The History of England ... Copyright edition

Chapter I. James

I. ARRIVAL OF JAMES m ENOLAND — EMBASSIE3 FROM FOREIGN COURTS — CON- SPIRACY — CONFERENCE AT HAMPTON COURT — PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT IN CONVOCATION — SEVERITIES AGAINST THE CATHOLICS — ORIGIN AND PRO- GRESS OF THE GUNPOWDER PLOT — ITS FAILURE, AND THE FATE OF THE CONSPIRATORS— TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF OARNET — MEETINO OF PARLIAMENT — NEW PENAL LAWS — CONTROVERSY RESPECTING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE. James proclaimed ... 2 He enters England ; . . 3 His popularity decreases . . ib. Distribution of honours . . 6 Embassies .... 7 From Holland .... ib. From the archduke . . . ib. From the king of France . . ib. Politics of the Spanish court . 8 Conspiracy in England . . 9 "The bye" . . . .10 Apprehension of the conspirators 14 King's coronation . ■ .17 Trials 18 Of Raleigh .... 16. Of Cobham and Grey . .21 Executions . . . .22 Pardon of Cobham, Grey, and Markham . . . .23 King's conduct to the Catholics . 25 To the Puritans . . .26 Conference at Hampton Court . 27 A parliament . . . .31 Proceedings of convocation . 34 Persecution of the Puritans . 36 Of the Catholics . .37 Catesby's plot . . . .40 His associate Winter . .41 Other accomplices . . .43 James rejects the intercession of the Spanish king . . .46 The conspirators work at the mine 47 Catesby proposes a case to Garnet 48 Percy hires a cellar under the parliament house . . -49 Severity of the persecution . 50 Catesby receives more associates 52 His object suspected . . -53 Parliament prorogued . . 55 Sir Everard Digby . . • 5§ Francis Tresham . . -57 Plan of the conspirators . . 58 The plot revealed to Garnet . 60 Tresham hesitates . . . 61 Letter to Lord Mounteagle . 62 Doubts of the conspirators . . 64 They resolve to persevere . 66 Apprehension of Faukes . . 67 His resolution .... ib.

His accomplices flee . . .68 Are all slain or taken , . 69 Prisoners examined . . . 70 b VOL. VEL CONTENTS. VI Trials 70 And execution . . . .71 Apprehension of Garnet . . 72 His examination . . .73 His trial . . . . . 76 Subsequent examinations . . 78 And execution . . . .81 Punishment of Catholic lords . 82 Proceedings in parliament ■ . 85 Expostulation of Henry IV. . 86 New penal code . . . .87 Oath of allegiance . . • 91 Condemned by the pope -. .93 Approved by the arch-priest . 94 James writes in favour of the oath . . _ . -95 Controversy respecting it . .96

Chapter II. James And His Consort, Anne Of Denmark

— INSURRECTION — UNION OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND — KING'S EXPENSES — PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT MARRIAGE, IMPRISONMENT, AND DEATH OF ARABELLA STUART — DEATH OF PRINCE HENRY — RISE OF CARR, EARL OF SOMERSET — DIVORCE OF EARL AND COUNTESS OF ESSEX — RISE OF GEORGE VILLIERS, DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM — ARREST AND TRIAL OF EARL AND COUNTESS OF SOMERSET — DISGRACE OF COKE — TRANSACTIONS WITH HOLLAND — ERRORS OF VORSTIUS — SYNOD OF DOKT

Introduction

OF EPISCOPACY INTO SCOTLAND — VISIT OF JAMES TO EDINBURGH — COMMISSION OF GRACES IN IRELAND — FLIGHT OF TYRONE — PLANTATION OF ULSTER— PROCEEDINGS OF IRISH PABLIAMENT — NEW PLANTA- TIONS. Occupations of the king . . 99 Of the queen .... loo Insurrection .... 102 Salisbury and Northampton . 105 Union of England and Scotland 107 Naturalization of British subjects 109 King's expenses . . .110 New plan of finance . .113 Impositions . . . .114 Feudal burthens . . .116 Grievances . . . .117 Death of Cecil . . . .119 Arabella Stuart . . .120 Death of Prince Henry . .124 Marriage of Princess Elizabeth . 125 King's favouriteB . . . 127 Carr, earl of Somerset . . ib. Sir Thomas Overbury . .129 Causo of his imprisonment . ib. Divorce of the earl and countess ofEssex .... 131 Marriage of Somenet . . 133 New parliament . . . 135 Rise of George Villiers . . 137 Arrest of Somerset . . .138 Inquiry into the death of Overbury 139 Execution of the murderers • 140 Conduct of Somerset . . 141 Conviction of the countess . 143 And of the earl . . . 144 Disgrace of Coke . . . 145 Rise of Bacon .... 148 Transactions with Holland . 149 Respecting the succession to Cleves 1 5 1 The errors of Vorstius . .154 The synod of Dort . . .157 The church of Scotland . .158 Restoration of episcopacy . 159 King's visit to Scotland . . 163 The five articles . . . 165 Ireland . . . . .167 Public tranquillity . -. . 168 Religious discontent . .169 Commission of graces . , 171 Sufferings of his friends . .175 Revolt of O'Dogherty . .176 Plantation of Ulster . . 177 Institution of baronets . .179 Disputes in parliament . . ib.

Remonstrance of Catholics . 181 King judges between the parties ib. Conclusion of parliament . , 183 New plantations , . . CONTENTS. VII CHAPTER ni. PERSECUTION OF THE CATHOLICS, PURITANS, AND UNITARIANS — BACON — BUCKINGHAM — THE FAMILY OF THE LAKES — SIR WALTER RALEIGH — THE PALATINE ELECTED KING OF BOHEMIA — PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT — IMPEACHMENTS — DISGRACE OF BACON — WILLIAMS MADE LORD KEEPER — HOMICIDE BY ARCHBISHOP ABBOT — DISSENSION BETWEEN THE KING AND THE COMMONS — MARRIAGE TREATY WITH SPAIN — THE PETNCE AT MADRID— THT. MATCH BROKEN OFF — PARLIAMENT SUPPLY — IMPEACHMENT OF THE LORD TREASURER — INTRIGUE AGAINST BUCKINGHAM — PREPARATIONS FOR WAR WITH SPAIN — MARRIAGE TREATY WITH FRANCE — DEATH OF THE KINO. Archbishop Abbot . . .188 Sufferings of the Catholics . 189 Burning of Unitarians . .191 Bacon in disgrace . . . 192 Power of Buckingham . . 194 Trial of the earl of Suffolk . 195 Of the Lakes . . . .196 Sir Walter Raleigh . . .198 His discharge from the Tower . 199 His previous voyage to Guiana 200 Obtains leave to make another voyage ..... 202 His unfortunate attack on the town of St. Thomas . . 204 His return to England . . 205 His apprehension . . . ib.

HiB confinement . . . 206 His death .... 209 Death of the queen . . . 210 Insurrection in Bohemia . .211 The palatine elected king . 212 Embarrassment of James . 213 A parliament .... 215 Its proceedings . . . ib. Impeachment of patentees . 218 Of the lord chancellor . .219 His judgment .... 220 Other impeachments . . 222 Close of the session . . . 225 Williams lord keeper . 227 Homicide by Archbishop Abbot 228 He is absolved from irregularity 228 Treaties in favour of the palatine 230 Second session of parliament . 231 Quarrel between the king and the Commons . . . 232 Dissolution of parliament . . 235 Punishment of the members . 236 Treaty of marriage with Spain 237 Indulgences granted to the Catholics .... 240 Progress of the treaty . .241 Journey of the prince to Spain 242 Delays of the Spaniards . . 247 Dissatisfaction of Buckingham . 249 Artifice to break off the match. 251 Recall of Bristol . . . 254 Regret of James . . . 255 Parliament called . . .257 Vote of money . . .261 Proceedings against Catholics . 262 Grievances .... 263 Prosecution of the earl of Middlesex 264 Intrigue agaiost Buckingham . 266 Defeated by Williams . . 268 Preparations for war . .271 Treaty of marriage with a French princess . . . 273 It is concluded. . . . 275 Death of James . . .277 His character . ... ib. CONTENTS. VIII

Chapter IV. Charles

L THE KING'S MARRIAGE — HIS FTE3T PARLIAMENT — UNSUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST CADIZ — SECOND PARLIAMENT — IMPEACHMENTS OF BRISTOL AMD BUCKINGHAM — WAR WITH FRANCE — DISGRACEFUL EXPEDITION TO THE ISLE OF RHfi THTRD PARLIAMENT — PETniON OF BIGHT ASSASSINATION OF BUCKINGHAM — MINISTERS — LAUD, BISHOP OF LONDON — EXPEDIENTS TO RAISE MONEY — PEACE WTTH FRANCE AND SPAIN — PROCEEDINGS IN FAVOUR OF THE PALATINE. The king's marriage . . 284 He calls a parliament . . 285 State of parties . . . ib. Proceedings of parliament at Westminster . . . 288 At Oxford .... 290 Expedition against Cadiz . 292 Foreign treaties . . . 293 Preparations for the meeting of parliament .... 295 Complaints by the Commons . 297 Question of privilege . . 299 Bristol accused of treason . 300 He accuses the duko ; . 301 Bristol's answer . . . 303 The duke is impeached by the Commons .... ib.

Two of the managers imprisoned 304 The duke made chancellor of Cambridge .... 305 His defence .... ib. Expedients to raise money . 307 A forced loan .... 309 Punishment of the refractory . 310 Causes of war with France . ib. The duke's passion for Anne of Austria . . . -311 Dismissal of the queen's household 313 Of the causes of dissension . 317 Intrigues with the Freno ! 9 testants .... 318 Buckingham appears before Rochelle ..... 321 Descent on the Isle of Rh6 . ib. Revolt of the Protestants . . 322 Retreat from Rhe . . . 323 A parliament called . . 325 Its proceedings . . . 326 Petition of right . . . 330 The king dissembles . .331 And passes it . . . . 332 Prorogation of parliament . 334 Advantages gained by the country party . . . 335 Political apostasy . . . 338 Assassination of the duke : 339 Punishment of the assassin . 342 Loss of Rochelle . . , 343 Religious grievances . . 344 Petition of right . . . 345 Tumults in the lower house . 348 Members imprisoned . . 349 Plan to govern without parliament 350 Members of the council . . 352 Bishop Laud .... 354 Peace with France . . : 355 With Spain .... 356 Intrigues with the States of Flanders .... 357 New sources of revenue . . 358 Treatment of the Catholics . CONTENTS. IX

Chapter V. The Kino In Scotland

— DISCONTENT IN ENGLAND — IN IRELAND— OPPRESSIVE CONDUCT OF WENTWORTH — IN SCOTLAND — NEW SERVICE BOOK — COVENANT — EIOTS — KING MARCHES AGAINST THE COVENANTERS — PACIFICATION OF BERWICK — SCOTTISH AND ENGLISH PARLIAMENTS — A SECOND WAR SCOTS OBTAIN POSSESSION OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM GREAT COUNCDL AT YORK TREATY TRANSFERRED TO LONDON. Transactions in Scotland . . 368 Coronation in Edinburgh . . 369 Scottish parliament . . . ib. Conduct of Laud , . . 371 Envoy from the pope . • 373 Trials in the Star-chamber . 377 Trial of the bishop of Lincoln . 379 Of Prynne .... 382 Of Bastwick and Burton , . 383 Their punishment . . . 385 High Commission court . . 387 New treasurer .... 389 Encroachments on the forests . 390 Ship-money . . . .391 Hampden .... 395 Proceedings in Ireland . . 397 Wentworth lord deputy . . 400 Irish parliament . . .401 Convocation .... 402 Irish Court of Wards . . 404 New plantations projected . 405 Prosecutions .... 407 Trial of Mountnorris . . 409 Wentworth's apology . . ib.

Scotland 410 Trial of Balmerino . . .411 New service book , . . 412 It is opposed .... 414 Tumult 415 Establishment of the "Tables" 418 Petitions 419 A new covenant . . . ib. Hamilton commissioner . .421 Concessions refused . . . 423 Assembly at Glasgow . . 424 Preparations for war . . . 426 Backwardness of the English . 429 Scots begin hostilities . . 430 The armies meet . . . 433 Pacification of Berwick . . ib. Assembly at Edinburgh , . 435 Parliament .... 436 Destruction of a Spanish fleet . 438 Irish parliament . . . 439 English parliament . . . 440 Dissolution .... 443 Riots ..... 444 Convocation .... 446 Scottish parliament . . . 448 Warlike preparations . . 449 Scots pass the Tyne . . .451 Negotiation .... 452 Great council of peers . . 453 Partial agreement with the Scots 454 Treaty transferred to London . 455

Chapter VI. Proceedings In Parliament

— IMPEACHMENTS OF STRAFFORD AND LAUD— VOTE AGAINST THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL POWERS OF BISHOPS — TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF STRAFFORD — TRIENNIAL PARLIAMENTS — THE KING HOLDS A PARLIAMENT IN SCOTLAND — REBELLION IN IRELAND — REMONSTRANCE OF THE COMMONS — PROTEST AND IMPEACHMENT OF TWELVE BISHOPS — KING IMPEACHES SIX MEMBERS — BISHOPS DEPRIVED OF SEATS IN PARLIAMENT — PROGRESS OF THE REBELLION IN IRELAND KING RETIRES TO YORK — HE IS REFUSED ENTRANCE INTO HULL THE HOUSES LEVY AN ABMY — CHARLES SETS UP HIS STANDARD AT NOTTINGHAM. Opening of parliament . . 456 State of parties . . . 457 Proceedings in parliament . 459 Impeachment of Strafford . 461 VOL. VII. C X CONTENTS. Of Windebank .... 462 Of Laud 463 Of Finch 464 Treaty with the Scots . . 465 Vote of the Commons . . 466 Petitions against bishops . . 467 Change of ministers . . . 468 Trial of Strafford . .469 Charges made against him . 472 The Lords favourable to him . 475 The Commons pass a bill of attainder 478 Stratford's defence . . . 479 The king's efforts to save him . 480 Protestation of the houses . . 483 Bill passed .... 485 Stratford's letter to the king . 486 Distress of Charles . . . 487 He yields . ... ib.

Death of Strafford ... 489 Stratford's guilt . . ib. More impeachments . ; .491 Queen's terrors . . . . ib. Jealousy between the houses . 493 King in Scotland . . . 495 The incident .... 499 Irish rebellion .... 503 Its origin 5°5 Secret intrigue by the king . 506 Plot discovered . . . 507 Rebels in Ulster . . .508 Their apology .... 509 Charles returns to London. . 510 The remonstrance . . • S11 Proceedings of parliament. . 513 Commitment of twelve bishops . 515 Six members impeached by the king . . . . 516 Triumph of his opponents . . 518 Intrigues in court aud the two houses ..... 5'9 Dispute about demand of forces 521 King retires to York . . 524 Progress of rebellion in Ireland 525 Rising of the pale . . . ib. Their vindication . . . 526 Cruelties 527 Measures of relief . . . 528 Fruitless attempt on Hull. . 530 Both parties raise men . .531 Their demands . . . 533 Commencement of hostilities . 535 King raises his standard . . 536 Reflections . . . . ib. Notes ... . . HISTORY OF ENGLAND.