The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Lambeth, etc. L.P

Front matter

HISTORY OF LAMBETH. PRINTED BY JOHN NICHOLS ANsl SON, 25. PARLIAMENT-STREET. For tke Histoiy of Lambeth. g? MAlf'l -;£BÆTM. P^hyJ.UZnSsmASAflcn . THE Jnstorp anti Antiquities OF THE PARISH OF LAMBETH, IND the ARCHIEPISCOPAL PALACE, IN THE COUNTY OF SURREY. INCLUDING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE MOST EMINENT AND REMARKABLE PERSONS WHO HAVE BEEN BORN, OR HAVE RESIDED THERE FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD. By THOMAS ALLEN. ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS. FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS AND RARE PRINTS, PRESERVED IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COLLECTIONS. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR J. ALLEN, 23, PRINCE'S ROAD, KENNINGTON, BY J. NICHOLS AND SON, PARLIAMENT-STREET; J. AND A. ARCH, CORNHHf R. JENNINGS, POULTRY; S1MPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS' COURT ; J. CARPENTER, BOND-STREET; AND J. MAJOR, FLEET-STREET. -MDCCCXXVII. Ts> F.R. S. F. S. A. KEEPER OF THE RECORDS IN THE AUGMENTATION OFFICE ; F. S. A. L. L. D. F. R. S. SEC.

S. A. KEEPER OF THE MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM ; AND F. S. A. LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND PERTH. ESQUIRES, INDIVIDUALLY AND COLLECTIVELY, THIS HISTORY IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR, AS AN HUMBLE TRIBUTE OF GRATITUDE FOR NUMBERLESS FAVORS RECEIVED DURING THE PROGRESS OF THE WORK, AND OF RESPECT FOR THEIR LIBERAL AND ENLIGHTENED CONDUCT IN FACILITAT- ING THE RESEARCHES OFTHOSE DESIROUS OF ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF OUR COUNTRY.

Preface

. ■**. Topography has progressively attained so ample a share of public notice, that it can scarcely be necessary at the present time to insist, with much labour of argument, on the real utility of Parochial History, or its powers of affording intelli gence beyond the pale of mere local description. I am fully aware of my own inability to add much to the stock of the experienced Antiquary and Topographer. How I have succeeded in the present undertaking I cheerfully sub mit to the judgment ofa candid and liberal public. Some apology is due to the Subscribers for the repeated and unforeseen delays which have attended the publication of this work. Those alone who have made the experiment will be aware how much more time Topographical Compilations call for in the event than in the prospect ; the wide dispersion of the materials, their continual dependance upon the dilatory communications of others, will exculpate me of indolence or mutability.

No one can be expected to devote the whole of his attention to his concerns with the public ; and there are occasions, which estrange the most industrious from their wonted pursuits. The work would have appeared sooner had not its progress been impeded by obstructions which it required sager experience than mine to foresee ; and over which I could have no control, viz. information necessary for the completion of the work, from persons often unwilling and still oftener neglectful of performing their promises. After all my care and trouble, however, there will be found b VI

PREFACE.

. A some persons so unreasonable, not to say unjust, as to find fault with the paucity of historical matter contained in this work, and tlie length to which I have extended notices of the Monumental Epitaphs in the Church. To all such I answer, it was my duty to relate facts ; and where can be found more important aids to the Genealogist and the general reader than the Monumental Inscriptions in our churches ? I am well per suaded, that from the Antiquary or Historian, or the respectable critics and journalists, I have nothing of this nature to dread. From all these I have experienced the most liberal treatment, not to say, in some cases, somewhat lavish praise. Those who know the difficulties attending Antiquarian and Topographical researches, will not condemn the present work, because their curiosity has not been gratified to its full extent ; those who know little or nothing of the matter, will indulge in ignorant censure and unreasonable reproaches.

As to the style and man ner of this works of this class, a late eminent writer observed, that " the admirers of fine writing, as it is often 'ridiculously called, have no right to look into works of this local nature "to be grati fied. The description of an ancient church may well enough awaken numerous important historic recollections ; but cannot, consistently, admit the graces of oratory, and the superior ele gancies of style and diction." It has been justly remarked by an author of some repute, that in a work like the present " the Author is, or ought to be, divested of all personal orprivate feeling; for he is performing a public task, and is amenable to the public tribunal. It is his duty to seek every opportunity to obtain correct and judicious information ; to impart that to his readers with fidelity ; and in every way to render his undertaking as nearly perfect as possible.

It is also the duty of the dignita ries and other temporary officers in public establishments (for each one is only a life trustee), to render every facility to the artist and the author, whose integrity is unimpeached, and whose^abilities are equal to his integrity. When this be done, the labours of the latter are made comparatively easy, and he

PREFACE.

. VII pursues his inquiries with cheerfulness to himself, and with respect and gratitude towards those who have forwarded his pursuits. On the other hand; when he is obliged to petition, and to entreat, to brook ' the insolence of office, ' and put up with ' the proud man's contumely, ' he is naturally irritated, and, may be excited to speak in unpleasant and harsh terms." It is, therefore, with extreme regret that I am, in justice to my self, obliged to observe that in many parts of this work I have been refused the information which generous and enlightened men would never have unreasonably withheld. And now to the pleasing task of returning thanks to those friends through whose means I am enabled to usher my work, in some degree complete, to the world ; and first To John Caley, Esq. F. S. A. I beg to return my most grateful thanks for the kind attention he paid to the work, and foi many favours which will always live in my remembrance.

The venerable Historian of the County, William Bray, Esq. F. S. A. obliged me with whatever additional matter had escaped insertion in his work. Nicholas Carlisle, Esq. Sec. S. A. in the kindest manner pro cured me access to several valuable repositories. C. G. Young, Esq. F. S. A. York Herald obliged me with much curious and valuable information, and afforded me every assistance in the Heraldic part ofthe work. To the liberality of J. Britton, Esq. F. S. A. I owed the pri vilege of examining his curious and extensive library. J. B. Nichols, Esq. F. S. A. obliged me with the loan of several plates, and attended to the work from its earliest period ; for these, and many other favours, which Topogra phers and Antiquaries can duly appreciate, I am very thank ful. To E. J. Carlos, John Kipling, F. S. A. ; and W. Upcott, Esquires, I beg to tender my thanks.

To Thomas Evans, Senior ; Thomas Evans, Junior ; James Harpur ; Ralph Lindsay ; Thomas Basset ; William Bryant ; preface. and Thomas Palmer, Esquires ; and the Gentlemen connected with the Law generally, I have to return my best thanks for much curious information received during the progress of the work. To some few others who requested their names not to be mentioned, I also return my thanks, as well as to the gentlemen connected with the press generally. Respecting the Engravings ; my first object was to procure as many original drawings as possible, in this I was aided by several of the gentlemen above-mentioned who allowed me to engrave from scarce drawings in their possession. The principal part of the wood-cuts have been engraved by W. Walker, Guildford-place, Spa-fields. I am conscious, that notwithstanding the pains and care which have been bestowed on the work to attain perfection, numerous errors and inaccuracies may have crept in ; but I trust that the Authenticity of the matter it contains, will, in a great measure, counterbalance its defects, and therefore cheerfully deliver it to the public, with the diffi dence naturally attendant on a first attempt in this arduous branch of literature.

T. A. 23, Prince' s-road, Kennington, May 1, 1826. N. B. The reader is requested to observe, that from page 1 , to lOi inclusive, was printed by Messrs. Poplett, Jewin-street, Cripplegate ; the remainder by Messrs. Nichols and Son, Par liament-street, Westminster. CONTENTS. Chapter I. Etymology — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Soil and Agricidture Page 1 Chapter II. Rectory and Rectors 11 Chapter III. The Church 29 Chapter IV. Monuments and Epitaphs in the Church and Churchyards . . 75 Chapter V. Historical Occurrences — Foundation qf a Collegiate Church, Sfc 155 Chapter VI. Historical Account qf the Manor qf Lambeth, and Lambeth Palace 171 Chapter VII. Historical and Biographical Notices qf the Archbishops qf Canterbury 242 Chapter VIII. Historical Account qf the Manors qf Kennington, Vauxhall, Stockwell, Sfc 255 Chapter IX.

Local History — St. John's, or Waterloo Church, District. . . 284? Chapter X. St. Mary's, or Lambeth Church District .". . . 322 Chatter XI. Si. Mark's, or Kennington Church District , .- '..... 376 b X contents. Chapter XII. St. Matthew's, or Brixton Church District — St. Luke's, or Norwood Church District Page 399

Appendix

. Monuments not in the Church 437 Parish Register. Poor Rate. Population. Land Tax. Roads. Parish Officers. Benefactions. ENGRAVINGS. Lambeth Church Frontispiece. Dedication iii Map of Lambeth Parish 1 Map ofthe Soil of Lambeth Parish 7 Rebus on Lambeth 10 Tomb qf Gilbert de Glanvylle 28 Lambeth Church, Plan of 29 David playing on Bells 43 Beacon on Lambeth Church 54 Font in ditto 56 Sculptures in Lambeth Church 61 Pedlar and his dog 62 Curious Hour Glass Stand 67 Ancient Sculpture in Lambeth Church , 72 Stained Glass in ditto 74 Arms qf Aspinall in ditto 91 Monument of Robert Scott, Esq. in ditto 100 Arms qf Peyntwin in ditto 101 Arms qf Mompesson in ditto ENGRAVINGS. XI i Brass of Thomas Clere in Lambeth Church Page 115 Brass of Lady Howard in ditto 116 Monument of Agnes Tydnam in ditto 120 Arms of Eldridge in ditto • 121 Arms of Goffton in ditto 127 Arms of Pratt in ditto , . 1 29 Arms of Rich in ditto 130 Arms oy Arundel in ditto 132 Arms of Morley in ditto .138 Arms of Wormall in ditto .138 Tradescant's Tomb I54, Rebus on Lambeth 170 Domesday Lambeth Manor 172 Lambeth Palace, 1647 180 Tomb of Abp.

Parker 211 Carving in Post-room 214. Niche on Lollards' Tower 215 Lollards' Prison, interior 216 Lollards' Prison, Plan of 217 Crypt in Lambeth Palace 219 Gate-house of ditto 225 Lambeth Palace from Gardens 229 Lollards' Towerjrom the River 241 Autographs of Archbishops, Plate 1 251 Ditto ditto Plate II " 253 Arms of the See of Canterbury 254 Domesday, Kennington Manor 255 Kennington Manor House 1636 260 Domesday, StockweU Manor 272 Autograph of King James 1 283 Royal Universal Infirmary 289 Ground Plan of St. John's Church 290 St. John's Church, Waterloo-road 290 Coburg Theatre 297 Ancient Building Lambeth Marsh 302 Ancient Ring 307 New Shot Manufactory 308 Plan of Site of Cuper's Gardens 309 Beaufoy's Distillery , 310 Patent Shot Manufactory 313 Applegath's Printing Press 318 St. Patrick's School 318 Trader's Token 321 Ditto. . . ditto 325 Astley's Amphitheatre 326 Carlisle House, circa 1660 334.

Carlisle House Boarding-school ENGRAVINGS. XII Asylum for Female Orphans Page 337 Norfolk House, circa 1660 340 Rectory House, 1768 342 Hereford House • • • 345 Verulam Chapel . . 348 Seal of Edward the Black Prince 350 Ditto ditto 350 Mummers 352 Long Barn • 352 Plan of Canute's Trench 358 Vauxhall Gardens, Plan of 364 Roman Utensil 367 CopthaU, or Vauxhall Manor-house 368 Lambeth Bridge, Plan of proposed 372 Asylum, Old 375 Gibbet-iron • • ■ 386 Ground Plan of St. Mark's Church 387 St. Mark's Church, Kennington 387 Tmdescant's House 393 Portraits ofthe Tradescants 394 Caron House ' 396 Autograph of WiUiam Hogarth 398 Autograph of Elias Ashmole, Esq 398 Brixton House of Correction 403 Tread Wheel, in ditto 405 Ground Plan of St. Mattheia.s Church 409 St. Matthew's Church, Brixton 409 Mausoleum in Brixton Church-yard 413 Ancient House at Stockwell 422 Ancient Gateway 422 Autograph of Lord Cromwell 428 Ground Plan of St. Luke's Church 430 St. Luke's Church, Norwood 430 Arms ofthe See of Canterbury 435 Monuments formerly in Lambeth Church 437 Brasses formerly in ditto 437 Arms of Hammond in Lambeth Church 442 Wood Engravings in Italic, all others in Roman.

Pedigrees. ?3» Pedigree of the Family of Leigli of Stockwell .'"^W. . . '277 Pedigree ofthe Earls "of Albemarle and Devon THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE PARISH AND PALACE OF CHAPTEIt I. Etymology — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Soil and Agriculture. ETYMOLOGY : T^HE name of this place has been variously written by ancient Historians. The earliest record extant, in which it is mentioned, is a Charter of King Edward the Confessor, dated 1062, confirming the several grants of the founder, and others, to the Abbey of Waltham, in Essex ; and amongst others, " Lambe-hithe, with all fields, pastures, meadows, woods and waters, thereto belonging." a In the Domesday Book it is written Lanchei, which is most probably a mistake; in the ancient Histoiians it is spelt Lamhee, Lamheth, Lam byth > Lamedh, and several other variations, the principal of * Monasticon Anglicanum, vol. ii. 121 a. I 1!

SITUATION. which were probably occasioned by the errors of transcribers. Most Etymologists derive the name from lam, dirt ; and hyb, or hySe, a haven. Dr. Ducarel differs with this expla nation of the name, and considers that it is derived from lamb, a lamb; and hyb, a kaven; but that eminent antiquary, Dr. Gale, derives it from the circumstance of its contiguity to a Roman road, or leman, which is generally supposed to have terminated at the River at Stangate, from whence was a passage over the Thames.1 The first derivation is generally adopted. Situation : — The Parish of Lambeth is situated on the South side of the river Thames, opposite to Westminster, in the Eastern Half-hundred of Brixton, in the County of Surrey. This Hundred was so denominated, from a stone or pillar erected by Brixi, a Saxon proprietor in these parts, and was memorable in his time as one of the boundary marks of a manor in Lambeth, belonging to the Abbey of Waltham, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, anno 1062.

How this Hundred came to be called Allington Hundred, as it is in the older Surveys of Morden, Speed, and Seller, does not appear; in our county books, and the modern maps of Senex and Bowen, it is known by the name of Brixton only.b Hundreds are mentioned in the Salic Law ; and the division of Counties into Hundreds is assigned to Alfred ; but this supposition appears to be erroneous, as the divisions of Tything and Shire existed in Britain some ages previous to the reign of that illustrious monarch ; and were recognized in the laws of Ina, King of the West Saxons, before the close of the seventh century. The Hundred was governed by an officer, who at stated periods held the Hundred Court, for the trial of causes arising within the Hundred ; subject, however, to the control of the King's Court ; deeds were read over in these courts for 3 Manning and Bray, iii. p. 461. b Id. p. 2C5^ BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. 3 the sake of evidence.

By the statute 14 Edw. III. the juris diction of these courts, particular franchises excepted, was transferred to the County Court.'-' Boundaries and Extent : — This Parish is bounded on the North by the river Thames ; on the East by Christchurch, St. George's, Newington and Camberwell Parishes ; on the South by Croydon Parish, and on the West by Streatham, Clapham and Battersea Parishes. According to a survey of this Parish, taken by Mr. Genway in the beginning of the last century, its Boundaries are as follows : From the landing-place at Lambeth.

Palace, northward and eastward, along the water-side to the Old Barge House, and thence on to the corner of St. George's Fields, and so on the westerly side of the Ditch, southward to the Lord Mayor's stone near the Dog and Duck, and then across the fields south-eastward Cleaving the ditch on the left hand) to Newington, and thence southward to Kennington Common, where it meets with Newington Parish, to the cross digged there in the ground, and thence south-west on the Common into Smith's field, to a cross dug there ; and thence south-westward three field's length, into Watch-house Fields, and so eastward to the east side of that field, and so on the south side a lane there ; thence south-westward across the fields to the back of Loughborough Gardens, where the parish mark is cut in an oak tree ; and from thence pass southward thirty rods, and thence eastward to Camberwell town, going through that which is or was Mr. Smith's house ; and thence along a lane near Dulwich, and so westward to Delver ; also Woodman's farm, and thence near two miles southerly to Vicar's Oak, at which oak meet the parishes of Lambeth, northward, Camberwell, eastward, Streatham, south-westward, and Battersea, south west by west ; and from this oak they go west by northward » Fosbroke's Enc. of Antiq. p. 404.

Grose, Supp. p. 161. Faulkner's Kensington, 4to, p. 6, BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. to Norwood Gate, and thence south-westward to Streatham Common (to avoid a wood) and thence north-westward to the Windmill House ; and thence through a wood west and by southward to Cole's farm, which leaving to the north-eastward, they pass about south south-west to the road leading from London to Croydon ; and crossing the road they go west by north to Bleak Hall, and thence on the same point to Broom Hill, and so eastward about forty rods to the road ; and thence turning due west they go to the road that leads to Kennington, and eastorly along that road to Nine Elms, and thence south westward about thirty rods towards Battersea, and thence backward into the road, and through Vauxhall to the Thames, and so along the water side to the plying-place near the Church at Lambeth.

The perambulating of the boundaries of parishes in Rogation week, is of very ancient origin, and is one of those old usages which is still retained by the Reformed Church ; previous to the Reformation the parochial perambulations were attended with great abuses, and, therefore, when processions were for bidden, the useful part only of them was retained. We appear to have derived it from the French ; for we find, that Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, first ordered them to be observed about the middle of the fifth century, upon the prospect of some particular calamity that threatened his diocese." In Gibson's Codex of Ecclesiastical Law, we find, that by an injunction of Queen Elizabeth, it was ordered: " That the people shall, once a year, at the time accustomed, with the curate and substantial men of the parish, walk about the parishes as they were accustomed, and at their return to church, make their common prayers ; provided that the curate in the said common perambulation, as. heretofore, in the days of Rogations, at certain convenient places shall admonish the people to give God thanks in the beholding of God's benefits, forthe increase and abundance of his fruits upon the face of the earth, with » Le Cointe Annal.

Eccles. Franc, torn. I. p. 285. B3UNDARIES AND EXTENT. 5 the saying of the 104th Psalm, &c. ; at which time also the said minister shall inculcate this and such like sentences, ' Cursed be he which translateth the bounds and doles of his neighbour;' or such other order of prayer as shall be hereafter appointed." There does not, however, appear to be any law by which the observance of this custom can be enforced, nor can the Ecclesiastical Judges oblige the churchwardens to go their bounds ; this is a growing evil, which can only be reme died by an Act of Parliament/ The last time this Parish was perambulated was in 1816, it is usual to go round the bounds every seven years. Lambeth Parish is nearly eighteen miles in circumference ; in length it is about six miles and a half ; and its greatest breadth' is about two miles.

In the Domesday Survey it is said to contain twenty plough lands and a half. By a land scot levied in 16 — ,b it appears to have contained 1,261 acres of arable land, 1,026 of pasture, 125 of meadow, 13 of ozier, 37 of garden ground, and 150 of wood; total of the whole, 2,612 acres. In the beginning ofthe last century, the land lying waste in the several Commons within the Parish was estimated as follows : — Kennington Common, 24 acres, much esteemed for the quality of its grass ; Norwood, 163 acres ; Norwood Com mon, 200 acres; Hall Lane, 7 acres ; Knight's Hill Green, 10 acres; Half Moon Green, 9 acres; Rush Common, 62 acres; Stockwell South Common, 5 acres ; South Lambeth, and Stockwell North Common, 10 acres ; total 490 acres, in commons and waste lands, which being added to the former total, will make the total amount, 3,102 acres.

It is estimated, that the arable exceeds the grass land in the proportion of six to four, and the meadow about a fourth part of the latter.' a Faulkner's Kensington, 4to, p. 5. 6 Churchwardens Book of Accounts. e Lysons' Env. vol. i. p. 257. V BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. The following List of the Streets, Lanes, &c. in this Parish in the year 1718, is copied from a curious old document the orthography has been preserved." Streets, Lanes, Courts, Alleys, &c. in the Year 1718. Bishop's Liberty Church street, and therein Brook's yard, Nevil's yard, Black boy alley, Maid lane, Dog and bear alley, and therein Red lion yard. Cocket's alley. Fore street, and therein, Back lane,b and therein, Bell yard, Lion-in-the-wood lane, or Paradise Row, Harper's alley, King's head yard, Howard's yard, Three coney walk,c Gray's walk.

Prince's Liberty: Bull alley, Part of Fore street, and therein, Charing cross yard, Sansom's yard, New street, Black boy alley, Angel alley, vulgarly called Laurence lane, Lambeth butts, Kennington. Frying pan alley. Soho yard, Three mariner's alley, Kettleby's rents. Fox- Hall Liberty : Fox-hall, or Vauxhall, South Lambeth. Kennington Liberty : Kennington, Kennington Common. Marsh Liberty: The Narrow wall from Cuper's Bridge, to Standgate, and therein Crown court, College street, Vine street, Lambeth Marsh. Standgate, Lime tree court, ' Nichols's Lambeth, p. 25. » Now called High Street. c Now Lambeth Walk. n T. fflen.DeliJt Scnlp! of I X..S, . SOU. AND AGRICULTURE. Wall Liberty : The Narrow wall from the King's St. George's Fields. Old Barge house to Cuper's Gardens, Stockwell Liberty Stockwell town, Brixton causeway.

Dean's Liberty Part of Camberwell town. All the rest consists of land, as also the rest of Stockwell Liberty. Soil and Agriculture: — The Soil of this Parish is various; about Stockwell, Dulwich Hill, and North Brixton, it is a strong dark clay upon gravel and sand, and a brick earth: Near Norwood, and from thence to Brixton Hill, it consists principally of a sandy loam intermixed with clay ; the remainder of the Parish is composed of a pale clay, which varies but little ; at the extremity, towards Croydon, a well was sunk 300 feet deep, through an unvaried stratum of argil laceous blue earth into a sub soil of sand, from which the water rose to the top and overflowed within twelve hours, and con tinued to do so for some years, but is now twenty or thirty feet below the surface. There were formerly several mineral springs in this Parish, but which have now fallen iuto disuse ; the water at the Dog and Duck, in St. George's Fields, was a weak cathartic, it contained portions of Epsom and sea salts, with one-twelfth of the residuum of insoluble matter.

At Balham Hill and Brixton Causeway wells have been dug 200 feet deep, running almost the whole way through a bed of oyster-shells cemented by clay. At the side of the Wands worth road is a spring which has never been known to freeze, even in the hardest winters, the steps to which are kept in re pair by the Trustees of the roads. Agriculture was anciently very imperfectly understood in England. Froissart relates, that he saw, in the year 1372, ? SOIL AND AGRICULTURE. great fleet arrive in a French port from this country, for a supply ef corn and wine ; and a French writer, at the end of the fifteenth century, asserted, that we were dependant on France for our daily bread : " De sorte que la France peut se vanter d'avoir entre ses mains la disette et l'abondance de ce royaume." As late as the reign of James I. there was a regular importation of corn from the Baltic, as well as from France ; and if it ever stopped, the bad consequences were sensibly felt by the nation.

Sir Walter Raleigh computes that two millions sterling went out for corn at one time.a The following is a list of the principal rare Plants found wild within the Parish of Lambeth.b At or near Vauxhall, Anchusa sempervirens, Evergreen Alhanet. About Stockwell hedges, Convallaria multiflora, Common Solomon's Seal. About Lambeth Marsh, Epilobium roseum, Pale smooth-leaved Willow-herb. About Norwood, Rhamnus Frangula, Berry-bearing Alder ; Chenopodiuru hybridum, Maple-leaved Goose-foot; Bunium flexuosum, Earth Nut, or, Pig Nut; Convallaria majalis, Lily of the valley; Sedum telephium, Orpine, or, Live-long ; Aquilegia vulgaris, Columbine ; Digitalis purpurea, Purple Fox-glove ; Orobanche major, Great Broom-rape; Hieracium murorum, Wall Hauk weed, or, Golden Lungwort ; Hieracium sabaudum, Shrubby broad-leaved Hawkweed; Orchis bifolia, Butterfly Orchis; Quercus sessiliflora, Sessile-fruited Oak ; Ruscus aculeatus, Butcher's Broom ; Blechnum boreale, Rough Spleen-wort ; Polypodium vulgare, Common Polypody ; and Trichostomum fontiualioides, Hirer Fringe-moss, at the side of the Thames at Lambeth.

Dr. Featley, Rector of this parish in the reign of Charles I. says, that of the land in this Parish, there was wont formerly a Faulkner's Kensington, 4to, p. 16. Le Grand, Vie Privee des 'Francais, ii. -100. Hume, vii. 44. b Manning and Bray's Surrey, vol. SOIL AND AGRICULTURE. 9 to be 1,000 acres in tillage ; but then there were not more than 120, the parishioners turning their arable land into pasture for cow-keeping. a By a Survey, made a few years ago, it appears that the Parish contains about 4,000 acres ; divided as follows : — Wharfs and Timber-yards 20 Acres Manufactories . 100 Public Gardens 15 Gardens to private houses, and pleasure grounds 400 Market Gardens ., 80 Gardens tilled by the plough . . . 300 Nursery Grounds 40 Meadow 630 Pasture 190 Arable 540 Wood lately inclosed at Norwood 134 Commons divided by the late Inclosure Act. . . . 250 Commons at Keunington and South Lambeth . . 30 The sites of about 7,000 Houses and other Buildings, Roads, &c. about 1,271 Total 4,000 " It has been estimated, that at the latter end of the last century, the Market Gardeners occupied about 250 acres, upon which all kinds of vegetables were grown for the London markets ; but since the rapid increase of buildings, they have considerably diminished.

The following Statement will shew the increase of Buildings in the Parish, during the last 100 years ; and it is worthy of remark, as being a proof of the increasing J Dr. Featley's Spongia, p. 13. b Manning and Bray, vol. iii. p, 463. r houses. prosperity of the Parish, that iu the first ninety years there was an increase of only 5,600 ; but it appears, by the Parlia mentary Papers, that within the last ten years the total number of Houses within the Parish has been doubled. In 1719 there were about 1,400 Houses.1 1778 2,270 — 1786 2,600 — 1800 5,009 — 1810 7,000 — 1811 7,704 — 1822 14,000 Manning and Bray, vol. iii. p. 403. RECTORY. 11

Chapter II

Rectory and Rectors. RECTORY : THE Advowson of the Parish Church of St. Mary, Lambeth, together with the Manor, formerly belonged to the Countess Goda, the sister of Edward the Confessor. Part of the Manor was given to the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by Eustace Earl of Boulogne, who was second husband of the Countess, reserving to himself the patronage of the Church ; * it was taken from the Convent by Harold ; and at his death William the Conqueror seized it, and gave part to Odo, Bishop of Baieux ; but afterwards restored it with the Church to the Convent; which grant was confirmed in almost the same words by W^illiam Rufus. In the year 1197 the Bishop and Church of Rochester granted the Manor of Lambeth, with the Advowson, to Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his successors, in exchange for the Manor of Darente, and other premises ; b and it has been annexed to the See of Canterbury ever since.

The Benefice is a Rectory, in the Deanery of Southwark, Archdeaconry of Surrey, and Diocese of Winchester : And in the Liber Valor of 20 Edw. I. anno 1292, it is rated at 45 ' Reg. Roffen. p. 2. b Rymer's Fœdera, vol. i. p. 89—00. Cart. Antiq. c. 18. Car tulary ofthe See of Canterbury, Bodleian Library, p. 55, 57, 61, 62, 184, 186. Regist. Lamb. Warham, f. 148 o b. MSS Library, Lambeth Palace, Cart. Miscell. vol. xi. No. 17—22. RECTORY. marks, besides paying a pension to the Bishop of Rochester of £. 3. 6s. 8rf. ; ** quit rent to the Archbishop, 2s. Id. ; synodals, 2s. Id. ; procurations, and to the Archdeacon, Is.lld. The Valuation taken by the Commissioners of Henry VIII, 26 August 1535, is as follows : The Mansion of the Rectory, with one house, £. s. d. garden, aud half acre of land 1 6 8 The churchyard us the said church, by the year. .004 12 quarters frumenti [wheat] at 6s. 8d. £. s. d. each 4 0 0 20 quarters siliginis [tye] at 4s. 8d. 4 13 4 20 quarters ordei [barley] at 3s. 8rf. 3 13 4 60 quarters avenarum [oats] at 2s. 6 0 0 18 6 8 Tithe of wool and lambs 0 .10 0 pomorum, pirorum, & volemorum [apples, pears, and warden pears]. .. . 0 2 0 porcellorum et aucarum [pigs and geese] 0 13 4 32 virgat. fœni [qu. loads of hay] 6 0 0 eggs 0 1 4 wax and honey 0 0 4 piscium recentium capt, in Thamesio [fresh fish taken in the Thames] .... 1 10 o domorum jacentium infra paroch' ib'm juxta 8d, de nobili, 4 marcæ 2 13 4 pro lactagiis [dairy] 1 0 8 valet etiam ut patet per le Ester boke cum oblationibus ex dev6tione [Easter Book] 4 5 0 ' This last item must be a mistake in the M.S. or transcriber, there being no corroborative proof of the Rector's income being subject to any other pension, than five marks to the Bishop of Rochester.