiers. 19„ / French king John prisoner L60i { in London. 1360 Treaty of Bretigny. ! 1363 Statute of Apparel. 1364 French king dies in London. 1367 Black Prince in Spain. 1369 War in France renewed. 1370 French invade Gascuny. .„_ | Black Prince returns t<> 1611 I England. 1371 I Du Gueselin iu field against 1374 I English. 1wo | Spanish fleet holds sea 16 u\ against English. ,0174 / Truce with Fiance : English ''I possessions mostly lost. 1370 I Duke of Lancaster (John of 1377 I Gaunt) in power. .„_ ( William of Wykeham(Chanla/l-| cellor) driven from office. -„_fi / The Good Parliament imliJ'b \ peaches evil counsellors J" "e j Black Prince dies.
July \ Alice Ferrers and Lancaster 1376 I again dominant. J5°e j-Death of Edward III. CHAP. TV.— Literature and Learning under the Three Edwards p. 251 ,000/ XDuns Scotus, the Subtle 16m\ Doctor, died. -,.„ j William de Occam, the In- I vincible Doctor, died. .„.Q / Thomas Bradwardine, the lSWy profound Doctor, died. /Richard de Bury, Chancel- -„4c I lor, and Bishop of Duriaw1 ham, a patron of learning, t died. CONTENTS. X
BOOK VIIL
The Age of Wyclif and' Chaucer. The Lancastrian Kings and France (1377-1453). 1 A.D. 1394 Grower's Cons essio A mantis. 1386 I" Chaucer's earlier poems. 1400 I" Canteroury Tales written. Chap. II. — Religious persecution under Henry IV. . p. 275 j Henry IV., king, 1il0stf Plots for Earl of March 14UU I dealt with. 1401 I Owen Glendower's revolt in 1409/ Wales. /Sir Edmund Mortimer defeated by Glendower. 1402- Scots under Earl Douglas defeated at Homildon [_ Hill. ldst_ ( Rebellion of the Percies : lW6 \ battle of Shrewsbury. 1405 Revolt in north suppressed. / Earl of Northumberland 1408- defeated at Bramham ( Moor. ([Religious affairs: Statute idm ' Hwetieo combwrendo. 14U1 I Sawtrey burned at Smithy field. 1413 s Persecution of Lollards. ,..,*/ John Badby burned at 1410 \ Smithfleld.] ionn ([Scottish affai-s: David II 1610 ( died. 1390 Robert II.
(Stewart) died. /Duke of Rothesay. (Prince 1398- David), regent for Robert I III. iAsto / Duke • d Albany in power as M(W1 regent. 1405 (Prince James (James I.) a : 1424 I prisoner in England. ' i/mc/ Jstmes I. acknowledged as 14Ub I king. ; 1d11 J The Highland invasion de- 1511 t seated at Harlaw. f James I. crowned at Scone 1424; on release from Engi. land.] 1413 Death of Henry IV. CHAP. III. — Henry V. conquers France . . .p. 2S2 \lll } Henry V., king. /Sir John Oldcastle (Lord 1413 - Cobham) escapes from Tower. 1414 Lollard plot crushed. idi 7 ( [Cobham taken ami executed ' m'\ as traitor.] July /Plot for Earl of March 1415 / crushed. 1415 r French war begins. Sept. \Hnrfleur surrenders to , 1415 I Henry V. Oct. ) -,.. . - , . 1415 " lctolv °* Agincourt. A.D. July | Henry's second invasion of 1417 / France. 1417 Normandy tpwns taken. 1419 I Rouen surrenders. l&lf Treaty of Troyes. / Scottish army helps French. 1421- English defeated at Beaujo I. (Anjou).
June | Henry's third invasion of 1421 / France. -.-„ / Henry and his queen (Catha lu* | line of France) at Paris. Amj >HenryV.diesatVincennes. Chap. IV. — End of the Hundred Years' War . . p. 2S9 j Henry VI., king. 1022 ! [Charles VL of Frauce dies i doo / Dauphin crowned, asCharles 1MJ"i VII., at Poitiers.] /Henry proclaimed " King 149„ ! of France." 1 j Duke of Bedford commands V in France. /Earl of Salisbury defeats 1423- French and Scots at Crel vant. -.-./Bedford routs French and l*** \ Scots at Verneuil. - .„- / Bedford defeated by 14^7 1 French. Oct. /Earl of Salisbury begins 1428 f siege of Orleans. Mar. I English win Battle of Her 1429 i rings (Rouvrai). Apr. I Jeanne Dare takes the 1429 f field. May 2, | Jeanne Dare, La Hire, 1429 / and Dunois at Orleans. May 4, 7, ) English defeated be- 1429 / fore Orleans. 1429' |^e=e °* Oceans raised.
June ~\ Earl of Suffolk defeated and 1429 S taken at Jargeau. *^g j- English defeated at Patay. July ) Charles VII. of France 1429 / crowned at Rheims. May ) Jeanne Dare defeated and 1430 ) captured at Compiegne. Dec 1 1430 s Henry crowned in Paris. May \ Jeanne Dare burnt at 1431 / Rouen. 1425 I Home affairs: Quarrels of 1447 / Beaufort and Gloucester. /Restriction of county fran 1430- chise to forty - shilling \ freeholders. 144*/ Henry married to Margaret 1**D"I of Anjou. /Deaths of Duke Humphrey 1447 <>f Gloucester and Car- V diual Beaufort. Chap. I.— England under Richard the Second . . .p. 254 A.D. J37^ j- Richard II., king. ![The religious revolt : Lollardry : Wyclif master of Balliol, Oxford. 1366) Wyclif, prominent against 1378 f Papal claims. Tonnf Wyclif rector of Lutter 16101 worth. iQ7» f Wyclif 's anti-Papal tract, 16i0\ Schism of the Popes. 1 Langland's Piers the Ploic isssl ' man's Vision. 6Q 1 Wyclif s translation of Bible ( appears. .„(,./ Wvclif denounces transub 1551 ( stantiation at Oxford. .,0, 1 Wyclif condemned as here 13821 tic. 1384 Wyclif dies.] 1378) War with France, Spain, 1380 f and Scotland. ,Qai I The poll-tax: Wat the i»i y Tyler's revolt. 1380 ) 1390 -[Anti-Papal legislation. 1391) 1392 Statute of Praemunire.] 1«a9 I Richard marries Anne of l6JU \ Bohemia. 1384 I War with Scotland : border 1387 / forays and invasions.
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You’ve reached the end of History of England and the British Empire: ... a record of constitutional, ... military, ... and literary events from B.C. 55 to A.D. 1890 ... With maps and tables of genealogy.