Pictorial History of the Civil War in the United States of America. By B. J. Lossing. Illustrated by many hundred engravings on wood, by Lossing and Barritt, etc

Front matter

PIRESOIBENT I D N (3 ® B. W ftWB) Mil® e^BifJET, WHM 1? SEHl 8©®TT D'M YME (SCDUNSaO. (SMAMIBtEDB *\TT fK E SHITE (HKDOJ© E0 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAK IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. By BENSON J. LOSSING. ILLUSTRATED BY MANY HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, BY LOSSING AND BAREITT, FROM SKETCHES BY THE AUTHOR AND OTHERS. VOLUME I. PHILADELPHIA: GEORGE W. CHILDS, PUBLISHER, SOUTHWEST CORNER SIXTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 1866. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S66, By BENSON J. LOS SING, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

Preface

HE task of making a record of the events of the late Civil War in our Republic is not a pleasant one for an American citizen. It would be more consonant with his wishes to bury in oblivion all knowledge of thosci events which compose the materials of the sorrowful story of a strife among his brethren, of terrible energy and woeful operations. But that privilege is denied him. The din of the conflict was heard all over the world, and people of all nations were spectators of the scene. The fact cannot be hidden. It has become a part of the history of the inhabitants of the earth, and will forever occupy a conspicuous place in the annals of man kind. What remains for the American citizen to do, is to see that the stylus of history shall make a truthful record. I imposed upon myself the task of making, so far as my ability and an honest purpose would permit, a correct delineation of the events of the conflict, carefully drawn by the pen and pencil, for the consideration and advantage of posterity.

I entitle my work " A History of the Civil War," but I ask for it no higher consid eration than that of a faithful chronicle, having the form of his tory, and aspiring to perform its highest duty, namely : to inspire mankind with a love of justice and a hatred of its opposite, and of every thing that impedes the onward and upward march of humanity. Taking it for granted that the reader, with the facts plainly set before him, is capable of forming just conclusions, I have confined my labors chiefly to the recording of those facts ; and have only given opinions and speculations concerning their relations, and the evident motives of the chief actors in the drama ; sufficient for hints for thought and premises for reasoning, without enlarging

PREFACE.

. 4 into argument or endeavoring to forestall the judgment. For the assistance of that judgment, there will be found in the concluding chapter of this work an outline history of the settlement of our country ; of the growth of the nation ; of the system of slave-labor, and its influence upon society ; of the cotton-plant, and its relations and power ; of immigration from Europe, and its results ; and of the alienation of feeling produced by controversies on the subject of slavery. These are elements of the great Cause, of which the civil war was the Effect. Satisfied that the Rebellion was the work of a few ambitious men, who for selfish purposes, and without excuse, conspired to overthrow the Republic, I have given prominence to their sayings and those of their co-workers and abettors, not with a partisan spirit, to keep animosities alive (for I would gladly blot their utter-. ances from the memory of man), but that posterity may know, and profit by the knowledge, how and by whom the people of a group of States were deceived, and cruelly wronged, and arrayed against their government, which has been seldom accused, and never con victed, of a single act of injustice or oppression.1 It seemed just to the loyal people of the land everywhere to make this record, and in their name to disclaim these utterances as being any indication of the spirit and temper of the American people.

The Republic has survived the strife within its bosom, and it now bears on, in the great procession of nations, its precious burden of Free Institutions and Democratic Ideas, as nobly and vigorously as ever. The Union has been preserved, and its broad mantle of Love and Charity covers all its children with its ample folds. There should be no more strife— no more alienations ; for the true interest of each individual of the family is the highest in terest ot all. If the sorrowful Past may not be forgotten (and. it is best that it should not be forgotten), let the remembrance of it be a chastening monitor and tutor ; and let all who feel aggrieved be willing to forgive. Wishing to secure the advantages of a personal knowledge, by actual examination, of the principal battle-fields of the war, and the topography of the regions over which the great armies moved, and to make sketches of whatever might seem useful as illustrations of the subject, I did not begin the preparation of this work for the ' See speech of Alexander H. Stephens at Milledgeville, Georgia, November 14, 1S60, noticed on nase, 53 to 17 inclusive, of this volume. '^ ■"»"»•»■■

PREFACE.

. 5 press until the close of the conflict, late in the spring of 1865. Then the proportions of that conflict were known, and its several events were so well comprehended, that it was not a difficult task to give to each act and scene its relative position and due promi nence, while compressing the whole narrative into a space so small as to make the chronicle accessible to the great body of my coun trymen. I have endeavored to give a popular narrative of the struggle without much criticism, and as free from technical terms and tediousness of detail as possible, leaving the preparation of a scientific and critical history of the Avar to military experts, who are more competent for the task. I gladly availed myself of the labors of others with pen and pencil, who kindly permitted me to make use of unpublished ma terials — such as drawings, photographs, diaries, and letters ; and I am specially indebted to the courtesy of the proprietors of Harper' s Weekly and Frarili, Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, whose artists accompanied the great armies throughout the whole struggle, and preserved the lineaments of a thousand objects which were soon swept away by the storms of war.

I was accorded free access to all official reports allowed to be made public ; and chiefly from these and the drawings of engineers, the narratives of marches, battles, and sieges were compiled, with accompanying maps and plans. In the work will be found the portraits of the prominent actors, civil and military, of both parties to the conflict ; also views and plans of battle-grounds ; head-quarters of officers ; weapons and ships of war ; forts ; arsenals ; medals of honor, and other gifts of gratitude ; costumes of soldiers ; flags ; banners ; badges ; and a great variety of other objects whereby the eye may be in structed concerning the materials used in the conflict. The engravings, whilst they embellish the book, have been in troduced for the higher purposes of instruction, and are confined to the service of illustrating facts.

They have been prepared un der my direct supervision ; and great pains have been taken to make them correct delineations of the objects sought to be repre sented. In each volume will be found a table of contents, and a list of illustrations ; and, at the close of the work, a copious ana lytical index. There will also be found biographical sketches of the prominent actors in the war, civil and military, arranged in cyclopedia form, and making an important Biographical Dic tionary. I am profoundly grateful to my personal friends, and to my

PREFACE.

. 6 countrymen of every degree, from the most humble citizen and soldier to statesmen, army-and navy officers of every rank, governors, and the President and his cabinet ministers, who kindly aided me in my labors in the collection of materials for this work. It would be a pleasant privilege to mention the name of each, but they are legion, and for obvious reasons it may not be done. But I can not, without a violation of my sense of justice, refrain from ex pressing my gratitude to Mr. Childs, the publisher, for his untir ing and zealous'aid and encouragement from the incej^tion of the work, early in 1862, and his generous liberality in bringing it out in the beautiful and costly manner in which it is presented. B. J. L. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., January 1, 1866. VOLUME I.

Chapter I. Political Conventions In

1860. Preliminary Observations, page 17.— Democratic Convention at Charleston, 18.— The " Cincinnati Platform," 21. — Conflicting Reports on a Platform of Principles— Secession of Delegates, 22.— Balloting lor a Candidate, 23.— Seceders' Convention, 24— Adjourned Democratic Convention in Baltimore, 25.— Another Secession, 26.— Nomination of Stephen A. Donglas for the Presidency, 2T.— Nomination of John C. Breckinridge withe Presidency, 28. — National Constitutional Union Convention, 29— Nomination of John Bell for the Presidency, 30.— Republican Convention, 31.— "Nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, 32.— The Four Parties, 33.— The Contest, and Election of Lincoln, 34.

Chapter II. Preliminary Rebellious Movements

The Votes at the Election, 36. — Incendiary Work of Politicians, 37. — The Press and the Pulpit, 3S. — Designs of the Oligarchy, 39. — Firing "the Southern Heart" — John C. Calhoun, 41. — Virginia Politicians, 42. — Conspirators in Buchanan's Cabinet, 43. — Rebellious Movements in South Carolina, 46. — Resignation of National Officers, 48. — Rejoicings in Charleston and Columbia — Excitement in Slave-labor States, 49. — Secession in the South Carolina Legislature, 50. — Secession Movements in Georgia, 51. — Union Speech of Alexander H. Stephens, 53. — The Political Advantages enjoyed by the Southern States, 57. — Proceedings of the Georgia Legislature, 58. — Secession in Mississippi, 59. — Secession in Alabama and Florida, 60. — Proceedings in Louisiana, 61. — Attitude of Texas and North Carolina, 62. — Disunion long contemplated, 63.

Chapter III. Assembling- Of Congress

— THE PRESIDENT^ MESSAGE. Meeting of the Thirty-sixth Congress, 64. — President Buchanan's Message, 65. — The Fugitive Slave Law, 67. — Personal Liberty Acts, 6S. — Opinion of Attorney-General Black, 70. — Secession impossible, 71. — The President's Indecision and Recommendations — Denunciations of the Message, 73. — Disappointment of the People, 74. — Movements of the Clergy — "Warnings of General Scott, 75. — General Wool's Letter to General Cass, 76. — Resignation of Cass — Fast-Day proclaimed, 77. — Clingman's Treasonable Speech in the Senate, 7S. — Crittenden's Kebuke — Hale's Defiance, and the Anger of the Conspirators, 79. — Iverson's Treasonable Speech in the Senate, 80, — Speeches of Senators Davis and Wigfall, 81. — Cotton proclaimed King, 82. — The Cotton " Kingdom," 83. — Wigfall's insolent Harangue, 84.

Chapter IV. Seditious Movements In Congress

SECESSION IN SOUTH CAROLINA, AND ITS EFFECTS. Conduct of Southern Representatives in Congress— Committee of Thirty-three, S6.— Amendments to the Constitution proposed, 87.— The "Crittenden Compromise," 89.— Temper and "Wishes of the South Carolina Politicians, 91. — Earlier Secession Movements, 92. — Memminger on a Revolutionary Mission to Virginia — Why Virginians hesitated, 94.— Power of the Politicians in South Carolina, 95.— R. Barnwell Rhett and his Incendiary Speech, 90. — Appeals to the Passions of the People — Officers of the Army and Navy invited to resign, 97. — A Gala Day in Charleston — Secession foreordained, 98. — Assembling of the South Carolina CONTENTS. Secession Convention, 100.— Reassembling in Charleston, 101.— Proceedings of the Convention, 102.—Re joicings in Charleston, 104 — Signing of the Ordinance, 10G. — Commissioners to Washington appointed. 109. —Addresses and Declaration, 109-110.— The Nationality of South Carolina proclaimed, 111.— Rejoicings because of the Revolutionary Act at Charleston, 118. — Impressions in the Free-labor States, 114.— Financial Condition of the Country, 115. t

Chapter V. Events In Charleston And Charleston Harbor In December

1800. THE CON SPIRATORS ENCOURAGED BT THE GOVERNMENT POLICY. Fortifications in Charleston Harbor, 117. — Major Anderson takes Command and warns the Government, US. — Treason in the War Department — Alarm of the Conspirators in Congress, 120. — The Conspirators supplied with Arms, 121. — Military Preparations in Charleston, 124. — The Government deaf to Warnings and Suggestions of Anderson and Scott, 125. — Seizure of Fort Monroe contemplated, 12G. — Disruption of Buchanan's Cabinet, 127. — Anderson and his Garrison leave Fort Moultrie and occupy Fort Sumter, 129.— Raising of the Flag over Sumter, 130.— Rage of the Conspirators— Joy of the Loyalists, 131.— Mrs. Anderson's Journey to Fort Sumter and back, 133.— Preparations to attack Fort Sumter, 136.— Seizure of Forts in Charleston Harbor, 137.— Seizure of the Custom House and Post-Office, 139.

Chapter VI. Affairs At The National Capital

WAR COMMENCED IN CHARLESTON HARBOR. Excitement throughout the Country — Withdrawal of South Carolina Representatives from Congress, 140. — Action of New York Representatives, 141. — State of Feeling in Washington City, 142. — Intentions of the Conspirators, 143.— Robbery of the Indian Trust-Funds, 144.— Resignation of Secretary Floyd— Cabinet Changes, 146. — South Carolina Commissioners in Washington, 147. — Their Correspondence with the President, 14S. — The President on New Years Day, 151. — Departure of the Commissioners — Preparations to re-enforce Fort Smnter, 152. — Expedition of the Star of the West, 153. — Preparations to attack Fort Sumter — The Seizure of National Forts recommended, 154. — Approach of the Star of the West, 155. — She is driven from Charleston Harbor, 156.— Boastings and Sufferings of the Conspirators, 15S.— Correspondence between Major Anderson and Governor Pickens, 159. — The Surrender of Fort Sumter demanded and refused, 160.

Chapter VII. Secession Conventions In Sis States

Minute-Men — Seizure of Forts in North Carolina, 161. — Secession Movements in Mississippi, 162. — Secession Convention, 163. — Blockade of the Mississippi at Vicksburg — Preparations for War, 164. — Secession Convention in Florida, 165. — Preparations to seize Fort Pickens, 166. — Occupation of Fort Pickens by Lieutenant Slemmer 167.— Pensacola Navy Yard surrendered, 169.— Seizure of Chattahoochie Arsenal, 170.— Demand for the Surrender of Fort Pickens, 171. — Secession Convention in Alabama. 172. — Opposition to Secession, 173.— Rejoicings in Mobile— Seizure of Forts Morgan nnd Gaines, 175.— Work of Conspirators in Georgia — Treasonable Movements in Washington City, 176. — Toombs urges the Georgians to rebel — Anxiety of Professed Unionists, 177. — Secession Convention in Georgia, 178. — Seizure of Fort Pulaski, 179. — Position of Louisiana — Doings of her Disloyal Politicians, 1S0. — Seizure of Forts, and Baton Rouge Arsenal, 181.

The Marine Hospital seized— Secession Convention, 1S2. — Slidell's Seditious Letter, 183.— Pelican Fla" blessed, 1S4.— Secretary Dix's Order to 6hoot any one who should attempt to haul down the American Flag— Seizure of the Mint, 185.— State of Public Feeling in Texas, 1S6.— Knights of the Golden Circle- Loyal Action of Governor Houston, 1S7. — Secession Convention in Texas— Committee of Safety, 1S8.— The Governor and the Secessionists at War, 1S9.— Houston's Patriotism overcome, 190. The Powers of the People usurped, 191.

Chapter VIII. Attitude Of The Border Slave-labor States, And Of The Free-labor

STATES. Emissaries of the Conspirators at Work, 192.— The Virginia Legislature, 193.— A Peace Convention proposed— Attitude of Virginia— Virginia Conspirators in Congress— Position of Maryland, 195.— Action of Governor Hicks, 196,-IIe is denounced as a "Traitor to tho South," 197.-Loyal Action of Delaware and North Carolina—The Latter sympathizes with the Slave-labor States, 19S.— Disloyal Action of the Governor of Tennessee—The People overwhelmingly for the Union— Position of Kertuckv, 199.— Convention of Union and Douglas Men— Action of the Legislature— Attitude of Missouri. 200. —Treason of Governor Jackson- Arkansas resists Secession, 201.— Loyal Attitude of Maine nnd Massachusetts, 202.— Action of Rhode CONTENTS. 9 Island— Patriotic Resolutions in the New Tork Legislature, 204.— The Secession of the City of New Tork proposed by its Mayor, 205.— Alarm iu Commercial Circles— Meetings in New York, 200.— Democratic Convention at Albany— "American Society for Promoting National Union," 20T.— Action in New Jersey, 20S.— Great Meeting in Philadelphia, 209.— Action of the Pennsylvania Legislature, 210.— Patriotic Attitude of Ohio and Indiana, 211.— Patriotic Proceedings in Michigan and Illinois, 212.— Wisconsin and Iowa pledge their Aid to the Government, 213.— Minnesota true to the Union, 214.— Encouragement for the Conspira tors, 215.

Chapter IX. Proceedings In Congress

— DEPARTURE OF CONSPIRATORS. Line between Loyalists and Disloyalists distinctly drawn— Conspirators in Congress, 216.— The Conspiracy revealed by a "Southern Man," 217.— The People alarmed— Unsatisfactory Message from President Buchanan, 218. — Position of the President— General Wool's Warning— Firmness of the Union Men in Congress, 219.— Jefferson Davis's Proposition to amend the Constitution, 220.— Useless Labors of the two great Committees — Senator Clark's Proposition— Conspirators determined on Disunion, 221.— Action of the Senate Committee of Thirteen— Of the House Committee of Thirty-three, 222.— Debates on Crittenden's Propositions— Toombs declares himself a Rebel, 224.— Hunter's Propositions, 225.— Seward's Position defined— Union Speeches, 226-227. — Final Action on the Crittenden Compromise — Withdrawal of Disloyal Senators, 228.— Seizure of Arms in New Tork, 230.— Slidell's last Speech in the Senate. 231.— Senator Benjamin's last Speech in Congress, 232. — Disloyal Representatives leaving Congress — Conciliatory Action of the Union Members, 233.— C. F. Adams's Resolution, 234.

Chapter X. Peace Movements

— CONVENTION OF CONSPIRATORS AT MONTGOMERY. Assembling of the Peace Convention at Washington City, 235. — Sincerity of the Virginia Politicians suspected — Instructions to Massachusetts and New Tork Delegates, 236. — Other Delegates instructed — John Tyler President of the Convention, 237. — Mr. Guthrie's Report, 23S. — Other Propositions, 239. — Adoption of Guthrie's Report, 240. — Reverdy Johnson's Resolution — Proposed Articles of Amendment, 241. — Action of Congress on Compromises, 242. — The People and the Failure of the Peace Conference, 243. — Tyler's Treachery — General Scott's Desire for Peace indicated, 244. — His Letter to Mr. Seward — Professor Morse's Plan for Reconciliation, 245. — Meeting of Conspirators at Montgomery, 24S. — Policy of South Carolinians — A Confederacy of "Seceded" States proposed, 250. — A Provisional Constitution adopted, 251. — South Carolinians rebellious — Jefferson Davis elected " President," and Alexander H. Stephens " Vice-President " of the Confederacy, 252. — Stephens's Speeches — Committees appointed, 253. — Action of the Convention concerning a Flag for the " Confederacy," 254. — First Assumption of Sovereignty — South Carolinians offended, 256. — Davis journeys to Montgomery — His Reception and Inauguration, 257. — Davis's Cabinet, 258. — Sketch of Davis and Stephens, 259. — " Confederate " Commissioners cent to Europe — Stephens expounds the Principles of the New " Government," 260.

Chapter XI. The Montgomery Convention

— TREASON OF GENERAL TWIGGS. — LINCOLN AND BUCHANAN AT TnE CAPITAL. Arrogance and Folly of the Conspirators illustrated, 262 — Financial Schemes of the Conspirators— Reliance on Cotton — Permanent Constitution adopted, 263.— Its Character— Assumption of Power and Sovereignty, 264. —Treason of General Twiggs in Texas, 265.— Surrender of National Troops and Forts to the Insurgents, 267.— Twiggs degraded anil honored— Bad Faith of the Insurgents. 26S.— Scenes at San Antonio, 269.— Forts surrendered, 270. — Earl Van Dorn in Texas, 271. — National Troops under Sibley made Prisoners— Capture of the Star of the West, 272. — Troops under Reese made Prisoners — Texas a Part of the Confederacy — The Confederate Constitution and the Secession Conventions, 273. — How the People were misled and betrayed — The Spirit of Jefferson Davis — Abraham Lincoln, 274.— Mr. Lincoln's Departure for Washington City, 275. — His Journey and short Speeches, 276. — Conspiracy against his Life, 278. — His Narrative of his Journey from Philadelphia to Washington, 279.— The Conspiracy in Baltimore, 2S1.— Lincoln at the Capital, 282.— Commissioner from South Carolina, 2S3.— Secretary Holt's Letter, 284.— How the President's Resolution was strengthened, 285. — Commissioner from Alabama, 286.

Chapter XII. The Inauguration Of President Lincoln, And

TnE IDEAS AND POLICY OF TnE GOVERNMENT. "Military Preparations for the Inauguration, 2S7.— The Inauguration, 289.— Lincoln's Inaugural Address, 290 — The Inauguration Ball, 294.— Cabinet Ministers appointed, 295.— Opinions of the President's Inaugural Address, 296.— Financial Condition of the Government, 297.— The Army— Forts and Arsenals seized by the CONTENTS. Insurants, 29S.-The Navy, 299,-Purging of the Public Offices of Disloyal Men-" Confederate Com missioners'at Washinaton, 300.— The Secretary of State refuses to acknowledge them— His "Memorandum^ 301 —The Theory of the Government and the Insurrection— A Go-between, 302.— The "Commissioners final Letter, 303.-Judge Campbell's Letter, 304.-Its Use and Effect, 305.-Secret History concerning -he attempt to re-enforce and relieve the Garrison in Fort Sumter, S06.

Chapter XIII. The Siege And Evacuation Of Fort Sumter

Determination of South Carolinians to have Possession of Fort Sumter— Military Preparations to that End. 310. —Floating Battery at Charleston, 312.— Trying Position of Major Anderson— Anderson expected to leave Fort Sumter— His Appeals to his Government, 314.— Communication with Charleston cut off— The Crisis, 315.— Virginia Traitors in Charleston— Pryor's Speech, 316.— Beauregard demands the Surrender of Fort Sumter, 317.— Relief Squadron off Charleston Bar, 319.— Thunder-storm— Fort Sumter attacked, 320.— The Garrison in Sumter, 321.— The Fire of the Insurgents answered, 322.— The Relies Squadron seen in the Storm. 328.— Effects of the Bombardment on Fort Sumter— Second Day of the Siege, 324.— The Fort on fire, 325.— The Flag shot away and replaced— Wigfall at the Fort, 826.— Agreement to evacuate the Fort, 323.'— The Defenders of Fort Sumter, 329.— Rejoicings in Charleston— The Old Flag saluted. 330.— Evacuation of Fort Sumter, 331.— Honors to Major Anderson, 332.— The Sumter Medals, 333.

Chapter XIV. The Great Uprising Of

TnE PEOPLE. Excitement throughout the Country, 335.— The President calls for Troops to put down the Insurrection- Extraordinary Session of Congress called, 336. — Requisition of the Secretary of War — Replies of Disloyal Governors, 337.— Some Newspapers on the Call for Troops, 338.— The "Conservatives"— The Conspirators at Montgomery, 339.— Utterances of the Disloyal Press, 341.— How a "lUnited South " was produced— Boastings of the Loyal Press. 342. — Providence favors both Sides — Fiags and Letter Envelopes attest the Loyalty of the People, 343. — Uprising in the Slave-labor States — The Writer in New Orleans, 344. — Excitement in New Orleans, 345. — " On to Fort Pickens !" — A Sunday in New Orleans, 346. — Effects of the President's Proclamation— Unionists silenced, 347. — Journey Northward — Experiences in Mississippi and Tennessee, 348. — Treason of General Pillow, 349. — Alarming Rumors, 350.— First Glad Tidings — Conspirators in Council, 351. — Scenes on a Journey through Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, 352. — Attitude of New York City, 354. — Great War Meeting at Union Square, New York, 355. — Speeches of Representative Democrats elsewhere, 357. — Impressions of an Intelligent Englishman among the Citizens of New York. 858.— Resolutions of the Great Meeting, 360.

Chapter XV. Siege Of Fort Pickens

— DECLARATION OF WAR. — THE VIRGINIA CONSPIRATORS, AND THE PROPOSED CAPTURE OF WASHINGTON CITY. The Florida Forts, 361.— Affairs at Key West, 362.— The Secessionists watched— Forts Jefferson and Taylor re-enforced, 363. — Siege of Fort Pickens — Hesitation of the Government, 364 — Orders to re-enforce Fort Pickens, 365.— Lieutenant Worden sent to Pensacola, 366. — A Loyal Spy, 367. — Fort Pickens re-enforced, 368.— Imprisonment of Worden — Colonel Brown relieves Lieutenant Slemmer, 369. — Honors to the Defenders of Fort Pickens, 370.— Jefferson Davis authorizes Piracy, 371.— The President's Proclamation concerning Pirates — Action of the "Confederate" Congress, 372. — The "Confederate" Navy, 373. — Treachery of Professed Unionists. 374. — Convention of Virginia Secessionists, 375. — Virginia Commissioners in Washington, 876.— How the Virginia Ordinance of Secession was passed, 377.— The Richmond Secessionists jubilant, 37S.— Alexander H. Stephens in Richmond— The Seizure of Washington the chief Object of the Conspirators, 379. — The Offenders wish to " Be let Alone," 881.

Chapter XVI. Secession Of Virginia And

NORTn CAROLINA DECLARED. SEIZURE OF HARPER*S FERRY AND GOSPORT NAVY YARD. — TnE FIRST TROOPS IN WASHINGTON FOR ITS DEFENSE. A. H. Stephens in the Virginia Convention, 382.— Military League with the Conspirators at Montgomery 8S3 —The People at an Election awed by Bayonets— Senator Mason's Letter. 3S4.— North Carolinn ruled by Usurpers— Ordinance of Secession adopted, 3S5.— Seizure of the Arsenal at Fayetteville— Mischievous Work begins in Tennessee, 3S6.— Tennessee leagued with the "Confederacy," 3S7.— Usurpation and Fraud in Tennessee, 3SS.— Designs against Harper's Ferry, 390.— Destruction at Harper's Ferry 391 —The Navv Tard and Vessels at Gosport, 392.— Effect of Treachery and Weakness, 394.— Admiral Pauldin Stormy CONTENTS. 11 Events at Norfolk, 395.— Burning of the Gosport Navy Yard, 396. — Advantages gained by the Insurgents, 89S.— False Pretenses of the Conspirators, 399. — Secessionists in Washington, 400.— Massachusetts Troops called for, 401. — Response of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 402. — Arming in .Connecticut and New Jer sey. 403. — Pennsylvanians marching for the Capital, 404.— Riotous Movements in Baltimore, 405.— The First Defenders of the Capital, 406.

Chapter XVII. Events In And Near The National Capital

The Conspirators alarmed by the Loyalty of the People, 409. — Attack on Massachusetts Troops in Baltimore, 411^13.— Pennsylvania Troops attacked, 414.— The Mob triumphant, 415.— Attitude of the Public Authorities, 416. — Destruction of Railway Bridges authorized and executed, 417.— Connection with the Capital cut off— The first Mail through Baltimore, 418. — Degrading Proposition to the Government rebuked, 419. — The President and Baltimore Embassies — Defection of Army Officers, 420. — Resignation of Colonel Lee 421. — His Inducements to be loyal, 422. — Arlington House and its Surroundings — Designs against Washington City, 423. — Preparations to defend the Capital — "Cassius M. Clay Guard." 424. — The Massacre in Baltimore — The Martyrs on that Occasion honored, 426. — Their Funeral and Monument, 427. — The Honor of Maryland vindicated — New York aroused, 423. — The Union Defense Committee and its Work. 429. — Active and Patriotic Labors of General Wool, 430. — The Government and General Wool— His Services applauded, 43L

Chapter XVIII. The Capital Secured

MARYLAND SECESSIONISTS SUBDUED. CONTRIBUTIONS BY THE PEOPLE. Departure of the New York Seventh Regiment, 433. — Troops under General Butler — Spirit of the People. 434. — Butler's Expedition to Maryland, 435. — Frigate Constitution saved, 436. — National Troops at Annapolis, 437. — Preparations to march through Maryland, 438. — The March to Annapolis Junction, 439. — The New York Seventh in Washington — Winans's Steam-Gun, 440. — Exasperation against Baltimore, 441. — Plans of Scott and Butler against Baltimore, 442. — Opposing Forces in Maryland, 443. — Loyal Troops pass through Baltimore, 445. — Butler's Descent on Baltimore, 446. — Butler's Proclamation, 447. — Butler recalled from Baltimore, 44S. — Exercise of War Powers by the President — The Writ of Habeas Corpus, 449. — Imprisonment of alleged Disloyalists, 450. — Movements in the National Caj>ital, 452. — Preparations of the Conspirators for War — Darkening of Light-houses, 453.

Chapter XIX. Events In The Mississippi Valley

— THE INDIANS. Ohio prepares for War, 454.— Indiana makes ready for the Conflict. 455.— Illinois vigilant and active, 456. — Last Public Services of Senator Douglas, 457. — Michigan ready — Position of the Kentuekians, 45S. — Buckner and the State Guard— His Treason, 459. — Effects of Conditional Unionism, 460.— Missouri State Convention, 461. — The Convention and the Legislature, 463. — Treason of Military and Civil Officers. 464.— Union Organizations in St. Louis, 466.— An Insurgent Camp at St. Louis, 467.— Capture of Camp Jackson, 46S.— General Harney, 469. — An Armistice agreed upon — Generals Lyon and Price, 470. — Thij Militia of Missouri called out, 471.— Cairo fortified and garrisoned — Its Importance, 472. — Secession Convention in Arkansas, 473. — Fraud and Violence, 474. — Rebel Emissaries among the Indians, 475. — John Ross — Indian Loyalists overpowered, 476. — Ross and the Secessionists, 477.

Chapter XX. Commencement Of Civil War

Uprising of the Southern People, 47S. — Character of the early Volunteers, 479. — The Insurgents on Arlington Hights — Invasion of Virginia by National Troops, 460.— Military Occupation of Alexandria, 482. — Death and Funeral of Colonel Ellsworth, 483.— First Fortifications erected near Washington, 484.— The Troops in Virginia— Mount Vernon. 485.— Attack on Sewell's Point, 466.— Attack on Acquia Creek Batteries, 487.— Dash into Fairfax Court House — The Unionists in Western Virginia. 4S8. — Union Convention at Wheeling —Alarm of the Conspirators, 489.— Government of Virginia reorganized, 491. — State of West Virginia, 492. — Troops ordered to Western Virginia, 493.— Insurgents in Western Virginia, 494. — March against the Insurgents »t Philippi, 495. — Battle of Philippi, 496.— Union Troops at Grafton, 497. CONTENTS.

Chapter XXI. Beginning Of

TnE WAP. IN SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA, General Butler at Fortress Monroe, 49S.— Movements of Troops near Fortress Monroe, 500.— Slaves pronounced Contraband of War-Newport-Newee fortified. 501.— Attack on Pig Point Battery— The Troops at Camp Hamilton. 502— The Insnrients on the Peninsula, 503.— Expedition to Big and Little Bethel, 504.— The Insurgent Post at Big Bethel, 506.— Battle at Big Bethel. 507.— Death of Major Winthrop, 50S.— Death of Lieutenant Greble. 509.— Effect of the Battle of Big Bethel— Officers censured, 510.— A censured Officer justified. 511.— The Desolation of Hampton. 512.— Big Bethel Battle-ground visited, 513.— Hampton and Vicinity, 514.— Incidents at Hampton, 515.— The Eleventh Indiana Begiment, 516.— Expedition to Eomney planned, 517. — Skirmish at Romney Bridge, 518.

Chapter XXII. The Wap

ON THE POTOMAC AND IN WESTEP.N VIP.GINIA. Insurgents at Harper's Ferry, 519.— Union Troops advancing on Harper's Ferry, 520.— Evacuation of Harper's Ferry — Generals Scott and Patterson, 521. — Patterson crosses into Virginia— He withdraws. 522.— Dangers hanging over the Capital— A Gunpowder Plot considered— Patterson's Plan. 523.— Battle at Falling Waters, 524. — Union Troops at Martinsburg — The Insurgents near Washington, 525. — A Skirmish at Vienna, 526. — Insurgents at Matthias Point 527.— Skirmish at Matthias Point — Death of Captain Ward — Torpedo, 528. — Events in the Vicinity of Cumberland, 529.— Exploits of Indiana Troops, 530.— McClellan in Western Virginia — Expedition against the Insurgents, 531. — Battle of Kich Mountain — Flight and Pursuit of the Insurgents, 533. — Battle at Carrick's Ford, 534. — General McClellan's Dispatches, 535. — Union Triumph in Western Virginia, 536. — Events in the Kanawha Valley, 537.