The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great as described by Arrian, Q. Curtius, Diodoros, Plutarch and Justin. Being translations of such portions of the works of these and other classical authors as describe Alexander's campaigns in Afghanistan, the Panjâb, Sindh, Gedrosia and Karmania. With...

Front matter

OTHER WORKS BY Mr. M'CRINDLE. ANCIENT INDIA As described by the Classical Authors, being a series of copiously annotated translations of all the Greek and Roman texts which relate to India. I Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian. With an Introduction, Notes, and a Map of Ancient India. Bombay, 1877. 8vo . . .5s. nett. The commerce and navigation of the Erythraean Sea, being a translation of the Periplus Maris Erythrœi, and of Arrian's account of the voyage of Nearkhos. Bombay, 1879. Svo 5s. nett. II Ill Ancient India as described by Ktesias the Knidian. Bombay, 1882. 8vo 4s. 6d. nett. [V. Ancient India as described by Ptolemy. With an Introduction, Map of India according to Ptolemy, and a very copious Index. Bombay, 1885. 8vo . . 5s. nett Of the above books few copies remain for sale.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. * * * In rendering the results of Dr. Schwanbeck's industry accessible to English readers by this translation of the collected frag ments of the lost Indika of Megasthenes, perhaps the most trustworthy of the Greek writers on India, Mr. M'Crindle would have performed a most valuable service even had he not enriched the original by the addition of copious critical notes, and a translation of Arrian's work on the same subject. — The Calcutta Review. * * * Mr. M'Crindle's translations of the accounts of Ancient India by Megasthenes and Arrian, is a most valuable contribution to our knowledge of the subject in the days when Greeks and Romans were ruling the world. — The Pioneer. * * * Mr. M 'Crindle deserves the thanks of all who take an interest in Ancient India, and, should he be able to fulfil his promise to translate "the entire series of classical works relating to India," he will give an impetus to the study of the early civilisation of this country among native as well as European scholars. — The Madras Times. * * * He is to be congratulated on having made a very useful con tribution to the popular study of Indian antiquities. — The Westminster Review. * * * To those students who have neither the learned work of Dr. Vincent, nor the Geographi Grœci Minores of C. Midler within reach, this handy volume (Megasthenes) will prove very serviceable. — The Academy. * * * The fragments of the Indika of Megasthenes, collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, with the first part of the Indika of Arrian, the Periplus Maris Erythræi, and Arrian's account of the voyage of Nearkhos, have been translated, in two most useful volumes, by Mr. J. W. M'Crindle, M.A. The Indika of Ktesias with the fifteenth book of Strabo is also promised, and the sections referring to India in Ptolemy's Geography would complete a collection of the highest value to Indian history. — Note, under the article India, in the new edition of " The Encyclopædia Britannica." * * * The amount of patient and scholarly work which they indicate is of the kind that we are rather accustomed to look for from a German savant, and can hardly be properly appreciated by one who does not know by experience the difficulties of such investigations. — The Scottish Geographical Magazine. * * * What he has proposed to do has been very carefully worked out.

His notes are of special interest. — The Jour. R. As. Soc. * * * Mr. M'Crindle has earned a solid reputation by his learned research on subjects connected with Ancient India, and his latest pro duction, Ancient India as described by Ptolemy, will be appreciated by scholars and geographers. — Ihe Scotsman. * * * Mr. M'Crindle, who has translated divers of the old accounts of Arrian, Megasthenes, and others, now comes forward to give us a "succinct account of Ptolemy's geographical system," to show us how the disguise of places named by that writer can be pierced, and to push etymological inquiry to somewhat dim and distant limits. He is entitled to credit for research, diligence, and knowledge of his subject. — The Saturday Review. ANCIENT INDIA ITS INVASION BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT Content fe (Rog afiraore pfoura ce ptftc qutf onf ce eon cf)eustf QSuctffftf qut ee mourotf ALEX \ S D E R T HE G R E A T M O U K N 1 N i: THE DEATH O I* BOTJKEl> HALOS THE INVASION OF INDIA BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT AS DESCRIBED BY ARRIAN Q- CURTIUS DIODOROS PLUTARCH AND JUSTIN BEING TRANSLATIONS OF SUCH PORTIONS OF THE WORKS OF THESE AND OTHER CLASSICAL AUTHORS AS DESCRIBE ALEXANDER'S CAMPAIGNS IN AFGHANISTAN THE PANJAB SINDH GEDROSIA AND KARMANIA WITH AN

Introduction

CONTAINING A LIFE OF ALEXANDER COPIOUS NOTES ILLUSTRATIONS MAPS AND INDICES BY J W M'CRINDLE M-A M-R-A-S F-RS-GS LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE GOVERNMENT COLLEGE PATNA AND FELLOW OF THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY MEMBER OF THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY Q8tetminBttt ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND COMPANY 14 PARLIAMENT STREET S-W MDCCCXCIII All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations ix Preface ...... xi Introduction, containing a Life of Alexander . 3 Arrian . . . . . -57 Q. Curtius Rufus . . . . .183 Diod6ros . . . . . .269 Plutarch ...... 305 Justin . . . . . .321 Appendices — Notes A-L/ . . . . 331 Biographical Appendix . . . 375 General Index . . . . .417 Index of Authorities quoted or referred to . LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Alexander the Great Mourning for Boukephalos .

Frontispiece By the Autotype Company from a French MS. in the British Museum of the Life of Alexander the Great, written in the fifteenth century. FIG. PAGE I. LvsiMACHOS . . . Gold coin of Lysimachos (B.C. 306- 281), struck at Lysimachia, in the British Museum . . . .16 2. ARISTOTLE . . . From an intaglio gem, engraved on sard, in the British Museum . 16 3. Seal of Darius . . . From a cylinder of chalcedony, inscribed "I am Darius the great king," in Persian, Median, and Babylonian, in the Brit. Museum 29 4. Alexander the Great . On a silver coin struck in Thrace by Lysimachos, in the Brit. Museum . 48 5. DlODOTOS .... On a gold stater struck in Baktria, in the British Museum ... 52 6. Antiochos the Great . On a gold coin (b.c 222-187), in the British Museum .... 52 7. Euthydemos . . . On a silver Baktrian coin, in the British Museum .... 53 8.

The Tyrian Herakles . On a silver coin struck at Tyre (b.c 125), in the British Museum . 71 9. EumenIiS .... Silver coin of Eumenes I. (B.C. 263- 241), struck at Pergamos, in the British Museum . . . .120 10. Ptolemy Soter . . On a silver coin (B.C. 306-284), in the British Museum . . . -151 11. Indian Bowman . . From a coin of Chandragupta II. (a.d. 395-415), in the Brit. Mus . 210 12. Sdr-HYTfis .... From a silver coin, in the Brit. Mus. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS X PAGE FIG. 13- Greek Warship . . From a silver coin of Sidon, in the British Museum .... 316 14. Seleucus Nicator . . Obverse of a silver coin struck in Pergamos, in the British Museum 327 15. Eukratid£s . . . On a silver Baktrian coin, in the British Museum .... 344 16. Anti machos . . . On a silver Baktrian coin, in the British Museum .... 370 17.

Agathokles . . . Silver coin of Agathokles, in the British Museum . . . 371 18. Heliokles . . . On a silver Baktrian coin, in the British Museum . . . 371 19. Apollodotos . . . On a silver Baktrian coin, in the British Museum .... 372 20. As'uka Inscription . . Reduced from an impression of the Kalsi Edict by Dr. James Burgess, CI.E 373 21. Antigonos Gonatas . . Silver coin of Antigonos Gonatas (B.C. 277-239), in the Brit. Mus. . 376 22. Antigonos Doson . . Silver coin of Antigonos Doson (b.c 229-220), in the British Museum . 377 23. Antiochos II. . . . On a silver coin (b.c 261-246), in the British Museum .... 377 24. Demetrios Poliorketes . Silver coin of Demetrios Poliorketes (B.C. 294-288), in the Brit. Mus. . 383 25. Ptolemy III. . . . On a gold coin (b.c 247-222), in the British Museum .... 403 MAPS Map of Alexander's Route in the Panjab .... Facing 57 Map of the Route taken by Alexander in his Asiatic Expedition