The Roman History ... Illustrated with maps and other plates ... The fifth edition

Front matter

m 2 ?> \o >2 l3 a i) SE H E 2SZ j>> gas-yr fe *3 *> ;> 2æ i * BF^pIp^^p^K^^pIp^? i V £ > ►2. i> s: sr I E m i æ > ST IQ<D(DI£lBo LONDON: PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER, SON, AND CO, PUBLISHED AT 38, NEWGATE STREET, AND SOLD BV ALL BOOKSELLERS. THE ROMAN HISTORY; EROM THE BUILDING OF ROME TO THE RUIN OF THE COMMONWEALTH BY N. HOOKE, ESQ. WITH MAPS AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. I. FROM THE BUILDING OF ROME TO THE END OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR, IN THE TEAR OF ROME 512. LONDON : PRINTED AT THE CAXTON PRESS, BY H. FISHER, SON, AND CO. PUBLISHED AT 38, NEWGATE STREET ; AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE CANNING, ONE OF HIS MAJESTY'S PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OF STATE, &C. &C. THE HISTORY OF ROME, THE COUNTRY OF CICERO AND MÆCENAS, IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED.

List ofthe Engravings, and Directions for placing them. No. Paee 37. Masinissa \>nt to flight by the Cartha- 38. ginian army 134 Sophonisba imploring the protection of Masinissa 138 39. The Roman ladies soliciting the tribunes 40. and prætors for a repeal of the Oppian laws 166 Hannibal departing from Africa .... 170 41. Hannibal swallowing the poison in the 42. subterranean passage 202 Attempt to assassinate Eumenes in the hollow pass 212 43. Commencement of battle between the Ro- 44. mans and Thracians 234 The consul Appius Claudius protected from the tribune by his vestal slaughter . . • 276 45. Caius Gracchus throwing himself on his 46. sword in the Forest of the Furies . . . 310 A daughter of Helvius, a Roman knight, killed by lightning 320 4". The Numidian escaping from the tent of 48.

Nabdalsa with the letter 340 The Ligurian climbing the rock to the summit of the Numidian fortress . . • 348 49. Martha, the Syrian prophetess, delivering 50. her oracles 361 Marius sitting amongst the ruins of Carthage 393 51. Quarto Map: Orbis Romani, pars Occi 52. dentalis — 55. Sylla reproaching the little image of Apollo 56. with his defeat , . 410 Stratagem of the consul Sertorius With the milk-white hind 429 57. Death of Sertorius at the banquet . . . 432 58. Tigranes king of Armenia, parting with his diadem to his son 460 59. Demetrius, having poisoned his family, soli 60. citing the Gaul to stab him 477 Pompey receiving the sons of king Artoces as hostages 471 VOL. III. 61. Q. Curius disclosing to Fulvia the conspi- 62. racy of Catiline 43 The dead bodv of Catiline discovered on the field of battle 62 63.

Book I. Chap

I. OF THE ORIGINAL OP THE ROMANS, AND THE BUILDING OF ROME. Sect. I. The first Romans were of Trojan extraction. II. Æneas's voyage lo Italy. III. The ancient inhabitants of that country. IV. Æneas's reception by Latinus. King of Latium. He marries Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus anil builds Lavinium. V. He succeeds to the kingdom of his father-in-law. ' VI. The death of Æneas, who is succeeded by his son Ascanius. VII. Ascanius sounds Alba Longa, and yields Lavinium to Æneas Sylvius, the son of Æneas by Lavinia. VIII. The Latins upon the death of Ascanius unite Lavinium aud Alba into one dominion, which they decree to Æneas Sylvius, but give the sovereign power in affairs of religion to lulus, the son of Ascanius. IX. The succession of the kings of Alba from Æneas Sylvius to Amulius, who dethrones his elder brother Numitor.

X. The birth, education, and adventures, of Romulus and Remus. They dethrone Amulius, and restore their grandfather Numitor. XI. Numitor sends his two grandsons to plant a colony. They quarrel about the spot of ground where the new city shall stand. Remus is slain. XII. Rome is built.— B. C. 753 page i CHAP. II. ROMULUS. I. Romulus is chosen king of Rome. II. He puts o*.: i robe of distinction, and appoints twelve lictors to attend him. III. He divides his colony into three tribes, and these into thirty curiæ. IV. He distinguishes the people into patricians and plebeians, patrons, andclients. V. He constitute* a senate. VI. He appoints himself a guard of three hundred horsemen called celeres. VII. He settles the respective prerogatives of the king, senate, and people. VIII. The religious laws of Romulus.

IX. His civil laws. X. To augment his colony, he opens an asylum for fugitive slaves and outlaws. XL The rape of the Sabine women. XII. The Sabines endeavour to recover their women by a treaty. In the meantime Romulus defeats the Cœninenses, slays Acron their king in single combat, and decrees himself a triumph for his victory. He reduces Crustuminum and Antemnœ, and gains other advantages. XIII. Romulus's war with the Sabines. XIV. He concludes a peace with them, and admits Titus Tatius, their king, to be his partner on the throne. The followers of Tatius are transplanted to Rome, and become one people with the Romans. XV. Tatius creates a hundred new senators chosen out of the Sabines. The creation of the first Roman knights. The festival of theMatronalia instituted. XVI. The death of Tatius.

XVII. Romulus defeats the Camerini, Fidenates, and Veientes. He renouncesthe king dom of Alba upon the death of Numitor. XVIII. The murder of Romulusby the senate, and the artifice of Julius Proculus to appease the feople. . . 14 CHAP. III. NUMA. I. The death of Romulus is followed by an interregnum. A description of that sort of government. The people grow weary of it, whereupon it is unanimously resolved to choose a king. II. The character of Numa Pompilius, a Sabine philosopher. III. He is elected to succeed Romulus : but is with difficulty persuaded to accept nf the kingdom. He consults the will of the gods by augury. IV. Numa is no sooner upon the throne than he applies himself to quiet the dissensions at Rome, and to moderate the warlike ardour of the Romans by the im pressions of religion.

V. He divides the ministers of religion into eight classes. The Curiones, Flamines, Celeres, Augurs. VI. Vestals. VII. Salii- VIII. Feciales. IX. Pontifices. X. He directs an especial reverence to be paid to the god Janus ; and makes a goddess of Bona Fides. XL He introduces CONTENTS. IV a new sort of gods, called Termini or Boundaries. XII. He amends some of Ro mulus's laws ; and makes new ones. XIII. He sends away the idle soldiery to cultivate the lands conquered by Romulus. XIV. He distributes the citizens into distinct companies, according to their trades. XV. He reforms the calendar XVI. Numa dies, and his books are buried with him. • 32 CHAP. IV. TULLUS HOSTILIUS. I. Tullus Hostilius, a man of a generous and martial disposition, is elected by the Romans to succeed Numa. II. The rivalship between Rome and Alba for superiority.

III. The dispute is decided by the famous combat between the three Horatii andthe'three Curialii, in which the latter are all slain, and two of the former. IV. The surviving Horatius, returning to the city, in triumph, stabs his own sister, for reproaching him with the death of her lover. He is tried by the Duumviri, and condemned to die. He appeals to the people, and they mitigate the sentence. V. Tullus, in conjunction with the Albans, engages in a war against the Veientes, and defeats them. The treachery of the Albans. Tullus demolishes Alba, and transplants the inhabitants to Rome. VI. He vanquishes the Fidenates, Sabines, and Latins; and institutes the Saturnalia. VII. In his old age, he falls into superstition, and studies magic. He is assassinated in his own palace. 42 CHAP. V. ANCUS MARTIUS.

I. Ancus Martius, the grandson of Numa, is chosen to succeed Tullus Hostilius. He declares war against the Latins in all the forms prescribed by Numa. He vanquishes the enemy in several battles, and takes many of their towns II. He strengthens Rome by new fortifications, and builds Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber. He defeats the Fidenates, Sabines, Veientes, and Volsci. III. He dies, leaving two sons under the tuition cf Lucius Tarquinius, a foreigner from Hetruria, who had settled at Rome. — •• 49 CHAP. VI. TARQUINIUS PRISCUS I. The politic management of Tarquinius to obtain the kingdom. He is elected king, and adds to the senate 100 new senators chosen out of the plebeians. II. The Latins renew the war against the Romans. Tarquin, by repeated victories over them, reduces them to sue for peace.

At his return to Rome, he builds a circus for the Roman games. III. He totally subdues the twelve Lucumonies of Hetruria. IV. He applies himself to cleanse and beautify Rome. V. He renews the war with the Sabines. He increases the number of the Roman knights. The adventure of Navius the augur. VI. Tarquin subdues the Sabines. VII. He marks out the area of a temple to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, on the hill Tarpeius, afterward called the Capitol. VIII. The sons of Ancus conspire thedeath of Tarqura. He is assassinated in his own palace. The stratagem of Queen Tanaquil to secure the kingdom to her son-in-law, who takes possession of it, without being legally elected to the throne. 51 CHAP. VII. SERVIUS TULLIUS. I The birth and education of Servius Tullius. The honours he pays to the goddess Fortune upon his elevation to the throne.

II. The patricians conspire to dispossess him. He gains the people to his interest, is legally elected king by thecuriæ, and though the senate refuses to confirm this election, keeps posses-" sion. III. Servius defeats the rebellious Hetrurians. He enlarges Rome, and adds a fourth tribe to the three old ones. He institutes the compitalia in favour of slaves. He divides the Roman territorry with its inhabitants into tribes. He marries his two daughters to Lucius Tarquinius and Arunx, the grandsons of the late King. He subdues the Hetrurians. IV. Servius divides the Roman citizens into six classes, and these into centuries. He institutes the census and the lustrum, and coins money. V. He gives the liberti or freedmen the privilege of Roman citizens. VI. He reforms the regal power, and executes a scheme for securing to the Romans the fidelity and friendship of the Latins and Sabines.

VII. The wicked intrigues of Tarquin and the younger Tullia. Tarquin accuses the King of usurpation before the senate. Servius pleads his cause there, but appeals to the people, and is by them confirmed on the throne. VIII. Tarquin regains the King's favour by submissions, but soon after causes him to be murdered" and usurps tbe kingdom. , CONTENTS. CHAP. VIII. TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS. I. The tyranny of Tarquin, who gets the surname of the Proud. His haughty treatmentof the Latin deputies, and treacherous contrivance to destroy Turnus llerdomus. II. The Latin association, and the institution of the Feriæ Latinæ I arqum assisted by the Latins defeats the Volsci and subdues the Sabines He finishes the common sewers and Circus Maximus at Rome. Ill His war with the people of^Gabii, and the cruel stratagem whereby he becomes master of that cily.

IV. The adventure of the woman with the Sybil's books. The rise of the wutten civil law. Tarquin builds the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. V. He sends two of his sons with Brutus to consult the oracle at Delphos. VI. The rbpe of Lucretia. The Tarquins are banished, and a commonwealth established al Rome, under two consuls, to be annually chosen 69

Book II. Chap

I. FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH IN THE YEAR OF ROME 244, TO THE RE-BUILDING OF THE CITY IN 3G5, AFTER THE BURNING OF IT BY THE GAULS. I. The state and condition of Rome on the abolition of the regal power. II. Tarquin prevails with the magistrates of Tarquinii in Hctruriato send an embassy to Rome in his favour, with a letter from him to the Roman people. III. A second embassy from the Tarquinienses to the Romans. The ambassadors engage some of the young patricians in a plot against the new government. It is discovered by Vindiciusa slave. Brutus condemns his own sons to death, and sees the execution. IV. Collatinus is forced to abdicate the consulship; and Valerius is chosen to succeed him. V. Tarquin having stirred up the Tarquinienses and Veientes to take arms in his cause, they come to a battle with the Romans, in which Brutus is slain.

VI. The people entertain a jealousy of Valerius's ambition, but soon after give him the name of Poplicola or Popular, on account of the laws be makes in their favour, to the diminution of the consular authority. He creates two treasurers with the title of quæstors. 79 CHAP. II. I. Poplicola is chosen consul a second time, and T. Lucretius appointed to be his colleague. Porsena, king of Clusium, in Hetruria, sends a threatening embassy to Rome. The Romans choose Poplicola consul a third time, and give him Horatius Pulvillus for a colleague. II. Porsena, in conjunction with some of the Latin states, marches an army into the neighbourhood of Rome. The remarkable bravery of Horatius Codes. III. The desperate enterprise and wonderful resolution of Mucius Scævola. Porsena, intimidated by the courage of the Romans. desists from his demand of having the banished king restored, lie makes a truce with the Romans, who refer it to hisjudgment, whether they shall restore toTarquin his paternal estate or not.

The adventure of Clælia during the pleadings. Porsena renounces the cause of Tarquin entirely, and makes a peace with the Romans. IV. The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is consecrated. Sp. Lartius and T. Herminius chosen consuls. The Romans show their gratitude to Porsena. 86 CHAP. III. I. The Romans, in the consulship of M. Valerius (brother of Poplicola). and P. Posthumius, make war against the Sabines, and twice defeat them. II. The Sabines unite in a national body against Rome, where Poplicola is chosen consul a fourth time. Appius Claudius leaves the Sabines and comes over to the Romans, with all his followers and dependants. The Sabines are again defeated. HI. Poplicola dies. The Sabines upon his death take courage, and renew the war, in the consulship of P. Posthumius and Menenius Agrippa, who obtain a signal victory over them.

IV. An ovation only is decreed to Posthumius, but a triumph to Menenenius. V. The Sabines are subdued in the succeeding consulship of Sp. Cassias and Opiter Virginius.- 91 VOL. I. A CONTENTS. VI CHAP. IV. I. The Latins declare for king Tarquin, against the new republic ; but, before they take the field, send an embassy to Rome with proposals for an accommodation. II. A conspiracy is there formed by some of Tarquin's emissaries, who accompany the Latin ambassadors. The plot is discovered and prevented : and the ambassadors dismissed with a refusal of their demands. III. The Latins dispatch a second embassy to Rome with offers of peace, upon new conditions ; these are also rejected by the senate. The Romans prepare for war ; but when the con*suls would make the necessary levies, the poorer citizens refuse to serve.

IV. The cruelty of their creditors is the cause of this mutiny. The debtors demand an absolute remission of their debts. Great disputes arise in the senate on this occasion. In so dangerons a situation of affairs, they judge it necessary to create a dictator (a sovereign uncontrollable magistrate), and to this they get the people's consent. V. Titus Lartius is appointed to that supreme dignity. The levies for the war are now carried on without difficulty. After very little action in the field, a truce is made with the Latins for a year ; during which, the Roman woman married into Latium, and the Latin women married at Rome, have leave to return to their respective countries. VI. The truce being expired, Posthumius, one ofthe consuls, is named dictator, and has the sole conduct of the war. He gives the Latins an entire overthrow in the battle of Regillus ; after which, the whole nation submits.

Tarquin, being obliged to quit Latium, retires to Cuma in Campania, and there, in a few months after, dies. 95 CHAP. V. I. Domestic broils at Rome. II. The Volsci, encouraged thereby, prepare to fall upon the Romans. The plebeians at Rome refuse to list themselves for the war. Servilius, one of the consuls, with an army of volunteers, who follow him out of personal affection, terrifies the enemy into a submission for the present; but he has no sooner led back his army, than they renew their preparations to attack the republic. III. While the senate are consulting about the levies to be made upon this occasion, a sudden accident occasions an insurrection at Rome. Servilius appeases the tumult. News comes that the Volsci are approaching. Servilius, by fair promises in relation to the debts, engages the people to list themselves.

IV. He defeats the enemy, and, though the senate refuse him a triumph at his return, on account of his indulgence to the soldiers, he triumphs in spite of their opposition. V. After this he takes the field again, and defeats the Aurunci. VI. The debtors at his return from the war claim the performance of his promises. Servilius. not having power to make them good, is treated by the people with contempt. He thereupon becomes their enemy, and the sedition increases. • 106 CHAP. VI. I. The people refuse to obey the summons of the new consuls (A. Virginius and T. Vetrurius) to list themselves for *a war against the Sabines, Æqui, and Volsci. Manius Valerius, a brother of Poplicola, is created dictator. II. Valerius prevails with the people to serve, by promising them full satisfaction in relation to their complaints when the war shall be over, and by suspending in the mean time all prosecutions for debt.

Three armies are raised, to be commanded by the dictator and the two consuls. The enemy are defeated on all sides. III. The dictator at his return home demands of the senate to discharge his engagements to the debtors. His demand is rejected. He excuses himself to the people, and resigns the dictatorship. Ill CHAP. VII. I. The discontent among the people augments. The consuls, to give the mutineers a diversion, lead their two armies, which they had not yet disbanded, a°*ain into the field. The soldiers desert their generals, and, by the advice of Sicinius Bellutus, re'ireto a hill three miles from Rome. II. The senate dispatch a deputation 10 them to persuade them to return ; but in vain. Posthumius Cominius, and Spurius Cassius, are chosen consuls. Warm debates in the senate. A second deputation is sent to the mutineers in spite of the remonstrances of Appius Claudius.

III. The artful management of Sicinius Bellutus, and Junius Brutus, the two heads of the sedition, in their conference with the deputies. IV. Menenius Agrippa, by his famous apologue, overcomesthe obstinacy of the mutineers ; but when they are just ready to go back to the city, Brutus puts a stop to their march till the senate have agreed to the creation of some new officers, chosen out of the plebeians, to be the future protectors of the people. These officers were styled tribunes of the people -IU CONTENTS. VII CHAP. VIII. L The tribunes of the people obtain of the senate, that two officers be annually elected (out of the plebeians) to be their ministers and assistants ; who are afterward called cediles. II. The war is renewed against the Volsci. The Roman arms prevail. Caius Marcius Coriolanus signalizes his courage in the war.

Ill A famine at Rome revives the civil dissensions. The senate send away great numbers of the people to plant two colonies. IV. The tribunes give out, that the dearth of provisions is owing to the malice of the senate. The Consuls convene the people to undeceive them. The tribunes dispute with the consuls for the right of speaking in the assembly. The contrivance of Brutus to engage the people to make a law, tribuno rogante. The senate will not admit this law to be valid. The tribunes refuse the senate levies regularly made to act against the Antiates. Coriolanus at the head of some volunteers, ravages the enemy's territory, sharing all the spoil among his soldiers 122 CHAP. IX. I. Plenty of corn being brought to Rome from Sicily, fresh disputes arise in the senateaboutthedistributionofit.

Coriolanus is for taking advantage of the people's distress to get the tribuneship abolished. The younger senators applaud the motion. II. The tribunes, who had been present at this debate, go away in a fury, and stir up the people to revenge. They cite Coriolanus to appear before them, He refuses. They endeavour to seize him as he comes out of the senate-house. but are repulsed by those who attend him. The consuls appease the tumult. Ill Early the next morning the tribuues hold an assembly of the people on this affair. Minucius, the consul, by gentle words, disposes the multitude to peace; but Coriolanus spoils all by a fresh declaration of the same sentiments which had before offended them. The tribunes condemn him to death. The patricians oppose the execution of this rash sentence, and the people seem not to approve it.

The tribunes therefore resolve to prosecute Coriolanus in a legal way, and to convene the people by tribes for his trial. The assembly is adjourned. 127 CHAP. X. I. The consuls endeavour by remonstrances to allay the heat of the tribunes, and bring them to conform to the ancient usages, which did not allow the people to take cognizance of any affair till it was referred to them by a decree of the senate. The tribunes consent to observe this rule, and desire they may be heard by the fathers in relation to their charge against Coriolanus. II. The tribune Decius makes a long speech in the senate, inveighing bitterly against the accused, and contending for the people's right to judge him. III. Appius Claudius in very strong terms opposes this pretension. IV. But Valerius, in terms no less strong, urges the expediency of the senate's compliance.

He exhorts Coriolanus in the most pathetic manner to submit himself to the people's judgment ; and he adds a discourse in behalf of abalance of power between the patricians and plebeians. V. It is carried by a majority of votes that Coriolanus shall be tried by the people. Coriolanus having assurances given him, that the accuser's charge shall be confined to the single crime of tyranny, consents to the drawing up of the decree. A day for the trial is appointed. 131 CHAP. XI. I. The day being come for Coriolanus's trial, a dispute arises between the consuls and tribunes.whether the people shall give their suffrages by centuries, according to the ancient custom, or by tribes, which had never yet been practised. The tribunes, who are for the latter, prevail. H. Coriolanus's cause is heard. He is condemned to banishment, and leaves Rome. 137 CHAP. XII.

I The plebeians exult upon the victory they have gained over the patricians in the as fair of Coriolanus. The Romans having now no war abroad, nor squabble at home to employ them, turn their minds wholly to superstition, during the consulate of Q. Si.lpicius and Sp. Lartius. II. The tribunes, from a political view, persuade the people at the next election of consuls to choose men of little spirit, and mean abilities for war. Their choice falls upon C.Julius and P. Pinarius Rufus. 111. In the meantime, Coriolanus, retires privately to Antium, one of the principal cities of the Volsci, discovers himself to Attius Tullus, general of that nation, offers him his services against Rome, and is nobly received by him. IV. These two generals concert a stratagem to stir up the Volsci to renew the war with the Romans.

Coriolanus is introduced by Tullus into the assembly of the Volscian states, and there A CONTENTS. makes a speech, which is highly applauded. They resolve upon war, and to commit the conduct of it to Tullus and Coriolanus ; but the first, by advice of the latter, send an embassy to Rome, to make such demands of the republic as they are sure will be rejected. The Volscian ambassadors are dismissed by the Roman senate with a haughty answer '*" CHAP. XIII. I. Coriolanus, at the head of a Volscian army, recovers from the Romans all the towns they had taken from the Volsci ; carries several cities in Latiuin by assault, and then leads his troops within five miles of Rome ; where new consuls are chosen, Sp. Nautius and Sex. Furius. II. The people, terrified at his approach, cry out to have the sentence of his banishment reversed.

The patricians oppose it. He marches to Rome and invests it. The senate and people agree to sue to him for peace. Three deputations are sent to him successively, to persuade him to desist from his demands in savour of the Volsci ; but all in vain. III. The mother and wife of Coriolanus go, attended by all the Roman laiiies of distinction, to make a fourth attempt upon his resolution. IV. The interview a'nd conference between Coriolanus and his mother, who prevails upon him to raise the siege of Rome ; after which he is assassinated by the Volsci 143 CHAP. XIV. I. The Romans gain some victories over the Volsci and Hernici. II. Sp. Cassius (now a third time consul) concludes an alliance with the Hernici upon terms which displease the senate. III. He proposes the Agrarian law. IV. The opposition of the nobles to the passing of this law.

The consul Virginius and even the tribunes oppose it. VI. The artful conduct of the tribune Rabuleiusto draw an advantage to the people from the dispute between the consuls. VII. Cassius, to get his law passed, brings great numbers of Latins and Hernici to Rome to vote for it. His colleague orders them to leave the city. VIII. The senate, to quiet the contention, decree a partition of ;e conquered lands, but defer the execution of their decree. IX. Cassius is arrainged before the ps rple for treason. 160 CHAP. XV. I. The people regret the death of Cassius. The senate find means to divert them awhile from the pursuit of the Agrarian law. II. The war with the Volsci breaking out afresh, the tribune Mænius protests against any levies or the service, till something effectual be done in relation to the Agrarian law.

The consuls, by a stratagem, get the better ofhis opposition. III. The senate endeavour to obtain the consulship for Appius Claudius. The tribunes, to hinder it excite such a tumult, that there is no possibility ofproceedingin the election. The republic falls into an interregnum. Sp. Latinus being interrex, nquiets the contention between the two parties. IV. Icilius, one of the tribunes, opposes the necessary levies for a war with the Æqui and Veientes. Appius Claudius suggests a stratagem to the senate, by which they carry their point against Icilius. 169 CHAP. XVI. I. The troops commanded by Cæso Fabius, not liking their general, will not suffer him lo gain any honour in the campaign. H. M. Fabius (a second time) and Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus are elected to ihe consulate. They obtain a signal victory over the Hetrurians, chiefly by the bravery of the Fabii, who from this time became popular.

III. Cæso Fabius (a third time) an. 1 T. Virginius are chosen consuls. Cæsodefeats the Æqui and Veientes. IV. The Fabian family undertake alone to guard the frontiers against the Veientes. Cæso, as soon as he has resigned the fasces (to L. Æmilius ami C. Servilius), joins the rest of his family in quality of proconsul, a new invented dignity. V. The Romans carry on the war against the Æqui, Volsci, and Veientes. Æmilius, after a successful Campaign against the last, is refused a triumph. He seeks to revenge hiu.selfon the senate. VI. In the succeeding consulship (of C. Horatius and T. Menenius) all Hetruria declare war against Rome. The miserable fate of the Fabii. The Hetrurian arms prevail. But the next year's consuls (A. Virfr-inius and P. Servilius) give the enemy an entire overthrow. jyo CHAP. XVII.

I. Menenius, one of the last year's consuls, is cited by the tribunes to appear before the people, and answer far his conduct in relation to the Fabii He is cbn demned in a fine. II. His successor Servilius is prosecuted as soon as he has resigned the fasces but is honourably acquitted. War is carried on with success CONTENTS. IX against several of the neighbouring states. III. The consuls L. Æn ilius and Vopiscus Julius, are publicly called upon by the tribune Genucius to naiue the commissioners for the partition of the lands. Finding that the consuls shun meddling in that affair, he begins a criminal process against their predecessors Man lius and F-urius, for having neglected the naming of those commissioners. The trial is prever'ed by the sudden death of Genucius 176 CHAP. XV11I. I. The haughty and imprudent behaviour of the consuls after the death of Genucius, in relation to P. Voliro.

The people rise, and the consuls hide themselves. II. Volero is chosen a tribune of the people. He proposes a law for electing the tribunes in the comitia by tribes. The disputes on this head are inlenupted by a plague. III. The senate get the consulship for Appius Claudius and T. Quinctius. These differ about the means to defeat Volero's project. IV. Volero renews the proposal of his law in an assembly of the people Quinctius, by soft words, disposes the people to reject it: but Appius, by a speech full of pride, and heat, ruins the effect of what his colleague had said. The tribune Lætoi ius commands Appius to be led to prison. A scuffle ensues. Night puts an end to the disorder. V. The tumult is renewed next morning. Quinctius, by prudent management, quiets it, and prevails upon the senate to let Volero's law pass. 178 CHAP. XIX.