The Pictorial History of England (to the death of George III) ... By G. L. Craik and Charles MacFarlane, assisted by other contributors [Edited by G. L. Craik.] (Standard edition.)

Front matter

STANDARD EDITION. THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND: BEING A HISTOEY OF THE PEOPLE, AS WELL AS A HISTOEY OF THE KINGDOM. ILLUSTRATED WITH MANY HUNDRED WOOD-CUTS; AND ONE HUNDRED AND FOUR ILLUSTRATIVE PORTRAITS, ENGRAVED ON STEEL. BY GEORGE L. CRAIK AND CHARLES MAC FARLANE, ASSISTED BY OTHER CONTRIBUTORS. IN EIGHT VOLUMES. VOLUME V, BEING THE FIRST VOLUME OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE III. LONDON: CHAELES KNIGHT, 90, FLEET STEEET. 1849. \ THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURINs. THS REIGN OF GEORGE THE THIRD : B.INO A HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE, AB Wit I. AS A HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM. B» G. 1. CRAIK »>» C. MAC FARLANE ILLUSTBAT£D WITH I Sebrral &un&rrli ffliLlooftnits A Vol. I. CONTENTS.

Book I

The Period from the Accession of George III. to the Close of the American War, a.d. 1760—1784. Fsge Chap. I. — Narrative of Civil and Military Transactions ...... 2 Chap. II.— History of Religion 510 Chap. 111. — History of the Constitution, Government, and Laws .... 528 Chap. IV. — History of the National Industry 547 Chap. V. — History of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts ..... 604 Chap. VI. — History of Manners and Customs 638 Chap. VII. — History of the Condition of the People . . * , , LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page I Ornamental Title-page. 2 Ornamental Bolder , 3 Great Seal of George III., the Purse, aud Chancellor's Mace ••• 2 4 Initial Letter 3 5 Garden front of Old Kcw Palace. From a print by Woollett 3 6 John Earl of Bute. From a painting by Ramsay . . 4 7 George Bubb Dodington 4 8 George III. atthe period of his Accession.

From an anonymous print 6 9 Queen Charlotte at the time of her Marriage. From a print by Worlidge. .6 10 John Marquess of Granby. From a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds 7 11 Prince Ferdinand and Prussian Troops. From au original drawing by J. Franklin 8 12 Action off Belleisle. From an original drawing by W. Huggins .......... 9 13 Roseau, Island of Dominica. From a print after a drawing by Lieut. Campbell, an officer who served in the expedition 10 14 William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham 12 15 Coronation of George III. — The Enthronization and doing Homage. From a drawing by J. Franklin, from priuts. See. Additional MSS., British Museum, 6307 . . 13 16 Havanna. — Forts Moro and Puntal. From an anonymous print • .... 15 17 Storming of Havanna. From an original drawing by W. Huggins 15 18 Capture of a Spanish Treasure-ship.

From an original drawing by W. Huggins ...... 17 19 Fort Royal, Martinique. From an anonymous print . 18 20 Spanish Troops surrendering to Brigadier Burgoyne. From an original drawing by J. Franklin . . . .19 21 Thomas Holies, Duke of Newcastle. From a painting by Hoare 20 22 Frederick the Great. From a portrait by Cunningham . 21 23 George Grenville. From a painting by William Hoare . 23 24 John Wilkes. From a medal in the private collection of C. Hawkins, Esq. British Museum ..... 27 25 John Earl of Sandwich. From a painting by Gainsboroeigh 29 26 Charles Marquess of Rockingham. From a painting by B.Wilson ......... 40 27 Boston. From un original drawing 42 28 Augustus Henry Duke of Grafton. From a portrait by Battoni ........ ..46 29 Charles Pratt, Lord Camden. From a painting by J . Reynolds .....51 30 Alderman Beckford.

From Carlini's design for his monument, engraved by Bartolozzi 55 31 Lord North. From an engraving by Bartolozzi . . 59 32 Reverse of a medal struck in honour of Wilkes by his party 65 33 Faneuil Hall, Boston. From an original drawing , . 76 34 Irish Whiteboys ........ 79 35 General Conway. From an engraved portrait by James Heath 83 36 Holwood House, Hayes, Kent, the seat of Lord Chatham . From a drawing by the Rev. RobertNixon, 1795 . . 85 37 Colonel Bane. From a painting by C. G. Stuart, 1795 . 89 38 Burke. From a painting by G. Romney .... 94 39 Lord Mansfield. From a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds 106 | Page 40 Mansion House, London. From a print by Bowles . .114 41 Cronborg Castle io9 42 Poniatowski (or Stanislaus Augustus), King of Poland. From an anonymous French print 139 43 Turkish Soldiers of different Corps ; Janissaries and their Officers.

Selected from D'Ohsson's " L'Empire Othoman" .... 140 44 Franklin. From a picture by Martinet . . , .154 4b House of Lords, 1774, From a print of the period . , 164 46 Thomas Townshend, jun. From an anonymous portrait engraved by Harding m j^ 47 Lord Dartmouth. From a portrait by Ships ter . . .172 48 Patrick Henry. From a portrait by J. S. Fleming, of Virginia 188 49 John Adams. From an anonymous American portrait . 183 50 Port of Boston, &c 154 51 Plan of Boston jgg 52 Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia. From a vignette to an old map of that city . . • . . , .187 53 John Hancock. From a picture in Faneuil Hall, Boston, by J. S. Copley 189 54 Rhode Island, Long Island, New York, &c. . . . 190 55 Medal struck in honour of Lord North. From the private collection of Mr. Hawkins. British Museum . . gol 5(3 American Militia and Minute-men at Lexington.

From an original drawing by Jarvis 2 12 57 General Putnam. From a sketch by Colonel J. Trumbull . 213 58 Bunker's Hill. From an anonymous print, dated 1790 . 216 59 General Clinton. From a picture by J. Smart ... 217 60 Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga. From an original drawing . 218 61 Place d'Arme3, Montreal. From a print by Lambert 219 62 The River St. Lawrence and the Great North American Lakes 221 63 Quebec. From an original drawing ..... 222 64 Philadelphia. From an American print .... 226 65 New York from the Sea. From an original drawing . . 228 66 Washington. From au early print by Trum bull . . 231 67 Specimens of American Paper Dollars. From Captain Anburey's *' Narrative of the American "War," 1789 . 255 68 General Carleton. From a London print, dated 1782 . 256 69 St. John's, on the Sorel.

From a drawing by Captain Anburey, who served at its capture in 1776 • . . 259 70 Medal struck by order of the American Congress to commemorate the evacuation of Boston by tha British Troops. Drawn from a specimen in the collection of Mr. Hawkins. British Museum 261 71 Sir Peter Parker. From a painting by Valentine Green . 263 72 Thomas Jefferson. From a painting by G. Stuart . . 266 73 Fac-similes of the Signatures of the Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776 2G8 74 New York from Long Island. From an original drawing 271 75 Lord Cornwallis. From a portrait by Hamilton . . 278 76 Arnold. From a French portrait in " Complot d'Arn old" 279 77 Lord Shelburne. From a portrait published in London, 1780 284 78 La Fayette. From an anonymous portrait published in London, 1792 302 79 Group of Crow, Sioux, and Pawnee Indians, in the costume of their tribes, reclining in front of a Crow Wigwam.

From an original drawing by George Catlin, the North American traveller . • . • • • • LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 80 Burgoyne'e Attack on the American Bateaux From a design by Jarvis 309 81 Saratoga Lake. From an original drawing . . . 310 82 West Bank of the Hud.son River, with the Encampment of General Burgoyue's Army, Sept. 20, 1777. From a print published in London, 1789 312 83 Burgoyne's Retreat on the Hudson River. From an original drawing. . 313 84 Lord Temple. From a painting by William Hoare . . 323 85 Lord George Germaine. From a painting by Romney . 326 | 86 Silas Deane. From a picture by Du Simetiere . . . 33& 87 Chatham's Monument, Westminster Abbey . . . 343 88 Admiral Keppel. From a painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds 347 89 Albany. From au original drawing .... 352 90 Newport, Rhode Island.

From a drawing by Fage, 1778 . 362 91 Savannah.— 1771. From a drawing by P. Gordon . . 364 92 Vale of Wyoming. From an original drawing . . . 367 93 St. Lucie. From a drawing by D. Serres .... 369 94 Elizabeth Castle, Jersey. From a print of 1780 . . 386 95 Major-General Lincoln. From a p-iintiug by Colonel- Sargent, in the collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society 1 .387 96 Brigadier- General Wayne- From a painting bj J. Kerritig . 390 97 Charlestown. From a painting by Thomas Leilch, 1774 . 391 98 Mohawk Indians and their Canoes. From a drawing by Mrs. Simcoe 393 99 Paul Jones. FrOm a French print 397 100 The Great London Riots. From u picture by Wheutley . 415 101 Lord Rawdon. From a picture by Shee .... 427 102 Major Andre. From a picture painted by himself , . 432 103 York Town.

From a drawing by Mrs Simcoe , . . 4C1 104 The Bay and Straits of Gibraltar 471 . 105 Rock of Gibraltar. From an original drawing , , . 491 106 Initial Letter - . , 510 107 Archbishop Wake- From a print by Vander Gueht . . 5 IS 108 Archdeacon Blackburne. From a painting by G. Cuit . 514 109 Pope Clement XIV. (Ganganelli). From a print by TrotU-r 522 110 Countess of Huntingdon. From 'i painting by R. Bowcn . 526 111 Count Zinzendorff. From a Gorman print ... 526 112 Medal of Lord Chancellor Bathurst. From an unpublished medal in Mr. Hawkins's private collection . , . 528 1 13 Initial Letter 598 114 Lord Mansfield. From an unpublished medal in Mr. Hawkins's private collection ...... 535 115 Initial Letter ••••..«.. 647 ' Page 116 Aqueduct over the Irwell. From an anonymous print . 577 117 Entrance to the Tunnel at Worsley.

From a print in Young's «* Tour" 578 118 Brindley. From an anonymous portrait .... 578 119 Smeatou. From a picture ascribed to Mortimer . . 579 120 Matthew Boulton. From a .ortrait by Sir W. Beechey . 580 121 Iron Bridge, Colebrook D e 586 122 Boulton aud Watt's Wr4ks at Soho. From a view by Walker, 1798 588 123 Josiah Wedgwood. From a portrait by George Stubbs . 51)1 124 Sir Richard Arkwrtght. From a portrait by J. Wright, R.A. 595 125 Samuel Crompton. From a portrait by Alliughani . . b'J'i 126 John Harrison 602 127 Initial Letter 604 128 Garrick. From a portrait by Sir J. Reynolds . . .609 129 Sheridan. From a portrait by Sir J. Reynolds . . .610 130 Dr- Cony era Middletou ....... 611 131 Johnson- From a portrait by Sir J. Reyuo.ds . . ,616 132 Hume. From a portrait by Allan Ramsay .... 619 133 Robertson.

From au auouymous portrait . . . . 621 134 Gibbon. From a portrait by Sir J. Reynold* , • . . 621 135 Adam Smith. From a medallion by Tassie . 623 136 Sir Joshua Reynolds. From a picture by himself . , 625 137 Medal-struck to commemorate the founding of the Kt.yal • Academy . .-.-.. • . . „ 625 138 Ba-rry. From a portrait by himself * • . ,ffi 627 139 Roubiliac From a portrait -by AdrienCarpantier .* , 631 HO Sir William Chambers. From a portrait by Sir J. Reynolds 631 Ml Initial Letter . , . . . . . . 638 1 42 Horace Walpole. From a portrait by Sir J. Reynolds . . 640 143 A Festino. From a print by J. Bickham ., 643 144 A Ball. From the Frontispiece to Thompson's Country- Dances. -1778 644 145 Costume. From a print by J. Bickham. 1762 . . . 675 146 - „■ AMaccaronia From a print publishcdnjyi3o"wl«s-^ 1773 . 676 147 ,, From a print dated 1777 ..... 676 148 - ,,- .Walking Dress.

From a. print of Danelagh, 1764 . . . . « . . . . , 6'i7 119 ,, From the print of the Duke of Cumberland's Marriage, November, 1771 ...... 677 150 ,, Ladies' Powdered Head-dresses. From a print published by Bowles in 1776 ..... 677 151 Initial Letter ...,,_, ....... . 679 152 The first coined money issued by the United States of America

BOOK I. THE PERIOD FROM THE ACCESSION OF GEORGE III.

TO THE SETTLEMENT OF THE CONTEST WITH AMERICA — «*1T% a.d. 1760—1785. CONTEMPORARY PRINCES. CH England, 1760 George III. France. 1^15 Louis XV. 1774 Louis XVI. Spain. 1759 Charles III. Portugal. 1750 Joseph. 1777 Maria. Germany. 1745 Francis I. 1765 Joseph II. Russia. 1741 Elizabeth. 1762 Peter III. 1762 Catherine II. Denmark. 174fi Frederic V. 17G6 Christian VII. Sweden. 1751 Adotphus Frederic. 1772 GustavusIII. Prussia. 1740 Frederic II. (the Great.) Poland. 1734 Augustus HI. 1764 Stanislaus II. (Toniatowski). 1772 First Partition. TURKEV. 1757 Mnstapha III. 1774 Abdoul Hamed. Two Sicilies. 1759 Ferdinand IV. Popes. 175ft Clement \U\. 1769 Clement XI*V. 1775 Pius VI. * F VOL. I [Book I. HISTORY OF THE REIGN OF GEORGE III 2 Great Seat, of George III., the Purse, and Chancellor's Mace