Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang during the years 1843-46; employed surveying the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago; accompanied by a brief vocabulary of the principal languages ... With notes on the natural history of the Islands, by Arthur Adams

Front matter

* ...iwiuio.li NARRATIVE of the voyage or H.M.S. SAMARANG. VOL. I. NARRATIVE OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. SAMARANG, DURING THE YEARS 1843-46 ; EMPLOYED SURVEYING THE ISLANDS OF THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO ; ACCOMPANIED BY A BRIEF VOCABULARY OF THE PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES. $)ui>It-i)rt! tmlrer tt)t 1lu-I)0-itB 0f ft>~ iLorUS Commt^^toncrS of ttjc Somtraltjj. b . CAPTAIN SIR EDWARD BELCHER, R.N., C.B., F.K.A.S., F.G.S., &c. COMMANDER OF THE EXPEDITION. WITH NOTES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE ISLANDS, By ARTHUR ADAMS, Assistant-Surgeon, R.N. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON: REEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE, KING WILLIAM STREET STRAND. 1848. I I I V 1 , nMIlM AND BEEVH, PRINTERS _>_ _THI.lsHF.ti- OP SCIEiSTIPIt WORK*. KIM, WILLIAM STREET, IK .'.Ii TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF AUCKLAND, G.C.B., FIRST LORD-COMMISSIONER FOR EXECUTING THE OFFICE OF LORD HIGH ADMIRAL OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, &C, &C, &C, THESE VOLUMES, CONTAINING THE NARRATIVE OF THE VOYAGE OE H. M.S. SAMARANG, ARE, BY HIS LORDSHIP'S PERMISSION, INSCRIBED, WITH THE GREATEST RESPECT, BY HIS OBEDIENT SERVANT, E. BELCHER.

Preface

. In appearing again before the Public as the Narrator of the leading incidents of a protracted Surveying Ex pedition, I wish the work to be regarded only as another effort in the performance of that duty which should be undertaken, to the best of their ability, by all Officers intrusted with the command of Scientific Voyages ; and however monotonous the recital of the Service-portions of such duty may appear to those not immediately con versant with Naval affairs, I trust the observations here detailed on some of the Islands and Islanders of the Eastern Hemisphere, hitherto rarely visited, will not only prove interesting to the general reader, but will, in a political point of view, afford matter for considera tion in our future intercourse with those Regions. At the time of H. M.S. Samarang quitting England, on the termination of the war with China, the promi-

PREFACE.

. VI nent feature of my instructions related specifically to " the Coasts, Ports and Rivers of that Empire, laid open by the new Treaty of 1842;" but the veto of Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary forbidding " all approach to any part of the Chinese Territories north of Canton," my attention was directed to the off-lying Islands of the Eastern Archipelago, including all that are compre hended within the limits of 50° N., and 10° S. Latitude, and as far as 175° of E. Longitude. The territories of this wide domain were to be examined according to the tenor of my Instructions in H.M.S. Sulphur:— " In all the operations connected with the several branches of the Service thus allotted to you, you will strictly guide yourself by the Instructions, mutatis mu tandis, under which you acted in the Pacific," and which the following extract will illustrate.

" In carrying this great Survey into effect, their Lord ships have placed the fullest reliance on the unabated zeal and talents which you have heretofore displayed, and they have cautiously and wisely abstained in your orders, from fettering you in the selection of your ground, or in that division and disposition of your time which the periodic changes of season, or the occasional necessities of the vessels may require." — Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, 1842.

PREFACE.

. VII The conclusion of the present ran : — " On all these subjects we shall give implicit direc tions to the Commander-in-Chief ; we shall prohibit his interfering with your proceedings, or permitting any casual Senior Officer, with whom you may faU in, to control, or meddle with you in any way, unless in cases of extreme exigency, and we shall direct him to keep up your supplies, so as to enable you to carry out this important Service with uninterrupted energy, and to continue on it till you receive further orders from us. ' (Signed) G. Cockburn. " W. H. Gage." Dated 13th of January, 1843. The Instructions, therefore, confided to me the trust of selecting and examining those points most important to Navigation, and of using the intervals occasioned by the Monsoons, in enlarging the great net-work of Mag netic Stations over the limits assigned, with the aid of a most complete set of Instruments furnished from the Magnetic Observatory at Woolwich, to which twenty well-proved Chronometers (mostly prize) were added for the purpose of measuring accurate Meridian distances.

At the moment of my departure from Falmouth, a despatch arrived from the Admiralty, desiring me to visit Sarawak, in Borneo, communicate with Mr. Brooke,

PREFACE.

. and then proceed to Borneo Proper, where I was to examine and report on the Coal Measures of that district, and obtain a sufficient quantity for trial on board one of our Steamers. The Samarang reached Singapore on the 19th of June, 1843, moved on to Sarawak, and there, in the act of dropping down the river, grounded, heeled over, and filled. By the great exertion of the crew she was recovered, after eleven days' immersion, and having replenished provisions, and completed the object of her mission to Borneo, reached Hong-Kong on the 15th of September, 1 843. Here the necessity for a diversion from the original Instructions became known, and avoiding the actual coasts of China, for the reason before mentioned, the off-lying Islands were examined, including in the following order, the Bashees, Meia-co-shimahs, Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Sooloo, Borneo, Celebes, and Ter nate ; whence, after a sharp encounter with the Illanon Pirates, off Gilolo, we returned to Singapore.

The Samarang then revisited Borneo, joining the Dido in her Sakarran Expedition. Subsequently, aided by the H.E.I. C. steamer, Phlegethon, placed at my disposal by the Governor of Singapore (for the search after an English Lady, supposed to be captive in Borneo), we transferred the Rajah Muda Hassim and family to Borneo Proper ; leaving Mr. Brooke in undisputed possession of his

PREFACE.

. IX territory. At this visit, the Phlegethon was moored in the main street of Brunai, and saluted the Sultan, at which period the original Document, wherein the Sultan offered to cede to Her Majesty the Island of Labuan, was received and transmitted by the Author to Government. Our search for the supposed female cap tive proving unsuccessful, the Samarang proceeded to Manila, where, hearing of the distress and captivity of the crew of the British barque, Premier, on the coast of Borneo, we returned to Sooloo, and, aided by the Sultan of that place, who sent his Ambassador, succeeded in liberating all who remained, and completed Treaties of Friendship with the Sultans of Gunung Taboor and Bulungan. The Samarang then revisited Sooloo, Manila, and Hong-Kong, with the Bashees, Meia-co-shimahs, Loo-Choo, Quelpart, Korea, and Japan, where we were most kindly received ; returned to Loo-Choo, and Hong- Kong; thence to Manila and the Mindoro Seas, to Mindanao, crossed to our old possession of Balam bangan, and carried out the complete Survey from that Island to Labuan, revisiting Sarawak and Singapore, where orders awaited us for England; and calhng at Anjer (Java), the Keeling Islands, Cargados-Garajos, Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and Ascen sion, we arrived at Spithead after an absence of nearly four years.

PREFACE.

X In the collection of objects of Natural History, I was fortunate enough to possess an acute observer in the person of my Assistant-Surgeon Mr. Adams, whose remarks on the Plants and Animals of the countries visited, will be read with interest by all who can ap preciate the delight experienced by the Naturalist, when transported to so prolific, and comparatively new, a field for observation as the remote islands of the Blue and Yellow Seas. In the department of Mollusca, to which I was myself chiefly attached, the zealous and successful exertions of Mr. Adams in obtaining drawings of the living animals, deserve my warmest commendation ; and it is pleasing to me to know that the materials now preparing for publication are likely to furnish more im portant matter than has been contributed by any former British Expedition.

It will be sufficient to notice, that the Molluscous division of the Zoology commences with an elaborate memoir on the anatomy of that remarkable Cephalopod, which has so long evaded the pursuit of the naturalist, the Spirula, or Ram's-Horn, by Professor Owen, the accomplished dissector of the Pearly Nautilus. In conclusion, I thank my officers, Messrs. Browne, Richards, and Adams, for their skilful aid in preparing the drawings with which the Narrative is illustrated, and it only remains to ask a seaman's indulgence for any errors or ambiguity in the composition. CONTENTS. VOL. I.

Chapter I. Voyage To Borneo And The Sarawak River

Determination of the Government to survey the approaches to the Ports laid open by the new Treaty with China — H.M.S. Samarang, 26 Guns, commissioned for that purpose — Experiments with Fox's Dipping Needle, &e. — Importance of marking the localities used for Magnetic observations— Make for the Cape of Good Hope by an easterly course — Thermometrical Experiments at great depths — Anchor in Simon's Bay — Meet the Antarctic Expedition — Arrive at Singapore and Borneo — Enter the Sarawak River — Hospitable reception from Mr. Brooke at Kuching — Excursion up the Sarawak with Mr. Brooke — Visit the Antimony and Gold Mines worked by the Chinese — The Dyaks — Declaration of their attachment to Great Britain — Return to the Samarang — Preparations for sea — Visit of the Rajah — Summary of Observations on the capabilities and resources of the Sarawak Territory under the government of Mr. Brooke . . . . Paye 1

Chapter II. Sarawak, Brunai, And Hong-kong

Preparations for leaving Kuching — The Ship grounds — Inclines forty-five degrees to Starboard — Instruments saved — Construct houses on shore — Royalist despatched to Singapore for provisions and assistance — Measures adopted for raising the Ship — Zeal of the CONTENTS. XII Crew— Speedy and successful issue— Cockpit Hall— Newspaper report of the disaster— Departure from Sarawak— Navigation dan gerous — Al-rival at Borneo Proper — Visit to the Sultan Re ception—Brunai, a City of the Waters— Floating Bazar— Futile search for Coal— Lema Islands— Arrival at Hong-Kong—Im provements at that Island — Its Physical and Natural History. 37

Chapter III. Bashee And Meia-co-shimah Islands

Macao — General features — Camoens' Cave — Sail for the Bashee Group of Islands — Batan — Natural Histoiy and Resources of that island — Visit the Me'ia-co-shimah Group — Arrive at Pa-tchung-san — Reception by the Mandarins — Exploring Excursion — Interesting co-operation of the Natives — Integrity, kindness of disposition, and general habits — Laborious mode of dressing the hair — Cleanliness and domestic comfort — Temples and Groves for worship — Oblations — Mode of sepulture — Want of mechanical skill — Success in Agriculture — Chiefs entertained on board the Samarang — Port Haddington — Ty-pin-san Group — Mr. Adams' account of the Me'ia-co-shimahs — Return to Hong-Kong — Sail for Manila — Courtesy of the General Alcalde — Scenery and general features — Pass the Islands of Cabras, Luban, and Panagatan — Arriveat Mindanao — Anchor off the town of Samboanga — Cordial reception from the Governor, Colonel Figueroa- — -False alarm — Shooting excursion into the interior — Departure for the Island of Sooloo. . 65

Chapter IV. Sooloo, Manado, Ternate, And Gilolo

Arrive at the Island of Sooloo — Astronomical Observations — Impertinent curiosity of the Natives — Visit to the Sultan — Hall of Audience — Dress and appointments — Remonstrance on the subject of piracy — City of Sooloo — Means of defence — Celebes — Monado — Reception by the Governor — Ternate — Courteous invitation from the Governor — Fix Observatory on a coral reef off Gilolo — Surprised by the Natives — Fire musketry to frighten them — Attacked by five Prahus — Discomfiture of the enemy — Vessels with the killed and wounded disabled and burnt — Second attack of five larger Prahus — Author knocked overboard by a ball from one of CONTENTS. XIII the Chief's brass guns — Severely wounded in the hip — Enemy put to flight — Further arrival of the Natives — Ammunition ex pended, return to the ship — Boats recur to the scene of action under the command of Lieut. Heard — Destroy several of the enemy's Prahus with shot and Congreve rockets — Woman and child saved from a burning Prahu — Cessation of hostilities . 113

Chapter V. Singapore And Brunai

Singapore — Occupy Recorder's house — Assemblage of Vessels of War — Opinion respecting site of Horsburgh Testimonial — Romania Islands — Samarang rejoins Dido at Sarawak — Letters from Em-ope — Mr. D'Aeth of the Dido capsized — Intrepidity of Mr. Brooke — Excursion up the River Linga in pursuit of Seriff Sahib — Town of Bunting — Assistance of the Balow Dyaks — Captain Keppel's account of the conference to which Seriff Jaffer was summoned — Mr. Brooke's address to the Balow Dyaks — Visit their habitations — Explore River Lundu — Return to Santubon entrance — Town of Tundong — Entertainment of Seguga, the Orang Kaya- — Continue Survey of the Bay to Tanjong Datu — Return to Singapore — Expedition to rescue a European Female supposed to be living in captivity at Amboon, north coast of Borneo — Documents relative thereto — Mr. Presgrave's account — Statement of Haggee Hassan, a Lascar — Return to Sarawak — Embarkation of the Rajah Muda Hassim with his brothers and twenty-four wives — Brunai — Interview with the Sultan — Address to Queen Victoria — Brunai coal-district — Excursion with Mr. Brooke — Island of Cherimon — Port Victoria . . 146

Chapter VI. Ambong, Manila, And Eastern Borneo

Reach the Bay of Ambong — Peaks of Kini Balu — Town of Ambong and adjacent scenery — Value of stock and provisions — Tampassook River — Sultan of Tampassook — His predilection for spirits — Depart for Manila — Pass Balabac and Balambangan — Monkey Conchologists — Fishing Boats — Island of Dumaran — Pursuit of a CONTENTS. XIV i Pirate — Reach Manila — Kindness of the Governor — Arrival ot six Lascars, bringing information of the wreck of the Premier — Depart to rescue her crew — Arrival at Sooloo — Entertainment to the Ministers on board the Samarang— Pulo Panjang — Marine Observatory of novel construction— Remains of villages destroyed by fire — Town of Gunung Taboor — Ambassador from the Sultan — Fire salutes — Procession and music — Loss of the Premier- Statement of the Sultan — Execution of a Treaty with Great Britain — Departure for Bulungan . . . 188 188

Chapter VII. Eastern Coast Of Borneo

River Bulungau — Ceremonial visit — Exchange of salutes — Interview with the Sultan — Sagai Tribes — Friendship of their Chief — Release of the Lascars — Treaty with the Sultan of Bidungan — Quit Bulungan, and return to Gunung Taboor — Complete terms of friendly agreement with Sultan — Offer of the Island of Maratua — Quit the position off Premier Reef — Examine the Island of Maratua — Escape of Samarang from a most dangerous extremity — Approach the Coast — Anchor to avoid danger — Beauty of Corallines observed beneath us — Enter the Reefs and find a safe anchorage within — Ligitan Group — Conflict of one of the boats with an Illanon Pirate — Prahu burnt — Curious instrument found on board her for capturing slaves — Arrival at Sooloo — Meet French Squadron — Exchange civilities with Mons. Lagrene and Admiral Cecile — Friendly relations with Sultan of Sooloo — February Magnetic Term-day — Kindness of Datoo Danielle . . 223

Chapter VIII. Illanon Pirates And Sooloo Territory

History of the Illanon Pirates — Established in a spacious lagoon with a Chief of their own — Ingenious ways of escape — Their mode of construction — The Illanon vessels — Range of piratical incursions — Mode of eluding the Spanish forces — The Ballignini Pirates — Court of Sooloo — Notes from Oriental Repertory of Dalrymple — Sooloo group of Islands — Toolyan — Tawee-Tawee — Bangene — Palawan— Tiroon— River Barow— Sicatack— Sibocco — Maratua CONTENTS. XV Spanish account of the origin of the friendship between the British and Sultan of Sooloo, and occupation of Balambangan by the English — Instructions upon these matters from Madrid — Pro ceedings of Governor of Samboanga — English attacked and ex pelled from Balambangan — Summary of the English privileges on northern coast of Borneo — Dalrymple's account of the Sooloo independency. ..... 262

Chapter IX. Batan, Hoa-pin-san, And Loo-choo

Take leave of Sooloo — Cagayanes Group — The Natives — Camdeii Shoal — Loss of Jib-boom in a Squall off Point Calivite — Arrive at Manila — Return to Hong-Kong — Examine Defences of Canton — Leave for Batan — Excursion to Ibayat, accompanied by the Dominican Padres — Difficulty of landing — Explore Interior — Embarkation hazardous — Island of Samasana — Slight shock of Earthquake — Sail for Y-nah-koo — Beneficial results of the transportation of Plants — -Visit Hoa-pin-san — Attack of Mosquitoes — Tia-usu — Geological features — -Proceed to Loo-Choo — Anchor in the roads of Napa Kiang- — Loo-Chooans visit to the ship — Droll curiosity of one individual in taking its dimensions — Find French Priest and his Servant. .... 296

Chapter X. Quelpart And The Korean Islands

Island of Quelpart — Landing at first opposed by the Fishermen — Observations effected on shore by appointing Sentinels to intercept the curiosity of the Natives — Symptoms of hostility — Surprised at midnight by a body of the inhabitants with torches — Disperse quietly to their homes — Watch-fires on the Great Island ■ — Visit of the Chief to the Ship, accompanied by most discordant music — Dress and Manners — Visit to a superior Chief on the Great Island — His curiosity to understand the object of our Expedition — Punishment of an offender — Make the Tour of the Island — Proffers of hospitality from a young Chief — Arrangements for making a formal visit to the Examiner — March to the City — Misunderstanding and return to the beach — Proceed to CONTENTS. XVI the Southern Islands, and are visited by an intelligent Civilian Chief— General remarks on Quelpurt aud the Quelpartians — De parture for the Archipelago of Korea — Survey estuaries — Features of the Country— Habits of the People— Return to Quelpart— Sail for Japan 224 224 VOL. II.

CHAPTER XL JAPAN AND LOO-CHOO.

Approach Nangasaki — Escorted by numerous guard-boats — Permission to land — Observations effected — Deputation of the Chiefs to the Ship — Numerous visitors — Japanese customs and habits — Legal suicide — Dress of superior class — Swords, Boats, &c. — Fortifications of Nangasaki — Batteries of the Cavallos — Approach the Ship — Interesting interview — Reflections on Japan and the Japanese — Extracts from the voyage of the Morrison — Leave Nangasaki — Gig swamped, and loss of valuable Instruments — Arrival at Loo-Choo — Excursion into the Interior — City of Sheudi — Napa — Pootsoong — Entertained by the chief of Mandarins — Ramble through the town — Japanese Ship-building — Collegiate institutions — Want of cleanliness and attention to dress — Diet — Produce of the market — Presentation of a curious document denouncing the system of Surveying . . . Page 1

Chapter XII. Hong-kong And The Philippines

Leave Loo-Choo — Touch at Pa-tchung-san — Botel Tobago — Arrive at Hong-Kong— Refit and sail for Batan— Fall in with a Bremen wreck— Reach Manila— Nicholas Shoal— Make Term Day Magnetic Observations— Arsenal of Cavite— Fortune Island — Looe Bay —Lay in a store of wood— Fever causedjby the fermentation of wood when damp— Apo Island— Fall in with a nest of Pirates- Island of Mindoro— Skirmish in the Bay of Ylin— Convenience for obtaining supplies— Town of Mangarin— Garza Island— Semirara— Pirate Island— Panagatan Group— Shoal of fish— Cagayan- CONTENTS. XVII cillo — Inhabitants — Structure of the Islaud — Calusa — Samboanga — Inland Excursion — Country round Samboanga — Examination of Shoals extending from the Santa Cruz Islands — Courtesy of the Governor, Colonel Figueroa . . . 71

Chapter XIII. Islands Of The Mindoro And Sooloo Seas

Island of Malavi — Mode of felling trees — Visit to the Commandante — Fort of Pasanhan — Wood of Malavi — Course directed across the Mindoro and Sooloo Seas — Island of Kulassien — Cagayan Sooloo — Chase after two piratical-looking prahus — Dangerous navigation — Banguey — Geological structure — Balambangan — Harbours and general resources — Tanjong Agal-Agal — Useful properties of its Sea-weed — Dalrymple's account of Maludu and Kini Balu — The Black Peninsula — Encampment of Illanou Pirates — Ant Islands — Description of the Sumpitan and arrows — Tampassook river — Abai and Ambong — Visit from the Sultan of Tampassook — Return of the Royalist with supplies — Height of Kim Balu — Rivers Sulaman and Kawalan — Friendly disposition of the natives — Gaya Group — The rivers Kabatuan and Inanam — Interview withthe natives — The Kimanis River — Alarm the natives — Idaan Tribes — Membakut, Kula-lama and Kuala-panco Rivers — Bird Island ....... 106

Chapter XIV. Labuan To Mauritius

Coast of Bird Island — -Attack of Pirates — Revisit Labuan — Discovery of a Watering Bay — List of Rivers — Lines of Coal — Reach Sarawak — Death of Mr. Williamson — Detail of Massacre at Brunai — Loss of the Sultan Muda Hassim — Observations on the Trading Interests of Borneo — Letter from Mr. Jesse to the East India Company — Chinese located in the City of Brunai — Of the Mission about to sail for Borneo — Original Paper from Mr. Brooke, on the state of the Indian Archipelago, in 1838, bearing on the present aspect of affairs at Borneo — Leave Borneo; passing Tanjong Api and St. Pierre Islands — Land on Barren Island — Reach Singapore — Dullness of the town — Life and bustle introduced by CONTENTS. XVIII landing of the Ship's Crew — Description of the town — Division ol the Inhabitants — Manufacture of Pirate arms — Occupation of Pulo Brani, or Gage Island — Leave Singapore — Island of Billi ton — Strike on a rock — Dangerous situation of the Ship — Lighten the Ship of Guns and Spars, and escape into deep water — New Island named Pigeon Island — Dangers of the Caramata Channel — Reach Anjer, Straits of Sunda — Opinion relative to the erection of a Lighthouse— Arrive at Cocos or Keeling Islands — Sailing qualities of the Samarang class — Reach the Cargados (iarajos — Transactions there — Visit Mauritius . . 205

Chapter XV. Mauritius To England

Leave Mauritius — Pass Island of Bourbon — Cape of Good Hope — Simon's Bay — Illness of Lieut. Roberton— Left at sick quarters — Resurvey of Table Bay — Proposed construction of a Break-water — St. Helena — Terrific consequences of the rollers — Ascension Island — Excitement on nearing home — Violent Gale — Narrow escape of the ship— Reach Spithead— Ordered to Chatham — Paid off — Conclusion .... NATURAL HISTORY-

Chapter I. Cape De

VERDS— CAPE OF GOOD HOPE— JAVA. Porto-Praya — A Rainbow — Aspect of the Village — Negro Children — The Lion-ant — Vegetation of Santiago — The Bird of Pharaoh— The Fishing Eagle of Africa — The Gecko — Splendid Sun-set — Leave Porto-Praya — The Petrels — The Dolphin — Jelly-fish — Beautiful Physalia — Double the Cape — Simon s Bay — Scenery — Vegetation — The Honey-suckers — The Fishing Cormorant — Reptiles — The Sand-Mole — The Long-eared Fox— Singular habits of a Beetle — Insects fertilizing Flowers — Leave Simon's Bay — Eve on the Indian Ocean — Habits of the Pteropods — The Straits of Sunda — Transparent Crustaceans — Fecundity of the Ocean — Remarkable Crabs — Welcome Pay, Java — Scenery — Natives — Habits of the Plantain Squirrel — The Walking-leaf Insect — The Carrier-Trochus — Animal of Marginella . Page 225

Chapter II. Borneo

Arrive at Sarawak — Gigantic Orthoptera — Remarkable Insects — Curious habit of a Beetle — Prevalence of certain tribes of Insects — Butterflies — Insects used as Ornaments — A splendid Glow-worm — Instincts of Spiders— Singular Forms of — Habits of — The Close-eyed Gudgeon — The Fighting-fish of Siam — The Organ-fish — Curious Blenny — Thunder Storm — Tree struck by Lightning — A Man killed — The Crocodile — Nondescript Plant — Habits of the Musang — The Slow-paced Lemur — The Wou-Wou — The Flying Fox — The Pitcher Plant — Forest Scenery— Exuberant Vegetation — Aspect of the Woods by Day — Their appearance at Eve — Nocturnal chorus of Animals — Night Alarms — Gigantic Lizard — Beautiful Tree-Snake — Enormous Cobra — Capture of a CONTENTS. XX Python— Adventure with a Snake — Changeable Lizard — The Toke — The Chichak— The Grass Lizard — The Bingkaron— The Fringed Gecko— The Flying Dragon . . 251 251

Chapter III. Bashee And Meia-co-siiimah Groups

Macao — Its appearance from the Roads — Batan — A Marriage Feast — Rejoicings over the Dead — Exhibition of the Magic-Lanthorn — Appearance and Dress of the Women — Vegetation — Insects — Anecdote of a Spider — Pirate-Crabs — Story about a Land-Crab — Beautiful Molluscous Animal — Singular Crustacean — Sea-Eggs — Star-Fish — Red-blooded Worms — Sharks — Meia-co-sldmaliH — Lost in the Woods — Scenery — A natural Amphitheatre — Proposed scheme of abduction — Gratitude of the Natives — Mountain Scenery — The Screw-Pine — The Hibiscus, Banyan, Camelia, and other plants — Combination of Temperate and Tropical Forms — Palms — Bamboo — Torches — Edible Cryptogamic Plant — Vegetables — Reptiles — Blue-tailed Lizard— The Diodon — Enormous Octopi — The Kraken — Habits of Cephalopoda — Mollusca used as food — Modes of defence of Mollusks — Enemies of Mollusks — New Genus of Dorididæ — Habits of Crustaceans — Insects — Glow-Worm — The Centipede — The Scorpion — Spiders — Aspect of the Coralreefs — Zoophytes . . . . .285

Chapter IV. The Philippine Archipelago

Anecdote of a Python — Exploration of Sesarma — Curious Cavern — A ramble about Samboanga — Villages — Scenery — Vegetation — Aborigines of Mindanao — The Flying-Fox — Remarkable Crabs — Habits of Spiders — Insects — Mindoro — Hostility of the Natives — Use of the bow and arrow — Ylin — Poisonous Plant — Insects — Habits of Molluscous Animals . . . 322

Chapter V. The Sooloo And Molucca Archipelagos

Sooloo— Appearance of the People— Gigantic drum— The Tsjampaka— The Sooloos poison the water— Their fondness for Pearls— Fanciful origin of those concretions— The Sultan's fable respecting them— Sea-Snakes— Origin of " Great Sea-Serpent "—Water Spouts— CONTENTS. XXI Shells, and their inhabitants — Apo Island — Malay fishing village — Questionable character of its occupants — Shooting excursion in Basilan — Hostilities in the Island — Habits of Spiders — Curious Shell-fish — Unsang — Wild Animals — Apes — Gigantic Crane — Lace-Lizard — Crocodile — Insects — Celebes — Cape Rivers — Marine Animals — Manado — Forest Scenery — Adaptations — Anecdote of a Bee — Curious Insects — -Land-Crabs — Habits of Crustaceans — Island of Meyo — Whale — Turtles — Fish — Lizard — Shells — Ternate— The Malukus— Habits of Spiders . .347

Chapter VI. Singapore And Borneo

Singapore — The Sensitive Plant — The Nutmeg Tree — Gutta Percha — Trees yielding Caoutchouc — Jatropha Manihot — Gambier — Useful Plants — Lizards and other Animals — An Opium-smoker — Effects of Opium on the brain — Royal Children — Curious mode of catching Snakes — The Sun-birds — A Tree Slug — Cerithia — Dragon-flies — Nondescript Spider — Remarkable Caterpillar — The Horse-shoe Crab — A Land Lobster — Borneo — Excursion up the Linga — Scenery — Insects — The Long-nosed Monkey — Village of Bunting — The Balows — Dried Human Heads — Diseases — Excursion to Tungong — Native Boar -hunt — Singular Fish — Crabs and Shells -—Land-Crabs — Habits of Crustaceans . . 380

Chapter VII. Borneo

Ambong — The Badjows — The Illanons — Appearance of the Country — Wild Men in the Mountains — Tampassook — Scenery — The haunts of Pirates — New species of Lantern-Fly — Lantern-Flies not luminous — A Beautiful Flata — Gigantic Tent-Caterpillar — Habits of certain Ants — The dwellings of the White Ants — -Habits of Scarabi and other Mollusks- — Brunai — The Upas-Tree — The Pantai — Scenery of the River — A deserted Village — The Rajah's grave — Bats and other Animals — Bulungan — The Orang Sagai — Wild and cultivated Plants — -Terrestrial Leeches — The Nibong Palm — Vegetable Tallow — Aromatic Barks— Plants used for benumbing Fish — Singular mode of fishing — Insects — Leegeetan — Scenery — Poisonous Plants — Insects — Birds — Habits of Crusta- 406 ceans I i INTENTS. XXII

Chapter VIII

LOO-CHOO— KOREA— JAPAN. Loo-Choo— Mandarins— Visit a Missionary— Gardens of the Temples Burial-ground — Tombs — Loo-Chooan Females — Sheudi, the capital — Palace of the Viceroy— State of religion— Acquainted with Arms — Language — Money — Medicine — Korea— Physical appearance of the Natives— Costume— Moral Character— Arms- Boats — Punishments — An Anecdote — Beacon-fires — Island of Quelpart — Plants — Stone Images — Vegetation — Scenery — Birds — Fishes — Insects — Habits of Spiders — Molluscous Animals — Radiata — Sponges — Sama-Sana — Scenery — Vegetation — Insects—An Earthquake — Koumi — Scenery — Birds — Beetles — Grasshoppers — Japan — Physical appearance of the Japanese — Costume — Weapons — Shells — Volcanic Archipelago — Inhabitants ...... 439

Chapter IX. Borneo

Indian Butterfly-flower — Mangrove, Casuarina, and other trees — Birdcatching plant — Curious Tree-louse — Nidification of Pigeons — New Bulimus — Wasps' and Ants' nests — Borneon Mammifera — Haunts of Molluscous animals — Their Habits — Localities of certain fresh-water species — Habits of Crustaceans — Singular larvae — Instincts and varied forms of Spiders— Visit Kabatuan — Muda Mohammed — The Dusuns — Molluscous animals . . 477

Chapter X. Mauritius To England

Scenery and Vegetation of Mauritius — Æstivation of Tropical Mollusca — Great Indian Tortoise — Habits of the Dolabella — Singular species of Bullæa — St. Brandon Shoals — The Cocoa-nut — Aspect of the reef and islets — Sea-birds — Their habits and nidification — Instinct in Fish — Animal of Ancillaria — Pelagic skeleton Crustacea — Anomalous Zoæas — Cypridina Adamsii — Habits of Janthina — The Carinaria and Atlanta — The Hyalæa and Cleodora — The habits and development of the Argonaut — Insects at Sea — Concluding Remarks INDEX. Abai, harbour and river of, II., 135, 136. Abbey peak, Korea, height of, II., 353. Agal-Agal, Sea-weed, uses of, I., 329, note; II., 128. Agulhas Cape, shoal of fishes at, II., 206. Alcala, General, Captain-General of the Philippines, I., 100. Alceste, wreck of, II., 188.