The History of the ancient town and borough of Newbury, in the county of Berks

Preface

. THE following work is the result of several years spent in collecting material to illustrate the History of the Borough of Newbury, with which the author has been so many years connected. The ground which the book covers it is believed will be found to be unoccupied by any existing book, but at the same time this subject is one which the author trusts will be thought deserving of the somewhat extensive treatment with which he has dealt with it. Berkshire may be said to be much behind the majority of our counties in respect of County and Borough history, which has for the most part been accomplished very superficially, and consequently, in general, with more or less inaccuracy. It does not possess a thick folio like Atkyns' Glouces tershire, which was published in 171 2, and again in 1768, nor the three folios comprising Manning's Surrey, issued 1804-14, nor the six folios like Sir Richard Colt Hoare's Wiltshire, issued in 1822-44, nor yet the four comely volumes like Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, completed in 1847.

Against these Berkshire has only to set a very thin quarto confined to the Hundred of Wanting, compiled by the late Mr. Clarke in 1824 ; the Col lections towards a parochial history of Berks formed by Edward Rowe Mores in the last century ; a small volume relating to the Hundred of Compton,

PREFACE.

. and another to that of Bray, with a few other minor publications. Practically the only books to which the Berkshire resident who desires to know any thing of his own district can turn are the few pages given to the county in Lyson's " Magna Britannia, 1813, or in Britton and Brayley' s "Beauties of England and Wales" of 180 1. Of course he may go back to the pages of the great Camden, who compiled his work at the close of Elizabeth's reign, or to the church notes of the indefatigable antiquarian and principal labourer for Berkshire, Elias Ashmole ; but neither in the more recent compila tions nor in the earlier attempts will the student find that the subject has been treated with the detail it deserves \ And as regards boroughs, not much has been done. Neither Coate's nor Man's works can be said to be at all satisfactory as regards Reading. though for the time at which they were compiled they compare well with other monographs.

Both Messrs. Tighe and Davis, and Mr. Hedges, have done something more satisfactory for Windsor and Wallingford respectively, having far greater oppor tunities, and these works constitute the main sources from which we can obtain authentic and satisfactory information on corporate history and local topo graphy. Abingdon, with its famous Abbey, is still without a history, and so is Faringdon, unless we except an imperfect account of the latter town, published by Stone, at the close of the last century. While last, not least, Newbury, which now o-ives * Since the above was written, a History of Berks, by Lt.-Col. C. Cooper King, F.G.S., has been publshed, as one of a series of popular county histories. TREFACE. V its name to a Parliamentary Division of the County, is dependent on a single book issued in 1839.

The fact is the last half century has seen a great revolution taking place in the character of historical knowledge and research, and such labours are now more appreciated and encouraged than formerly. Chronicles either not printed at all, or printed from bad and interpolated texts, so as to be often very misleading, have now been properly edited, each with full indices ; besides which a ereat work has been going on for some years at the Public Record Office, and in the MS. departments of other institu tions, in the arranging and calendaring the material on which history has to rest. At the same time many literary societies have added their quota to our historical knowledge by printing many an over looked document, or bringing to bear upon it valuable criticism, and by recording in an accurate manner the archæological discoveries which take place.

Newbury, situated as it is near to the southern confines of the county, is connected with a district respecting which very little systematic historical in vestigation has taken place, and yet it will be seen from the following summary that in the times of the Romans the district is brought into note, and that immediately after the Conquest we have several references to it, and these of an interesting kind, exhibiting in detail, and so illustrating in a remarkable way, the close connection which existed at this period between England and Normandy. More over, now that attention is drawn so much to the history of our tithes and endowments, it will be seen that the minute particulars here collected re- VI

PREFACE.

. lating to the foundation of the Church of Newbury are interesting and important links in the great chain of historical truth respecting the private and personal grants of such endowments, many of which can be traced consecutively from those early times to the present day. Though we know but little of Bernard of Neuf Marche, who granted the tithes of Speen to Aufay, and less still, perhaps, of Ernulf of Hesding, who in sounding a church at Newbury granted the tithes to the Church of Preaux, there can be no question from the evidence given that they were personal and free gifts, absolutely independent of any state or even of royal favour. Passing on from the Conquest, the incident of the siege of Newbury during King Stephen's reign illustrates the internal wars of the kingdom during the twelfth century, in the same way that the two battles of Newbury illustrate the troubles of the country in Charles I.'s reign.

And throughout it will be seen that many incidents of which Newbury was the scene bring before us illustrious persons of every century from the twelfth onwards. In its municipal history Newbury affords many illustrations of great value shewing the process of municipal institutions, and the jurisdiction of municipal courts ; and though the records only go back to King James I.'s reign, it will be seen that during the seventeenth and succeeding century they are very rich, referring to many matters not only of local interest but of considerable importance in the general study of the social history of the country. It has been impossible satisfactorily to classify these records, and they are therefore given in one chrono logical series.

PREFACE.

. VII In the course of the arrangement of this work for the press, the author has found his material so much in excess of the limits assigned to the volume, that he has been compelled to omit some portions of the parochial and other records, such as copious extracts from the Registers, &c, which he had prepared for this purpose, but which may probably find publicity in some other form. On the other hand, it may be thought that the later chronological annals are un necessarily diffuse, and in some cases too unimpor tant to chronicle ; but the author trusts he may be excused if he has given too much attention to this portion of his subject, on account of the local interest which is attached to these simple records, which are so much interwoven with the general history of the town. The pleasing task remains of returning sincere thanks for many acts of kindness, assistance, and encouragement received from various friends during the progress of this undertaking, to all of whom the author desires gratefully to return those acknow ledgments which are so justly due.

Newbury, 1887. The Worshipful the Mayor of Newbury (Benjamin Smith, Esq.). Absalom, Mr. Alderman, J. P., Newbury. Adey, Mr. Alderman, J. P., Newbury. Adey, Mr. Joseph, Newbury. Allen, T. W., Esq., Whitway House, Newbury. Antiquaries of London, Society of, Burlington House. Arbuthnot, Sir Alexander J., K.C.S.I., Newtown House, Newbury. Asprey, James, Esq., Sandleford Grove, Newbury. Atkins, Rev. J., M.A., LL.B., The Grammar School, Newbury. Atlee, Miss, Salisbury Terrace, Newbury. Baily, Lawrence R., Esq., Allerton Hall, Woolton, Lancashire. Balfour, Blayney Townley, Esq., Townley Hall, Drogheda, Ireland. Bance, John, Esq., Newbury. Banting, Rev. W. Bickham, Little Brickhill Vicarage, Bletchley. Barfield, Samuel, Esq., 67 Porchester Terrace, London. Baring, Viscount, M.P., Stratton Park, near Micheldever.

Barnes, J. B., Esq., Castle House, Speen. Barnes, John, Esq., Kingsclere, Newbury. Barnwell, E. L., Esq., Melksham House, Wilts. Barton, Rev. T., Donnington Square, Newbury. Batten, John, Esq., F.S.A., Aldon, Yeovil. Baxendale, Mrs. Lloyd, Greenham Lodge, Newbury. , Bazett, A. Campbell, Esq., Newbury. Belcher, W. H., Esq., Newbury (2 copies). Benyon, Richard, Esq., Englefield House, Reading (5 copies). Bew, W. H., Esq., the Poplars, Newbury. Billings, Frederick, Esq., Orpington Manor, Kent. Bingham, A. J., Esq., Nalder Hill House, Newbury. Bingham, R., Esq., 5 Bolton-street, Piccadilly, W. Birch, Robert, Esq., L.R.C.P. Lond., The Litten, Newbury. Bishop, James, Esq., Hampstead Park, Newbury. Blacket, W. J., Esq., Newbury (6 copies). Blakesley, Geo. Holmes, Esq., M.A., 13 Old Buildings, Lincoln's Inn Blandy, W. F., Esq., 1 Friar-street, Reading.

Boase, Rev. Charles W., Exeter College, Oxford. Boase, Geo. Clement, Esq., 15 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster. Bosley, Mr. J. h., 7 York Terrace, York Square, Stepney, S.E. X Boulnois, W. A., Esq., F.R.I.B.A., Inhurst House, Basingstoke. Bouverie, Edward Pleydell, Esq., Manor House, Market Lavington, Wilts. Boyer, Mr. George, Newbury. Boyer, Mr. William, Brimpton, Reading. Bradshaw, Rev. S. Y. B., South Shore Vicarage, Blackpool. Brent, Cecil, Esq., F.S.A., 37 Palace Grove, Bromley, Kent. Brewster, Wm. H., Jun., Esq., Boston, U.S.A. Brown, Alfred D., Esq., Newburyport, Mass., U.S.A. Brown, John Coffin Jones, Esq., Boston, U.S.A. Brown, Rev. J. T., St. Paul's Rectory, Wokingham. Bruton, E. G, Esq., Diocesan Surveyor, F.S.A., Oxford. Bruxner, Mrs. H., Holmesland, Botley, Hants. Bulkley, Rev. E., Kingsclere- Woodlands Vicarage, Brimpton, Reading.

Bunbury, The late H. M., Esq., Marlstone House, Newbury. Bunny, J. Brice, Esq., Newbury. Burdett, Sir Francis, Bart., Ramsbury Manor, Hungerford. Burridge, Rev. T. W., Eastbury Vicarage, Lamborne. Burrough, The Misses, Donnington Square, Newbury. Burrows, Professor Montagu, All Souls College, Oxford. Bute, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, per J. G. Godwin, Esq., 83 Eccleston Square, London. Campbell-Gill, Rev. Dugald, The Cottage, Midgham, Reading. Carnarvon, the Earl of, Highclere Castle, Newbury (6 copies). Cary, Mr. Alphonse, Newbury. Chappelow, John S., Esq., 10 Lincoln's Inn Fields. Chatteris, W. P. B., Esq., Sandleford Priory, Newbury. Chatteris, Mrs., Sandleford Priory, Newbury. Cherry, Geo. C, Esq., Denford, Hungerford. Child-Dampier, Mrs. Pitthouse, Brimpton, Reading. Chute, Chalmer W., Esq., The Vyne, Basingstoke.

Clothworkers, The Worshipful Company of, London, per Owen Roberts, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. Clutterbuck, Rev. R. H., Knight's Enham Rectory, Andover. Cole, W. H., Esq., West Woodhay House, Newbury. Coles, Rev. Eimer T., Ashmansworth, Newbury. Coldicutt, F. J., Esq., Porchester Villas, Newbury. Collier, Rev. Canon, F.S.A., the Vicarage, Andover. Collins, J. Churton, Esq., 61 Torrington Square, London. Cooper, Mrs., 15 Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill W. Cosburn, Mr. G. J., Newbury. Cowper, W. J., Esq., Donnington Square, Newbury. Cowslade, Frederick, Esq., Erleigh, Reading. Cox, Mr. E., Cheap-street, Newbury. Cox, Richard, Esq., M.D., Theale, Reading. Craven, The Countess of, Ashdown Park, Shrivenham. Cunnington and Fitch, Messrs., Newbury. Dasent, Arthur Irwin, Esq., Tower Hill, Ascot (2 copies). Davenport, T. M., Esq., County Hall, Oxford.

Davies, Rev. J. Sylvester, Vicarage, Enfield Highway, Middlesex. Davies, Mr. P. E., Newbury. Davis, Lt.-Col.,F.S.A., 3rd Bats. Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment, Greenhills, Tilford, Farnham. Davis, Alexander, Esq., Highwood Villa, Shaw, Newbury. Davis, R. Archer, Esq., Abbey Wells, East Woodhay, Newbury. Dawson, Hon. Anthony, Forberry Grove, Hungerford. Day, The late W. Ansell, Esq., Lyndhurst, Hendon, Middlesex. Dewe, William, Parsonage, Hampstead Norreys, Newbury. Dowdeswell, Geo. Morley, Esq., Q.C., Recorder of Newbury, 1 Harcourt Buildings, Temple. Drew, Rev. Joseph, 10 Cecil Square, Margate. Dreweatt, T., Esq., Newbury. Edmonds, Mr. W., Northbrook-street, Newbury. Edwards, Rev. R. C, Speen Vicarage. Edwards, Septimus, Esq., Kingsclere, Newbury. Edwards, Job, Esq., Amesbury, Wilts. Elliott, E. J., Esq., Christchurch, New Zealand.

Elliott, Mr. Henry, Argyle-road, Newbury. Elliott, Mr. Samuel, Newbury. Errington, Rev. J. L., Midgham Vicarage, Reading. Erskine-Zwilchenbart, Mrs., Dean Wood, Newbury. Exeter, The Very Rev. B. M. Cowie, Dean of, the Deanery, Exeter. Eyles, George C, Esq., Acre House, Andover. Eyre, The late Charles, Esq., Welford Park, Newbury. Eyston, Mrs., Hendred House, Wantage. Fellowes, T. Abdy, Esq., Donnington Priory, Newbury. Field Club, Newbury, a member of. Fielder, Frederick, Esq., Whitefield House, Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire. Fisher, Richard, Esq., Winterborne House, Newbury. Flint, Mr. Councillor, Newbury. Fox, Rev. Edward, Upper Heyford Rectory, Banbury. Francklyn, Mrs., Speen Hill Lodge, Newbury. Franks, Augustus Wollaston, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., British Museum. Freebody, Mr. James, Newbury.

Freeman, Mr. James, Stockcross, Newbury. Freeman, Mr. Benson F., Newbury. Freeman, Mr. T. J., Speenhamland, Newbury. Gardiner, Rev. E. I., Rectory, Newbury (2 copies). Garry, Rev. Canon, St. Mary's, Reading. Gibbs, Rev. J. G., St. Mary's, Speenhamland. Gibbs, Robert, Esq., Aylesbury. Gillmore, Mrs., Herborough House, Newbury (4 copies). Godding, Miss E. E., Newbury (4 copies). Godwin, H. Burke, Esq., Town Clerk, Newbury. Godwin, Miss, The Lawn, Speen Hill, Newbury. Gotley, Rev. G. Henniker, Tysoe, Warwick. Gould, Mr. Edward, Cheap-street, Newbury. Graham, Colonel Sir Lumley, Bart., Arlington Manor, Newbury. Gray, James, Esq., Hatcham Lodge, New Cross-road, S.E. Gudgeon, George, Esq., High-street, Winchester. Guilding, Rev. J. M., St. Lawrence's, Reading. Gurney, Thos., Esq., Hartwell, Aylesbury.

Hall, Mr. Councillor, Speenhamland. Hamblin, Mr. Isaac, Speenhamland. Hanson, Sir Reginald, Kt., Lord Mayor, The Mansion House, London, Harnett, Rev. F. W., St. George's Vicarage, Wolverton, Bucks. Hattatt, Mr. J., Marsh Cottage, Newbury. Hawkins, T. E., Esq., Springhill, St. Mary Bourne, Andover. Hawkins, Mr. T., The Bridge, Newbury (12 copies). Hawkins- Black, E. B., Esq., The Chantry, Newbury. Hedges, Kirby Hedges, Esq., the Castle, Wallingford. Hickman, Mr. Alderman, J. P., Newbury. Hill, Alexander Tisdall, Esq., Arlington, Surbiton Hill Park, Surrey. Hill, Mr., Norman-road, Englefield, Reading. Hiscock, Mrs., Ashley House, Speenhamland. Holding, J. Carter, Esq., Elm Grove, Kingsclere. Holding, Wm., Esq., Burghclere Manor, Newbury. Holmes, Henry, Esq., 10 New Square, Lincoln's Inn. Hooper, Rev. Richard, Upton Rectory, Didcot.

Hoskyns, Rev. Sir John, Bart., Aston-Tyrrold Rectory, Wallingford. Howard, The Lady Louisa, Hazelby, East Woodhay, Newbury. Howe, Mr. T. B., Newbury. " Incognitas," Newbury (6 copies). Ingram, Mr. J. B., Newbury. Jackson, Rev. Canon, F.S.A., Leigh Delamere, Chippenham. Jackson, Mr. Alderman, J. P., Newbury. Jackson, Mr. Councillor Alfred, Newbury. James, Mr. E., Pound-street, Newbury. Johnson, Rev. C. A., Enborne Rectory, Newbury. Johnson, Mrs., Enborne Rectory, Newbury. Jones, Professor T. Rupert, F.R.S., F.G.S., io Uverdale-road, King'sroad, Chelsea, S.W. Jones, David Rogers, Esq., Newbury. Jones, Mr. W. Garratt, Kintbury, Hungerford. Joyce, Thomas, Esq., M.D., Cranbrook, Kent. Kelsey, John, Esq., i North Hill Terrace, Highgate. Kemm, W. Cove, Esq., Amesbury, Wilts. Kemp, Mr. J. W. H., Newbury.

King, Lt.-Col. C. Cooper, Kingsclear, Camberley. King, John, Esq., Beedon House, Newbury. Kingsmill, W. Howley, Esq., Sydmonton Court, Newbury. Kintbury Working Men's Club, per Mr. W. Garratt Jones. Kirby, Rev. Thos. F., The College, Winchester. Knight, Mr. Councillor G. Mitchell, Newbury. Knight, Mr. Councillor Stephen, Newbury. Lachlan, Miss, 53 Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park. Lake, Benjamin Greene, Esq., The Priory, Orpington, Kent. Langley, Miss E., 37 and 39 London-street, Reading (2 copies). Langshaw, Rev. T., Silchester Rectory, Reading. Lee, Rev. Frederick George, D.D., F.S.A., All Saints' Vicarage, Lambeth. Lenthall, F. Kyffin, Esq., F.S.A., Besselsleigh Manor, Abingdon. Lewendon, Mr. W. E., Speenhamland. Lincoln, The Very Rev. W. J. Butler, Dean of, the Deanery, Lincoln. Lloyd, Rev. F. LI., Aldworth Rectory, Reading.

London, The Library of the Corporation of the City of. Long, Mr. Councillor, Newbury. Longmore, Rev. P. A., Hermitage Vicarage, Newbury. Louch, T. Quekett, Esq., Donnington Square, Newbury. Lovell, Mr. Councillor, Newbury. Lowsley, Luke, Esq., Manor House, Hampstead Norreys, Newbury. Lowsley, Major, R.E., Limerick. Luck, The Rev. Canon, St. Mary's, East Hendred, Wantage. Ludlow- Bruges, H. H., Esq., St. John's College, Oxford. Lyon, Frank H., Esq., M.D., Thatcham, Newbury. Magdalen College, Oxford, Library of. Mallet, Gilbert, Esq., Newbury. Martin, Charles Trice, Esq., B.A., F.S.A., Public Record Office. Martin, George, Esq., D.Mus. (St. Paul's Cathedral), 4 Amen Court, E.C. Martin, Rev. H., Thatcham House, Newbury. Mason, J. H., Esq., J. P., Newbury. Mason, John, jun., Esq., Newbury. Matthews, T., Esq., Uplands, Newbury.

Matthews, G. A., Esq., Ivy Villa, Beulah Hill, Norwood, Surrey. Mecey, J. W., Esq., Thatcham, Newbury. Merriman, R. W., Esq., Marlborough. Midwinter, Mr. Councillor, Newbury. Money, J. H., Esq., The Shrubbery, Newbury. Money, Miss, The Dene, Donnington, Newbury. Morgan, Rev. H. Thornhill, Crowthorne Vicarage, Wokingham. Morrell, Geo. Herbert, Esq., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford. Morrison, Robert, Esq., Glendale Lodge, Newbury. Mount, W. G, Esq., M.P., Wasing Place, Reading. Mowbray, Sir John R, Bart., M.P., P.C., D.C.L., Warrenes Wood, Mortimer, Reading. Mullings, John, Esq., Cirencester. Nash, Walter L., Esq., The Ham, Wantage. Nash, Mr. J. T., Newbury. Nelson, The Hon. and Rev. J. Horatio, Shaw Rectory, Newbury. Nelson, John Eyre, Esq., Shaw Rectory, Newbury. New College, Oxford, The Rev. J. E. Sewell, D.D., The Warden of.

New, Mr. George, Bartholomew-street, Newbury. Newburyport, U.S.A., The Public Library of, per E. S. Mozeley, Esq. Newton, Robert, Esq., Dunston Lodge, Thatcham, Newbury. Norfolk, His Grace The Duke of, Arundel Castle, Sussex. Nundy, J. T., Esq., Newbury. Nutley, Charles, Esq., Newbury. Osgood, Mr. John, The Bridge, Newbury. Oxford, The Lord Bishop of, Cuddesdon Palace. Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. Packer, H. W., Esq., co. Jno. Packer, Esq., Newbury. Padbury, Mr. G. W., Thatcham, Newbury. Palmer, Montagu, Esq., M.R.C.S., Manor House, Speenhamland. Parry- Webley, Mrs. Manariefed, Boncath, South Wales. Phillips, William, Esq., 15 Woodhurst-road, Acton, W. Pile, Mr. Thos. P., Salisbury Terrace, Newbury. Pinniger, J. Cockburn, Esq., Clerk ofthe Peace, Newbury. Platt, John, Esq., High Constable, Hungerford.

Plenty, E. P., Esq., Burghclere, Newbury. Plumbe, Rowland, Esq., F.R.I. B. A., 13 Fitzroy Square, London, W. Pocock, Miss Clara, Yarborough Lodge, St. Edward's-road, Southsea. Poole-Barlow, Rev. T. G., St. John's Vicarage, Newbury. Poore, Benjamin Perley, Esq., Indian Hill, near Newburyport, U.S.A Portal, Melville, Esq., Laverstoke House, Hants. Portal, Rev. Canon, Burghclere Rectory, Newbury. Povey, Rev. R., Central Falls, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Powell, George, Esq., 30 Moorgate-st., London, E.C. Powis, The Earl of, 45 Berkeley Square, London. Queen's College, Oxford, Library of. Randall, The Ven. Archdeacon, Birchfield House, Langley, Slough. Ravenor, Mr. Councillor, Speenhamland. Reid, Herbert J., Esq., F.S.A., Donnington, Newbury. Ricardo, Capt. G. Craven, Donnington Castle House, Newbury.

Ridley, Rev. N. J., Hollington House, Newbury. Riley, Rev. Canon, St. Joseph's, Speenhamland. Roake, Mr. C, Bartholomew-street, Newbury. Robertson, Mrs., Hollingbourne, Kent. Robinson, Rev. J. H., Woolton Hill Rectory, Newbury Rogerson, Edward, Esq., Kingsdown, Newbury. Rolfe, Mr. R. W., Arundel, Sussex. Royston, J. C, Esq., 3 Vere-road, Ditchling-road, Brighton. Russell, Sir George, M.P., Swallowfield Park, Reading. Rutland, James, Esq., The Gables, Taplow, Maidenhead. Ryott, F. E., Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S., J. P., Newbury. Salisbury, The Lord Bishop of, The Palace, Salisbury. Selby, Walford D., Esq., Public Record Office, London. Sewell, Edward, Esq., Cirencester. Seymour, Henry, Esq., Speenhamland. Silver, S. W., Esq., The Benhams, Letcombe Regis, Wantage. Sim, Col. Edw. Coysgarne, R.E., 32 James-street, Buckingham Gate, S.W. Skinner, William, Esq., East Leigh, Greenham.

Slocock, Charles, Esq., Donnington Lodge, Newbury. Slocock, Rev. O. E., Greenham Vicarage, Newbury. Smith, George Plumer, Esq., 231 South Sixth-street, Philadelphia, U.S.A. (12 copies). Smith, Mrs. Walter, Gloucester Villas, Richmond, Surrey. Smith, Mrs. King, 12 Lambridge, Bath. Smith, Mr. W., 97 London-street, Reading (2 copies). Smithers, Maj. -Gen., The Mount, Newbury. Somerset, F. F., Esq., Greenham House, Newbury. Somerset, H., Esq., Newbury. Southby, Arthur, Esq., Springhurst, Greenham. Staples, Mr. John, Newbury. Stevens, Joseph, Esq., M.D., 128 Oxford-road, Reading. Steward-Falcon, Rev. R. S., Sulhampstead Rectory, Reading. St. John, Lt.-Col. E. J., Slinfold, Horsham, Sussex. Stone, Mr. Councillor, Beaconsfield, Newbury. Stradling, Mr. Alfred, Newbury. Strange, Wm. Jeffrys, Esq., Mile House, Sulhampstead, Reading.

Strawson, G. F., Esq., The Cedars, London-road, Newbury. Stuart-Crichton, Col., Woolton House, Newbury. Surrey, S. A., Esq., London and County Bank, Newbury. Sutton, Sir Richard F., Bart., Benham Park, Newbury. Swayne, H. F., Esq., The Island, Wilton, Salisbury. Sydney, the Free Public Library, per Messrs. Triibner and Co., 57 Ludgate Hill, London. Taylor, John Okey, Esq., J. P., Reading. Ternan, Maj.-Gen. Battle, Speen Hill, Newbury. Terry, Rev. Thomas R., M.A., F.R.A.S., East Ilsley Rectory, Newbury. Teissier, The Rev. Baron de, Bourne House, Newbury. Thomas, J. Blount, Esq., J. P., Southampton. Thurlow, Major, Shaw House, Newbury. Tinkler, John E., Esq., Chetham's Library, Manchester. Trott, Rev. T., Woodspeen House, Newbury. Tuil, A. R., Esq., Crookham House, Newbury. Valpy, R. H., Esq., F.G.S., Enborne Lodge, Newbury.

Vincent, Miss, The Dene, Donnington, Newbury. Wallis, Rev. W. M., Roselands, Bucklebury, Reading. Walter, John, Esq., Bearwood, Wokingham. Wantage, Lord, V.C., K.C.B., Lord- Lieutenant of Berks, Lockinge Park, Wantage. Ward, Capt., R.N., Round Oak, Greenham. Watson, Henry, Esq., M.D., J. P., Borough Coroner, Newbury. Webb, Doran, Esq., Slough. Webster, Thomas, Esq., Killamarsh, Chesterfield. Westminster, The Very Rev. G. G. Bradley, Dean of, the Deanery, Westminster. Whitehurst, The late Rev. J., Farnborough Rectory, Wantage. Wickham, William, Esq., Binsted-wyck, Alton, Hants. Wilder, Frederick, Esq., Purley Court, Reading. Willis, Mr. T., Bartholomew-street, Newbury. Wilson, Mr. Alderman, J. P., Newbury. Windsor Castle, The Royal Library. Wintle, Mr. Councillor, Newbury. Witherington, Duncan H., Esq., i Friar-street, Reading. Woodyer, Henry, Esq., Graffam, Guildford. Wroughton, Philip, Esq., M.P., Woolley Park, Wantage. Wyld, Miss, Knotmead, Mortimer. CONTENTS.

Part I

— The History of the Town of Newbury. chapter I. The Roman and English Settlement on the River Kennet. The Roman station Spinœ ofthe Antonine Itinerary. — Lines ofthe Roman Roads. — The beorgh or hill-fortress in the neighbourhood. — Description of the supposed locality of the Roman station. — Roman remains in and near Newbury. — The Saxon Settlement on the River Kennet. — Traces of original names. — The names of places in the neighbourhood. — The Lot Mead. — The Saxon Coins. — The evidence of the ford. — References to the name Speen. — The natural advantages of the position. — The new bourg .... pp. 3 — 19

Chapter II

The Gift of the Church of Speen to Aufay, in Normandy, c. 1079. The first mention of the name of Newbury. — The Church at Aufay on the river Scie. — Bernard, son of Geoffrey of Neuf Marche, grants the Church of Speen, the tithes held by Everard the Priest, besides twenty shillings from the revenues of Newbury. — The corroborative evidence of the statements made in the charter which is copied by Orderic Vital. — The connection between the families of Heugleville and Neuf Marche. — In 10S6 Humphrey Vis-de-Lew is tenant in capite of Speen. — Bernard signs the King's charter of gifts to Battle Abbey. — Speen afterwards held of the Honour of Brecknock. — The light the previous notes throw on the early history of Newbury pp. 20—29

Chapter III

Grant of the Church and Tithes of Newbury to the Abbey of Preaux in Normandy, c. 10S5. The charter of William the Conqueror from the Cartulary of Notre Dame de Preaux. — Confirmation charters existing. — Extracts from the Taxation of Pope Nicholas referring to property held by the Abbey of Preaux in England. — An account of the Abbey of Preaux b Contents. XVIII and its endowments.-The great benefactor to Newbury, Ernulf T>F HESDING.— His early history.— His connection with England and the manors held by him.-His benefactions to churches.-Var.ous ■ t- ,_-, ,•_- . PP. lO 48 incidents in Ernulf's life rr J

Chapter IV

The Domesday Survey, a.d. 10S6. Berkshire in the Domesday Survey.-Table of the Manors m the Hundred of Thatcham.-AW^J not named, but Ulvntone finds no modern representative, and is in the hands of ERNULF OF HESDING. —The neighbouring Manors of Speen, Bagnor, and Benham.— Notes on the Manor of Ulvritone, and the derivation of its name, pp. 49—57

Chapter V

The Gift of Mills at Newbury to Sandleford Priory, c. 1200. Sandleford, adjoining Newbury, founded by Geoffrey, the fourth Count of Perche, and the Countess Matilda.— The Charter of Con firmation.—Pedigree of the family.— The boundaries of the land of Sandleford.— The Mills at Newbury from which the grant was made. —Various circumstances connected with the history of the Priory. — Present condition of the remains of the Priory. — The evidence derived from the above as to the extent and status of the borough of Newbury at this time PP* _% — 7°

Chapter VI

Newbury in the Twelfth Century. The Manorial History. — The evidence from the Pipe Rolls. — The descent of the property of Ernulf de Hesding. — The family of Patrick de Cadurcis or Chaworth. Incidents connected with Newbury. — The Siege of Newbury in 1 1 52. — The circumstances preceding the siege. — The account of the siege in the chronicles. — The thirteenth-century poem on the Siege of Newbury from the Collection of Sir Thomas Phillips. — The story of William Marshal, the boy-hostage. — The probable site of the Castle of Newbury. — King Henry II. at Newbury in 11 55. — New bury in the reign of Richard I. — Grant of land to the Knights Hospitallers PP* 71 — 101

Chapter VII

Newbury in the Thirteenth Century. The Manorial History.— The Manor of Newbury bestowed by King John on Robert Fitz-Roger.— The Countess of Perche disseized of the Manor.— The Manor of Newbury granted to Geoffrey Fitz-Roy, natural son of King John.— The Manor of Newbury given to William, Contents. XIX Earl of Salisbury, c. 1217.— Connection of the Earl Marshal and his family with Newbury.— Pedigree of the Marshal family.— The marriage of Simon de Montfort and the Princess Eleanor, widow of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, whereby he acquired an interest in the Manor of Newbury.— Testa de Nevill, 1236— 1246.— Newbury as described in the Hundred Rolls, circa 1265.— Death of Simon de Montfort.— A miracle at Newbury attributed to his corpse.— The con nection of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, with Newbury.— The Dictum de Kenilworth.— Family of Simon de Montfort.— The interest of the Mohun family in Newbury, with pedigree. — Roger Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, with pedigree of the family.— The Mortimers, and their connection with Newbury.— The family of de Fortibus, or de Vivonia, with pedigree.— Rentals, &c, in Newbury at close of the thirteenth century.

Incidents connected with Newbury.— King John at New bury, and other places in the neighbourhood, 1200— 12 14.— Grant of a Fair at Newbury to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 121 5.— The King's dogs at Newbury.— Henry III. at Newbury.— The repair of the King's hostelry. — William de Valence and other nobles engaged in a great tournament at Newbury, a.d. 1248 . . . .pp. 102—134

Chapter VIII

Newbury in the Fourteenth Century. The Manorial History.— Matilda Mortimer holds Tenements and Rents in Newbury, a.d. 1301. — Genealogy of the family of Braose, shewing their connection with that of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke. — Property held by Edmund Mortimer, and his son Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, in Newbury. — Properties held by Gilbert de Clare and the Countess Joan, a.d. 1307 ; by Henry de Lacy, a.d. 1 310 ; and by Ailmer of Arey, a.d. 13 13. — Lands and tenements held by John le Farou in Newbury, 1335. — Tenements in Newbury held by William de Hastings, 1349. — The deadly pestilence, a.d. 1348— 1357. — An account of the property at Newbury assigned to the Priory of Sandleford, a.d. 1349. — The Manor of Newbury assigned by Roger Mortimer, second Earl of March, to the Bishop of Winchester and others. — Tenements and Messuages held in Newbury by Sir Richard Abberbury, Thomas de Rous, and John de Estbury. — Edmund Mortimer, third Earl of March, acquires the Manor of Newbury in 1360. — The manor granted to Sir John Lovel for life by Edmund Mortimer. — Lands and Tenements in Newbury held by the Earls of Pembroke, the la Zouches, and Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel.

Incidents connected with Newbury. — Edward II. at New bury, Sandleford Priory, Highclere, and other places in the neigh bourhood.—Further grants to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. — Priors Contents. XX or Wardens of the Hospital.— The "Troyte de Neubury" in the Fourteenth Century PP* r35— l66

Chapter IX

Newbury in the Fifteenth Century. The Manorial History.— Property in Newbury held by Fulke Arches and William la Zouche of Haryngworth — Edmund Mortimer, the fifth Earl of March, holds Newbury.— Pedigree of Mortimer of Wigmore.— The Lordship of Newbury granted by Letters Patent to Cecily, Duchess of York, mother of King Edward IV., A.D. 1461.— Later references to tenements held in fee of the Duchess of York- Property in Newbury granted to Sir Thomas Herbert in 1466 ; which on the death of his son reverted to the Crown. Incidents connected with Newbury. — The Bailiffs of the Town of Newbury, 1400 — 1470. — Priors of St. Bartholomew's Hos pital.—John Chelry's gift to the Church of Newbury, 1438. — A hostelry established by Winchester College at Newbury in 1444.— The Rising at Newbury, 1460. — The Insurrection of the Duke of Buckingham, 14S3 pp. 167—188

Chapter X

Newbury in the Sixteenth Century. The Manorial History. — The Manor of Newbury bestowed by Henry VIII. upon Lady Jane Seymour, and thence on the Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen. — Grant ofthe Tolls ofthe Markets, &c. Incidents connected with Newbury.— Edward, Duke of Buckingham, at Newbury, 1507. — The History of John Winchcombe, otherwise called "Jack of Newbury." — "The Newberrie Archers." — Winchcombe entertains Henry VIIL and Queen Catharine at his house in Newbury. — His death in 1519, and burial in Newbury Church. — The remains of his house in Newbury. — The Dolmans. — Visits of the Protector Somerset to Newbury in 1537, and of Edward VI. to Newbury in 1551. — Constables ofthe town, 1522 — 1553. — Reli gious Prosecutions at Newbury in Queen Mary's reign. — The Gram mar School, 1548 — 1559. — Queen Elizabeth visits Newbury, 1568. — Muster Roll of Inhabitants of Newbury able to bear arms, 1569.— Depositions of witnesses concerning St. Bartholomew's Hospital, I577-78.- List of Priors or Wardens of the Hospital in the sixteenth century.— The property of the Hospital vested in the Mayor and Corporation of Newbury.— Charter granted to the borough of New bury by Queen Elizabeth in 1596 .... pp. 189 229