A narrative of military service

Preface

. Those who make history do not write it, for they stand too near the event. It is their province to furnish the theme and supply the material for the shaping hand of the future historian. Ever since the war I have felt it a duty which I owed to my men, and, in some sort, to myself, to tell the story of our common service. The materials for this work have been derived mainly from three sources : first, my own recollection ; secondly, the official record ; and, thirdly, private letters from actors in the struggle, to the writers of which I here, once for all, make my acknowledgment. This narrative contains, with much that will be familiar, some things that are new. It touches on, and may set at rest, a few disputed questions of fact, and it crosses the lines of certain personal controversies about which the public are supposed to know little.

Every great war engenders an ignoble swarm of jealousies and calumnies which buzz and sting for long years after kindly Nature has repaired the battlefields. I have had my share of these annoyances, and may feel bound, at some future time, to prepare for the official and pro- VI

PREFACE.

. sessional eye a formal presentation of my own case, to the end that testimony may be perpetuated and the record purged of error. But from these pages I have excluded controverted matter, except so far as the tell ing of a plain tale for the general reader necessarily involves it. I send out this book as my contribution toward the history of our heroic age. It may awaken proud recol lections in the breast of an old comrade ; it may make a son's heart exult at the sight of his father's name ; above all, it may help to reveal, to establish, and to confirm the truth, which it is the part of every one to tell, and from which neither the brave men whom I led, nor their leader, have as soldiers anything to fear. WM. B. HAZEN. Washington, D. C, Jan. 1, 1885. CON-TENTS. CHAFTEB PAGE I. The Forty-first Ohio 1 II.

The Nineteenth Brigade 15 III. Shiloh 24 IV. After Shiloh 49 V. Stone River 71 VI. Eeadyville 95 VII. Manchester 99 VIII. In Front op Chattanooga 103 IX. Chickamauga . , 120 X. The Siege op Chattanooga 148 XL Raising the Siege 154 XII. Orchard Knob 165 XIII. Assault and Capture op Mission Ridge .... 173 XIV. East Tennessee 236 XV. Atlanta Campaign 244 XVI. Resaca 251 XVII. Pickett's Mill 256 XVIII. Atlanta Campaign to Jonesboeo' 280 XIX. Jonesboeo' 288 XX. Pursuit of Hood CONTENTS. VIII CHAPTEB PAGE XXI. March to the Sea 312 XXII. Fort McAllister 330 XXIII. South Carolina Campaign 336 XXIV. The Burning of Columbia 347 XXV. Campaign in North Carolina 355 XXVI. Homeward 371 XXVII. Lessons of the War 380 XXVIII. General Staff and War School 422

Appendix

. Service in Indian Warfare 429 From the Army Register of 1884 ILtst of Illustrations ano iHaps. PAGE 1. General William B. Hazen Frontispiece 2. Battlefield of Shiloh 27 3. General James Jackson 55 4. General William Nelson 56 5. General Don Carlos Buell 67 6. Colonel Samuel McKee 73 7. Colonel Pred. C. Jones 74 8. Battlefield of Stone River 74 9. Lieutenant-Colonel George T. Cotton 75 10. Colonel Pred. A. Bartleson 76 11. Monument to Hazen's Brigade at Stone River . . 94 12. Plan of Attack on Woodbury 97 13. Battlefield of Chickamauga 121 14. Sketch of Tennessee River and Brown's Perry . . 156 15. Battlefield of Mission Ridge 172 16. Colonel Bassett Langdon 175 17- Colonel Aquila Wiley 176 18. Colonel William W. Berry 177 19. Sketch of Mission Ridge, by Gen. R. L. Gibson . . 205 20. Sketch of Mission Ridge, by Gov.

Isham G. Harris . ILLUSTRATIONS. X PAGE 21. Sketch of Part of Battlefield of Resaca .... 251 22. Major J. B. Hampson 254 23. Sketch of Pickett's Mills . '. 257 24. Captain John Eastman 265 25. Jess 269 26. Colonel James C. Poy 270 27- General Joseph E. Johnston 278 28. General Charles G. Harker 286 29. Sketch of Jonesboro' 292 30. Position of Troops at Jonesboro', 3 p.m., October 1 . 298 31. Captain John H. Groce 322 32. Port McAllister (Land Side) 331 33. Port McAllister (Water Side) 334 34. Captain Francis De Gress 348 35. Field-Works

Chapter I. The Forty-first Ohio

IN February, 1861, 1 gave up the unexpired portion of a long leave of absence granted on account of wounds received in Indian warfare,1 which were yet unhealed, and with my hand in a sling asked for duty, and was assigned as assistant instructor of Infantry Tactics at West Point. When the war began, I did what I could to take the field at once. My first offer of volunteer service was from General J. D. Cox, as inspector-general upon his staff in West Virginia. Leave of absence to accept this position was denied. I lost, in the same way, two field positions in volunteer regiments. I had a three days' leave to engage in some capacity at the battle of Bull Eun, but arrived in time only to be caught in the retreat and carried back with it. It is difficult for one who did not actually face that rush to realize its character.

It was a physical im possibility to stem it; and I can bear full testimony to 1 An account of this episode of my early service, when hard knocks were less plenty than they afterward became, will be found in the Appen dix. the accuracy of Dr. Russell's description, printed in the " London Times." Finally in September, 1861, a committee of gentlemen from Cleveland, Ohio, near my home, visited the President and applied for my services as colonel of the Forty-first Ohio, a regiment about to be organized at Cleveland, with J. A. Garfield as lieutenant-colonel. Mr. Lincoln approved this, and gave the necessary orders. Before I joined, Gar field had been made colonel of the Forty-second Ohio. The action of the Government at this time in placing obstacles in the way of the acceptance by regular officers of volunteer positions has never been satisfactorily explained.

The theory of the Military Academy from its foundation has been to keep alive ready, practical acquaintance with military subjects, to be imparted in emergencies to volunteer armies, the country's only real military defence. Yet quite the opposite was done ; officers were given volunteer duty, only upon the strong appeal of personal friends. Perhaps that most remarkable saying of General Scott, who favored this restriction, that " the regular army must be kept intact to fall back upon, if the volunteers fail," may give the key; but it seems incredible that such an utter want of appreciation of the situation, and of the vital needs of the country, could have existed. There can be hardly a doubt, that if the regular army had ceased to exist as a field organization, and all its officers, non commissioned officers, and good soldiers been scattered among the volunteer armies, its usefulness would have been greatly increased.

The Forty-first Ohio, when I joined it, was recruiting rapidly. It had its inception in Geauga County, under the immediate care and patronage of the Hon. Peter Hitchcock, of Burton, a widely and most honorably known citizen. Three young men, Elias A. Ford (nephew of the late Governor Seabury Ford), Henry W. Johnson, and Lester F. Patchin, were the nucleus. They went from village to village, and from neighborhood to neighborhood, with the old flag flying, to the step of fife and drum, and the first company was soon enrolled, as the result of their good work. Patchin was killed in one of the early battles. Ford was shot at Stone River, but recovered, and is a well known railroad man in Pittsburg. Johnson was my efficient quartermaster in the war. He afterward declined a commission in the regular army, and is now a manu facturer at Michigan City.

I joined my regiment, then about half filled, on the 16th of September ; aud the following orders, published then and soon after, indicate how the work of making soldiers out of citizens was begun. It was by the rigid enforcement and observance of these and of others that will be given, that the regiment was enabled to perform most remarkable service throughout the war, — a service which, so far as my observation enabled me to determine, no regiment, either volunteer or regular, surpassed : — Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't'y, Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 16, 1861. Regimental Orders, No. 1. I. Colonel William B. Hazen, Forty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, hereby assumes command of the camp and regiment. In entering upon the duties of organizing and dis ciplining the regiment, he trusts that every individual of the command fully appreciates the importance of the first principle of the soldier, — obedience to commands.

Without it there can he no efficiency ; and he feels confident that every officer and soldier has determined to carry out this principle cheerfully. II. Cleanliness is next in importance, and captains of com panies are especially charged with attention to this. The colonel will frequently cause inspections to be made of the men, with bare feet and with shirts unbuttoned. III. The hair is to be kept short. This applies to all mem bers of the regiment. Officers are required to appear at all times in uniform, unless on leave of absence for a longer period than three days. V. No member of the regiment will be permitted to leave camp, except on duty, without authority, which in case of enlisted men must be in writing, setting forth the necessity, signed by their company commander, and countersigned by the colonel ; and with officers, verbal authority for time less than twelve hours, when they must register their names at the adjutant's office in a book kept for that purpose, where gone, and time of return.

For longer periods, the Army Regulations will be strictly followed. VI. The attention of the regiment is called to such portions of the Articles of War as will be read to it from day to day on parade, and particularly those portions relating to profanity and drunkenness, the observance of the Sabbath and attendance at divine service; and officers are required to repress all irregu larities. By order of Colonel W. B. Hazen, J. R. Sanford, Adjutant. Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 17, 1861. I. Hereafter the non-commissioned officers will be formed by first sergeants of companies and marched to the adjutant's quarters at calls for recitation and officers' drill. II. The recitation of officers will hereafter be at two p.m., and that of non-commissioned officers will be held by captains of com panies at three p. m. Recitation will be held one hour.

Com missioned officers will assemble at the adjutant's quarters under charge of their captain, who will report to the adjutant. Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 18, 1861. I. Hereafter captains of companies will inspect details for guard, and no one will appear at guard-mounting except in uniform, coats buttoned, and bearing a neat and cleanly appear ance. The adjutant is directed to send to their companies all who fail to appear as prescribed. No one has authority to excuse men from drill except the colonel and surgeon of the regiment. III. Hereafter there will be two beats of the drum at roll-calls, the first to be sounded five minutes before the time for the call, when all the men will repair immediately to their company parade-grounds. At the second call all the men will be in the ranks by the time the drum ceases to beat, when they will be called to attention by their first sergeants.

IV. The field-officers will attend punctually all drills. V. There will be no more noise in camp between taps and reveille. The officer of the guard will frequently patrol camp between these hours and promptly suppress all violations of this order. VI. Hereafter reveille will be sounded at daylight. Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 20, 1861. I. Hereafter, in addition to the drills already established, there will be a squad drill of men by non-commissioned officers between the hours of two and three p. m. II. There will be no drills Saturday afternoon, but the time will be devoted to policing the camp and tents and cleaning the soldiers' clothing. III. For squad drills the battalion will be formed on the general parade-ground, and squads told off and assigned only to such drill-masters as have already received instructions in this camp.

Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 21, 1861. II. Captains will hereafter cause the new men of companies, and awkward men, to take their places on the left of companies, for drill in separate squads. Camp Wood, Ohio, Sept. 25, 1861. II. There will be a drill from three to four p. m. of officers and non-commissioned officers, and squad drill from half-past four to half-past five. Camp Wood, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1861. I. The attention of officers is called to the necessity of cleanli ness and neatness of person and dress. Little in this way can be expected of the men, unless a proper example is set by their officers. II. The adjutant will hereafter attend in person the three stated roll-calls, — reveille, parade, and tattoo, — and will assure himself of the whereabouts of every member of the regiment and report the result to the commanding officer.

V. Hereafter the officer of the day will pass along the line at all drill roll-calls and receive from the commandant of each company the report of present and absent, and will immediately turn out and send to drill all absentees. VI. The field-music, unless employed at practice, will attend all drills with their companies. VII. There will be a drill of officers at the bayonet exercise hereafter between the hours of three and four P. M. Camp Dennison, Ohio, Nov. 11, 1861. I. The officers of the regiment are arranged for instruction for the present as follows : — First Section. — Lieutenant-Colonel Wizeman, squad-marcher ; Major Mygatt ; Lieutenant and Adjutant Sanford ; Lieutenant and Quartermaster Chamberlain ; Captain Tolles ; Lieutenant Munn ; Lieutenant Johnson ; Lieutenant Opdycke ; Lieutenant McCleery ; Captain Wiley ; Lieutenant Kimberly, — - Colonel Hazen, instructor, — will recite daily, Sundays excepted, from one to three p. m. Second Section. — Captain Cole, squad-marcher ; Lieutenant Pancoast ; Lieutenant Hardy ; Lieutenant Proctor ; Captain Stone ; Lieutenant Morgan ; Lieutenant Jones ; Captain Leslie ; Lieutenant Holloway; Lieutenant Kirkendall; Captain Ham blin, — Captain Wiley, instructor, — will recite daily from half past one to half-past two p. m., Sundays excepted.

Third Section. — Captain Pease, squad-marcher ; Lieutenant Sisson; Lieutenant Kyle; Lieutenant McRoberts; Captain Williston ; Lieutenant Rymers ; Lieutenant Beebe ; Captain Goodsell ; Lieutenant Homer ; Lieutenant Gaylord ; Lieutenant Steele, — Lieutenant Kimberly, instructor, — will recite daily, Sundays excepted, from half-past one to half -past two p. m. II. Squad-marchers will be held responsible for the presence of their squads. Instructors will keep a record of the result of each recitation, and no officer should question the instructor as to the mark he may have received. Transfers will be made from one section to another according to proficiency. IV. Squad drills by non-commissioned officers during recita tion are discontinued. There will hereafter be a drill of the whole regiment at bayonet exercise from half-past two to half past three p. m. Camp Jenkins, Dec. 2, 1861.

The first section of non-commissioned officers, composed of the non-commissioned staff and such non-commissioned officers of Companies A and B as have been selected by the colonel upon examination, will commence recitations to-morrow. . . . Camp Wickliffe, Feb. 12, 1862. II. First sergeants will appear in accurate costume when marching their details on guard. Non-commissioned officers of the guard will also appear in proper military dress. First ser geants will enforce the same observance with privates that march on guard. Failure in any of these particulars will jeopardize the position of any non-commissioned officer so offending. . . . These extracts show the rules by which we worked, and their rigid enforcement made the regiment one of the best ever in any service. In addition to school studies, it was directed in courses of military reading, many hundred dollars being expended in the purchase of books for this purpose.

The regiment was fully organized on the 2d of November, and so reported. The mustering officer, Lieutenant Neill of the Eighteenth Infantry, was sent for, the regiment pa raded, and as he read the oath all the members simulta neously repeated it in a distinct voice. This ceremony was at once impressive and inspiring ; and I believe every man in the regiment resolved at that moment, as I know the colonel did, to perform every duty to the best of his ability. The regiment was composed of excellent men from northern Ohio. The Seventh Ohio Infantry, Colonel E. B. Tyler, and Second Ohio Cavalry (known from its patrons as the " Wade and Hutchins Regiment "), Colonel Double day, had drawn to their ranks the largest part of the young men from the schools; but I could not wish for better material than came to the Forty-first.

Individual exceptions must be made ; but most of the officers proved themselves competent, and from the enlisted men excel lent officers soon came to take the places of the ineffi cient. The amount of effort devoted to the study of the military profession, not only at our first camp but in all our camps, until the close of the war, would be considered very unusual in a regular regiment. There was no idle time. Officers' drill (which included non-commissioned officers) was conducted by the colonel ; while drills of the men in squads, companies, and battalion, with policing, recitations, bayonet exercise, and other camp duties, occupied all the day. I never saw such a rapid progress, nor such interest in rudimentary military instruction, as I observed in this organization. Officers not suited to their places, either from want of industry, character, or other causes, soon made their unfit ness evident in many ways ; and when there was no more hope, they either voluntarily resigned or were informed in a kind way that they were not likely to be useful, and quietly went home.

It is remarkable now, in lookino over the first roster, to notice that, as a rule, fitness was found to exist inversely with rank. Thus, of the captains, only four ever went into battle or were suited for the office they held ; and but one, Aquila Wiley, of Wooster, Ohio, arrived at special distinction. Of the first lieutenants, all but the two regimental staff-officers continued in the war with credit, Emerson Opdycke reached distinction, and Holloway became colonel of the regiment. Of the second lieutenants, all made their mark. McCleery gained the brevet of brigadier-general, and afterwards was elected to Congress ; Kimberly became colonel of another regiment, and Beebe lieutenant-colonel. The schools were a prominent feature. Recitations were marked and recorded, and this record became an unerring indication of the future of these officers.

My table of class-standing then, gave the true relative place held at the end of the war by each officer who con tinued in the service. No part of the regiment ever fal tered or failed in the least particular in the performance of every duty assigned it. The thoroughness of its instruction, the accuracy of its drill, its soldierly habit, promptness, and correctness in the performance of duty, steadiness and gallantry under fire, and general efficiency, were at all times marked. It was conspicuous in most of the great battles of the West, — at Shiloh, Murfreesboro', Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, East Tennessee, Rocky-faced Ridge, Resaca, Pickett's Mills, Atlanta, Jones boro', Franklin, and Nashville ; and it lost by the bullet nearly two hundred per cent of its average strength. It was never surprised nor assailed at a disadvantage, nor failed to repay fully any punishment received.

It was as easily manœuvred as a platoon, and its steady volley-firing on the field was heard above the din of battle. If any regiment at any time has had a better record, I do not know it. Long before the war closed, the wisdom of what to many appeared harsh and unnecessary (I mean uncompro mising rigor of discipline and instruction) was so fully justified and admitted as to bring to me that confidence and respect which is a soldier's best reward. Our first field of duty was at Gallipolis, Ohio, where my regiment was sent by boat from Cincinnati just after the burning of Guyandotte, which was attributed to Jenkins, called the " Guerilla." Jenkins's place was situated on the Ohio, and in passing we stopped, believing it our duty, and seized a large lot of supplies, consisting of corn, horses, and hogs.

Mrs. Jenkins, a very accomplished lady, was at home- My duties at Gallipolis necessarily involved service on both sides of the river ; and no one in my camp thought that the south side of the stream was in a separate depart ment, commanded by some other officer, or that any one would object to my taking the troops there. On arriving I reported as follows : — Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't't, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 16, 1861. General S. M. Wade, Volunteer Service, Cincinnati, Ohio I arrived here safely this evening. I find the people here, and for a considerable distance in the interior, very much fright ened, and more so than there is cause for. Ceredo has not been captured, nor have there been any Rebel troops within thirty miles of it for a long time. I stopped there, and found about two hundred effective men in command of Colonel Zeigler.

The people across the river are firmly of the opinion that Floyd has a force over there. I shall move into that region of country soon, and ascertain everything about it. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. Hazen, Colonel Forty-first Ohio Vol's. Jenkins's place happened to be in General Rosecrans' department, who in a day or two, hearing of my landing and seizures at Jenkins's, sent me the following despatch, which led to further correspondence : — By Telegraph from Camp Gaijley, West Virginia, Nov. 21, 1861. To Commander of Ohio Regiment, at Gallipolis, Ohio. Do you consider yourself under orders from this department ? If so, you are ordered up to Red House, on the Kanawha. Joseph Darr, Jr., Major and A. A. Adjutant-General. Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't'y, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 21, 1861.

Act'g- Assist. Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, Camp Gauley, Virginia : I do not consider myself under orders from your headquarters. The regiment was sent here for a special purpose, with an especial promise that it should not go up the Kanawha. W. B. Hazen. Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't'y, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 21, 1861. Assist. Adjutant-General U. S. Army, Cincinnati, Ohio : Sir, — I require to be informed how far it is expected that I seize the property of persons in arms against the United States. I have already taken from the farm of the notorious Jenkins about ten thousand bushels of shelled corn, one hundred and fifty hogs, and ten horses. . . . Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. Hazen. By Telegraph from Headquarters Dep't of Western Virginia, Nov. 23, 1861. Colonel Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry : The commanding general of this department desires me to say, that while he is very glad of your presence at Gallipolis, and has no desire of bringing you under his control, yet when you undertake to operate in his department and participate in the critical matter of capturing property, he desires at least to be consulted ; and you should know that no troops should be marched into a department, either for duty or other reasons for coming in, without the consent of the commander of the department.

Joseph Darr, Jr., Major and A. A. Adjutant-General. Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't'y, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 23, 1861. Act'g- Assist. Adjutant-General, Department of Western Virginia All that I did was contemplated in my verbal instructions. I am confident, however, that they were given without thinking that they were encroaching upon General Rosecrans' department. Such was the case with myself. I have now respectfully to request that Colonel Zeigler's companies be returned to him, and that I, with my regiment and his, be permitted to make an expedition to Logan Court House. W. B. Hazen. By Telegraph from Headquarters Dep't of Western Virginia, Nov. 24, 1861. Colonel Forty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry : Your despatch received. The idea strikes the commanding general favorably. He would prefer to hear the details of your plan for the excursion to Logan Court House, as he is well acquainted with that country, and may be able to so co-operate as to effectually quiet it for some time.

Jenkins, with some of his men, has been reported within three days, at Raleigh. What will you do for transportation 1 Have your troops india-rubber coats and satchel knapsacks'? Please communicate freely and fully. Zeigler's company can be returned. Joseph Darr, Jr., Major and A. A. Adjutant-General. Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol's, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 25, 1861. Act'g- Assist. Adjutant-General West Virginia : I propose landing my regiment and section of artillery at Ceredo at evening, march to Trout's Hill and Wayne Court House before day, where there is one company of Jenkins's men ; then by a forced march reach Logan Court House the second day, and return in two days to Guyandotte via Barbour ville. I will take no train, but four days' rations of hard bread in haversacks, and procure beef in the country.

We have no india-rubber coats nor satchel knapsacks. I can have a few hundred horses sent up from Cincinnati. W. B. Hazen. Headquarters Forty-first Ohio Vol. Inf't'y, Gallipolis, Ohio, Nov. 25, 1861. Act'g-Assist. Adjutant-General, Camp Gauley, Virginia : I have just received orders to remove my command to Louis ville, Kentucky, so the contemplated move to Logan Court House cannot be made. I am not a little surprised at the tenor of your last despatch. Experience on the Indian frontier teaches that these expeditions, such as I propose, without trains, almost inva riably succeed, and are the only ones against irregular mounted men that will succeed. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, W. B. Hazen. We were transferred to Louisville by the splendid steamer " Telegraph No. 2," that had taken us up the river and remained with us.

The Army of the Ohio was then under its third commander, General Buell, and the regiment was assigned to the division of General Wil liam Nelson, which soon started out in the direction of Bowling Green, and went into what was known as Camp Wickliffe, about thirty miles from Louisville, where we remained till the 14th of February, when we moved on to Nashville. Our experience at Camp Wickliffe was perhaps the most dispiriting of the war. All the diseases to which new troops are most subject here afflicted us. Diarrhœa, fevers, measles, and pneumonia attacked a large part of the regiment, and the fatality was very great. Whenever possible I sent the sick at once to their homes, and in so doing, while violating the orders of the camp, I saved many lives ; and now, when I go home, some one almost invariably relates how his life was saved by re moval from Camp Wickliffe in the night, when no one knew it.

Chapter II. The Nineteenth Brigade

ON the 7th of January, 1862, I was assigned to the command of the Nineteenth Brigade of Bueli's Army of the Ohio, consisting of the Forty-first Ohio, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Indiana, and the Sixth Kentucky In fantry. This was a new brigade, organized with reference to my commanding it, and was assigned to Nelson's division. The new regiments were composed of admirable material, but their instruction had been very imperfect. The Forty sixth and Forty-seventh Indiana were commanded respectively by Colonels Slack and Fitch, both men of high character. Fitch had been United States Senator, and Slack was a well-known and highly esteemed gentleman of Indiana. Colonel Whitaker, of the Sixth Kentucky, had been a member of the legislature of his State, and was perhaps as well known as any gentleman in it.

The following orders and extracts are a part of those, the observance of which brought the brigade to a high standard, and enabled it to perform most distinguished and valuable service : — Camp Wickliffe, Kentucky, Jan. 7, 1862. I. The commanding officers of the Forty-sixth and Forty seventh Indiana and the Sixth Kentucky Volunteers will at once take the proper steps to prevent their commands from wandering away from their regimental grounds. They will send their adjutant, or some proper person, to these headquarters, to take copies of all division orders, which will be read in front of the regiments this evening. III. All persons in this brigade are reminded that official communications to higher authority, in order to secure recognition, must pass through the proper military channels. Camp Wickliffe, Kentucky, Jan. 8, 1862.

II. Schools of instruction are hereby established for the three new regiments, and the following assignment of instructors is made. Captain Aquila Wiley to the Forty-sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry ; Captain Emerson Opdycke to the Forty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry ; and Lieutenant James McCleery to the Sixth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry. They will be obeyed and respected in the particular functions herein assigned them, accordingly. They will at once enter upon these duties, and be excused from all others. Commencing with the School of the Soldier, they will exercise in drill all the commissioned line officers from eight to nine a. m. each day, Sundays excepted, as per division orders, and render such other assistance in instructing the regiments as may be in their power. They will form the officers of each regiment into two sections for study and recitation, who will recite one hour each day, Sundays excepted, commencing with the School of the Soldier ("Revised Tactics").