The opening of Chapter I
CHMIELNICKI AND THE PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS OF POLAND BY THE COSSACKS.
Condition of the Jews in Poland before the Outbreak of
Persecution--Influence of the Jesuits--Characteristics of
Poles and Jews--The Home of the Cossacks--Repression of the
Cossacks by the Government--Jews appointed as Tax Farmers
--Jurisdiction of the Synods--The Study of the Talmud in
Poland--Hebrew Literature in that Country becomes entirely
Rabbinical--Character of Polish Judaism--Jews and Cossacks
--Chmielnicki--Sufferings of the Jews in Consequence of
his Successes--The Tartar Haidamaks--Fearful Massacres
in Nemirov, Tulczyn, and Homel--Prince Vishnioviecki--
Massacres at Polonnoie, Lemberg, Narol, and in Other Towns--
John Casimir--Lipmann Heller and Sabbataï Cohen--Renewal of
the War between Cossacks and Poles--Russians join Cossacks
in attacking the Jews--Charles X of Sweden--The Polish
Fugitives--"Polonization" of Judaism page 1