Cornell's Intermediate Geography: forming part second of a systematic series of school geographies, etc

Front matter

CORNELL'S GEOGRAPHY: FORMING PART SECOND OF A SYSTEMATIC SERIES OF SCHOOL GEOGRAPHIES. DESIGNED FOR PUPILS SStjja jjafa somjklrlr a fjrhnatji ot (Elmeitlarg Course of Instruction in fograjljg. By S. S. CQMELL, COEBESPONDING SMBEB OF THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY. "First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear." NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 346 & 348 BROADWAY. 1857. TO THE FEIESIDS OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION, AND TO THOSE ON WHOM DEVOLVES, IN EDUCATING THE YOUTH, TIIE RESPONSIBILITY OT PERPETUATING fills lohU Snstttutions nf 2 intr it a TnE SERIES, OF WHICH TIII8 BOOK FORMS A PAET, , IS MOST RESPECTFULLY Entered according to Act os Congress, in tbe year 1855, By S. S. Cornell, n the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. up information at one point, only to drop and to forget it at another!

It may be well here to explain that the lessons, immediately following each map, (denominated " Map Studies,") are arranged in accordance with the system atic directions given the pupil for memorizing the various physical and political divisions of the earth's surface. They correspond to the exercises styled " Memory's Aid," in the first number of the present Series, and are designed to serve a double purpose, — that of facilitating effective teaching, and of furnishing the means for progressive examination. An Intermediate Geography, is a new fact in achievement, though not a new idea in name. So intimately have the abstruse principles of geographical science been interwoven with its simpler rudiments, in class-books heretofore in use, that it would be difficult, following such authorities, to determine what of these principles are primary or elementary, what intermediate, or what ultimate.

To compile a work, therefore, that consistently with such an arrangement could be termed intermediate, is a thing quite impossible. It was necessary first, to extricate from the conglomerated text and full-grown maps that have heretofore constituted the primary study of the beginner, those elements of the science that are indeed rudimental; and by collating these (whether belonging to the map or to the text), to lay the only foundation on which the superstructure of geographical knowledge can rise before the student in its just proportions, and be finally comprehended by him as a thing of beauty, as well as of appliance. The Author would further remark that the last of the Series (No. 3 ) will suppl}-, in the natural order of completion, what to casual observation might appear as important omissions in the preceding numbers.

Part II

Describe the following Islands, viz : — Anticosti, Newfound land, Cape Breton, Pbince Edwards and Magdalen Isles. State the situation of the following Capital Cities, viz :— St. John's and Charlotte Town. State the situation of the following Towns, vlz» — Harbor, Sydney and Louisburg. • See map of " St. Lawrence Eiver, from Montreal to Quebec.1 LESSON XX. MAP STUDIES — systematically arranged. PAET L Describe the following Capes, viz : — Charles, Canso, Sable, — Bauld, Kace, Ray, — North and Breton. Describe the following Gulfs and Bays, viz : — James, St. Lawrence, Chaleurs, Fundy, Georgian, — Notre Dame, Bona vista, Trinity, Placf.ntia, Fortune, and St. George's. Describe the following Straits, viz: — Belle Isle, Northumber land, and Canso. PAET IL Describe the following Lakes, viz : — Abbitibbe, Mistissinnie, Mesiiickemau, Manicouagan, St. John, Grand, Temiscaming, Nifissing, Simcoe, and Bathurst.

Describe the following Elvers, viz : — * Albany, Moose, Abbi ttbbe, Harricanaw, Ruperts, East Main, Meshickemau, St. Lawrence, French, Severn, Grand, Ottawa, Aux Lievres, Montreal, -|Achiqan, St. Maurice, Ribbon, Saguenay, Mani couagan, \ Sorel, J St. Francis, f Nicolet, Rkstioouche, St. John's, and Exploits. * Tho Albany Elver rises in Lake St. Joseph and flows an easterly coutso. t For the Rivers Achigan and Nicolet, see map of " St Lawrence River from Montreal to Quebec" I The Sorel rises in Lake Champlain, and the St Francis in Lake Memphre mago£. For these rivers see Canada, on the map of New England. CORNELL'S INTERMEDIATE GEOGRAPHY. I' Three Rivers, one of the oldest towns in Canada, is situated on north-west bank of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the St. Maurice which is here divided into three channels.

The inhabitants are chiefly o French descent. DESCRIPTIVE GEOGKAPHY. BRITISH PROVINCES IN NORTH AMERICA. LESSON XXII THE PROVINCE OP CANADA. . Area in square miles, 350,000. Population, 1,842,000. Geographical Position.— The Province of Canada is situated in the south-eastern part of British America, along the banks of the St. Law rence, and the shores of the great lakes which form the boundary line be tween British America and the United States. The province is divided into Canada East and Canada West. Face of the Country. — The western part of the province contains a few ridges of table-land, not sufficiently elevated to be called mountain ranges and the eastern portion is agreeably diversified by hill, plain, and valley. Soil, Climate, and Productions.— The soil is generally fertile. The winters are long and severe.

One of the great productions of Canada is timber. Maple trees, from the sap of which excellent sugar is made, are numerous. "Wheat and garden vegetables are raised in large quantities. Fish abound in all the rivers and lakes. Inhabitants, etc.— In the eastern and older-settled portions of the province, more than half the inhabitants are of French descent, the re mainder consisting chiefly of emigrants from Great Britain. Important Cities.— Toronto, the capital of British America, situated on a fine harbor on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, is an important and flourishing city of Canada West. Montreal. THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. Area in square miles, 27,700. Population, 194,000. Geographical Position. — The province of New Brunswick extends from the Kestigouche river on the north, to the Bay of Fundy on the south, and from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland Strait on the east, to the St. Croix river on the west.

Face of the Country. — The surface is considerably varied. Along the shores of the Gulf, the country is generally level, and the tract along the Bay of Fundy has a rocky and uneven surface. Soil, Climate and Productions.— The soil is generally fertile. The climate resembles that of Canada. Timber is abundant, and the fisheries are exceedingly valuable. The chief productions are grain, hay and potatoes. Inhabitants, etc. — The inhabitants are chiefly descendants of the Quebec is situated on the north bank of the St. Lawrence. It is divided into an upper and a lower town : the upper town is built on a high promontory, and the lower town lies round the base of the rock, and contains the wharves, dock - yards, markets. &c. Montreal, an im portant city of Canada, lies on the south side of Montreal Island, which is situated at the junction of the Ottawa and the St. Lawrence.

The upper and newer portion of the city is well built, and contains many fine public build ings; among these is a Roman Catholic Cathe dral, said to be one of the finest buildings in North America. English and Irish. THE PROVINCE OP NOVA SCOTIA. Area in square miles, 18,700. Population, 276,000. Geographical Position.— Nova Scotia occupies a peninsula situated south-east of New Brunswick, with which it is connected by an isthmus of about fourteen miles in width. Surface of the Country.— The interior forms a table-land of moder ate elevation. The coasts contain numerous deep inlets, some of which form excellent harbors. Soil, Climate and Productions.— The peninsula possesses some highly fertile districts, but these are of limited extent. In many places the soil is poor. The chief productions are wheat, oats, barley and potatoes.

The winters are very severe, and the summers short and hot. Fogs are frequent along the Atlantic coast. A large portion of the inhabitants are engaged in the timber trade, and in the fisheries. Coal of excellent quality abounds, and grindstones are very extensively quarried, chiefly for export to the United States. Inhabitants, etc. — The present population is composed mainly ol Eu ropean emigrants and their descendants. Important Towns. — Halifax, the capital of the province, is situated on the south-east coast. It possesses an extensive dock-yard, and is the principal naval station of Great Britain in North America. Liverpool, situated on the south-east coast, about seventy miles distant from Halifax, carries on a flourishing trade in lumber and fish. Kails ul Muntuiorcn About a bals dozen miles north-east of the city of Quebec, and ashort distance above the spot where the Montmnrency empties into the St. Lawrence, are the celebrated and beautiful Falls of Montraorency.

The Montmorency is a small river, which, in its onward course to join the St Lawrence, /lescends a precipice of about 250 feet in height The accompanying engraving gives you a very good idea of both the precipice and the falls. BRITISH PROVINCES IN NORTH AMERICA. A View o>* tiik St. Lawef.nte (toe Eapida). What Is usually meant when the Si Lawrence is spoken of, Is that part of tho river between Lake Ontario and tho Gulf of St. Lawrence, which la about 750 miles In length. For the first 40 miles below its outlet from Lake Ontario, tho channel of tho river is filled with a multitude of iilands of every eizo, and shape, and aspect; and on this account the rivet oere is generally styled "The Lake of the Thousand Isles." Not far above Montreal the river is impeded by rapids, a view of one of which is afforded you in the above engraving.

Steamboats can descend these rapids, but they are obliged to be towed up in a side canal which was built for that purpose. THE COLONY OF CAPE BRETON ISLAND THE COLONY OF NEWFOUNDLAND. Area in square miles, 3,100. Population, 55,000. Geographical Position. — The island lies north-east of Nova Scotia, from which it is separated by the Strait of Canso. Surface of the Island, etc. — The island is very irregularly shaped and almost intersected by an arm of the sea, called Bras d'Or. The sur face is generally uneven, and the soil and climate similar to that of Prince Edward's Island. Inhabitants, etc. — A large portion of the settlers are emigrants from the higher regions of Scotland and the Hebrides. Fishing is the chief object of pursuit. In the neighborhood of Sydney are extensive and val uable coal mines.

The island is not a distinct colony, but forms a part of the province of Nova Scotia. Anticosti. — Anticosti is a desert island belonging to Canada East. Area in square miles, 36,000. Population, 100,000. Geographical Position.— This large island is situated on the eastern side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which, together with the Strait of Belleisle, separates it from the coast of continental British America. Surface Of the Island. — The land on the western coast is generally high and rocky, and on the eastern it consists principally of low hills. The interior is hilly and interspersed with numerous small rivers and lakes. Soil, Climate and Productions.— The soil is poor, and the climate damp and cold. The island is surrounded by sand banks ; and fogs almost constantly prevail along its shores.

Its fisheries are exceedingly valuable, comprising cod, salmon, herring, and seaL The cod-fishery is the most important. Inhabitants, etc. — The inhabitants live in villages along the shores, and are supported chiefly by the fisheries and the consequent trade. The colony belongs to Great Britain. St. Johns, the capital of the colony, is situated on the south-east eoast. The shores in the neighborhood of the town, are lined with wharves, which are almost completely occupied by stages for curing fish. THE COLONY OF PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND. Area in square miles, 2,100. Population, 63,000. Geographical Position. — This island lies on the south-western side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the north-eastern side of Northumberland Strait. Surface of the Island, etc.— The surface is generally level, the soil fertile and the climate milder and more equable than that of the adjacent colonies.

The fisheries are very valuable, and timber is plentiful. The oysters of this island are said to be of excellent quality. Inhabitants etc. — The inhabitants are chiefly emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. The island is a colonial possession ot Great Britain. Charlotte Town, tee capital of the colony, is a small town situated on Hillsborough Bay. ' < Halifax. .Nova Scutiu The above view is taken from the east side of Halifax harbor, on tne west side of which th? city Is situated, on tho declivity of a hill which rises over 200 feet abuve the level of the sett , What two bays are uouth ? In what part of Maine is Bangor f How is Maine bounded ? How Massachusetts ? What river separates New Hampshire from Vermont ? , What two towns are in tbe southern part of Vermont ?

Which one of these is situated on the Connecticut ? Where is Rutland ? Newbury ? Danville ? Middlebury ? What town on Lake Champlain near tbe mouth of Onion River ? What State is bounded on the east by New Brunswick ? Where is Eastport ? In what direction from Eastport is Belfast ? Bangor ? What city is the capital of Maine ? Where is Portland? Bath? Which is further north, Belfast or Bangor ? Portland or Augusta ? What State between Vermont and Maine ? Where is Concord ? In what direction is it from Lowell 1 What city is the only seaport of New Hampshire ? How situated ? What mountains are in New Hampshire ? What mountains in Vermont ? What river is the outlet of Lake Champlain ? Where is Spring- 6eld ? . How is New Bedford situated ? Which is further north, Lowell or Salem ? How is Lowell situated ?

Salem ? Taunton ? How is Newport situated ? How is Providence situated ? On both sides of Providence Kiver. How is Connecticut bounded ? What cities are its capitals ? Which one is situated on the Connecticut River ? Ou which side of that river ? Where is Middletown ? Where is Norwich ? How far north of New London ? About 13 miles. What river forms part of tbe boundary between Maine and New Brunswick ? Into what bay does that river empty ? What is the general course of the Kenncbec ? What capital on that river ? Iu what lake does tbe Kennebec rise ? Where are Capes Cod and Malabar ? What bay is east of Massachusetts ? Which of the New England States border on Canada ? Which on New York ? Which one on Long Island Sound ? Which border on the Atlantic ? Which one on Lake Champlain ? Wliich is the largest of the New England States ?

Which tbe smallest ? Which next in size ? C. Which are the Northern or Middle States ? Wliich one lies furthest north ? Which furthest south ? What lake and river bounds New York on the north ? To what State does Long Island belong ? To New York. What important city in tbe western part of that island ? Brooklyn. What sound is north of Long Island? What water soutb ofthe island ? Wbat river separates New Jersey from Pennsylvania ? What capes are at the entrance of Delaware Bay ? Which one projects from New Jersey ? How is New Jersey bounded ? "What city is the capital of Delaware ? Is it a large or a small State ? What State in the Union is still smaller ? How is Delaware bounded ? In what does tho Susquehanna rise ? How many times does tbe Susquehanna cross tbe boundary lino between New York and Pennsylvania ?

Of wbat State is Harrisburg the capital ? State the situation of the following Capital Cities, viz : — Albany, Trenton, "Dover and Harrisburg. State the situation of the following Cities and Towns, viz (— Rochester, Oswego, Water-town, Oqdensburg, Plattsburg, Whitehall, Saratoga, Schenectady, Troy, Hudson, Poughkeep sie, Newburg, Sing Sing, fNsw York, Port Jervis, Btngham ton, Ithaca, Elmira, Hornellsville, Dunkirk, Buffalo, Bata via, Geneva, Auburn, JSyracuse, Hamilton, Utica and Rome. PAET II. State the situation of the following Cities and Towns, viz:— Brooklyn, Sag Harbor, Patchogue, — Paterson, Jersey City, Newark, New Brunswick, Absecom, Camden, Burlington, — New ark, Wilmington, Lewes, Georgetown, — Erie, Meadville, rldgeway, cowdersport, athens, honesdale, wllkesbarre, Easton, Reading, Philadelphia, Lancaster, York, Carlisle, Hollidaysburg, Pittsburg, Williamsport and Sunbury.

PAET III. Describe the following Islands, viz : — Long and §Staten. Describe the following Capes, viz : — May, Henlopen and Mon tauk Point. Describe the following Mountains, viz : — Adirondack, Cats kill, Blue Ridge and Alleghany. Describe the following Bays, viz : — New York and Delaware. Describe the following Sound, viz t — Long Island. Describe the following Lakes, viz :— Ontario, Canandaigua, Crooked, Seneca, Cayuga, Owasco, Oneida, George, Cham plain and Otseoo. PAET IV. Describe the following Rivers, viz : — Niagara, Genesee, HOswego, Seneca, Clyde, — Black, Oswegatchie, Racket, Sara nac, Sorel,— Hudson, Mohawk, Schoharie Creek, — Passaic, Raritan, Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, — Susquehanna, Che mung, Conhocton, Tioga, W. Branch Susquehanna, Juniata, — Monongahela and Alleghany. * Dover is sitnated on Jones' Creek. t For New York City and Brooklyn, see small map of New York and its vicinity, on the 2Sth pago.

X Syracuse is situated on Onondaga Lake. § For Staten Island see map of New York and Its vicinity. It is surrounded by Newark Bay, the Kills, New York Bay, the Narrows, Atlantic Ocean and Staten Island Sound. R The Oswego is formed by the junction of Seneca and Oneida Eivers. The Oneida is tho outlot of Oneida Lake. LESSON XXV. PAET I. MAP QUESTIONS — promiscuously arranged. How many New England States are there ? Wliich are they ? What water bounds Connecticut on the south ? What large river empties into that sound ? Describe tbe Connecticut. What city is the capital of Vermont ? Where is St. Albans ? How is Vermont bounded on the west ? Describe the Penobscot River. What bav is east of Maine ? THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. LESSON XXIII. MAP STUDIES— systematically arranged. Mention the boundaries of the following States, viz : — "Ver mont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.

State the situation of the following Capital Cities, viz •.—Mont pelier, Concord, Augusta, Boston, — Providence, Newport, — Hartford and New Haven. State the situation of the following Cities and Towns, viz :— St. Albans, Danville, Newbury, Brattleboro, Bennington, Rutland, Middlebury and Burlington.' PAET IL State the situation of the following Cities and Towns, viz : — Dover, Portsmouth, Manchester, Nashua, Keene, Hanover, Haverhill, Bristol, — Eastport, Machlas, Ellsworth, Banqor, Belfast, Watervtlee, Bath, Portland, Saco, Dover, — Green field, Fitchburg, Lowell, Newburyport, Salem, Plymouth, *New Bedford, Fall River, Taunton, Worcester, Springfield, Pittsfield and Northampton. PAET III. State the situation of the following Cities and Towns, viz : — Smithfield, Pawtucket, Warren, Bristol, TrvERTON, South Kingston, East Greenwich, — Salisbury, Enfield, Willimantic, Stonington, |New London, Norwich, Middletown and Bridge port.

Describe the following Islands, viz : — Mt. Desert, Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and Rhode. Describe the following Capes, viz t — Elizabeth, Ann, Cod and Malabar. Describe the following Mountains, viz t — Green and White. PAET IV. Describe the following Bays, viz : — Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Casco, Massachusetts, Cape Cod and Narragansett. Describe the following Lakes, viz ; — Memphremagog, Grand, Schoodic, Chesuncook, Moosehead, and Winnipiseogee. Describe the following Rivers, viz ;— Otter, Onion, St. Croix, Penobscot,Piscataquis, — Kennebec, Androscoggin, JPiscataqua, Merrimac, Taunton, Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Wood, Charles, — §Thames, Connecticut, White, — and Housatonic. * New Bedford is situated on a small stream which flows into Buzzard's Bay. t New London is situated on the right bank of the Thames lliver.

IThe Piscataqua is formed by the Salmon Falls and the Cocheco River. § Tho Thames Kiver is formed by the junction of Quinebaug, Bhetuckct, and Tantic Elvers. THE MIDDLE STATES. LESSON XXIV. MAP STUDIES — systematically arranged. Mention the boundaries of the following States, viz :— New York. New Jersev, Delaware and Pennsylvania. CORNELL'S INTERMEDIATE GEOGRAPHY. 28 What one still further north ? North of Greenfield ? In what State is Brattlehoro ? "Where is Nashua ? What other places on that river ? Which one is nearest Concord ? Which are not in New Hampshire ? Where is Hanover ? Keene ? Where is Winnipiseogee Lake ? In what direction is Portsmouth from Portland ? Is the latter city in New Hampshire ? Describe the Androscoggin River. What river is the outlet of Chestmcook Lake ? Of Grand Lake ?

What river flows into the west side of the Penobscot ? What small town on that river ? On which side of the Penobscot is Bangor ? How is Belfast situated ? At the head of Penobscot Bay. In what part of Maine is Saco ? What part Machias ? Where is Cape Elizabeth ? Mount Desert Island ? How is Dover, in New Hampshire, situated ? On Cocheco River. What two rivers form the Piscataqua ? What city at its mouth ? What river forms a part of the northern boundary of Maine ? What a part of the eastern ? Into what ocean does the Kennebec empty ? On what Bay is Portland ? "Where is Waterville ? Ellsworth ? In what part of Massachusetts is Fitchburg ? In what part Pittsfield 1 What three towns in Rhode Island are on the east side of Narragansett Bay ? On which side of the bay is East Greenwich? What manufacturing town lies partly in Rhode Island and partly in Massa chusetts ?

Pawtucket. Of the cities and towns in New England yon have learned the location of, which is on Lake Champlain ? Which are on the west hank of the Connecticut ? On the east bank ? Which are on the right bank of the Merrimac ? Which are on the Thames ? Which on the Taunton ? Which on the right bank of the Kennebec ? Which is on the west side of Penobscot Bay ? Which on the west side of

PART II.

Penobscot River ? Which on Passamaquoddy Bay ? Which on Cocheco River ? On Piscataqua River ? Which is on Onion or Winooski River ? Which are on Otter River ? Of what State is Boston the capital ? On what bay is Boston ? What is that part of the city called which is situated on a peninsula ? Boston Proper. \ND ITS What is the narrow isthmus called which joins the peninsula to the mainland of the State ? It is called the " Neck." What important manufacturing town is connected with Boston by the Neck ? R. In what direction from Boston is the city of Charlestown ? On what river is it situated ? In what direction from Charlestown is Chelsea ? From Chelsea is East Boston ? What forts guard the harbor of Boston ? What city is about nine miles north-east of Boston ? L. For what is it noted ? For the manufacture of ladies' shoes.

What town lies about seven miles north of Boston ? M. What place is the seat of Harvard University ? C. What place on the Boston and Worcester Railroad ? For what is it noted ? For its cattle market. How far is it from Boston ? About four miles. What small river flows into Massachusetts Bay south of Dorchester ? For what is Quincy noted ? For its immense quarries of granite. In what part of Massachusetts is Quincy ? Where is Plymouth ? What manufacturing town at the mouth of Taunton River ? What bay lies between Cape Cod Peninsula and the mainland ? Into what bay does Taunton River empty ? Where is Worcester ? Newburyport ? Northampton ? What capes on the coast of Massachusetts ? Where are the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard ? To what State do they belong ? To Massachusetts. In what bay is Rhode Island ?

What capital city on that island ? In what part of the State of Rhode Island is South Kingston ? What rivers empty into Narragansett Bay ? What important manufacturing towns are on the Pawtucket ? What rivers form the Paucatuck ? Where is East Greenwich 1 What State is west of Rhode Island ? Where is New Haven ? What river crosses the western part of Connecticut ? LESSON XXVI. What the central ? What one is formed by the Quinebaug and Shetucket ? What city near the mouth of the Thames ? How is New York City situated ? What is the extent of Manhattan Island ? It is 15 miles in length, and from half a mile to 2\ miles What town on the coast, about twelve miles east of New London ? On what river is Enfield ? Where is Bridgeport ? Salisbury ? What town on the Connecticut, about 17 miles north of Springfield 1 in width.

What river separates the island from the continental part of the State ? H. QUESTIONS ON THE MAP OF THE NEW ENGLAND AND MIDDLE STATES. 29 What two rivers are connected by Harlem River ? Is not Harlem River a strait ? What river separates Manhattan from Long Island ? What does it connect ? Long Island Sound with New York Bay. Is it not properly a strait ? How long is it ? About twenty miles. Is it navigable for large vessels ? Yes. What strait connects New York Bay with the Atlantic Ocean ? What islands does the Narrows separate ? To what State do these islands belong ? New York. What large city on Long Island opposite New York ? On what river is it ? In what part of Long Island is Flatbush ? Where is Astoria ? How is Flushing situated ? At the head of Flushing Bay. What village lies a few miles south-west of it?

Where is Jamaioa? How far is it from Brooklyn? About ten miles. Where is Coney Island? Jamaica Bay ? What waters surround Staten Island ? What river separates Manhattan Island from New Jersey ? What two cities in New Jersey are opposite New York ? How far west of Jersey City is Newark ? About eight miles. On what river and railroad is it situated ? What village on the same river about three miles north of Newark ? What one west of that ? What one about three miles west of Newark ? Where is Hackensack ? What two rivers empty into the head of Newark Bay ? How could you go by water from New York to Newark ? How could you go by water from New York to Tompkinsville ? How far is Tompkinsville from the city ? About six miles. What range of Highlands borders on the Hudson ? The Palisades. On what river is Albany ?

Describe that river. Where is Troy ? What river empties into the Hudson near Troy ? Where is Oswego ? In what direction is Oswego from Rochester ? On what river is Rochester ? Where is Dunkirk ? Buffalo ? In what direction is Syracuse from Elmira ? Syracuse from Schenectady ? What three cities are situated on the east side of the Hudson south of Troy ? On which side of that river is Newburg ? Where is Plattsburg ? How is Whitehall situated ? At the southern extremity of Lake Champlain. In what direction is Saratoga from Whitehall ?

PART IL

How is Philadelphia situated ? What is included in the city limits ? The entire county of Philadelphia, in which are Manayunk, Ger mantown, Holmesburg, Tacony, Frankford, and several other towns and villages. For what is Saratoga noted ? As a fashionable watering place. What three important places on the Mohawk River ? How far from the State House of the cityproper is Manayunk ? About 7 miles. On what river is Manayunk ? On what Norristown ? How is Auburn situated ? How Syracuse ? For what is it noted ? As being the seat of the most valuable salt manufactures in the United States. What village on the same river, a few miles above Norristown ? In what direction from Philadelphia is Doylestown ? From Doylestown is Newtown ? Near what creek is Newtown ? What town on the Delaware is opposite Burlington ?

How far is it from the city of Philadelphia ? About nineteen miles. On what creek is Holmesburg ? Pennypack Creek. Where is Binghamton ? On what river is Elmira ? In what direction is Ithaca from Elmira ? Where is Ithaca ? What two rivers form the Chemung ? Of what is the Chemumg a branch ? What rivers form the Oswego ? What river flows into Seneca River from Canandaigua Lake ? Where is Geneva ? In what direction from it is Batavia ? On what river are Tacony and Frankfort ? Where is Germantown ? What town west of Philadelphia, on Darby Creek ? From Batavia is Hornellsville ? From Batavia is Buffalo ? Where is Watertown ? In what direction from it is Ogdensburg ? What group of lakes, in Western New York, south of Lake Ontario ? By what river are these connected with Lake Ontario ? Where is Chester ?

What city on the Delaware River is opposite Philadelphia ? In what State is Camden ? How is Mount Holly situated ? What town is about equi-distant from Camden and Mount Holly ? Where is Lake George ? Into what lake does it empty ? What mountains iu Northern New York ? Where is Haddonfield ? On what creek is Westville ? Big Timber Creek. On what is Woodbury ? Woodbury Creek. What mountains south of the valley of the Mohawk 1 Among what mountains does the Hudson rise ? On what river are Paterson and Newark ? On the Passaic River. How is Pennsylvania bounded ? What two rivers form the Ohio ? What city is situated at the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela What is the course of this river ? What river connects Lakes Erie and Ontario ? On which side of the Hudson River is Sing Sing ? Rivers ?