Three Visits to America

Preface

OF THE AMERICAN PUBLISHERS. IN entering into a definite agreement with Miss Faithfull, by which the Fowler & Wells Company are authorized to publish the American edition of her book, three points of importance were consid ered : First, that Miss Faithfull was well known in England and America as a lady of superior practical judgment, who united good business capabilities to excellent mental culture. Second, that she had been engaged for many years in works combining philanthropy and industry for the improvement of the condition of English women. Over twenty years ago an acquaintance was formed with her by the late Mr. Samuel R. Wells while he was visiting London, and when she was absorbed in the multifarious duties of her publishing business, so well known as " The Victoria Press." It was through a letter of introduction given by Mr. Richard Cobden that the acquaintance was made, the letter

PREFACE.

OF THE AMERICAN PUBLISHERS. itself indicating that there were persons of distinc tion who were interested in the mission, for mission it was, of Miss Faithfull among the poor working people of the British metropolis. A word here may not be out of place with regard to the nature of that mission, although the reader will expect to find something about it from the author's own pen. Deeply impressed by the sad condition of tens of thousands of her sisters who, unmarried and poor, were unable to find suitable em ployment, Miss Faithfull established a " Fund for Destitute Gentlewomen," for the purpose of supply ing the means by which young women could be assisted toward procuring employment and support ing themselves. The " Victoria Press " became a part of her plan, and its development into a publication office of considerable extent furnished occupa tion and the facilities for learning a most useful trade to many unmarried women and girls.

Here she demonstrated the fact that the English woman who was destitute and dependent only needed a chance to make her own living in some honorable pursuit ; and the success that attended this benevolent under taking contributed greatly toward loosening the bars of convention that had hitherto confronted the

PREFACE.

OF THE AMERICAN PUBLISHERS. V women who were desirous of earning their subsist ence. The third point is that the book is not the work of an observer who has made a hurried tour through the country, visited the more conspicuous places designated in the common guide-books, and then presumes to write " impressions " of the people and country ; but it is the conscientious opinion of a woman of matured intelligence, who has seen much of human nature, and has visited America three times before taking up her pen to note her inferences from what has been seen and heard. Each time Miss Faithfull came here, she came with an earnest pur pose to study our society, our women, our industries, that she might learn something of use in her special work. She was each time among us more in the character of the learner than the critic, and it will be seen that her statements from beginning to end are entirely free from any tincture of pedantry or ego tism.

She speaks candidly, frankly, awarding cordial approval wherever she has found matters to her lik ing, and expressing as decided dissent or reproof, yet always in kindly terms, regarding matters that she deems it expedient to censure. In the outset of their negotiations with Miss VI

PREFACE.

OF THE AMERICAN PUBLISHERS. Faithfull, which were made before the volume was prepared, the publishers believed that Miss Faithfull had things to say to the American people that would serve a highly valuable purpose — be welcome and helpful to women in the industrial callings and out of them, and instructive to society at large, and that in making a liberal pecuniary advance to the author for the privilege of publishing the American editions they were warranted by the expectation of meeting a wide demand that should arise with the announce ment of the book from their press. New York, Oct. 10, 1884.

PREFACE.

. In compliance with the wishes of many kind friends on both sides of the Atlantic, I have collected in this form various articles, contributed during my Amer ican tours, to the Victoria Magazine, Lady's Pictorial, Pall Mall Gazette, and other English and American newspapers; and I have taken the opportunity of adding many fresh records not hitherto published. I do not pretend to offer any new information about a country respecting which so much has been already written by abl^r pens than mine, but this addition to the international literature of the day may still per haps prove acceptable, as " the point of view " taken differs from that of the ordinary traveller. Throughout my three visits I had one object spec ially before me, namely, to supplement the experience gained during twenty years of practical work in Eng land, in regard to the changed position of women in the nineteenth century, by ascertaining how America is trying to solve the most delicate and difficult prob lem presented by modern civilization. In the hope that the information thus obtained may prove useful, I venture to offer this volume to the English and

PREFACE.

. American public, and I sincerely trust that no com ments in these pages, upon political matters or social customs, will prove offensive to a country which ex. tended to me such generous hospitality, and for which I entertain a profound and affectionate respect. Emily Faithfull. 19 Learmonth Terrace, Edinburgh, October 1, 1884. M CONTENTS.

Chapter I. Page

First Arrival in America — Welcome at Mrs. Laura Curtis Bullard's — A Presidential Campaign — Personal recollections of Horace Greeley — General politics — Disinclination of the best people to take part in them— Cincinnati riots in 1884, .... I

Chapter II

Reception at Steinway Hall — The Sorosis Club — Mrs. Croly — Miss Mary L. Booth — Louise Chandler Moulton — Clergywomen — Dr. Mary Putnam -Jacobi — Harper's printing-office — Riverside Press at Cambridge, Mass. — Women printers and the Victoria Press — Queen Victoria's views on women's spheres — Mr. Gladstone on monopolies — Messrs. Young, Ladd & Coffin's manufactory of Lundborg's perfumes — Mrs. Stanton and Susan B. Anthony — Hon. Gerrit Smith at Peterboro — Winter travelling in America — Mrs. Parke Godwin and an Art reception, .

Chapter III

The President at the White House — Washington etiquette — Caste in America — Women Lobbyists — Women employed in the Civil Service — Verdict of General Spinner on the female clerks — Lady John Manners and the English notion of their social position — Draughtswomen in English Engineer offices — Conversation with Senator Sumner on Republicanism and English loyalty to Queen Victoria — Grace Greenwood, 33 CONTENTS. X PAGE

Chapter IV

Railroads, drawing-room cars, sleepers, and hotel cars- Cookery in restaurants, hotels, and private houses — Chicago— Mrs. Kate Doggett, Mrs. Fernando Jones, General Osborne— The Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee — American affection for England, ... 48

Chapter V

A visit to the University of Michigan— President Angel — Andrew White of Cornell — Professor Coit Tyler — Kansas State University — Chancellor Lippincott — Discussion about co-education — Columbia College — Rev. Dr. Dix and Professor Drisler — Consequences of higher education on health — Views of Frances Power Cobbe, George MacDonstld, Mrs. Joseph Choate, President Barnard — Rise and progress of the movement in England — Miss Dawes, the first Master of Arts in the London University — Mrs. Lucy Mitchell 59

Chapter VI

Vassar College — Professor Maria Mitchell — President Caldwell — Life of the students — Effect of study upon health — Improvements in the direction of outdoor amusements between visits in 1873 and 1883 — Riding, lawn-tennis, and boating — Wellesley College and its fire-brigade manned by girls — Mills' Seminary, the Vassar of the Pacific Coast — Miss Haskell at Godfrey — Payment of female teachers in public schools — English Governesses — Colonel Higginson on the gross injustice of the inequalities existing between the salaries of men and women teachers in the United States — Kate Field on the difficulties surrounding journalism — Anna Dickinson — The growing taste for plays versus lectures, ... CONTENTS. XI

Chapter VII. Fagh

The Quaker City — Changes in society — School of Young Lady Potters — New Century Club — The Mint, and women employed in it — Theatres and English artists — Silk culture — Mr. George W. Childs, the Ledger, and his work-people— Wootton — Original manuscripts and autographs — Walt Whitman : his views on New York, Boston, Washington, and the West — Mrs. Hannah Smith and the Temperance Union — Coffee-houses, 87

Chapter VIII

Boston : its east wind, culture, and English look — False accusation of " decadence," but gaps in the aristocracy of letters between first and second visits — Longfellow, James Fields, Professor Agassiz — Asthma and its remedies — John Greenleaf Whittier — Oliver Wendell Holmes — Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and the New England Club — Victoria Discussion Society — Evacuation Day in New York and Forefathers' Day in Boston — Rev. Edward Everett Hale — Visit to the Boston University with the Dean and Mrs. Talbot — Miss Peabody and the Kindergarten — The Papyrus Club — Dr. Harriet Hunt — The Bible and the Woman question 102

Chapter IX

English and American receptions contrasted — St. Louis — Absence of gentlemen at afternoon receptions — Innovation at St. Louis — Mrs. Bigelow's " At home " — Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson of Chicago — Illinois women — Judge Bradwell and his lawyer wife — Dr. and Mrs. Hoggan of London — Incident during a railway journey — Charlotte Cushman on and off the stage — Compared as a reader with Fanny Kemble —Mr. Sothern and Miss Cushman at a steamer ban- CONTENTS. XII PAGE 158 quet — The ruse to avoid speech-making — The model town of Pullman — Caboose travelling in Wisconsin and Minnesota — Cincinnati during the flood of 1S83 — Governor Noyes — Murat Halstead and Mr. Probasco, i ! 5

Chapter X

New Year's Day [1884] in Colorado— The Rocky Mountains — Denver — Mrs. Olive Wright — Greeley — Ralph Meeker — Dynamite Agitators — Colorado Springs — General Palmer's enterprise — Dr. Solly — President Tenny's picnic in January — Journey over the Rocky Mountains, through the Grand Canyon of the Arkansas — Salida — Marshall Pass — Gunnison — Across the desert to Salt Lake City, . . .133

Chapter XI

Brigham Young and the " true inwardness of Mormonism " — Inducements to converts to emigrate to the "promised land" — Polygamy kept out of sight — Zion's poet-laureate, Eliza Snow — Mrs. Emmeline Wells, etc. — Mormon women and wives — The effects of polygamy — Sermons in the Tabernacle and Sunday evening ward meetings — Brigham Young and others on the " women's discontent " — Exclusion of unmarried women from the kingdom of heaven — Introduction of second wives — The effect of any lengthened visit to Salt Lake City — War between Mormons and Gentiles — Endowment House, with its religious dramas, baptisms, and sealings, .

Chapter XII

The President's Secretary, Mr. George Reynolds Mr. G. O. Cannon — A religious argument after the President's luncheon — The ox-team wagon journey across the plains — Mormon amusements, theatres and dances— The effect of stage-plays on the plural wives — Captain Boyd on the Latter-Day Saints— The Mor- CONTENTS. XIII PAGE 211 mon Bible — The Doctrines and Covenants — "Joseph the Seer's " revelations from the Lord to his wife Emma — The women's right to the franchise and their deprivation of dower — Accusations against the Gentiles — Mormon criminal statistics — The Salt Lake Tribune on " Gulled English travellers " — Celestial marriages and divorces — General Murray — Mrs. Paddick — The duty of Congress, . . .188

Chapter XIII

American hotel despotism : Hours for meals — The journey across the desert from Ogden — The disappearance of the Indians and buffaloes from the railroad tracts — The flight of antelopes— The Sierra-Nevada mountains — San Francisco — Palace Hotel — Bell-boys and hotel servants generally — China-town in its New-Year garb — Cable-cars — Drives to the Cliff House through the Park and to the Presidio — Wooden houses — Fires and the Fire Brigade — Dr. Hardy's Foundling Hospital on Golden Gate Avenue,

Chapter XIV

Strange contrasts afforded — Drinking and total abstinence — Divorces — Fast sets and earnest reform workers — Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper — Free Kindergartens — Mr. Tabor's Art Gallery — Lotta Crabtree's fountain — The Baldwin Hotel — Mr. Highton — Silk culture — Efforts of Mrs. Hittell and the State Board — Prizes won at the Philadelphia Exhibition by Californian ladies for the best silk cocoons raised in the United States — Commercial opportunities of San Francisco — The Immigration Association — Chinese labor question, 228

Chapter XV

Strawberries in February ; roses and geraniums growing in the open air — New Orleans and Colorado and California contrasted — Oakland and the Ebell Society CONTENTS. PAGE 278 —Fresno — An exciting drive through the colonies — Miss Austin's vineyard— Mr. Miller of the Fresno Republican— -Mr. A. B. Butler— Raisin-making— The Eisen vineyard — Sampling California wines — Fam ily Emigration and the kind of people wanted — Bee culture — An ostrich ranche, 247

Chapter XVI

The orange groves at Los Angeles — The unprecedented rainfall of 1884 — Riverside — Pasedena — Mrs. Jennie Carr — Practical work for women in California — Mrs. Strong's cotton ranche — Mrs. Rogers's 40,000 herd of cattle in Texas — Domestic servants — Emigration — Mrs. E. L. Blanchard — Openings in Australia and New Zealand — The Geysers and Mineral Springs — Southern Pacific Railroad — Glimpses of Arizona and New Mexico — Kansas — Cattle ranches in Wyoming, 260

Chapter XVII

Divorce — Journalistic announcements, advertisements, and paragraphs — Two strange divorces followed by remarriages — Divorces traced by the American press to the increase of mercenary marriages — Dr. Dwinell's statistics — Chief-Justice Noah Davis at the Nineteenth Century Club Meeting on divorce — Mr. Charles Stuart Welles — The Rev. Robert Collyer — The moral effect of the Divorce Court in England,

Chapter XVIII

Occupations open to women in 1840, when Harriet Martineau visited America, contrasted with those of to-day — The servant question — The change effected in woman's position by the introduction of machinery — English prejudice and social status notions — Home employments — Ladies' Work Societies and the Woman's Exchange — Artistic developments in both countries — Mrs. M'Clelland's mirror painting — Mrs. Fleet's illuminations — New York technical CONTENTS. XV PAGE 292 3'7 schools and Cooper Institute — Boston art schools — Mrs. Cameron's photographs — China painting — Wood engraving, designs for manufacturers, and wall papers — Lustre painting — Mr. Denny's women tracers in the Dumbarton ship-yard — Architects — The higher branches of Art — Mrs. Nimmo Morant as an etcher — American and English actresses — Dramatic reciters — Mrs. Livermore — The Hon. Mrs. Maberley s dairy — Ladies in business,

Chapter XIX

A woman switchman — Laundry work — A steamboat captain — Mrs. Maxwell of Colorado — Inconsistencies — Book agents — Stock-brokers — Copyists — Librarians — Incomes earned by shorthand writers — Employment afforded by the type-writer, the telegraph, and the telephone — The manicure — American disapproval of the employment of women as barmaids — The force of habit — Objections raised at first against women hair-dressers — Factory life — American and English operatives contrasted — Miss Jennie Collins of Boston — Various industries — Tobacco factories— Ladies on school boards and as poor-law guardians— The condign of the needle-women in New York — The late Leonard Montefiore — Hamilton & Co.'s co-operative shirt-making — Watch-making in the United States — A visit to the National Elgin Watch Factory — Waltham factory,

Chapter XX

The American girl— Oscar Wilde's definition— A group at St. Louis — Girl graduates— Other types— The liberty accorded to girls— A collegiate 's affronted dignity at the suggestion of a chaperon — English and French restrictions — America the paradise of married women — The deference paid by gentlemen to ladies — A report of a women's meeting excites a " Tit for Tat " policy in a lady reporter— Changed spirit of the press — A skit on a woman's rights leet- CONTENTS. XVI PAGE 336 373 389 ure contrasted with the dignified utterances of Mrs. Howe, Mrs. Stanton, and Mrs. Livermore— Grace Greenwood on " sufferance "—The Queen as a politician, and a wife and mother— Mr. Woodall's Bill,

Chapter XXI

Anthony Trollope on English, American, and Australian newspapers— Special features of American journalism — Its wonderful enterprise— The interviewer- Mrs. Langtrj— Herbert Spencer— Ladies employed on the press — Impersonal versus personal journalism — Mr. Pulitzer's views in the Pall Mall Gazette — English and American practices contrasted — Anglo-phobia and Anglo-mania — The future prospect — Thurlow Weed — Albany — Mrs. Barnes, . . -355

Chapter XXII

The traveller's appreciation of New York after journeys to the interior — Religious denominations — The growth of Episcopalianism — Church music and the gradual introduction of boy choirs — French cooks — Joaquin Miller — Peter Cooper — Hotels — Cabs and carriage hire — Tiffany's — Gorham silver factory — Brentano's — The American and Colonial Exchange — Custom-house officials and the female searcher — The dress question — The theatres, artists, and dramatists,

Chapter XXIII

Canada — Sleighing — Miss Rye's and Miss Macpherson's homes for English waifs and strays — Occupations for women — Report of the Montreal Protective Immigration Society — Educated women versus fine ladies wanted in all our colonies — Agricultural prospects — The Marquis of Lome on the Canadian climate — — Lady Gordon-Cathcart's settlement at Wapella — — A day at Niagara Falls — American homes — Dr. Charles Phelps — Departure from America,

Chapter I

First arrival in America — Welcome at Mrs. Laura Curtis Bullard's — A Presidential campaign — Personal recollections of Horace Greeley — General politics — Disinclination of the best people to take part in them — Cincinnati riots in 1884. " The distance between New York and London is much shorter than between London and New York," is a common saying, which being interpreted means, that while English people find a voyage to the United States a great undertaking, not to be entertained save for business purposes, Americans are ready to start off on the smallest possible excuse at a day's notice, and a " trip to Europe " invariably figures among the possibilities of the yearly list of summer plans. " I have crossed the Atlantic twenty-seven times," said a charming Southern lady the other day, just as I was thinking that my six voyages and varied experiences on Cunard, Inman, and White Star steamers entitled me to consider myself as "quite an old traveller!"

When I first went to America, twelve years ago, English visitors were indeed few and far between. Mrs. Trollope, Frederika Bremer, Harriet Martineau, Thackeray, Charles Dickens, and others, had travelled through the States, and published their personal impressions, but no prophet of Art had crossed the Atlantic to preach the gospel of the beautiful ; no theatrical company with complete scenery and properties had invaded the American stage, though solitary " stars " had occasionally ventured over to win the suffrages of dramatic audiences, and even English lecturers had only stormed " Lyceum plat forms" in single file; but that very season (1872-73) witnessed the ddbut of Mr. Tyndall, Mr. Froude, Pro fessor Huxley, Edmund Yates, George MacDonald, and several other Britons more or less distinguished.

Ever since then the cry has been, " Still they come." In fact the influx of English travellers, artists, actors, lecturers, etc., has gone on increasing every year to such an extent that a" New York editor last October kindly expressed the fear "that London must be feeling quite lonely," * while another observed in reference to the report that the Baroness Burdett Coutts intended to visit America, " Thank fortune, she will spend her own money, as she will not be obliged to act, sing, lecture, or accept hospitable free lunches for support while she is here ! " *" London must be beginning to feel lonely! There are at present in the United States England's Chief Justice, Lord Coleridge ; Monsigneur Capel, one of her most famous divines ; Mr. Irving, her greatest tragedian ; Mr. Arnold, her greatest critic and essayist, and a very respectable poet ; Mrs. Langtry, the distinguished beauty, ancl Miss Emily Faithfull, the philan thropic worker in the field of woman's advancement.

In ad dition to these we have a large number of poor but illustrious lords, who are anxious to draw closer the ties that unite the two countries by marrying American heiresses, together with specu lators and capitalists innumerable, who are investing in mines, cattle ranches, railroads, and generously helping Mr. Villard to boom Oregon and Northern Pacific stock. New York is, in fact, becoming a fashionable London resort." NEW YORK BAY. 3 I first reached New York in the autumn of 1872, in the early glory of the season known there as the In dian summer. I was suffering so much from asthma, that I could scarcely appreciate the scene as we steamed slowly up the lovely bay — the clear atmosphere, and the blue water speckled over with white sails. Lowell has sung of the rare beauty of a day in June, when 'Tis as easy for the heart to be true As for grass to be green or skies to be blue- 'Tis the natural way of living"; but I learned to revel in those exquisite autumn days, and the magnificent aspect of the woods, on which the very rainbows seemed to have cast their mantle, together with every brilliant hue ever seen in bird or flower.

And how glad I was to find myself once more upon the solid land ! A life on the ocean wave, A home on the rolling deep," may be a very pleasant song on terra firma, but few landsmen are in a condition to appreciate it after leaving the Mersey. Happily for mankind, a sea voy age does not of necessity involve such a painful ex perience to every one ; on me it brings the miseries of asthma, as well as sea-sickness. I suffered from a mental irritation I can not easily describe, as one poetical fiction after another flitted through my tortured brain, the part most affected, according to Sir James Alderson's theory, by the motion of the sea. For instance, imagine the contrast suggested by the cruel, relentless buffetings experienced through out a voyage from Liverpool to New York, in which the equinoctial gales played their strongest part, con stantly upsetting everything in the state-room, and once nearly throwing me out of my berth, and that line recalling the motherly tenderness enjoyed during childhood — " Rocked in the cradle ofthe deep."

I felt much more in sympathy with an extraordinary sonnet to the sea which was published in one of the leading New York papers a few mornings after my arrival, commencing " Prodigious dampness." When I first landed, as a stranger, with but few per sonal friends in the whole country, I had eveiy confidence in the kind reception promised me, but my anticipations fell far short of the reality. I found myself the recipient of a generous and never-to-be-for gotten hospitality ; and I gladly embrace this oppor tunity of recording my heartfelt gratitude for the universal kindness lavished on me in every city I visited throughout my three tours, bringing me into direct social communion with the leading men and women in America. On leaving the steamer I at once exchanged the few square yards sarcastically described as "a state room," for Mrs. Bullard's beautiful home in East 39th Street.

This was made my " headquarters " — my American home, in every sense of the; word. Not only was every personal kindness showered on me by the whole family, but as Mrs. Bullard's father kept " open house," I was introduced into New York so ciety in the pleasantest fashion ; not at stiff crowded LAURA CURTIS BULLARD. 5 receptions, but at genial family dinners, where the radiators and reflectors were in full force, and absorb ents conspicuous by their absence. The house was the constant resort of some of the brightest and ablest American financiers, editors, poets, and artists from all parts of the country. To any one who associated the idea of a literary woman with the picture drawn of " the strong-minded blue-stocking" of olden days, with her outre manners, masculine ways, and total absence of all feminine grace, Mrs. Bullard must indeed have been a revelation.

Al ways dressed in exquisite taste, with a remarkably handsome face, expressive eyes, and that nameless charm which belongs to the refined and cultivated lady. Mrs. Bullard impressed you as much with a sense of her brilliant social qualities as her intellectual gifts, The correspondent of several foreign magazines, busy in philanthropic enterprises, and one of the most brilliant conversationalists I ever met, she naturally attracted around her not only those interested in social and educational reforms, but the best elements in liter ary and artistic circles. Her " evenings at home " reminded me of the pleasantest gatherings I ever at tended at certain noted houses in London and Paris, where politicians and foreign diplomatists, men of science, poets, and wits, were skilfully commingled. On board the Oceanic I had encountered one of the strangest individuals I have yet met in full possession of his liberty.

Attired in a heavy sealskin coat, George Francis Train introduced himself to me by ex claiming, as he struck his heart with his hand, " Madam, you have seen a Republican and a Democrat, but in me behold an American citizen." He then presented me with a photograph of himself, beneath which was printed, after his name, " Future President of the United States," and proceeded to inform me that directly he was installed in the White House, he should demand a large sum of money from the English Gov ernment as compensation for unjust imprisonment. Failing to receive a cable by return acceding to his claim, it was his indention to hang the English minister to a lamp-post at Washington ! In the interests of my good friend Sir Edward Thornton, it was some relief to ascertain that Mr. Train's ambitious pretensions received no support from his countrymen; the Presidential struggle was between poor Horace Greeley and General Grant, and at Mrs. Bullard's house I frequently met the former.

Eccentric benevolence was the first impression made by a personal appearance which reminded you irre sistibly of Dickens's Pickwick. His head was the large strong head of a self-made man, but his temperament was as impulsive as his intellect was keen. Like the English king who was accused "of never saying a foolish thing, and never doing a wise one," it was said by many that Mr. Greeley "always advised well, but invariably acted foolishly." He preached hard economy, but gave away his money freely to any one who asked him for it. There was something about him which told at once of the inward strife between the intellectual and emotional, while a quaint, fascinating humor ran through all his remarks on the political contest in which he was playing so conspicuous a part. He spoke with unreserved bitterness on the corruption revealed during the strife, and appeared to have lost hope, not only of his own success, but of raising the general political tone of the country.

HORACE GREELEY. 7 The Grant and Greeley contest was said to be one of the bitterest on record, and I heard more than one American express his readiness to accept " the con ditions of a throne whose occupant consents to be an antiquarian symbol," rather than the long train of evils which follow in the wake of a Presidential election. The fame of hundreds of men seems the cost paid for taking an active part in it. Scandals are un sparingly raked up, characters are blackened to the everlasting distress of the victim and his family, and bribery and corruption are rampant. Finally, the country for four years bows to the sway of a man ac cused by a large portion of it of being guilty of every possible offence against law and morality. Even Lincoln had a hard time of it till his tragical death made his name as sacred as the heroes of old.

" Speak good of the dead," says the heathen maxim, but the Christians of the nineteenth century seem inclined to speak well of the dead only. While people live their defects are magnified and their actions misjudged. If induced to hold out the olive branch of forgiveness to any one who has offended, it is too often in the spirit described by the American preacher as " that ugly kind of hedgehog forgiveness shot out like quills." People set down the erring one before the blow-pipe of their indignation, scorch him and burn his fault into him, and when they have kneaded him sufficiently with their fiery fists, then they forgive him !■ Our forgiveness is too often conditional, like the sick negro's, who promised if he died to forgive his enemy, adding quickly, "But if I gets well that darkie must take care !"

Mr. Greeley committed the unpardonable offence in the eyes of the Woman's Suffrage supporters of op posing their movement ; they accordingly forgot his earnest advocacy of the industrial interests of the sex, that he was the first to open New York journalism to women by the employment of Margaret Fuller on the New York Tribune. Bitter were the reproaches heap ed on his devoted head for " his persistent and scornful mockery of woman's efforts to rise from the helpless ness in which she was morassed, and the false etiquette by which she was befogged " — to quote one of the singular indictments I noted at the time. The last evening I saw Mr. Greeley, the contest was over, but the effects were lasting ; family affliction, too, had overtaken him, and all the fibres of his great nature were spent and quivering.