Our Country. A household history, ... from the discovery of America to the one hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence ... With ... illustrations, etc

Front matter

"IF A VICTORY IS TO BE GAINED I'LL CAIN IT " l_ni :_l -Ml_ [-Ujllluiri, Hi-Vlk OUR COUNTRY. A Household History FOR ALL READERS. FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE PRESENT TIME. BY BENSON J. LOSSING, LL.D. WITH OVER FIVE HUJJ4XRE<D ILLUSTRATIONS, BY FELIX O. C. DARLEY, AND TWELVE FINE ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. VOLUME THREE. NEW YORK: JOHNSON & MILES. 1878. Entered according to Act os Congress, in the year 1878, Bv JOHNSON & MILES, In thc Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. SP Electrotyped by Printed by SMITH & McDOUGAL D. G. F. CLASS,. CONTENTS.

BOOK V. THE NATION.

CHAPTER VII.

Chapter I

A New Era, p. 1395 — Skirmishes before the Civil War, 1396— The Democratic Party, 139*) — The Dred Scott Decision, 1397 — Action of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1397 — Early Efforts to Restrict Slavery, 1398 — Slaves in England, 1398 — The Status of Slavery here, 1399— President Buchanan's Course Foreshadowed, 1400 — Civil War in Kansas and Civil Government there, 1400 — Lecompton Constitution Adopted and Rejected, 1401 — Admission of Kansas as a State, 1401 — A Judicial Decision Practically Reversed, 1402 — Reopening of the African Slave- Trade and Action concerning it, 1402 — Working of the Fugitive Slave Law, 1405 — Action of State Legislatures, 1405 — Troubles with the Mormons, 1406.

Chapter II

Public Quiet Broken by John Brown's Raid, p. 1407 — Incidents of that Raid and its Effects, 1408 — The Republican Party, 1409 — A Pretext for Revolution, 1410 — Convention of Democrats at Charleston, 1411 — Disruption of the Democratic Party, 1413 — Incidents of the Plan, 1413 — Nominations for President, 1414 — Principles of the Parties, 1415 — Lincoln Elected, 1417 — Action of the Southern Politicians, 1417 — Yancey's Mission, 1417 — Fatal Power of the Poli ticians, 1417.

Chapter III

The Pretext for Disunion, p. 1419 — True Reasons. 1419 — State-Rights Associations, 1421 — Desires for a Royal Government and Aristocratic Privileges, 1421 — Early Preparations for Disunion, 1422 — Secret Conferences, 1422 — Sentiments of Virginians, 1422 — Congratulatory Despatches on Lincoln's Election, 1423— Excitement in Charleston, 1424 — Public Offices Abdi cated, 1424 — A State Convention Authorized, 1424 — Secret Doings of Secessionists, 1425 — Movements in South Carolina, 1425— -State Supremacy and its Effects, 1426 — Events in Georgia, 1426 — Toombs and Stephens, 1427 — Movements toward Secession in Various States, 1427 — Southern Methodists, 1427— Initial Steps for Disunion in South Carolina, 1428— Dishonorable Propositions, 1428 — Vigilance Committees, 1429— Secession Assured, 1429.

Chapter IV

• Secession Convention in South Carolina, p. 1430 — Proceedings of the Convention, 1430— Ordinance of Secession Adopted, 1431— Public Excitement, 1431— Signing the Ordinance, 1433 Anxiety of the Loyal People, 1432 — Secretary Cobb's Schemes, 1433 — President's Message, CONTENTS. VIII its Tone and Reception, 1434 — The Attorney-General's Opinion, 1434 — Movements of the People and the Clergy, 1436 — Proceedings in South Carolina, 1437 — Declaration of Independ ence, 1437 — Nationality of South Carolina Proclaimed, 1437 — Events in Charleston Harbor, 1438 — Secretary Floyd's Treachery, 1439 — Transfer of Troops to Fort Sumter, 1439; — The Seces sionists Foiled, 1441 — Floyd Succeeded by Holt, 1441.

Chapter V

Heroism of Major Anderson, p. 1442 — His Wife and Peter Hart, 1442 — Robbery in the Interior Department, 1443 — Flight of Secretary Floyd, 1443 — Cabinet Changes, 1443 — South Carolina Commissioners in Washington, 1444 — Attempt to Reinforce and Supply Fort Sumter, 1444 — Inauguration of Civil War at Charleston, 1444 — Language of the Politicians, 1445 — The People Bewildered, 1446 — Fate of Leaders, 1446 — " Secession " in other States, 1447 — Seizure of Public Property, 1448 — Northern Sympathizers, 1447 — Plan of the Secessionists, 1448 — Dix's Order, 1448 — Action in the Border States, 1449— Concessions, 1449 — Peace Convention, 1449 — Adams's Proposition, 1449 — Convention at Montgomery, 1450 — Establishment of a Southern Confederate Government, 1452.

Chapter VI

Lunacy, p. 1454 — Yielding to Necessity, 1454 — Wild Dreams of the Future, 1455 — Boasting, 1455 — The Confederates Prepare for War, 1455 — Permanent Constitution Adopted, 1455 — Adjournment of the Montgomery Convention, 1455 — Principles of the New Government Expounded, 145s) — Lincoln and Davis, 14503 — Lincoln's Journey to the Capital, 1457 — Narrative of his Escape, 1458 — His Inauguration and Inaugural Address, 1460 — Duties of the Adminis tration, 1461 — Condition of the Army and Navy, 1462 — Benton's Prophecy, 1462 — Confederate Commissioners at the Capital, 1463 — The Virginians, 1464 — Attempt to Relieve Fort Sumter and the Result, 1464.

Chapter VII

Virginians in Charleston, p. 1466 — A Cry for Blood, 146(3 — Events in Charleston, 1467 — Siege of Fort Sumter, 1467 — Incidents of the Struggle, 146S — Evacuation of the Fort, 1469 — Joyful Feelings in Charleston, 1470 — Gratitude of the Loyal People Displayed, 1470 — Honors to Major Anderson, 1470 — Attempts to Capture Fort Pickens, 1470 — Honors to Lieuten ant Slemmer, 1472 — President's Call for Troops, 1473 — Responses to the Call, 1473 — Uprising of the Loyal People, 1474 — Boastings of the Northern Press, 1475 — A Fatal Mistake, 1476 — Interpretations of Scripture, 1476 — Proclamations and Counter-Proclamations, 1476 — Priva teering Recommended to the Confederates, 1477 — Action of the Confederate Congress, 1477 — Privateers Commissioned, 1477.

Chapter VIII

The Virginia Convention, p. 1478 — Union Sentiments Suppressed by Violence, 1479 — Ordi nance of Secession Passed, 147c; — Bad Faith, 1479 — Virginia Annexed to the Confederacy, 1479 — The People Disfranchised, 1480— The National Capital to be Seized, 1480 — Davis's Profes sions, 1480 — Poetic Comments on them, 1481 — Events at Harper's Ferry and Gosport Navy- Yard, 1481 — Response to tbe Call for Troops, 1482 — Massachusetts Sends Troops to Washing ton, 1483 — Attack upon them in Baltimore, 1483 — Critical Situation of the Capital, 1484 — The CONTENTS. IX President and Maryland Secessionists, 1485 — Prompt and Efficient Action of General Wool, 1485 — Union Defence Committee, 1486 — General Butler's Operations in Maryland, 1486 — He takes Possession of Baltimore, 1487 — Events at the Capital, 1488 — Preparations for the Strug gle, 1488.

Chapter IX

Defection of Colonel Lee, p. 1489 — Temptation and Fall, 1490 — First Invasion of Virginia, 1490 — Death of Colonel Ellsworth, 1491 — Blockade of the Potomac, 1492 — Engagement at Sewall's Point, 1492— Loyalty in Western Virginia, 1492 — Action of the Secessionists, 1492— Conventions, 1492 — Creation and Admission of a New State, 1493 — Troops from Beyond the Ohio, 1495 — The First Battle on Land, 1495 — Attitude of the Border States, 1495 — Kentucky Unionism, 1495 — Events in Missouri, 1497— General Lyon, 1497 — The Governor of Missouri Raises the Standard of Revolt, 1498 — Movements in Tennessee, 1498 — Pillow and Polk, 1498— Change in the Confederate Seat of Government, 1498— Jefferson Davis in Virginia, 1498 — His Reception in Richmond, 1499.

Chapter X

Beauregard's Proclamation, p. 1500 — Insurgents at Harper's Ferry, 1501 — Exploits of an Indiana Regiment, 1501 — Events on the Virginia Peninsula, 1501 — Battle at Big Bethel, 1502 — National Troops on the Upper Potomac, 1503 — The Capital in Danger, 1503 — A Gunpowder Plot, 1504 — Action of England and France, 1504 — Punch's Epigram, 1505 — Conduct of Great Britain and the Western European Powers, 1505 — Russia, 1507 — Meeting of Congress, 1507 — Department Reports, 1508 — Appropriations, 1508 — Increase of the Navy, 1508 — Enthusiasm of the People, 1509 — Women's Work, 1509 — Miss Dix, 1509 — United States Sanitary and Christian Commissions, 1511 — Benevolent Work in Philadelphia, 1511.

Chapter XI

Confederates in Virginia, p. 1513 — National Troops in Western Virginia, 1513 — McClellan's Campaign, 1514 — Secessionists Repressed in Baltimore, 1515 — Confederate Privateers, 1515 — Troops near Washington, 1516 — Manassas Junction. 1516 — Patterson Crosses the Potomac, 1517 — Movements of National Troops, 1517 — Battle at Blackburn's Ford, 1517 — Battle of Bull's Run and its Effects, 1518 — War in the West, 1522 — General Lyon's Campaign, 1522 — Military Operations in Missouri, 1522 — Death of Lyon, 1524 — Union Movement, 1524 — Movements of a Disloyal Governor, 1524.

Chapter XII

Fremont in Missouri, p. 1525 — Siege and Fall of Lexington, 152(3 — Kentucky Neutrality Violated by the Confederates, 1526 — Events in Eastern Kentucky, 1527 — Buckner's Raid, 1527 — Fremont Superseded, 1528 — Battle at Belmont, 1529 — Military Movements in Northwestern Virginia, 1529 — Lee, Floyd, and Wise, 1530 — Civil War Ended in West Virginia, 1531 — Capture of Hatteras Forts, 1531— Events near Fort Pickens and Southwest Pass, 1533 — Operations on the Coast of South Carolina, 1533 — McClellan in Command, 1534 — "On to Richmond!" 1535 — Boldness of the Confederates, 1535— They are Pushed Back, 1536— Battle at Ball's Bluff, 1537.

Chapter XIII

Inaction of the Army of the Potomac, p. 1538 — Capture of Mason and Slidell, 1539 — Conduct of the British Government and Press, 1540 — President Lincoln's Wisdom, 1540 — Release of the X CONTENTS. Captives, 1541 — Expedition to the Coast of North Carolina, 1542 — Capture of Roanoke Island, 1543 — Proclamation to the People of Eastern North Carolina, 1543 — Department Commanders West of the Mississippi, 1544 — Missouri Purged of Armed Insurgents, 1544 — The Campaign in Missouri, 1544 — Insurgents Chased into Arkansas, 1545 — Battle of Pea Ridge, 1546 — Military Operations in New Mexico, 1546 — Battle at Valverde, 1548 — Insurgents Expelled from New Mexico, 1548 — Civil and Military Transactions in Kentucky, 1548 — Battle of Mill Spring, 1550 — The Confederate Line Across Kentucky Broken and Shortened, 1550— Beauregard in the West, 1551.

Chapter XIV

A Gun-boat Fleet, p. 1552 — Expedition against Forts Henry and Donelson, 1552 — Capture of Forts Henry and Hieman, 1553 — Naval Expedition up the Tennessee, 1553 — Its Discoveries, 1554 — Army Reorganized, 1554 — Siege of Fort Donelson, 1554 — Change in Temperature, 1554 — Engagements on Land and Water, 1555 — A Desperate Measure Attempted, 1555 — Council of War, 1556 — Cowardice, 1556 — Surrender of Fort Donelson, 1557 — Army Postal Service, 1557 — Panic at Nashville, 1559 — Surrender of the City, 1559 — Provisional Government for Tennessee, 1559 — Events on the Mississippi River, 1560 — Siege and Capture of Island Number Ten, 1560 — Movement toward Corinth, 1562 — National Army at Pittsburg Landing, 1562 — Buell's Army on the March, 1563.

Chapter XV

The Nationals and Confederates at Shiloh, p. 1564 — Battle of Shiloh: Its Events and Results, 1565 — The Confederate Retreat to Corinth, 1566 — Siege and Capture of Corinth, 1566 — General Mitchel's Raid into Alabama, 1567 — Recovered Territory, 1567 — Raid upon a Railway, 1568 — Capture of Memphis, 1569 — Capture of New Berne and Fort Macon, 1569 — Events on the Coast of North Carolina, 1569 — Siege and Capture of Fort Pulaski, 1570 — Conquests on the Southern Coasts, 1571 — Expedition against New Orleans, 1572 — Capture of Forts on the Mississippi, 1573 — Destruction of the Confederate Flotilla, 1574 — Seizure of New Orleans, 1575 — Hatred of General Butler, 1576.

Chapter XVI

Army of the Potomac, p. 1577— Armies Ordered to Move, 1578 — McClellan's Plan of Opera tions, 1578 — Evacuation of Manassas, 1579 — "Promenade" of the Union Army, 1579 — McClel lan Relieved, 1579 — The "Monitor" and "Merrimac," 1580 — Events in the Shenandoah Valley, 1581— Battle at Kernstown, 1581 — Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula, 1581— Siege of York town, 1581— Magruder's Strategy, 1582— Battle at Williamsburg, 1582 — Tardy Movements, 1582 —McClellan and the President, 1583— Capture of Norfolk, 1584 — Military Events in the Valley, 1584— Battles at Winchester, Cross Keys and Port Republic, 1585 — The " White House," 1586 —On the Chickahominy, 1586— Confederate Government Rebuked, 1586 — Fatal Hesitation, 1586 —Battle at Fair Oaks, 1587 — Stuart's Raid, 15S9.

Chapter XVII

Battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines's Mill, p. 1591— Transfer of the Army to the James River, 1591— Battles at Savage's Station, White-Oak Swamp and Glendale, 1591 — Battle at Malvern Hill, 1592 — The Army at Harrison's Landing, 1593— "Army of Virginia," 1593 — Battle of Cedar Mountain, 1593— Washington in Danger, 1594— McClellan and the Government, CONTENTS. XI Flank Movement, 1595— Battles at Groveton, Bull's Run and Chantilly, 1595— Call for Volun teers, 1596— Barbara Frietchie, 1597— Battles on South Mountain and Antietam Creek, 1598— Burnside Succeeds McClellan, 1601 — The Army at Fredericksburg and Battle there, 1601.

Chapter XVIII

National Rule in the Southwest, p. 1604— Guerrillas, 1604 — Invasion of Kentucky, 1604 — Cincinnati Saved, 1605— Battle at Mumfordville and Perryville, 1605 — Army of the Cumberland, 1606 — Battle at Iuka Springs, 1606 — General Ord's Movements, 1606— Battle at Corinth, and Operations Near, 1606— Capture of Baton Rouge, 1607 — Destruction of the " Arkansas," 1608 —Operations in Arkansas and Louisiana, 1608— Battle at Murfreesboro, 1610— Emancipation Proclamation, 1611 — The Confederate Government, 1611— Davis President, 1612— Doings of the Confederate Congress, 1612— British Sympathy with the Confederates, 1612 — The " Alabama," 1613 — Operations against Vicksburg, 1613 — Operations on the Mississippi, 1614— Battles at Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills and Big Black River, 1615— Vicksburg invested, 1615.

Chapter XIX

Investment and Siege of Vicksburg, p. 1616 — Galveston, 1617 — Banks in Louisiana, 1617 — Siege and Surrender of Port Hudson, 1618 — The Two Armies in Virginia, 1618 — Peck and Longstreet at Suffolk, 1618 — Moseby at Fairfax Court-House, 1618 — Cavalry Battle, 1618 — Cavalry Raids, 1618 — Movements on Chancellorsville, 1619 — Battle there, 1620— Death of " Stonewall Jackson," 1620 — Sedgwick's Escape, 1620 — Retreat of the Army of the Potomac, 1621 — Siege of Suffolk, 1621 — The Confederate Army and Service, 1621 — Power of the Confed erates Abroad, 1622 — Davis Recognized by the Pope, 1622 — Napoleon, Mexico, and the Confed eracy, 1622 — Napoleon's Real Designs, 1623 — Confederates Invade Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1624 — Panic, 1624 — Operations in Pennsylvania, 1624 — Battle at Gettysburg, 1625 — Seward's Circular, 1628.

Chapter XX

Partisan Opposition to the Government, p. 1629 — Knights of the Golden Circle, 1629 — The Draft, 1630 — Riots in New York, 1630 — Colored Troops in New York, 1631 — Morgan's Great Raid, 1631 — Meade and Lee in Virginia, 1632 — Operations of the Two Armies in Virginia, 1632 — Raid in Western Virginia, 1633 — Rosecrans and Bragg in Tennessee, 1634 — Streight's Great Raid, 1634 — Bragg Driven to and from Chattanooga, 1634 — Burnside in East Tennessee, 1635— Battle of Chickamauga, 1635 — The Army at Chattanooga, 1636 — Division of Mississippi, 1636 — Battle at Wauhatchie, 1637 — The Mule Charge, 1637 — Events in East Tennessee, 1638 — Battle on Lookout Mountain and on Missionary Ridge, 1638 — Operations against Charleston, 1640 — Robert Small, 1640— Death of General Mitchel, 1640.

Chapter XXI

Efforts to Capture Charleston, p. 1641 — "The Swamp Angel," 1642 — Siege of Fort Wagner, !643 — Sumter in Ruins, 1643 — Events West of the Mississippi, 1643 — Invasion of Missouri, io43 — Lawrence Sacked, 1644 — Events in Arkansas and in the Indian Territory, 1644— Raid into Missouri, 1645 — Struggle for Louisiana, 1645 — Grant in New Orleans, 1646 — Designs against Texas, 1646 — Forrest in Tennessee, 1646 — Strength of the Nationals and Confederates Compared, 1646 — High-Handed Measures, 1647 — The British and the Confederates, 1647— CONTENTS. Good Signs, 1647 — Grant Lieutenant-General, 1647— Campaign of 1864, 1648— Sherman's Raid in Mississippi, 1648 — Massacre at Fort Pillow, 1649 — Forrest's Exploits, 1650 — Red River Expe dition, 1650 — The Expedition Abandoned, 1651 — Negro Troops, 1651.

Chapter XXII

Another Invasion of Missouri and its Results, p. 1654 — Morgan in East Tennessee, 1655 — Cavalry Operations against Richmond, 1656 — Campaign of the Army of the Potomac Begun, 1656 — Battles in the Wilderness and near Spottsylvania Court-House, 1656 — Sheridan's Raid, 1657 — Operations between Petersburg and Richmond, 1657 — Kautz's Raid, 1658 — Struggles of Grant and Lee, 1658— Battle at Cool Arbor, 1659 — The Nationals Cross the James and Invest Peters burg, 1660 — Confederate Invasion of Maryland, 1660 — Salvation of Washington, 1660 — A Plundering Raid to Chambersburg, 1661 — Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, 1661 — His Brilliant Campaign, 1661— Richmond Threatened, 1663— Siege of Petersburg, 1664 — Capture of Fort Harrison, 1664 — Medal to Colored Troops, 1664 — Losses, 1664 — Sherman's Campaign in Georgia, 1664.

Chapter XXIII

The Armies at Marietta, p. 1666— Death of Bishop Polk, 1666 — Hood in Command, 1667 — Battles around Atlanta, 1667 — Thomas sent to Nashville, 1668 — Hood Chased into Alabama, 1668 — Sherman's March to the Sea, 1668 — Evacuation of Savannah, 1668 — Events in Florida and North Carolina, 1668 — Invasion of Tennessee, 1669 — Hood's Defeats and Escape, 1670 — Con federate Cruisers, 1670 — Capture of the Alabama, 1671 — Farragut near Mobile, 1672 — Flection of President, 1672 — Sherman in the Carolinas, 1673 — Evacuation of Charleston, 1673 — Grier son's Raid, 1674 — Capture of Fort Fisher, 1674 — Battles at Averysboro' and Bentonville, 1675 — Wilson's Raid, 1675 — Capture of Mobile, 1675 — Operations below Petersburg, 1676 — Sheridan's Raid, 167s) — Lee's Attempt to Escape, 1676 — Stoneman's Raid, 1676 — Movements for Peace, 1677.

Chapter XXIV

A Desperate Struggle, p. 1679— Battle at the Five Forks, 1679 — Assault on Petersburg, 1680 — Panic in Richmond, 1680 — Flight of the Confederate Government, 1681 — Richmond on Fire, 1681 — National Troops Enter it, 1681 — Trophies and Confederate Archives, 16S1 — Rejoicings, 1681 — Seward's Speech, 1682 — Evacuation of Petersburg, 1682 — Lee becomes Despondent, is Defeated, and Surrenders at Appomattox Court-House, 1683 — Lee's Farewell Address, 1685 — Lincoln in Richmond, 1686 — Proclamation of Peace, 1686 — Assassination of the President, 16S6 — The Assassin's Fate, 1687 — Johnson President, 1687 — A Murderous Plot, 1687 — Proposal by the Confederate Leader Rejected by General Johnston, 1688 — Surrender of General Johnston and others, 1688 — Capture of Jefferson Davis, 1689 — Leniency toward Him, 1689.

Chapter XXV

Peace, p. 1690— The Armies Return Home, 1691 — Address to the Soldiers by the General-in- Chief, 1691 — Disbanding of the Armies, 1692 — A Problem Solved, 1692 — The Navy, its Growth and Work, 1692 — The Blockade and Blockade Runners, and the Results, 1693 — Exchange of Prisoners, 1694 — Davis's Proclamations, 1694— Exchange of Prisoners Stopped, 1694 — Treat ment of Union Prisoners, 1695 — Lee's Ignorance, 1697 — The Responsibility Properly Placed, 1697 — Hospitals, 1698 — United States Sanitary and Christian Commissions, 1698. CONTENTS. XIII

Chapter XXVI

Reorganization of the Union, p. 1702 — President Johnson's Plan, 1702 — Thirteenth Amend ment, 1703 — Character of the President, 1703 — Justice for the Freedmen, 1704 — Motives of Lincoln and Johnson Contrasted, 1704 — A Pitiful Trick, 1705 — Action in the Disorganized States, 1705 — The Test Oath, 1706—" Reconstruction" Committee, 1706— President, Offended, makes War on Congress, 1706 — His Political Tour, 1707— His Vetoes, 1708— The President and Secretary Stanton, 1708 — French Troops in Mexico, 1709 — Napoleon's Designs and Perfidy, 1709 — British Interference, 1709 — Suffrage in the District of Columbia, 1710 — President Threatened with Impeachment, 1710— Acts of Congress Vetoed and Passed, 1711 — Extra Sessions, 1712 — Unlawful Conduct of the President, 1712.

Chapter XXVII

The President's Message Condemned, p. 1714 — His Conduct Arraigned, 1714 — Stanton Reinstated, 1715 — Johnson against Grant, 1715 — " Reconstruction" Acts. 1715 — A High-handed Measure, 1715 — Impeachment of the President, 1716 — Charges, 1716 — Managers, 1717 — Popular Excitement, 1717 — Trial and Verdict, 1718 — Presidential Nominations, 1718 — Congress De nounced by a Convention, 1719 — Revolutionary Proposition, 1719 — Grant and Colfax Elected, 1719 — Amendment of the Constitution, 1720— Reorganization Completed, 1720 — Amnesty, 1720 — Military Rule Abandoned, 1721 — Treaty with China, 1721 — Policy toward the Indians Consid ered, 1722 — Fifteenth Amendment, 1723 — Financial Measure, 1723 — Inauguration of Grant, 1724 — His Cabinet, 1724 — Retirement of President Johnson, 1724.

Chapter XXVIII

Public Affairs, p. 1726 — "Alabama" Claims, 1726 — Financial Affairs, 1727 — National Debt, Banking and Currency, 1727 — Suspension and Resumption of Specie Payments, 1727 — Proposed Amendment of the Constitution, 1728— Pacific Railway, 1728 — Inter-oceanic Ship Canal Consid ered, 1729 — Difficulties with Cuba and Spain, 1730 — The "Virginius" Affair, 1730 — The San Domingo Question, 1731 — Samana Bay Company, 1731 — Joint High Commission, 1731 — Tribu nal of Arbitration and its Award, 1732 — Decision about Boundary on the Pacific, 1733 — Electro magnetic Telegraph, 1734 — Litigation, 1734 — Marine Telegraphy, 1734— Appliances of the Telegraph, 1735 — Weather Signaling, 1735— Revelations of the Census, 1736— New Apportion ment, 1736 — Pensions, 1736.

Chapter XXIX

Propositions of National Interest Rejected, p. 1737— Public Park, 1737— National Conven tions, 1737 — Distinguished Visitors, 1738 — Inauguration of Grant, 1738 — His Cabinet, 1738 — Acts of Congress, 1739 — Salaries, 1739— Aspect of Public Affairs, 1739 — Emigration, 1739— The " Panic," 1741— Indians and Indian Wars, 1742— The Modocs, 1742— Cheap Transportation, I74.3 — " Patrons of Husbandry," 1743— Disturbances in the South, 1744—" White League," 1744 The Sioux and their Reservation, 1744 — Expedition against the Sioux, 1745 — Destruction of Custer and his Command, 1746 — Custer's Remains taken to West Point, 1746— Escape of Sitting Bull, 1747— Admission of Colorado, 1747— Indian Territory and Alaska, 1748—Inhab itants of Indian Territory, 1748. CONTENTS. XIV

Chapter XXX

A Centennial Exhibition Proposed, 1749— First Practical Measures Adopted, 1750— The Subject Presented to Congress, 1750— Action of Congress, 1750— Commissioners Appointed, 1750 — Organization of the Centennial Commission, 1751 — Centennial Board of Finance, 1752— Official Seal, 1753— Preparations for Buildings, 1753— Grounds Devoted to the Exhibition, 1753 — Action of the Government, 1754 — Medals Authorized, 1754 — Exhibition Buildings and their Extent, 1755 — Women's Work, 1756 — Unpatriotic Action in Congress, 1756 — Opening of the Exhibition, 1757 — Whittier's Centennial Hymn, 1758 — The Result of the Exhibition, 1719— Its Close, 1760.

Chapter XXXI

Impeachment of a Cabinet Officer, 1761 — Amendment of the Constitution, 1761 — Issue of Silver Currency, 1763 — A " Presidential Year," 1763 — A Vigorous Political Campaign, 1763 — Lawlessness in the South, 1763 — Threatened Trouble there Provided Against, 1764 — The Presi dent's Orders, 1764 — A Committee of Observation, 1765— Action of Congress, 1765 — Prelimi nary Committees, 1765 — The Electoral Commission, 1766— Its Action, 1767 — Hayes and Wheeler Declared Elected, 1768 — Inauguration of Hayes, 1769 — His Policy and Cabinet, 1769 — Dispo sition of Troops in the South, 1769 — Improved Tone of Public Feeling, 1770 — Appropriations Neglected, 1770 — A Called Session of Congress, 1770 — The Deficiencies, 1771 — The Nez Perce Indians, 1771 — War with them, 1773 — Sitting Bull, 1773.