An Outline History of the United States, for public and other schools; from the earliest period to the present time, etc

Front matter

Sheldon <k Company's Text-Books. PHYSIOLOGIES. Hooker's First Booh in Physiology. For Public Schools. Price 90 cents. Hooker's Human Physiology and Hygiene. For Academies and general reading. By Worthengton Hookkr, M.D., Yale College. Price $1.75. A few of the excellencies of these books, of which teachers and others have spoken, are : l&t. Their clearness, both in statement and description. 2d. The skill with which the interesting points of the subject are brought out. 3d. The exclusion of all useless matter; other books on this subject having much in them which is useful only to medical students. 4th. The exclusion, so far as is possible, of strictly technical terms. 5th. The adaptation of each book to its particular purpose, the smaller work preparing the scholar to understand *.he fall development of the subject La the larger one. 6th.

In the larger work the science of Physiology is brought out as it now is, with its recent important discoveries. 7th. Some exceedingly interesting and important subjects are fully treated, which, in other books of a similar character, are either barely hinted at or are entirely omitted. 8th. These works are not mere compilations, but have the stamp of originality, differing in some essential points from all other works of their class. 9th. m beauty and clearness of style, which are qualities of no small importance in books for instruction, they will rank as models. 10th. The subject is so presented that there is nothing to offend the most refined taste or the most scrupulous delicacy. Elements of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. By Prof. J. R. Loomis, President of Louisburgh University, Penn.

Beautifully illustrated with original drawings. Revised Edition. Price $1.25. M I have examined with some care the Physiology of President Loomis. It seems to me clear, concise, well-arranged, and in aJl respects admirably adapted for the purposes of a text-book in schools and colleges. It has been used by the classes in this University with entire satisfaction."— Rev. M. B. Anderson, D.D., President of Rochester University. PALMEK'S BOOK-KEEPING. Palmer's Practical Book-Keejnng. By Joseph H. Palmeu, A.M., Instructor in Now York Free Academy. 12mo. 167 pages. Price §1. Blanks to do. (Journal and Ledger), each 50 cents. Key to do. Price 10 cents. Any of the above sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. Sheldon & Company's Text-jBooks. SHAW'S NEW SERIES ON ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. i. Shaw's New History of English and American Literature.

Introduction

. VI of facts. For the same reason all proper names are printed in italic letter. 5. Full questions are framed for every verse. 6. A pronouncing vocabulary is furnished in foot notes wherever required, giving to the teacher and pupil an ever-present index to the method of pronouncing the proper names used in the book. 7. A brief synopsis of topics is given at the close of each section. 8. An outline history of important events is given at the close of every chapter, affording a review of the pre vious studies, and texts for the exercise of the pupil in his torical tabulation or more elaborate composition, as illus trated on pages 32 and 33 of the text. At the close of the volume are Topical Review Questions. 9. The work is profusely illustrated by Maps, Charts, and Plans explanatory of the text, and by carefully drawn pictures of objects and events.

Ttiese are very numerous and useful, and give powerful help to the memory in the comprehension of the narrative, for the eye seldom forgets. The Colonial Seals have been copied from impressions taken from the originals, and are accurate representations of those originals. The National Constitution, which, with its several amendments, forms the supreme laiv of the land, is intro duced as a part of the lessons of prime importance. It being the guarantee for all the privileges of American citi zenship, a knowledge of it should be deeply impressed upon the minds of the young. With these remarks concerning the general character of this book it is submitted to the public. Dutlinq Intern of the fjniteil fetes.

Section I. Northmen, Columbus, And Indians

1. Our Country, called the United States of America, extends in a broad, irregular belt across the continent of North America, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. 2. This great belt of country is divided into States and Territories, and contains about forty million inhabitants. Their government is called a Representative one. The people choose a few of their number to make laws for the whole. When these representatives meet for that business, they form the Congress. The people also choose one man to enforce the laws of Congress, who is called the President of the United States. 3. The President and Congress choose a certain number of lawyers to explain the laws, and these form the Supreme Court of the United States. The Government therefore consists of three separate departments, but working together. 4.

One is the Executive Department, composed of Questions.— 1. Define the extent of the United States. 2. What can you tell about the divisions and Government of our country? 3. How is the Supreme Court Conned ? Of what does the Government consist f Departments of Gorernment. The Northmen. the President and his advisers, called the Cabinet. An other is the Legislative Department, and is composed of a Senate chosen by the State legislatures, and a House of Representatives chosen by the people of the several States. A third is the Judiciary Department, composed of the judges or members of the Supreme Court. 5. This form of government seems to be the best ever known on the earth. Here, where it exists, the whole country, less than three hundred years ago, was inhabited by copper-colored barbarians and wild beasts, and nearly all cov ered with forests.

You may ask, How has it come to pass that such a people as we are, and such an excellent form of government, have appeared in this land, so lately a wilderness ? The wonderful story before us will answer the question. 6. About nine hun dred years ago, sea men from Iceland, far toward the north pole, came to this coun try in small vessels and tried to make a settlement in New Eng- Northman's ship. land. How long they stayed we cannot tell. NORTHMAN. The story of their discoveries, if it ever went abroad, had long been for gotten. An old tower at Newport, Rhode Island, is supposed to have been built by these Northmen. TOWER AT NEWPORT. Questions-4. Of what or whom are the Departments composed > 5 What can yon say of our form or Government and its place of existence ? 6. What canyou teU about early discoveries and discoverers 1 ■ I ou teu DISCOVERERS AXD DISCOVERIES. 9 Trade of European merchants.

TRACK OF THE NORTHMEN PROM ICELAND AND GREENLAND. t. About four hundred years ago, the merchants of Europe carried on a profitable trade with India or East em Asia. The people of Italy had lately obtained the mastery of the Mediterranean Sea, over which merchants had gone to Asia from Western Europe. The Questions.— 7. What can you tell about liulian and Western merchants, and their trade with India f Columbus and his theories. Isabella. Italians would no longer allow their rivals of Western Europe to go over that sea, and the Western merchants sought for another way. It was found by a Portuguese sailor. It was around the Cape of Good Hope, and so across the broad Indian Ocean. 8. At that time learned men believed the earth to be round, like an orange, and not flat, like a pancake. Among these was Chris topher Columbus, of Genoa, in Italy, who had been a seaman ever since his boyhood.

He made a voyage to Iceland, where he probably heard of the discovery of a western continent hundreds columbus. of years before. 9. Believing that Eastern Asia might be reached sooner by sailing westward than by any other way, Columbus was anxious to go in search of India in that direction. He was poor. His countrymen refused to help him. Af ter much wandering and many trials, he found Queen Isabella of Spain willing to fit out vessels for him to sail over the Atlantic Ocean on a voyage of discovery. 10. Isabella was a Christian and a patriot. She wished to send Isabella. the gospel to the heathen, and to gain fame and riches for Questions.— 8. What did the learned belie™ i -m done , 9. What was ,he belief of Co htmbu I wt^T f T.' What **» he was Queen Isabella, what her desires, and what md she do ? ? *bU Sailing of Columbus.

Discover „f r„„^ Discovery of Land. Spain. Columbus promised to carry Christianity to the pagans and win honor and wealth for Spain. The pious and patriotic Queen said, " I will furnish you with vessels if I have to sell the jewels in my crown to pay for them." 11. Three vessels \ V were prepared, and on \ \ , . > the3dof August, 1492, \ 111 VE* JV they sailed from Pa- « ,, Wll A/^rV los,1 in Andalusia, jJY^k A^Mu W I lffl\ Tvi under the command of jf\ M] '■ fctaiwM/JL*"j!fcr Columbus. They i^^\^j jjJJtEpPJy A touched at the Cana- -^A^'J^ AAL-ArifA/£ ry istanas. After a the fleet of columeus. stormy and perilous passage across the At lantic Ocean, the navigators were greeted with the perfumes of flowers at the even ing twilight. At dawn the next morning, O the 12th of October, they saw land. 12.

The ships had arrived at the Ba hama Group of islands, many leagues eastward of Florida. Naked inhabitants, of a copper color, were seen on the beach, and fled to the woods on the approach of the Europeans. Columbus, supposing he was on the shores of Farther India, COLUMBUS ON SAN called the people Indians. Salvador. 13. Dressed in scarlet, and carrying the banner of the expedition, Columbus landed. He was followed by a priest with a cross and the men of the ships. All knelt upon the Questions.— 11. What can you tell about the first voyage of Columbus f 12. What did he discover ? 13. Describe the scene when Columbus landed. ■ pah'ios. ' md-a-loo'-she-Q. Lmirtinfr of Columbus. COLUMBUS DISCOVERING LAND. sandy shore and thanked God for his goodness. Then Columbus took possession of the land in the name of the sovereigns of Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella. 14.

The land was an island, to which Columbus gave the name of San Salvador, or Holy Saviour. It is now called Cat Island. He visited other islands of the Questions.— 14. What was the Jan J that Columbus first discovered, and what else did lie do? GATHERING OF WELD RIOB. Discoveries by Columbus. The Indians and their Shvellings. Bahama group. Going southward, he discovered Cuba and Hayti or San Domingo, and then sailed for Spain. Believing these islands to be a part of India, and as they lay westward of Europe, he gave them the name of West Indies. 15. Columbus did not then see the Continent of Amer ica, which was thinly inhabited by a copper-colored race, who were savages and barbarians, such as he saw on San Salvador. Their general appearance was the same every where. Their habits varied with circumstances. 16.

The Indians, in the colder parts of America, were dressed in the skins of beasts, and in the warmer parts they were almost naked. They got their food by hunting and fish ing. They also raised grain, SOUTHERN INDIANS. which we call Indian corn, and a few vegetables 17. The Indians were divided into large and small families. The larger families were known as Nations, and spoke different languages. The smaller were known as Tribes, and the languages of these also some times differed. They lived in huts made of poles and covered with barks and skins, which they called wigwams. 18. The Indians had no written language excepting rude picturewrit- a wigwam. ings, aud these were confined to records of war, of alliances, Questions.— 15. What can you tell about the continent of America and its inhabitants ? 16.

What can you tell about the dress and food of the Indians ? 17. How were the Indians divided, and how did they live ? 18. What can you tell about their writing and the transmission of their history f The Writing, .Money, and War-Making of the Indians. and brave deeds. Their history was transmitted by memory. 19. Their INDIAN PICTURE-WRITING.' niOlll'V WUS made of parts of shells in the form of short tubes, arranged in strings or belts, and was called wampum. These were used in traffic, and between nations and tribes, as tokens of WAMPUM. alliance or affection. Wampum belts were held by sachems, or chief men, as records of public acts. INDIAN WEAPONS. 20. War was the principal business of the men. The women performed all other labor. They fought with bows and arrows, clubs, hatchets of stone and iron called toma hawks, and knives.

They made peace by the action of the chief INDIAN CHIEF IN MILITAKT DRESS. Questions.-19. What can you tell about their money and its uses? 20 What have you to say about the men and their way of making war or peace t 1 This is part of a record of a war expedition. The figures on the right and left- The "Religion, Surials, and Government of the Indians. men of both parties, who would sit around a large fire after the terms were agreed upon, and smoke the calumet, or pipe of peace. 21. The religion of the Indians was sim ple. They believed in a great Good Spirit and a great Evil Spirit ; and anything which they could not understand or control, such as the sun, moon and stars, lightning, wind, fire and water, they thought to be a kind of god. calumets. 22. They believed that at death, each one went to a beautiful land, where there was plenty of game.

When a man was buried they placed by the side of his dead body, bows and arrows for use in the spirit land. Sometimes the body was laid in a shallow grave ; sometimes placed in the ground in a sitting posture and covered, and sometimes laid upon a scaffold out of the reach of wild beasts. SCAFFOLD BURIAL-PLACE. 23. The government of the Indians was simple. The head ruler, or President, was called Sa chem, and the head warrior, Chief. The Sachem was at the head of civil affairs. The warriors followed the Chief wherever he might lead. Both were chosen by the people. 24. Marriage among the Indians was a contract that Questions.— 21. What can yon tell about the religion of the Indians? 22. What can you tell about the death and burial of Indians ? 23. Tell about the government of the Indians. one with a gun, and the other with the hatchet — denote prisoners taken by a warrior.

The one without a head, and holding a bow and arrow, denotes that one was killed ; and the figure with a shaded part below the cross indicates a feminine prisoner. Then he goes in a war canoe, with nine companions, denoted by tbe paddles, after which a council is held by the chiefs of the Bear and Turtle tribes, indicated by rude figures of these animals on each side of a fire. „.,d rate of /he /..rihms^ .llarria.'ie tere.noiiies. INDIANS IN BUFFALO-SKIN BOAT. mi°-ht be broken by the husband, who had a right to take and dismiss a wife at pleasure. Women were the slaves of men. They were never permitted to engage in any games, but were allowed to be present, with their children, at the war-dances. 25. The Indians were nearly all wanderers, and left the vast continent in an uncultivated state.

In this condition the Europeans found our country. They brought with them the arts of civilization. Where the Indians hunted and fished, are now seen farms, villages, and cities. The race of red or copper-colored men, who have played an important part in the history of the United States, is rapidly passing away, and the white or pale-faced men are taking their places. Questions.— 24. What can you tell about the marriages of the Indians, and the condition of the women ? 25. What have you to say about the Indians when Euro peans first came ? What is their fate ? Indian .1 ations. .Meeting of White .Men and Indians. MEETING OF WHITE MEN AND INDIANS.1 26. When Europeans came to America, they found here eight distinct nations of Indians, named respectively : 1 This represents the meeting of General Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, with the Indians, at Savannah.

To-mo-chi-chi, the famous Chief Sachem of the Creek Indians, presented to Oglethorpe the skin of a buffalo, on which was spread out an eagle. He desired Oglethorpe to accept it, because the eagle was an emblem of speed and the buffalo of strength, and the English, he said, were as swift as the bird and strong as the beast. They flew in their ships to the uttermost parts of the earth, and were too sharp for all other people. The feathers of the eagle, being soft, represented love ; the buffalo skin was warm, and represented protection. " Therefore," he said, " I hope the English will love and protect our families." Barnes of the Indian Nations. y'oyages of Columbus. Huron-Iroquois,1 Algonquins,3 Mobilians,3 Cher okees,4 Catawbas,5 Uchees,0 Natchez,7 and Daco tahs.8 There was one of those nations, the Tuscaroras, who belonged to the Huron- Algonquin people, then located in North Carolina.

For the position of these nations in our country, see map facing page 38. 27. In this section we have considered— (1) The extent of our country and its form of government ; (2) its discovery by the Northmen and by Colum bus ; and (3) the character, habits and destiny of the native inhabitants.

Section II. Spanish Discoverers And Discoveries

1. On his return to Spain, Columbus was received with great applause by the sovereigns and the people. The report of his discoveries, printed soon afterward, caused other exploring expeditions to be fitted out in Spain. Columbus himself made three other voyages across the Atlantic and back, in search of other lands. 2. The second voyage of Columbus was made in the autumn of 1493. The third voyage was undertaken in May, 1498, and on the first day of August he discovered the con tinent of South America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, a few days after Sebastian Cabot had discovered North America. The fourth voyage was begun iu May, 1502. Questions.— 26. Give me the names of the eight Indian nations. 27. What have you learned in this section 1 Give a general account of these facts. Questions.— 1.

What can you tell about the return of Columbus and his other voyages ? 2. What other discoveries did he make ? 1 ir-o-kwoi'. * al-gon'kinz. " mo-beet -yunz. • ctier-o-keez' . s ka-taw'-baz. " yoo-chez. ' nach-ez. " da-ko-tqz. SPANISS DISCOVERERS AND DISCOVERIES. 21 Death of Isabella and Columbus. Americas J'espuecius. 3. The fourth voyage of Columbus was made for the purpose of discovering a strait through which ships might pass from the Gulf of Mexico into the Indian Ocean. It was not found, and the now aged navigator returned to Spain. Queen Isabella died a few days after his arrival. Neglected and poor, the great discoverer died the next year, with the belief that he had seen the continent of Asia on its Eastern side. He did not suspect that he had discovered an unknown continent. 4. Americus Vespuccius,1 a Florentine, was in Spain when Columbus made his second and third voyages.

He went with a former companion of Columbus to South America in 1499 ; and a year after the great navigator had discovered that continent, Vespucius saw it for the first time. 5. In a fraudulently dated let ter, written in 1504, Americus AMERICUS vespuccius. claimed the honor of the first discovery. A German friend of his, in a printed work, suggested the name of America for the new-found continent, in compliment to the Floren tine. Thus it was that our country received its title, and Columbus was cheated out of the deserved honor of having it bear his name. 6. Immediately after Columbus discovered the West India Islands, Spanish settlements were made on some Questions.— 3. Give an account of Columbus after his last voyage. 4. What can you tell about Americus Vespuccius ? 5. How came America to be named in his honor ? 1 ves-pu'-sliœ-us.

DISCOVERIES FROM 1492 TO 1609. SPANISH DISCOVERERS AND DISCOVERIES. 23 Discovery of Florida and the pacific Ocean. Conquest of .Mexico. of them, and expeditions were soon sent out from them in search of other lands. Yucatan 1 was discovered ; and in 1510 a settlement was made on the isthmus of Darien.2 7. John Ponce de Leon,3 an old Spanish soldier in Porto Rico, having heard of a marvellous fountain in an island at the northward, whose waters would restore youth and make it perpetual, sailed in quest of it in 1512. He did not find the fountain, but he discovered a land fragrant with spring flowers, which he called Florida. It is yet so called. 8. The next year (1513) Vasco Nunez de Balboa 4 ascended the highlands of the isth mus of Darien, and discovered a great ocean, which he took possession of in the name of Spain, and called it the South Sea.

Six years later (1519) Magellan,5 a Portu guese, sailed through the straits that bear his name, and over that sea, which he called the Pacific Ocean, because it was so free from storms. 9. Meanwhile Spanish adventurers had BALBOA. explored portions of Yucatan and Mexico and thought they discovered evidences of much gold in the interior. Hernando Cortez, with a fleet and soldiers, went to conquer Mexico in 1519. He was successful. In 1521 Mexico became a Spanish province, and remained so just three hundred years. Questions.— 6. What followed the discoveries of Columbus f 7. What can you tell about the discovery of Florida ? 8. Tell about the discovery of the Pacific Ocean, and ils name. 9. What had other Spanish adventurers done ? Tell about the conquest of Mexico. 1 yu-ka-tari. * day-re-en'. ' pone'-tha-da-la-on. ' vascb-noon-yeth da bohl-bo'-a. 1 mah-yeV 'an.

EXPEDITION OP DE SOTO. SPANISH- DISCOVERERS AND DISCOVERIES. 25 Adventures of Cortez. D *siyllon and A Ytrvaez. 10. The conquest of Mexico led to explorations north ward of it, along the Pacific coast. Cortez, it is believed, discovered the Gulf of California ; and in the course of a few years Spanish adventurers penetrated to New Mexico, up the Colorado ' to the Gila2 and along the Pacific coast to Oregon? 11. In 1520 a planter of San Domingo, named D'.lyllon,4 went to the coast of South Carolina to kidnap natives for slaves. He treacherously carried away many of them. Whilst he was there a second time, and was preparing to make a settlement, the Indians, exasperated by his con duct, acted as treacherously as he, and murdered D'Ayllon and a large number of his followers. 12. Eight years later (1528) an adventurer named Narvaez5 went from Cuba with ships and troops to conquer Florida.

His cruel treatment of the Indians made them unite in efforts to expel him. He was obliged to leave the country in an open boat, and while on the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, he and most of his companions perished. 13. The bad conduct of Narvaez made the expedition of De Soto* to conquer Florida, a perilous and unsuccessful under taking. De Soto was a rich Spanish cavalier and bold soldier, who had assisted Pizarro in conquering Peru, and shared with him in the plunder of the Incas. 14. De Soto had a splendid retinue of Questions.— 10. What did the conquest of Mexico lead to 1 11. What can yon tell about a kidnapper from San Domingo ? 12. Give an account of Narvaez in Florida and his fate. 1:3. What can you tell about De Soto ? ' kol-o-rah'-do. ' he'-lah. * or'-e-gon • da-ile-yone'. ' nar'-vah-eth. ' da-so'-to.

BURIAL OF DE SOTO. SPANISH DISCOVERERS AND DISCOVERIES. 27 Adventures of De Soto. Discovery of the .Mississippi aud California. several hundred Spaniards, many of them mounted on horses. After wandering in the region bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, and far into the interior, for about two years, from 1539, fighting the Indians and searching for gold, he discovered the Mississippi River. 15. Crossing that great stream, De So to, with the num ber of his followers greatly diminished, penetrated the country westward far toward the Rocky Mountains. Return ing to the Mississippi in 1542, De Soto died there. His body was buried beneath the muddy waters of that stream. The remnant of his followers made their way, in a small vessel, to Mexico, taking with them some beautiful young Mobilian l women, their captives. 16.

The same year in which De Soto died (1542) Cabrillo2 first explored the coast of the present State of California, up to the borders of Oregon. It is believed that he discovered the Bay of San Francisco. Forty years afterward (1582) Espejo3 explored New Mexico and founded Santa Fe.4 17. In this section we have considered— (1) the return of Columbus to Spain and his three other voyages; (2) his impressions concerning his discovery; (3) the voyage of Americus Vespuccius and his claims ; (4) discovery of Yucatan, Florida and the Pacific Ocean ; (5) the conquest of Mexico and explorations northward; (6) events on the coast of South Carolina; Questions. — 14. Give an account of De Soto in Florida, and his discovery of the Mississippi. 15. Give an account of his wanderings and death, and the fate of his followers. 16.

What have you to say about explorations of California and New Mexico? 17. What have you learned in this section ? Give a general account of the facts. 1 mo-beel-yun. a kab-reel-you. 3 es-pah'-iw. * santafee. ENGLISH AND FRENCH DISCO VERER&. 28 Cabot's Discovery of jVorth Carolina. (7) the attempts of Narvaez and De Soto to conquer Florida ; and (8) the discovery of the Mississippi River.

Section III English And French Discoverers And Discoveries

1. Sebastian Cabot,1 son of a Venetian merchant in England, sailing from Bristol in search of a northwest passage to India beyond Greenland, discovered the continent of North America, on the coast of Labrador, late in June or early in July, 1498. That was a little while before Columbus discovered the continent of South America. 2. Cabot did not land on Lab rador. He sailed far up the coast, and then turning southward, he discovered Newfoundland and the coasts of Nova Scotia and Maine. He probably went as far South as North Carolina. Then he returned to England and told of his great discovery. SEBASTIAN CABOT. 3. Cabot was only about twenty-one years of age when he discovered America. That made him famous, and he made other voyages of discovery from England and Spain. He had told of the great number of codfishes seen off the coast of Newfoundland.

English and French fishermen soon went there to catch them, and this led to discoveries and settlements on the adjacent shores. Questions.— 1. What can you tell about the discovery of America by Sebastian Cabot f 2. What portion did he discover 1 3. What were the effects of his discoveries ? 1 kab'ot. Discoveries of r~erazzani. 4. A Florentine named Verazzani,1 employed by the King of France, crossed the Atlantic in 1524, and touched the American Continent near Cape Fear, in North Carolina. He sailed northward as far as Nova Scotia, entering bays and rivers on his way, took possession of the country in the name of the French King, verazzam. and called the country New France. BANKS OF THE ST. LAWHENCE. Questions.— 4. What can you tell about the discoveries of Verazzani ? » yer-atsah'-ne, Discovery of the St. Laurence.

Founding of Quebec. 5. Ten years after Verazzani's voyage, Jaques Cartier,1 of St. Malo, in France, sailed for America. He first landed on Newfoundland, and there discovered and named the Gulf and River St. Lawrence, the discovery having been made on the festival of that saint. He, also, took pos session of that region in the name of the French monarch. He was thus the discoverer of Canada. 6. In the following spring (1535) Cartier made another voyage to the St. Lawrence. From the site of Que bec 2 he went up the river in a boat to Hochelaga, an Indian town. Charmed with the view from a great hill near, he called it Mont Real (Royal Moun tain), and the French city built on the cA^TiEii's siiip. site of Hochelaga, 3 was called Montreal. 7. Cartier made a third voyage to the St. Lawrence in 1541, with some men, to settle there.

He had carried off the Indian " King of Canada " on his last visit, and the natives were unfriendly. The Frenchmen built a fort near Quebec, spent a hard winter there, and in the spring of 1542, at about the time De Soto was dying on the Mississippi, they abandoned the country. 8. France was now disturbed by bitter quarrels between the Roman Catholics and the Protestants. As the Roman Catholics were the most numerous, they deprived the Prot- Questions— 5. What can you tell of the discoveries of Cartier ? 6. What did Car tier do on the St. Lawrence? 7. What did he do on the St. Lawrence on a third voyage ? 8. What can you tell about two parties in France ? 1 kar'-te-ay. * ke-bek'. ' hosh-e-tah'-ga. Huguenots in South Carolina and Florida. estants of many privileges in Church and State, and made them discontented. 9.