Flora of the Sudan (part 3 of 4)

Flora of the Sudan (part 3 of 4)

Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long slender petioles, elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. broad. Infl. roundish, with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).

=D. palmata= Engl.

Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. Petioles 2-4 in. long; leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or 3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly triangular, up to 1½ in. long; apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & Mangob).

352 =Ficus palmata= Forsk.

Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. ovate-acuminate or ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 in. long. Receptacles axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous others round the opening into the receptacle (ostiole).

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; Abwo stream, 8,200 ft.).

=F. Sycomorus= Linn. GAMEIZ—Arab; FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN (Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM (Tagele) & INDYEIK (Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk.

Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. long, subentire, sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on older wood; basal bracts 2, ostiolar bracts numerous.

Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El Mesherif); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and household utensils. Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient Egyptians for mummy cases.

=F. capensis= Thunb. N’GAB (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo.

Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, 2½-9 in. long; pet. up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, villous, caducous. Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on old wood, each obovoid, up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts round prominent ostiole numerous, hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).

Fruit edible.

=F. Vallis-Choudæ= Del.

Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. 1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ in. long, deciduous. Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, pear-shaped; basal bracts small and caducous; ostiolar bracts numerous coriaceous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).

=F. gnaphalocarpa= A. Rich.

Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 in. long, coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 in. long; stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled or scattered over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. long, horizontal across orifice and retrorse inside it.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=F. capreæfolia= Del. GUEIR or SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg.

Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, 3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary, solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered on ½ in. long peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into the orifice.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River near Matamma); between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, Mittu-land: Roah River).

Fruit edible.

=F. urceolaris= Welw.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, caudate, 4-9 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on young shoots; basal bracts minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole large, bracts imbricate, mucilaginous, hyaline.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the Nabambisso River).

=F. storthophylla= Warb.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole large and slightly protruding, bracts numerous in and around the orifice.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru River).

=F. sciarophylla= Warb.

Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, acuminate, 6-12 in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. long or more; stip. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, glabrous. Receptacle not known.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).

=F. salicifolia= Vahl. UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; TINGALIGALI (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves lanceolate, veins reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. Receptacles axillary crowded in pairs on short peduncles; basal bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed by bracts.

Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kadugli, J. Daier); Darfur Prov.

=F. ingens= Miq.

Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, shining; pet. 1 in. long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., axillary, paired; basal bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 imbricate bracts.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=F. ingentoides= Hutchinson.

Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. Receptacles axillary on old wood, ½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; ostiolar bracts imbricate, visible outside.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.).

=F. polita= Vahl.

Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, rounded or subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths on old wood, 1½ in. diam., wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, ostiolar bracts retrorse inside orifice.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, Mittu: Mvolo).

=F. ovata= Vahl.

Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, 7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. 2 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. Receptacles in axillary pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young by lid-like basal bracts; ostioles small; bracts all internal.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & Mansilli River); Belgian Congo.

=F. glumosa= Del. TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI (J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo.

Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. Receptacles axillary, paired, ¼ in. diam., basal bracts small; ostiole small, prominent; bracts internal.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Fung Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit).

The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making bird-lime. The fruit is eaten.

=var. glaberrima= Martelli. SĒMOK—Hadendowa.

More glabrous than above.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Wau).

In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for tanning and also for making native cloth.

=F. Thonningii= Blume.

Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, 2-9 in. long, chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, ½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, ovate; ostiole small, boss-like, bracts all internal.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).

=F. populifolia= Vahl. SHEIALA (Dilling)—Nuba.

Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. Leaves rotundate, cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. long; stip. caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-4 together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, minute; ostiolar bracts all included.

Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky hills); Darfur Prov.

Fruit edible.

=F. mittuensis= Warb.

Differs from following by the prominent umbilical ostiole and the bifurcate midrib of the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).

=F. abutilifolia= Miq.

Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 in. long and broad; pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; stip. caducous. Recept. axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, mottled; basal bracts, rim or cup-like; ostiolar bracts all included.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=F. vasta= Forsk.

Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3-14 in. long, tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, 2 larger than the others.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).

=F. congensis= Engl. KANGARU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur.

Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. long. Receptacles axillary, in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: between Tonj & Wau, Bongo: Gir).

=F. discifera= Warb. KAURDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, 2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. probably axillary near ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts connate-saucer-shaped; ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger.

Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).

=F. platyphylla= Del. KURUWANG (J. Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande.

Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiolar bracts all included.

Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El Jebel.

The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no commercial value. The Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex clean their brass ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for making bark cloth and ropes.

=F. iteophylla= Miq.

Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at each end, 1½-4 in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous lanceolate, small. Recept. axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=F. Dekdekena= A. Rich. UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL (Sennar)—Arab; NIHING (Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & THARAT—Hameg.

Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, ciliate. Recept. axillary in pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 larger than rest.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna, near Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=F. Carica= Linn. SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. The Cultivated Fig.

It is said to yield a rubber.

Cultivated for its fruit.

353 =Antiaris sp.=

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginze).

354 =Treculia africana= Decne.

Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its height. Leaves alt., elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. caducous, lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, capitate in both sexes, arranged on outside of and densely surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy receptacle. Male heads axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. Fruit a syncarp up to twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside when ripe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers).

The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a paste and cooked by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, weighing from 13-18 lbs. It has been estimated that a fruit may contain 1,500 seeds, each about the size of a haricot bean.

=URTICACEÆ.=

355 =Fleurya æstuans= Gaud.

Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or 6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate or slightly cordate, 3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Infl. an axillary long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, the small clusters bisexual and male on the same panicle, rarely male on separate peduncles. Male fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments larger.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

356 =Urera sp.= HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab.

Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in appearance.

Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., under shade).

The branches having large pith cavities are cut and used as rosaries on the West Coast.

357 =Bœhmeria platyphylla= D. Don.

Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly ovate, acuminate, cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely white-hispid above; pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than leaves, either simple with male and fem. fl., or branched with male fl. on some branches and both sexes on others.

Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).

=var. ugandensis= Rendle.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

358 =Parietaria debilis= Forst.

Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, ⅓-1½ in. long, base 3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in sessile pairs of cymules in leaf-axils, polygamous, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).

359 =Pouzolzia mixta= Solms.

Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, white-tomentose beneath; pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered in leaf-axils, fem. fl. solitary among the numerous males.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

360 =Forskohlea tenacissima= Linn. LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab.

Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, hooked hairs. Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 in. long, 3-nerved at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; pet. ½ length of blade. Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a campanulate involucre.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan and other rocky hills).

The bark yields a strong fibre.

=F. viridis= Ehrenb.

Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly toothed, ½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum Prov.

=CANNABINACEÆ.=

361 =Cannabis sativa= Linn. HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab.

The common hemp.

Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of the official drug.

=CELASTRACEÆ.=

362 =Gymnosporia senegalensis= Lam. YO’OI or YOI—Arab; GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo.

Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, usually 2, sometimes 3-valved.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.).

=var. obovata= Loes.

Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

=var. inermis= A. Rich.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=var. spinosa= Loes.

Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).

The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery.

=G. cf. G. senegalensis= Lam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse).

=G. sp.= HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.

Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

363 =Elæodendron æthiopicum= Oliv. =var. Burkeanum= Loes.

Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, apiculate drupe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.=

364 =Hippocratea cymosa= De Wild & Dur. =var. Schweinfurthiana= Loes.

Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long, leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong- oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli).

=H. obtusifolia= Roxb. LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo.

Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small, bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).

365 =Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ= Hochst.

Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit baccate, 1-3 celled.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.

=S. sp.=

Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye).

=SALVADORACEÆ.=

366 =Dobera Roxburghii= Planch. MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.

Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white- pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.

Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov.

The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.

367 =Salvadora persica= Linn. EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.

Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free.

Throughout the Sudan.

The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish.

=OLACACEÆ.=

368 =Ximenia americana= Linn. KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.

Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short- stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood).

=OPILIACEÆ.=

369 =Opilia amentacea= Roxb. KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; ZEBALABA—Golo.

Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary, bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov.

=LORANTHACEÆ.=

370 =Loranthus curviflorus= Benth.

Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves opp. or alt., linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels solitary 4-6 flowered; peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5 separate petals reflexed above the middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long, inserted near base of petals. Fr. baccate.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.).

=L. Acaciæ= Zucc. GULA (Blue Nile), ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) & ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong to lanceol.-oblong, 1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Fl. 5-merous, gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at base; lobes reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of base.

Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad El Merakh); Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. (Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba).

Good camel fodder. Host plants are Cordia Rothii, Acacia Seyal, Sesbania ægyptiaca, Tamarix articulata, Acacia Suma, Zizyphus mucronata.

=L. Dregei= Eckl. & Zeyh. =var. kerenicus= Sprague.

Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate-oblong to suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads axillary, fascicled, 2-4 flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; cor. 2 in. long, densely silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes reflexed from ab. the middle; anthers linear, 2-horned.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

Parasitic on Combretum Hartmannianum.

=L. djurensis= Engl.

Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 in. long. Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube funnel-shaped, split down one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. long, strap-shaped, separating from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. long, inserted high up.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River).

=L. platyphyllus= Hochst.

Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, lanceolate to obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary 5-8 flowered; cor. orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one side, shorter than lobes which are erect, separating from below upwards.

Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District).

=L. globiferus= A. Rich. =var. verrucosus= Sprague. AMAU—Jur.

Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ in. long, thick. Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. 1½ in. long, swollen above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one side; cor. lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short.

Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Atem Branch at Jonglei).

The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal Province for making a lotion for itch.

Host plants are Khaya senegalensis, Zizyphus mucronata, Cratæva religiosa and Acacia tortilis.

=var. salicifolius= Sprague.

Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.)

Parasitic on a Cordia.

=L. Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 flowered; cor. under 1½ in. long, pilose outside, swollen at each end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down; lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas).

Parasitic on Ficus platyphylla Del.

=L. celtidifolius= Engl.

Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves opp. or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary or ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon- shaped; filam. toothed.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft).

=SANTALACEÆ.=

371 =Thesium Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Spreading perennial, up to 9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves ab. ¾ in. long, linear, keeled. Infl. arranged raceme-like at ends of short branches and subtended by ⅓ in. long bract and 2 small bracteoles; per. minute, green, 4-5 lobed, valvate, hairy at tip; st. 4-5 small. Fr. globose, 10-ribbed, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Khor Mulmul).

=RHAMNACEÆ.=

372 =Zizyphus orthacantha= DC.

Shrub or small tree, armed or unarmed. Leaves oblong to orbicular, 3-5 nerved from the base, glabrous above, shortly ferruginous-tomentose below and on extremities. Flowers greenish, in small axillary cymes. Fruit edible.

Kordofan Prov. (Masgul & J. Sungor); Upper Nile Prov. (Kodok).

=Z. abyssinica= Hochst.

Differs from above in its broadly ovate, acute leaves, very oblique at the base and 2-5 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas: Bongo-land: Sabbi); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

=Z. Spina-Christi= Lam. SIDDIR & NABAK—Arab; BUSA (fruit GHOT)—Hameg.

Very thorny shrub; prickles usually one straight and one recurved. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, equal at the base, crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. long. Fruit edible.

Khartoum Prov. (6th cataract); Blue Nile Prov. (Eilafun); North Sudan.

=Z. mucronata= Willd. SIDDIR, & NABBAK EL FIL—Arab; GABĀT & TAGABA—Hadendowa; KASSLA—Rashida; KWAII (Dilling), TITTAWYI (J. Eliri) & TINGRA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LĀNG—Shilluk; LANGI & LUKATI—Bari; LĀNG (Kaka & Kenissa) or LĀNT (Kenissa) & LANF (Renk)—Dinka; BWAU—Nuer; OM KURSAN—Hameg.

Small tree or large shrub, armed or unarmed. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate mucronate, crenate-serrate. Cymes 10-20 flowered.

Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Provinces; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

The fruit is edible; the wood is light pink in colour, hard and durable.

373 =Mæsopsis sp.=

Tree 20 ft.; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4-4½ in. long, 2-2½ in. broad, glabrous. Young fruits globose, small, with the style persistent.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=AMPELIDACEÆ (or VITACEÆ).=

374 =Ampelocissus abyssinica= Hochst.

Woody climber; leaves 3-lobed, glabrous, rotundate-cordate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River).

=A. cavicaulis= Pl.

Leaves large, palmate to pedate-partite, 5 principal lobes reaching ⅔ or ¾ of the way down.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=A. pentaphylla= Pl.

Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-5 partite, lobes linear, loosely serrate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. & Madi).

=A. Grantii= Pl.

Climber; leaves almost rotundate, slightly or deeply 5-lobed.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).

=A. Schimperiana= Hochst.

Strong woody climber. Leaves large, slightly 5-lobed, rufous-villous when young. Fruit oblong, edible.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=A. cinnamochroa= Pl.

Much like the preceding.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=A. bombycina= Pl.

Leaves distinctly 3-5 lobed with rounded sinuses; young shoots densely silky-tomentose; stems herbaceous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=A. sarcocephala= Pl.

Leaves 5-partite; segments lanceolate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

375 =Cissus populnea= Guill. & Perr.

Leaves almost rotundate, undivided, slightly mucronate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Dar Fertit).

Large creeper used for jungle ropes.

=C. bignonioides= Schweinf.

Fairly large climber with corky stems; leaves ovate, cordate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River).

=C. rubiginosa= Pl. KISKI—Zande.

Leaves almost pentagonal, denticulate; leaves and shoots with dense silky rusty tomentum.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kishi River).

=C. producta= Afzel. BULAKOLIN (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; YIAD—Jur.

Ascending undershrub or woody climber; leaves simple, lanceolate; joints thickened.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

The tubers, which are spindle-shaped, are used by Dinkas against tse-tse bites on animals, an emulsion of crushed tubers and water is rubbed over the animals’ bodies and a small quantity is also given to them to drink as a preventive.

=C. cornifolia= Baker.

Sub-erect undershrub, densely ferruginous when young. Leaves 3-nerved, palmate or ovate.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (near J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Fruit edible.

=C. quadrangularis= Linn. SALA’ALA’A or SALALA—Arab; METOWI—Rashida; KĀT-UT—Hadendowa; ATETE (J. Daier) & ULGYIN (Dilling)—Nuba; MOJUNGI—Bari; ARENG (L. Powendael), & ARNIK (Kenissa & Renk)—Dinka; MEREKOTI—Golo; MERISH—Hameg; MUNDA—Burun; DEUGANAI—Nuer.

Climber with fleshy quadrangular stem, leafless part of the year. Leaves ovate to 3-lobed.

Throughout the greater part of the Sudan, especially Nubia.

A preserve of stem, boiled in water, is said to be a useful stomachic. The juice is used by camel-men to cleanse and heal saddle-galls, and other sores of camels. In the Bahr El Ghazal it is said to be used for poisoning arrows.

=C. palmatifida= Baker.

Sub-erect, woody. Leaves 3-5 lobed, often cut deep down; finely villous on upper and densely grey matted on under surface. Petals 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: below Dimoh & Atena River).

=C. aralioides= Welw.

Climber, woody below, glabrous. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets oblong or slightly obovate 2-3 in. long, faintly denticulate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=C. Ibuensis= Hook. f. LIF—Arab.

Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., irregularly serrate-dentate; fruit size of a pea.

Nile (between Khartoum & Berber); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov.

=C. alnifolia= Schweinfth.

Herb 6 ft. high. Leaves simple, sessile, ovate-orbicular, 5 in. broad, denticulate, puberulous below; stipules triangular, acute, ⅓ in. long. Cymes terminal, glandular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kuddu).

=C. juncea= Webb.

Stem erect; leaves sessile; leaflets 3, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 in. long, membranous. Root tuberous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=C. crinita= Planch.

Stem hairy; leaves long 3-5 fol.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=C. crotalaroides= Schwfth.

Erect undershrub. Leaves sessile. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5-6 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, doubly serrate, puberulous below. Fruits pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Deim Zubeir & Jur-land: Zeriba Abu-Gurun).

=C. adenantha= Fresen. LODOREH—Bari.

Green climber; leaves pedate, with 4-7 leaflets.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=C. adenocaulis= Steud.

Stem, woody, trailing; leaves compound, one terminal leaflet and one pair on either side, or, sometimes, 7 leaflets.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands).

=C. Schweinfurthii= Pl.

Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets oblanceolate, repand-dentate, about 4 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, shortly pubescent below. Cymes tomentose. Tendrils much twisted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Addai).

=C. serpens= Hochst.

Stout herbaceous climber. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol.; sessile or short- stalked. Leaflets obovate-lanceolate, irregularly inciso-dentate, the veins beneath grey-downy.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Umlabia).

=C. pallida= Wight. & Arn. ABANGIUR—Dinka; DELE—Golo.

Trailing or slightly climbing, semi-woody shrub. Leaves cordate, not lobed, faintly denticulate, glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=C. mossambicensis= Klotzsch.

Woody climber. Leaves orbicular or reniform, more or less entire to deeply 5-lobed, with irregular, mucronate teeth. Flowers in densely compound lateral cymes.

Mongalla Prov.

=C. gracilis= Guill. & Perr.

Slender climber. Leaves pedate; leaflets 5, the shorter forked, all thin of texture.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=C. intricata= Baker. LIF or LUFA—Arab.

Slender woody climber; leaflets 3-5, pedate, firmly membranous. Flowers in 4-6 in. broad cymes.

White Nile Prov.

=C. Thonningii= Baker.

Leaves 3-5 fol., serrate; leaflets distinctly stalked, edges loosely crenate. Flowers in lax, branched cymes. 4-6 in. broad.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).

=C. Figariana= Webb.

Erect, hairy undershrub. Leaves 5-7 fol.

Nubia.

=C. cyphopetala= Pres.

Climber with puberulous stems and softly tomentose serrate leaflets and broad open cymes of small flowers.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

=RUTACEÆ.=

376 =Ruta tuberculata= Forsk.

Herb with tubercled glands; leaves linear, with pellucid glands. Flowers usually 5-merous; petals entire.

Nubia; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert); Khartoum Prov. (Halfaya); White Nile Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora-hills).

Yields a volatile oil, which may act as an irritant when the plant is handled.

377 =Teclea nobilis= Hook. f. FURFURRUK (J. Daier)—Nuba; FIK—Bari; SEKIA—Golo.

Unarmed large shrub or small tree; leaves 3-fol., large. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile in branching panicles shorter than leaves. Female flowers in short axillary spikes.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Wau, Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Mittu-land: by the Rohl River); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

The wood is used for spear shafts in Bahr El Ghazal and for bark mallets in Uganda.

377a =Toddalia aculeata= Pers.

Erect or scrambling shrub, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves 3-fol., alternate, with pellucid glands; petioles often with prickles beneath. Flowers unisexual, cream coloured, panicled.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

378 =Clausena anisata= Oliv.

Shrub with pinnate leaves, which are 6-12 in. long; leaflets 10-20, ovate or ovate-oblong. Flowers white, numerous on axillary, paniculate cymes; stamens 8-10. Berry 1-seeded.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir).

379 =Citrus Aurantium= Linn.

=var. amara= L. NARING—Arab. The Bitter Orange.

Grown throughout the country in gardens; frequently used as a stock for the sweet orange, mandarin and sweet lemon.

=var. sinensis= Gall. Citr. BORTUGAN—Arab. The Sweet Orange.

Grown throughout the country in gardens.

=C. decumana= Linn. LIMUN HINDI—Arab. The Grape Fruit or Shaddock.

Occasionally found in gardens.

=C. medica= Linn. =var. Limon= Gall. Citr.

=subvar. acris.= LIMUN BALADI—Arab. The Lime.

Grown everywhere in gardens and frequently on Sagias.

=subvar. Limetta= Risso. LIMUN HELLU—Arab. The Lemon.

Cultivated in gardens.

=C. nobilis= Lour. YUSEF EFFENDI—Arab. The Mandarin.

Cultivated in gardens.

=SIMARUBACEÆ.=

380 =Hannoa Schweinfurthii= Oliv.

Shoots clustered from the old wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets linear- oblanceolate, leathery, up to 6 in. long, glabrous, with sunken nerves. Flowers racemose few. Fruits oblong-ovoid, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mts. Nga, near Maalah).

381 =Irvingia Smithii= Hook. f.

Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, rounded at base and more or less cordate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers pale yellow in narrow, subpaniculate racemes. Fruit oblong, 1½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land: by the Hu River).

The fruit is of no value. The wood is white and very hard.

=I. sp.= DARITAR—Dinka; AKOS—Jur; BILI & M’BILI or TIRI—Golo.

Large, smooth stemmed, riverside tree. Flowers white, fruit blue drupaceous. Very like the foregoing species.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

The timber is white, hard, and takes a good polish. It is used for boat- building.

382 =Balanites ægyptiaca= Del. HEGLIG—Arab; ’SASSUD & SHASHOT—Hadendowa; KORAK (J. Daier), TIRA (Dilling & J. Ghulfan), KURI (J. Eliri) & N’DMUSSO (Kadugli)—Nuba; KHA—Hameg; SORONGO—Golo; LALLOK & LUMILI—Bari; TAU (usual) & TU (Kaka)—Dinka; TAU—Jur & Nuer; TU—Shilluk; TOAN—Burun; Fruit LALOB—Arab; FIATH—Nuer (young tree).

Large tree armed with straight green spines, which are supra-axillary or axillary. Leaves 2-fol., entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, greenish-white. Disk fleshy, covered with white hairs. Drupe up to 2 in. long, with a bony endocarp.

Found throughout the greater part of the Sudan especially in the Fung and Upper White Nile Provinces.

=var. membranacea= Van Tiegh.

Dongola Prov. (Debba).

The fruit, called LALOB, is edible; it has a bitter sweet flavour and aperient qualities. The root, bark and leaves are purgative, and act as a vermifuge. The kernel yields an oil which is used as an unguent. The wood is hard, compact and fine grained, it is durable and resists the attacks of insects. The bark yields a strong fibre, and is also used as a soap for washing clothes.

383 =Harrisonia abyssinica= Oliv. KARB EL WADI—Arab; KIREILLI—Bari.

Large shrub; leaves imparipinnate, with winged petiole; leaflets 3 pairs and an odd one. Flowers small in axillary or subterminal cymes.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo- land: Gir & Addai, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

384 =Klainedoxa oblongifolia= Stapf.

Shrub 15 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad on the young shoots, the older shoots with much smaller leaves; stipules very long (about 6 in.) acuminate. Fruits very hard, 4-6-angled, 1½ in. in diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=BURSERACEÆ.=

385 =Boswellia papyrifera= A. Rich. ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu Gibeiha) or TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) & LAGI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans because elephants feed on it.

Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often found on quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, appearing before the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule trigonous, 1 in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province.

Yields a fragrant resin.

386 =Commiphora Opobalsamum= Engl.

Spineless shrub or small tree. Leaflets 3-5, entire or slightly undulate; leaves scattered or in fascicles. Flowers small, fascicled.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

Yields the “Mecca Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead.” It is much used in Cairo as medicine. The fruit is considered a powerful carminative and digestive.

=C. erythræa= Engl.

Small tree. Leaflets 3, obovate, pubescent, the terminal one about 1½ in. long, crenulate. Fruits subglobose, pubescent, about ⅓ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (coast).

=C. quadricincta= Schweinfth.

Small bushy tree, growing on rocky hills; branches spiny. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, glabrous, long-stalked. Fruits 4-winged.

Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat at Goz Regeb).

=C. abyssinica= Engl.

Small tree with spiny branches. Leaves trifoliolate but sessile or subsessile and thus appearing simple; leaflets obovate, crenate, glabrous, about 1¼ in. long. Fruit ovoid, acute, ⅓ in. long, glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (near J. Langeb); Red Sea Prov. (J. Shabba, south of Suakin).

=C. africana= Engl. GAFĀL—Arab; KIRBI (Dilling)—Nuba; TOWOLLO—Burun.

Small spiny tree. Leaves usually 3-fol.; leaflets cuneate, broadly crenate-serrate. Flowers fasciculate. Drupe subglobose, slightly oblique.

Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Provinces.

The resin is a form of Bdellium, a drug resembling Myrrh.

=C. pedunculata= Engl. LUBAN—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling)—Nuba; DAMFULAN—Hameg.

Small tree. Leaves more or less fascicled at extremities; leaflets 5-11, serrate-dentate, pubescent. Flowers in pedunculate, axillary, few- flowered cymes.

Fung, Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

Yields a resin similar to Olibanum.

387 =Canarium Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Large tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets oblong, acuminate, subcordate at the base, about 6 in. long and 1½ in. broad, softly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers in panicles with large bracts.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River); Lado District.

The sap-wood is whitish, the heart-wood rose-colour, similar to a Khaya; useful for carpentry. The resin is used by the Niamniam for torches, and when ground down with oil for anointing the body. Fruit eaten.

=MELIACEÆ.=

388 =Turræa Vogelii= Hook. f.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, entire. Flowers white, on axillary peduncles bearing 2-10 umbellate pedicels; stamens 10, monadelphous; staminal tube with subulate teeth; anthers apiculate. Ovary 9-12 celled.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=T. nilotica= Kotschy & Peyr. KHARIF (J. El Amira)—Nuba.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate obtuse, tomentose beneath. Flowers in many-flowered umbellate, sessile fascicles. Teeth of staminal tube triangular or oblong. Ovary 10-celled.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on rocky hills); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo- land: by the Pwah); Bahr El Jebel.

389 =Azadirachta indica= A. Juss.

Large tree; leaves imparipinnate. Leaflets 2-9 pairs with a terminal one, which is sometimes wanting. Flowers white, honey-scented. Drupe size of an olive, purple when ripe, 1-celled.

Introduced. The Neem Tree of India.

A handsome quick-growing shade tree, suitable to dry localities, and a great improvement on the “Persian Lilac.” The timber is valuable, and grows to a useful size.

390 =Melia Azedarach= Linn. ZINZILAKH (Egypt)—Arab. Persian lilac.

Moderate-sized tree with bipinnate leaves. Drupe ovoid, yellow when ripe; flowers white and purple, scented. Fruit 5-celled; endocarp bony.

Introduced. Khartoum Prov., etc.

391 =Ekebergia Rüppeliana= A. Rich.

Tree; fruit fleshy, globose, 2-celled. Leaves 6-12 in. long, imparipinnate, collected at the extremities; leaflets 5-9, coriaceous. Flowers in axillary, pedunculate racemes. Stamens 10 monadelphous, margin of tube dentate.

Fung Prov.

392 =Trichilia emetica= Vahl. UM-SHARA, UMHAGRI & occasionally DABKAR (Baggara)—Arab; TISHU—Hameg; HORURI (Dilling)—Nuba.

Tree with pinnate leaves and pubescent young parts; leaflets 7-10, obtuse, pubescent beneath. Flowers ¾ in. diam., in short axillary panicles; stamens 8-10 monadelphous. Capsule 3-valved; seeds with a scarlet arillus.

Blue Nile Prov. (Medani & Khor Dahab); Fung, White Nile, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Mongalla Prov. (Hillet El Nuer & Gondokoro).

The seeds yield an oil which is used in cookery and in soap-making. The wood polishes well and makes pretty furniture. The bark is said to act as an emetic when given in small doses.

=T. retusa= Oliv. SABRONGO—Golo.

Small tree with white flowers in axillary panicles; fruit a flat capsule. Leaves 3-5 fol., leaflets retuse-truncate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors).

The ashes of the leaves are used as a substitute for salt.

393 =Khaya senegalensis= A. Juss. HOMRA, HOMRAYA or MURRAYA—Arab; TIT—Dinka; BELE—Golo; TIDO or TIRO—Jur; KIR—Bari; BOGU—Zande.

Large tree with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers white, in large panicles, unisexual; fruit a globose capsule, 2½ in. diam., dehiscing into 4 valves. Seeds flat, disk-like with a winged membranous edge.

Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

African Mahogany. The wood cuts into very fine planks, and is suitable for cabinet work and joinery. Oil from the seeds is said to be used to keep flies from cattle.

=K. Dawei= Stapf. BOGU—Zande.

A very large tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers small, paniculate. Sepals and petals rounded. Stamens in a tube. Fruits subglobose. Seeds winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream). Mongalla Prov.

394 =Pseudocedrela Kotschyi= Harms. DURUBA—Arab; POIK (Goz El Siada) & PHUT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GUMBERTI and ZILI—Golo; PHUT—Jur; KOLKO—Burun; RIR—Nuer; N’ZUMMUNIA—Zande; KAHILI—Bongo.

Small to moderate sized tree, with rough bark. Leaves pinnate; leaflets alternate, 4-7 pairs, up to 2 in. long, loosely dentate, pubescent. Flowers in axillary panicles, unisexual, white, crowded towards ends of branches. Fruit a 4-5 in. long, somewhat pyriform capsule, splitting into 4-5 valves; seed with a long wing on one side.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The wood is handsome and fragrant and is suited to the manufacture of gun stocks and for joinery.

=P. sp.=

Leaflets sub-opposite, about 3 pairs, the terminal leaflet largest, all oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3½-5 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, closely reticulate, glabrous. Flowers in lax, slender panicles. Buds subglobose, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju).

=SAPINDACEÆ.=

395 =Paullinia pinnata= Linn.

Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-fol.; stalk winged. Flowers small, white, numerous, clustered on racemes 3-4 in. long, with a woody spiral tendril at the base. Capsule woody 3-angled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Belgian Congo Border.

The leaves and roots are used on the Gold Coast for dysentery. The bark of the root contains a narcotic poison; both it and the seeds are used for stupefying fish.

396 =Cardiospermum Corindum= Linn.

Slender climber with watch-spring-like tendrils. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets toothed, pubescent below; stalk not winged. Flowers pale yellow. Fruits bladdery.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & 21° N.L.).

=C. Halicacabum= Linn. GODOBO (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Slender herbaceous climber with bi-ternate leaves and inflated, 3-valved roundish membranous capsule. Flowers white; tendrils opposite, circinate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Gumango Hill).

=var. microcarpum= H.B. & K.

Similar to above but capsule smaller and obversely deltoid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov.

The root is described as possessing emetic, laxative, stomachic and rubefacient properties. The leaves and young stems are sometimes cooked as a vegetable, the seeds are used as a tonic.

397 =Schmidelia rubifolia= Hochst. SUMEIMA (Fung)—Arab; MEREMERET (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Low tree with 3-fol. leaves, without stipules. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, more or less crenate, the lower surface grey-downy. Flowers on axillary racemes 2-3 in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli & J. Daier); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

=S. africana= DC.

Tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, the central one 4-6 in. long, oblong-cuneate, with the cuneate base entire and upper edges distantly and bluntly toothed. Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land: at Tuhami’s Zariba).

The fruits are used in Abyssinia as a remedy for tapeworm; the wood is described as very strong and close grained.

=S. Schweinfurthii= Gilg.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-oblanceolate, acute, denticulate in the upper part, 3½-5 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Panicles lax, long and slender, puberulous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=S. cf. S. Schweinfurthii= Gilg. TULŪNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

=S. sp. (or Rhus sp.).= KURINYIL (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

398 =Aporrhiza paniculata= Radlk.

Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-elliptic, emarginate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, reticulate, glabrous. Flowers small, widely paniculate. Fruits 2-lobed, flat, 1 in. broad, tomentose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

399 =Dodonæa viscosa= Linn. TATTAS—Hadendowa; TASHAS—Rashida.

Shrub or small tree with glossy, linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers polygamous, in short terminal panicles, yellowish; sepals 5; petals none. Capsule with 2-4 membranous wings.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has to 22° N.L.).

A useful and attractive hedge plant. The wood is close-grained, hard and durable, pores moderately fine, irregularly distributed, medullary rays very numerous, indistinct. The plant is reputed to possess some medicinal properties, both as a febrifuge, and when boiled with water as an embrocation for sprains, bruises, etc.

=ANACARDIACEÆ.=

400 =Mangifera indica= Linn. Mango.

Evergreen tree. Leaves coriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 in. long.

Introduced.

Grown in gardens throughout the country. Some varieties form handsome trees bearing excellent fruit.

401 =Rhus villosa= Linn.

Shrub, sometimes thorny; leaves 3-fol. Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse, often apiculate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra); Bahr El Jebel.

=R. near R. villosa= Linn. SAMŌT—Hadendowa.

Shrub; leaves trifol.; leaflets obovate, crenate, about 1 in. long, pubescent below. Flowers and fruit not seen.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000-7,500 ft.).

Fruit said to be eaten.

=R. abyssinica= Hochst. ALONGKOY—Dinka; VULASIM—Golo; AKNALKUALA—Jur; SAMŌT or SAMOP—Hadendowa.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets oval or oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, pubescent, not reticulate above. Flowering panicles hairy, axillary, shorter than the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).

=R. oxyacantha= Schousb.

Branches spiny. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-cuneate, coarsely crenate, ½-¾ in. long, ciliate. Flowers very small, in short panicles. Fruit shining, ⅓ in. in diam.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=R. glaucescens= A. Rich.

Shrub; leaves 3-fol., coriaceous. Leaflets glabrous or puberulous along the midrib, oval to lanceolate, obtuse, entire to crenulate-dentate. Panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary.

Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=R. pulcherrima= Oliv.

Shrub; leaves simple, alternate, 4-10 in. long, oblong or oblong elliptical, with minute silvery tomentum beneath.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Bahr El Jebel).

=R. insignis= Del. LAHLA or LALAI—Hadendowa.

Tree or shrub; leaves simple, approximate, in threes; fruit black resinous.

Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=R. dioica= Willd.

Armed shrub; leaflets 3, broad crenate.

Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.)

402 =Odina fruticosa= Hochst. LEYUN—Arab; KOWA—Hameg; TILLA—Burun.

Moderate-sized tree; leaves pinnate, 9-15 fol., at length glabrous, present when flowers appear; leaflets obliquely lanceolate, subsessile. Flowers 4-merous in stout, fulvous, axillary spikes.

Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

This tree and other species of Odina yield a gum.

=O. Schimperi= Hochst. AMZAQ (Baggara)—Arab; HAMMADAI—Hadendowa.

Tree; leafless at time of flowering. Leaves imparipinnate, 9-11 fol., at length glabrous. Leaflets subsessile, oblique at base, narrowly acuminate. Racemes simple, while in flower terminal on branches.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=O. Barteri= Oliv. HAMADAB—Hadendowa; KLANDA—Golo; WEEDA—Zande.

Middle-sized to large tree, leafless during the dry months. Leaves pinnate, 7-11 fol., softly hispid pubescent, at length scabrid. Spikes fascicled on old wood.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Niamniam-land, etc.)

The bast of the bark is made into a rope.

=O. cf. O. Barteri= Oliv.

Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, about 3 in. long and 2 in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits oblong, with 3 humps, glabrous, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).

=O. humilis= Oliv. ARISH (Fung), LEYUN (Baggara) & HOMEID (Kordn.)—Arab.

Shrub or small tree, sometimes gregarious. Leaves pinnate, densely hairy beneath, 9-11 fol., short; leaflets elliptical to ovate. Flower spikes up to 1½ in. long, densely tomentose; ovary hairy.

Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov.

=O. sp.= N’DU-N’DU—Golo.

Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or elliptic, about 2½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers and fruit not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

Bark used for ropes.

=O. near microcarpa= A. Rich.

Small tree.

Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

=O. sp.= UMSURUJ (Baggara)—Arab.

Moderate-sized tree.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli).

=O. sp.= KULUWEI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Tree.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

403 =Pseudospondias microcarpa= Engl.

Tree, 80 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad. Flowers very small in large panicles. Fruits oblong, ¾ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika).

The fruit is edible.

404 =Sclerocarya near S. Caffra= Sond. RUFI—Bari.

Tree with pinnate leaves; leaflets 7-11.

Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).

=S. Birrea= Hochst. HOMEID—Arab; KŌI (J. Eliri), & INDENU (Kadugli)—Nuba; MAT—Bari; DUNGDUNG—Golo; AKAMIL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; KABTI—Burun; ALLANFA—Hameg.

Tree with pinnate leaves. Leaflets 9-23, oblong-, ovate-, or obovate- elliptical, usually mucronate, entire or toothed, up to 2 in. long. Male flowers in short spikes or racemes; drupes solitary, size of a walnut.

Fung, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.

The wood is used for making vessels for holding food.

Fruit eaten.

=CONNARACEÆ.=

405 =Byrsocarpus pseudobaccatus= Schellenb.

Tree 20 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, obtuse, 3-4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Racemes in dense fascicles. Fruit curved, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

405a =Rourea gudjuana= Gilg.

Shrub. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2½-4 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, reticulate. Racemes densely fasciculate, axillary. Fruits ovoid-lanceolate, acute, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Gudju).

406 =Agelæa Schweinfurthii= Gilg.

Shrub, 8 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 3½ in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in terminal panicles. Fruit obliquely obovoid, tomentellous, ½ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River).

407 =Cnestis cf. C. oblongifolia= Baker.

Woody climber. Flowers white, without smell; fruit orange, acid. Leaves imparipinnate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Fruit orange- acid.

=UMBELLIFERÆ.=

408 =Hydrocotyle asiatica= Linn.

Perennial herb giving out long runners from axils of leaves on root- stock. Leaves from root-stock or 1 or 2 together from nodes of runners, reniform, shallowly crenate. Flowers subsessile, usually 3 together at end of short erect peduncles, pink. Peduncles 1-3 from nodes opposite the leaves. Fruit ovoid, hard with primary and secondary ribs obscure.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba).

=H. natans= Cyr.

Creeping perennial, rooting at nodes. Leaves long-petioled, suborbicular, shallow-crenate, subpeltate. Umbels ab. 7 flowered. Fruit minute, longitudinally ridged.

Bahr El Zeraf; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd to Bor).

409 =Pimpinella etbaica= Schwfth.

Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves, the lower long petioled, pinnately tripartite, the upper variously trifid. Umbels compound, primary rays 3-7, secondary 7-12, involucres absent. Flowers white or violet; fruit covered with hooked hairs.

Red Sea Prov. (above 2,000 ft.).

410 =Diplolophium abyssinicum= Benth. & Hook. f.

Perennial 2-5 ft. high, sometimes perfumed like peppermint. Leaves up to 1 ft. and more long, many times divided, segments filiform; petioles up to 5 in. long, sheathing. Umbels compound, primary rays numerous from an involucre of stout 1 in. long, pubescent bracts; secondary rays numerous, from involucels of ab. ½ in. long bracteoles. Flowers comparatively large, hermaphrodite. Petals emarginate. Fruit cylindrical with 2 long styles.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: steppes near the Kishi River); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.).

411 =Fœniculum vulgare= Gærth. Common Fennel.

Herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 times pinnate; segments narrow, linear. Umbels compound, without involucres, 15-20 rays in umbel. Fruit ¼ in. long, oval, slightly compressed laterally; vittæ conspicuous under the furrows.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5-9,000 ft.).

412 =Sium Thunbergii= DC. Prod.

Marsh herb, with runners. Leaves pinnate, dentate, 1 ft. long, with sheathing, auricled petiole 5 in. long. Umbels compound; rays numerous with many-leaved involucres and involucels. Fruit shortly ovoid, compressed.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

=S. angustifolium= Linn.

Perennial up to 2 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; segments of lower leaves 8-10 pairs and an odd one, ovate-lanceolate, serrate; upper leaves, segments less numerous, but larger and more deeply toothed or lobed. Umbels compound with primary and secondary involucres, lateral; carpels with 5 slender ribs and several vittæ.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

413 =Peucedanum Grantii= Kingston.

Stout glabrous herb up to 7 ft. high. Lower leaves bipinnate, upper ternate, on dilated petioles. Umbels compound, paniculate on a distinct peduncle; primary rays numerous with no involucre or only 1 small bract; secondary numerous; involucel of several bracteoles. Fruit ⅓ in. long, with 3 longitudinal ridges.

White Nile Prov.

=P. graveolens= Benth. & Hook. f. The Dill Plant.

Erect, glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves much divided; segments linear-bristly. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucre and involucels none. Flowers yellow. Fruit 1/5 in. oval oblong, compressed, ridged, with lateral wings.

Darfur Prov.

Cultivated.

=P. fraxinifolium= Hiern. ASAD EL TUGULE & ASAT EL GIRD (Baggara)—Arab; DAHKIKAK (J. Daier), KOTUNDURAK (J. Eliri) & N’DARABWA (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Small fleshy tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 9. Umbels compound, arranged together, on about ½ a dozen 5 in. long peduncles at end of branches. Fruit obovate, broadly winged.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s country).

414 =Coriandrum sativum= Linn. Common Coriander.

Erect branching annual up to 18 in. high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; upper leaves much divided with linear segments. Umbels terminal, of 5-8 rays. Involucre none, involucels of few bracts. Fruit globose, ribs not very prominent, vittæ none.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

=ERICACEÆ.=

415 =Blæria spicata= Hochst.

Heath-like low shrub. Leaves alt., or more commonly 3 whorled, linear to lanceolate, revolute. Fl. up to ¼ in. long, pink, in leafy racemes from upper axils, 4-merous; anthers 4, 2-lobed, opening by terminal pores and with 2 short basal bristles. Capsule 4-valved.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,500-9,000 ft.).

=EBENACEÆ.=

416 =Euclea Kellau= Hochst. GUM or OGUM—Hadendowa.

Shrub with subopposite, bright green, coriaceous leaves, obovate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. white, heath-like, in 9-12 flowered racemes, diœcious; male fl. with 12 stamens. Fruit globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).

Fruit eaten.

417 =Maba abyssinica= Hiern. GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; SHOM—Dinka; SHOMU—Golo; MIENNA—Burun.

Small tree. Leaves alt., lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 in. long. Fl. axillary, subsessile, clustered, diœcious, mostly trimerous; male fl. minute; stamens 14, mostly in pairs; fem. fl. 3-5 together; style 3-dentate; staminodes 3-4. Fruit subglobose, ½ in. diam.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

Wood dark, takes a fine polish, is used for gun stocks.

=M. sp.=

Shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, glabrous. Fruits sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, ½ in. long, glabrous, girt by the persistent cupular calyx.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near the Teh).

418 =Diospyros mespiliformis= Hochst. GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; ARĪAP & ARIAI—Hadendowa; SHŪM (Dilling) & KWAR (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KUMI—Bari; SHOM—Dinka; CHUMU or SHOMU—Golo; KOLOME—Bongo or Zande.

Tree, sometimes large, with black bark. Leaves alt., oblong to obovate 2-6 in. long. Fl. white diœcious; infl. axillary, short. Male fl. ferruginous-tomentose, 5, occasionally 4-merous, small; stamens 10-16, often in pairs; fem. fl. 1-3 together, 3-5-merous, staminodes 6-8, styles 2, bilobed. Fr. subglobose 1 in. diam.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gughan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, native ebony; & Bongo-land, a favourite fruit); Mongalla Prov.

Wood dark, streaked with black near wounds, takes a fine polish. It is used by natives for making clubs. The heart-wood, which is black, furnishes one of the ebonies of commerce. Fruit edible.

=SAPOTACEÆ.=

419 =Butyrospermum Parkii= Kotschy. =var. niloticum= Kotschy. LULU—Arab; KOR or KOAR or KORI—Bongo; RAK—Dinka; RIVIA, BAA or BAK—Golo; RAK or YAU—Jur; RIEK—Nuer.

Large tree with black rough bark, yielding a milky juice producing an inferior gutta-percha. Leaves crowded at ends of branches, oblong, sometimes emarginate, 6-9 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves prominent, arcuate; petiole 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense umbels in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the branchlets; calyx lobes in 2 rows of 4; cor. segments 8; st. 8; petaloid cuspidate staminodes 8; fruit subglobose, 1½ to 2 in. long, containing a sweet edible pulp and a seed not unlike a horse-chestnut.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Mittu lands, Mosanga & Niamniam country); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

The wood is very hard and heavy, it is reddish in colour and takes a fine polish. It is used for mortars, bowls, and for building. The fruit is edible, and the seed is known in commerce as Shea Nut. The kernels of the nuts yield about 50 per cent. of fat called Shea Butter, which has been found useful in the manufacture of candles, soap, and butter substitutes. Locally it is used by the natives for food, for anointing the body, and for lighting purposes.

420 =Mimusops Schweinfurthii= Engl. BĪ or BEI or IRDOKO—Golo; NIANLALWEL—Dinka; NIANLALWEL & DENYA—Jur.

Leaves crowded on stout shoots, obovate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, silvery silky below. Flowers densely clustered, axillary; pedicels ⅙ in. long. Sepals pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).

Wood dark-red, very hard. Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.

=M. Kummel= Bruce. NIANLALWEL—Dinka & Jur; PILI—Golo.

Middle-sized tree with dark bark and milky juice. Leaves alt., oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in few-flowered axillary clusters, coated with brown tomentum; calyx ½ in. long, lobes 8, in 2 rows, cor. white, 24 lobes, 16 in outer and 8 in inner; sta. 8, staminodes 8, linear; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous, 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Bongo-lands).

Wood pale brown, fairly hard, used for spear shafts. The fruit is the size of a cherry and is edible.

=M. djurensis= Engl.

Leaves scattered on slender shoots, obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly pubescent, girt with the persistent lanceolate sepals.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur & Bongo lands).

=MYRSINACEÆ.=

421 =Mæsa lanceolata= Forsk.

Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, serrated. Fl. minute, white 5-merous, in axillary panicles 2-4 in. long. Fruit globose, crowned with persistent style and stigma.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

=M. sp.=

Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, repand- dentate, pubescent on the nerves. Racemes axillary, slender. Fl. white, very small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo River 7,690 Schwfth).

422 =Embelia nilotica= Oliv.

Large tree; extremities rufous-hairy. Leaves alt., obovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, especially on the nerves. Racemes axillary, 1 in. long; fl. minute, whitish, 5-merous; fr. globose, small.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=LOGANIACEÆ.=

423 =Mostuea Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, subsessile, 1-2 in. long; stip. interpetiolar oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes few-flowered, terminal enclosed in a pair of orbicular bracts, ½ in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. white, with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

424 =Nuxia dentata= R. Br.

Small tree. Leaves opp. or verticillate, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate, shining. Fl. small, greenish, 4-merous, in corymbose cymes.

Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit, in rocky gully).

425 =Anthocleista nobilis= G. Don.

Tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves opp., obovate, cuneate, 9-12 in. or, in young plants, up to 4 or 5 ft. long, crowded at ends of branches with pungent spines between them; petiole dilated at base. Cymes terminal; cor. white or dull-yellow; lobes about 16, each ½ in. long; st. as many. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Boddo River).

=A. Schweinfurthii= Gilg.

Tall tree. Leaves opp., oval, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 6-20 in. long, coriaceous; petioles 2-3 in. long, auricled, connate. Cymes compound, 1 ft. long; cor. 1 in. long, lobes and stamens 9-11. Fr. obovoid-oblong, 1½ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).

426 =Strychnos penduliflora= Baker.

Small tree. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes many-flowered, pendulous; fl. 4-5-merous, minute, white. Fruit globose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Chak Chak).

=S. innocua= Del. UMBUKHEISA (Baggara) & HOG EL FIL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Arab; TINTUKUKI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BOLOGU or PIGHADI—Golo.

Tree. Leaves opp., oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, nerved from base and 2 others above. Cymes few-fl. lateral; cor. white ¼ in. long, hairy at throat. Fruit size of an orange.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on quartz); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir, & Jur Ghattas, and near Pongo River).

Fruit edible but very sour. Wood white, coarse.

=S. xerophila= Baker. ERG EL SAGGAT—Arab.

Small tree. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved from base, coriaceous. Cymes few-fl., lateral, sessile; cor. white, ⅓ in. long. Fruit size of an orange, edible.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land and Kutshuk Ali).

The burning bark is applied as a cautery to snake-bites. The root is pounded in water for the bath in case of fever.

=S. spinosa= Lam.

Shrub with hooked thorns from the nodes. Leaves opp., obovate or suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, 5-nerved from near base. Cymes short, dense, terminal; cor. greenish, small. Fruit size and colour of an orange, edible.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, between Deims & Atem River, & Jur Ghattas).

=S. gracillima= Gilg.

Shrub with hooked spines from the nodes. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 1 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; cor. white small. Fruit 2 in. diam.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

=S. emarginata= Baker.

Pubescent shrub with hooked thorns. Leaves opp., obovate, 1-2 in. long, emarginate with small mucro, glossy, 5-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; fl. small. Fr. 2 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=S. sp.=

Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Tendrils hook-like.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

=OLEACEÆ.=

427 =Jasminum Schweinfurthii= Gilg.

Scandent pubescent shrub. Leaves simple, opp., oblong, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on axillary and terminal pedicels; cor. white, lobes 6-7, lanceolate; tube 1 in. long; stamens 2 as in all this natural order. Fr. a berry.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & south).

=J. near J. pauciflorum= Benth.

Shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, obovate, acuminate, 1½-2 in. long, pubescent. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, sweet smelling. Corolla tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 6-7, about ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=J. ternifolium= Baker.

Shrub. Leaves simple, in whorls of 3, oblong or ovate, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. in dense panicled flat-topped cymes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Sabbi).

=J. Steudneri= Schwfth.

Pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., lower simple, upper 3-fol., leaflets ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. tube ¾ in. long; lobes 5; berry small subglobose.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit Mts. near Suakin).

=J. mauritianum= Bojer.

Shrub. Leaves opp., 3-fol.; leaflets ovate, 2-3 in. long. Cymes terminal and axillary, panicled at ends of branches; cor. white; tube ¾-1 in. long; lobes 6-8. Berry small globose.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=J. floribundum= R. Br.

Scandent shrub. Leaves opp. imparipinnate; leaflets 5, ovate. Cymes few- flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. white, fragrant; tube ab. ¾ in. long; lobes 5.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Red Sea Prov.

Nearly allied to the common Jasmine.

=J. officinale= Linn. HENDAMALAWE—Hadendowa; MILMILO—Rashida.

Scandent shrub. Leaves opp., trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; corolla tube ½ in. long; lobes ovate, acute. Berry 2-lobed, shining.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

428 =Olea Hochstetteri= Baker.

Tall tree. Leaves opp., simple, oblong, 3-4 in. long, minutely cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so beneath; petiole ½-¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in lateral and terminal racemes; cor. tube short; lobes 4, longer than the tube; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).

=O. europæa= Linn. =var. nubica= Schwfth. ZEITUN—Arab; DADD’A—Hadendowa.

Stunted bush with congested or thinly lepidote branches, or small tree. Leaves orbicular or oblong, up to 2 in. long, glabrous or brownish-white scaly beneath, opp. Fl. and fr. not seen.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.).

Wood hard, close grained. Considered by Schweinfurth to be the primitive stock of the cultivated Olive tree.

=O. chrysophylla= Lam. WAGRI—Rashida; DADD’A Hadendowa.

Tree with slender branchlets, extremities densely lepidote. Leaves lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, narrowed each end, glabrous above when mature, densely rufous-lepidote beneath. Panicles axillary, sparsely compound, 1-1½ in. long; cor. ⅛ in. long. Drupe globose, ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-10,000 ft.).

429 =Linociera nilotica= Oliv.

Tall tree with a trunk 6-8 ft. in girth; branchlets glabrous, whitish. Leaves opp., simple, entire, oblong, 2-5 in. long; petiole ab. ½ in. Panicles lateral, 1-2 in. long; petals 4, small, nearly free; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.

(?Upper) White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Bongo and Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.

=APOCYNACEÆ.=

430 =Landolphia florida= Benth. ABU KHAMIR & ALGULU-AR (Blue Nile)—Arab; SHANGYE (Dilling)—Nuba; MUNOH—Bongo; MANA—Dinka; BIH & IVI—Golo; BIH—Indogo; APWAMAH—Jur; SUSSI—Krej.

Very large woody climber, sometimes up to 3 ft. girth, with milky sap; tendrils long, branched. Leaves opp., simple, variable, usually elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 3-7 in. long, dark green and glossy above. Fl. in terminal, pubescent, dense corymbs; cor. white, with yellow throat, 5-lobed, variable in size, fragrant; st. 5, included, anthers linear- oblong. Fruit more or less globose, citron-like, yellow, up to 4 in. diam, pulp yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Banks of Khors near Dilling); Upper White Nile Prov. (Upper Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

The latex yields a resinous rubber of no commercial value. Fruit globose, acidulous, edible.

=var. leiantha= Oliv.

Infl. more glabrous than in type.

Kassala Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=L. petersiana= Dyer. =var. Schweinfurthiana= Stapf. DUNGO—Golo.

Scandent shrub, shoots rusty-tomentose when young, the terminal infl. acting as tendrils. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3½-4½ in. long, coriaceous, loosely pubescent when young. Panicle, rachis and branches twining, the latter bearing clusters of sessile flowers; cor. white, fragrant, lobes 5 overlapping, ½-¾ in. long, tube ¼ in. Fr. globose, up to 2½ in. diam., finely velvety.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Pongo).

The latex yields an inferior rubber.

=L. owariensis= Beauv. =var. tomentella= Stapf. NGELEH—Bongo; ODILOH—Dinka; N’DALA & VANGA—Golo; ATILOB—Jur; WAWA—Krej.

Woody climber, with forked, hooked tendrils; young parts densely fulvous tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 2-3½ in. long. Panicles terminal pyramidal or ovoid; cor. white, turning brownish, tube ¼ in. long; lobes spreading or reflexed, ab. ⅙ in. long. Fr. globose 1-2½ in. diam., yellow mottled red, wrinkled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Yields the best Sudan rubber. Fruit sweet, edible.

431 =Clitandra Schweinfurthii= Stapf. KOH—Golo & Indogo.

Climbing shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, shining above; veins conspicuous, raised. Cymes few-flowered axillary; cor. lobes white, overlapping, ¾ in. long; tube yellow, ⅓ in. Fr. globose, 2 in. diam., reddish-brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

Latex sticky.

432 =Carissa edulis= Vahl.

Spinous shrub, more or less glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes several-flowered. Corolla ½ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=var. tomentosa= Stapf. AGAM—Rashida; HARNAB—Hadendowa; SIRKUKA—Bari; AFININ—Dinka; PELLE or TINDI—Golo; POPOGI & (the fruit) RINDICHWE—Zande.

Dense spinous shrub, spines opp., usually straight, 1-2 in. long. Leaves opp., usually ovate to ovate-elliptic, ¾-2 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose. Fl. in axillary or terminal clusters; cor. white or purple; lobes overlapping, up to ⅓ in. long; tube ½-¾ in. long. Berry globose, purple to black, ¼-½ in. diam.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gardus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd & Mongalla Prov.).

The bark is used as medicine in Bahr El Ghazal Prov. The fruit is similar to the damson plum, and is very agreeable in taste.

433 =Rauwolfia oxyphylla= Stapf.

Tree 30-40 ft. Leaves oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous, with numerous lateral nerves. Cymes lax with very small flowers. Corolla tube ⅙ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=R. vomitoria= Afz.

Shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high, glabrous except infl.; young branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, lanceolate to elliptic, more or less acuminate both ends, 3-7 in. long. Fl. in terminal or pseudo- axillary, much branched, umbellate cymes; cor. white, lobes ovate, small, tube ¼ in. long, hairy in the mouth. Fruit a simple or divaricate twin drupe; drupes free, ovoid, subapiculate, ab. ⅓ in. long, red.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

434 =Pleiocarpa microcarpa= Stapf.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves ternate, oblong, 4-7 in. long, glaucous below; petiole 4-6 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters; calyx minute, sepals ovate, obtuse. Fr. a berry, ellipsoid or obovoid.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).

435 =Alstonia congensis= Engl. BIRR (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.)—Dinka; BANGI—Golo; MBADI—Zande.

Large tree. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, oblanceolate to obovate, cuneate, 4-7 in. long; nerves prominent, 30-40 on each side. Fl. white in terminal compound, whorled panicles, each of its branches having 2-3 tiers of whorled pseudo-umbels of 4-7 fl.; cor. tube nearly ½ in. long, lobes under ¼ in. long, contorted. Fr. of 2 follicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).

The wood is light, white, and soft. It is used for making native stools, furniture, war-drums and boats. The bark is reputed to be poisonous, but is used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes.

436 =Voacanga obtusa= K. Sch.

Tall tree. Leaves opp., crowded at ends of branches, obovate to oblong, 4-9 in. long. Infl. racemed or umbelled, geminate from the branch-forks; calyx tubular, glandular; cor. white, fleshy, fragrant; tube ¾ in.; lobes 1 in. long, up to 1½ in. broad; anthers 5 sagittate. Berry globose, fleshy, 2 in. diam.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).

=V. Schweinfurthii= Stapf.

Glabrous shrub, 15 ft. high. Leaves opp., oblanceolate to elliptic- lanceolate, 5-8 in. long, papery. Inflorescences in pairs from the branch forks, few-flowered, umbelled; calyx tube subcampanulate glandular; cor. yellow; tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, obovate-oblique, 1 in. long. Berry ovoid, pulp yellow.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).

=V. africana= Stapf.

Small tree. Leaves variable, usually elliptic-oblong, 2-8 in. long, acute both ends, subcoriaceous. Infl. axillary, corymbose, many- flowered, peduncles often paired, nodose; calyx campanulate, glandular; lobes 5, reflexed when ripe; cor. cream-white, fragrant, tube twisted, under ½ in.; lobes ½-1 in. long, contorted; anthers acute, sagittate.

Mongalla Prov. (Above Bor).

437 =Conopharyngia penduliflora= Stapf.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 4-8 in. long. Infl. racemose pseudo-axillary or terminal, pendulous, 6-8 flowered; cor. white, fragrant; tube fleshy, ½ in. long; lobes oblique; anthers conniving into a cone, sagittate; berry globose, fleshy.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).

=C. Holstii= Stapf.

Tall tree; bark at first dark green, later whitish. Leaves opp., oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 10 in. long. Infl. corymbose; cor. white with yellow centre; tube fleshy, up to ½ in. diam. and 1 in. long; lobes oblong, overlapping, 1 in. or more; anthers ½ in. long, sagittate, conniving into a cone. Berry globose, blackish-brown, 4 in. diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

438 =Adenium speciosum= Fenzl.

Fleshy arborescent shrub, ab. 4 ft. high; trunk up to 2-3 ft. thick at base. Leaves in spirals and terminal fascicles, oblanceolate or linear oblong, often emarginate, 2-4 in. long, appearing with the flowers, coriaceous. Fl. in paired racemes; calyx 5-lobed, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. carmine; tube funnel-shaped, ab. 1 in. long with 5 hairy lines inside; lobes 5, ab. 1 in. long or shorter, spreading; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving at the top by long hairy appendages as long as the tube. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped follicles 5-7 in. long.

Fung Prov. (J. Akaro & Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Hedra, Rashad); Mongalla Prov.

=A. Hongkel= A. DC. SIM, SIM AHMAR or SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)—Arab; DAGARAG (Tagele), NARURAI (J. Eliri) & TUMU (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Stumpy arborescent shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with fleshy stem and branches, not unlike a miniature Baobab. Leaves appearing after the flowers, obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Cymes 2-10 flowered; cor. carmine, much as above, somewhat smaller.

Nuba Mts. Prov (on rocks).

The juice is said to be used for poisoning arrows; hence its Arabic name.

=A. obesum= R. & S.

Arborescent shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, rounded and mucronulate at the tip, 3-4 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, puberulous below. Flowers on leafless branches. Corolla tube 1¼ in. long, pubescent.

Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).

=ASCLEPIADACEÆ.[4]=

439 =Cryptolepis oblongifolia= Schlechter.

Erect shrub. Leaves opp. or ternate, narrowly lanceolate to oblong- elliptic, ½-2 in. long. Cyme subaxillary, 3-16 flowered; cor. yellow, minute. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped, spreading follicles.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. sp.=

Shrub 2-4 ft. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 1½ in. long, ⅓-⅔ in. broad, glabrous. Fruiting carpel divergent, 3 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land to West of Tonj River).

440 =Tacazzea venosa= Decne. =var. Martini= N.E. Br.

Erect or twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opp. or whorled, lanceolate, 2½-5 in. long, glabrous above, tomentose beneath. Panicles axillary, 1½-4 in. long; sepals minute, broadly elliptic; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes oblong, ¼ in. long, overlapping; coronal lobes linear, divided ab. half way down into 2 filiform segments. Follicles 2, lanceolate 2-3 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=T. apiculata= Oliv. SHAG EL FIL, HALLEYU, ABU LEBBEN & ARKALA—Arab.

Woody twiner. Leaves opp., oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-5 in. long, shortly pointed at apex, emarginate or cordate at base, whitish tomentose beneath. Panicles 2½-6 in. long; sepals minute, brick-red; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes ¼ in. long; coronal lobes filiform, nearly ½ in. long. Follicles 2, horizontally diverging, lanceolate, tapering to a point, ab. 3 in. long.

Fung. Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam & Bongo-lands); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.

=T. sp.= ARKALA—Arab.

Branches pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic, truncate, mucronate, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, whitish pubescent below. Flowers not seen.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).

441 =Raphionacme jurensis= N.E. Br.

Procumbent trailing shrub, with puberulous branches. Leaves not seen. Flowers solitary or in pairs, grey-lilac; pedicels 3-5 in. long, puberulous. Corolla lobes ¼ in. long, thinly pubescent outside.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Jur & Wau Rivers).

=R. sp. near R. jurensis= N.E. Br.

Similar to above but erect from a long tuber, sometimes leafy at time of flowering. Leaves oblanceolate, 2 in. long, subacute. Corolla whitish green with 2 purple spots at base of each lobe; filaments purple.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor & southward).

442 =Omphalogonus calophyllus= Baillon.

Glabrous twiner. Leaves ovate, rounded or widely cordate at the base, acutely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-4½ in. broad, with 12-14 lateral nerves. Cymes axillary, few flowered. Calyx cupular, lobes 1/12 in. long. Corolla lobes elliptic, ⅓ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

443 =Periploca aphylla= Decne. MAGOK—Hadendowa.

Shrub with short, stiff, usually leafless branches, young shoots bearing oblong or linear-oblong leaves, ½ in. long. Cymes 5-20 flowered, terminal; cor. ½ in. diam., rotate; lobes ¼ in. with white hairs near margin; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, each with 2 wing-like keels; anthers connate at tip over the style. Follicles 2 spreading, 3-4 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21°-22° L.N.).

The fibre is used in India for well-ropes, being considered impervious to the action of water. The flower-buds are eaten raw or cooked. The latex is applied to tumours and swellings.

=P. linearifolia= Dill. & Rich.

Shrub with whip-like branches. Leaves linear, acute, about 2 in. long and ⅙ in. broad, 1-nerved. Flowers in lax cymes. Corolla-lobes densely ciliate on the margins.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

444 =Secamone Schweinfurthii= K. Schum.

Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., elliptic to orbicular, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Cymes 3-6 fld., axillary and terminal; cor. under ¼ in. diam., with minute coronal lobes. Foll. 2, spreading, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Kulongo).

445 =Podostelma Schimperi= K. Schum.

Small woody shrub, sometimes twining. Leaves opp., thick, ovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Cymes sessile, 2-6-fid.; cor. white or yellowish; lobes ⅓ in. long, overlapping; anthers winged, connivent round upper part of style. Foll. 2, lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Sinkat); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Sarranib).

446 =Glossonema lineare= Decne.

Slender annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lin.-lanceolate, ¾-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in 1 axil of the opp. leaves; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona minute. Foll. 2, linear-terete.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=G. nubicum= Decne.

Herb, 6-12 in. high, with white hairs on pet. and lower sides of leaves which are opp., linear or linear-lanceolate, ¾-5 in. long. Fl. 2-6 together, cymose; cor. white, ⅙ in. diam.; coronal lobes ovate, subulate. Foll. 2, 1½ in. long, echinate, lanceolate.

Khartoum Prov. (Baraka); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon & Tueir).

=G. Boveanum= Decne.

Herb, 3-10 in. high; stems white-hairy. Leaves opp., ovate or ovate- lanceolate, white-pubescent. Fl. 1-3 together sublateral, white, minute; coronal lobes 3-lobed, the middle one filiform; anther appendages reniform. Foll. 2, spiny, 1½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Nubia (sea-coast to between 3,000 and 4,000 ft.).

447 =Solenostemma Argel= Hayne. HARGAL—Arab.

Undershrub, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1-1½ in. long, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, ab. 2 in. long; cor. white, tube minute, lobes ¼ in. long; corona cup-shaped; lobes 5, obtuse, concave-hooded. Foll. 1, 2 in. long, ¾ in. thick.

Sudan North; Kordofan Prov.

The leaves possess purgative properties.

448 =Oxystelma bornouense= R. Br.

Slender herbaceous climber. Leaves opp. deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, cordate or hastate, 1-3 in. long, acuminate. Cymes axillary, long- peduncled, 2-3 fl.; cor. ab. 1 in. diam., mauve veined with purple, cup- shaped; lobes deltoid. Foll. 1, much inflated, ab. 2 in. long, ovoid- oblong.

Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Blue Nile Prov. (mouth of Dinder); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (at Om Madeb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu- land: Mvolo).

449 =Schizoglossum abyssinicum= K. Schum.

Undershrub with slender whip-like stems from a woody rhizome. Leaves linear-acicular, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers fasciculate; pedicels ⅓ in. long, pubescent. Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, pubescent.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=S. angustissimum= K. Schum.

Herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, linear, margins revolute, ¾-2½ in. long. Umbels 6-10 fl., numerous, sessile, lateral; cor. minute with long woolly hairs on margins of lobes; coronal lobes with bi- or trifid horns. Follicles 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango hill in Niamniam-land).

=S. Petherickianum= Oliv.

Hairy herb. Leaves opp. or whorled, oblong to ovate-lanceolate. Umbels numerous, lateral at nodes, sessile, 10-15 fl.; cor. minute, hairy; coronal lobe on inner face with an erect tooth and 2 decurrent keels.

Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).

=S. eximium= N.E. Br.

Tall herb. Leaves opp., oblong-ovate, cordate, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels several, 6-10 fl., lateral or terminal; peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. white, lobes campanulate, ¾ in. long; coronal lobes purple or purple brown, nearly ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. sp.=

Habit of S. abyssinicum, but pedicels much shorter and corolla-lobes longer.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

450 =Calotropis procera= Ait. USHAR—Arab; BARAS—Hadendowa; OGUN or UBUN (Dilling), LAMBŪRI (J. Eliri) & KAUROK (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Shrub or small tree; youngest parts white-tomentose. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 2-12 in. long, cordate, glabrous. Fl. in lateral and terminal clusters of 3-10; cor. campanulate, ¾-1 in. diam., white, with purple-brown tips; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, truncate, with 2 lobes at top of each. Foll. 2, subglobose, spongy inside, 3-4 in. long.

Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.

The latex yield an inferior Gutta-Percha. The floss from the fruit is used for stuffing pillows. The bast fibre is strong and glossy but difficult to extract. The leaves are used for fermenting durra in the preparation of merissa. Almost every part of the plant is used as medicine. The latex is an irritant poison.

451 =Kanahia laniflora= R. Br. ABU LEBBEN—Arab.

Riverside shrub, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with minute bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. on 1-2 in. long peduncles from the lateral nodes; cor. white, fragrant, campanulate, ¾ in. long; lobes ⅓ in. densely woolly; coronal lobes 5, fleshy with simple or bifid inflexed beaks. Foll. 2 lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: J. Araro); Upper White Nile Prov.

=K. glaberrima= N.E. Br.

Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. in pedunculate several-flowered, umbel- like lateral racemes; cor. white; lobes ⅓ in. long, with white woolly hairs; coronal lobes deltoid-ovate, with linear-acuminate teeth at the tops. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, beaked, ab. 2 in. long.

Khartoum Prov. (Shambat: Banks of the Nile).

452 =Asclepias lineolata= Schlechter.

Stout undershr. with fleshy roots, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate- to linear-oblong, 2-4½ in. long, cordate. Umbels 4-10 fl., lateral and terminal; cor. purplish, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, ciliolate; coronal lobes purple, pointed, ridged between the anthers, which connive over the style. Follicles 2, inflated ellipsoid, 3-4 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).

=A. Schweinfurthii= N.E. Br.

Stems 2 ft. or more. Leaves opp., lanceolate-ovate, cordate, 2-3½ in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral on peduncles up to 6 in. long; cor. rotate-campanulate, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona ¼ in. long, winged. Foll. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=A. semilunata= N.E. Br.

Stems 2-5 ft. high. Leaves whorled below, opp. above, linear or lin.-lanceolate, 4-7 in. long. Umbels lateral on 1 in. long peduncles; cor. lobes ⅓-½ in. long, reflexed; corona toothed. Foll. half-moon shaped, 2½-3 in. long, inflated, echinate.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando).

=A. flavida= N.E. Br.

White-tomentose shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral. Cor. white (?), lobes reflexed, ¼ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona dull purple. Foll. ellipsoid, bristly when young.

Red Sea Prov. (coast, 21° N.L.).

=A. macrantha= Hochst.

Stem 9-18 in. high. Leaves opp., lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-10 in. long. Umbels 3-6 fl., lateral and terminal on peduncle 3-11 in. long; cor. scarlet or yellow, rotate; lobes ½ in. long; corona yellow. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Ibba River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=A. Phillipsiæ= N.E. Br.

Woody, densely pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3½ in. long, margins very revolute. Umbels lateral, 3-6 fl.; peduncle ½-¾ in. long; cor. white, deeply-lobed; lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, fringed on one margin; corona with 5 falcate teeth. 2 Foll., 2 in. long, lanceolate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,200-9,000 ft.).

453 =Margaretta rosea= Oliv.

Perennial herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Umbels 3-4 in a corymb at top of the stem, and sometimes one from the node below, each 7-16 fl., on peduncles ½-3 in. long; cor. lobes ⅙ in. long, erect; corona toothed. Foll. often solitary, ab. 3 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

454 =Cynanchum polyanthum= K. Schum.

Pubescent, fleshy twiner. Leaves opp., ovate, acute, cordate, 2-3½ in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 10-30 fl., compound, peduncle 1-1½ in. long; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona tubular half its length and with 5 entire or bifid teeth. Follicles 2 in. long, glabrous.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

455 =Sarcostemma viminale= R. Br.

Succulent, almost leafless shrub with switch-like, sometimes twining shoots. Umbels many-flowered, lateral or terminal, sessile. Fl. small, greenish-white or yellow; corona double, minute. Foll. 2., lin.-lanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.

Nubia (Wadi Tui between Suakin & Berber); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

456 =Pentatropis cynanchoides= R. Br.

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., oblong to ovate, ½-1½ in. long, fleshy. Umbels 3-6 fl., subaxillary; cor. purplish-green, 5-lobed; lobes linear from triangular base; corona with acute apex. 2 Foll., lanceolate, beaked 2-3 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab near Suakin & Karora hills); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi).

457 =Dæmia cordata= R. Br.

Slender woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate to orbicular, cordate, tomentose on both sides, ½ to 1 in. long. Fl. in a corymb-like raceme, 1-2 in. long; cor. small, green; corona double. 2 Follicles 1½-2½ in. long, ovoid, beaked, echinate.

Nubian Coast; Kassala Prov. (Atbara: Goz Regeb on granite); Nuba Mts. Prov.

=D. extensa= R. Br.

Differs from above by more glabrous and larger (up to 5 in. long) leaves and also large raceme, 2-16 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mountains to near Karora); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan, Darfur, Upper White Nile (Renk), & Mongalla Provinces.

The stems yield a fibre. The plant is used in infantile diarrhœa, also as an emetic. The pulp of the fleshy leaves is used as a stimulating poultice for carbuncles.

458 =Gymnema sylvestre= R. Br.

Woody twiner. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or cordate at base, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels subaxillary, many-flowered; cor. yellowish- white, minute, fleshy; coronal lobes fleshy, fringed. Follicles 2½-3½ in. long, lanceolate, beaked.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit, Biri River).

The root is used for snake bite. The leaves, when chewed, are said to destroy the taste of sugar for twenty-four hours.

459 =Marsdenia spissa= S. Moore. SHAGAR EL FIL (Fung)—Arab.

Woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate 1½-4 in. long. Cymes many-flowered, lateral; cor. greenish-yellow, rotate- campanulate, ½ in. diam.; lobes ¼ in. long, tomentose; coronal lobes minute, fleshy. Follicles 3½ in. long, elongate-ovoid, with broad frill- like wings; seeds crowned with long silky hairs.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).

Yields a fibre.

=M. rubicunda= N.E. Br. KNĀR (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Woody climber, young parts with salmon-red tomentum. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. long. Cor. ½ in. diam.; lobes rotate, 1/5 in. long, greenish; corona lobes subulate and bifid. Follicles 2, wings 4, crenate.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé and Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov.

460 =Leptadenia lancifolia= Decne. ERG HABŪB EL KHEIL, or ABU LEBBEN or UMLEBEINA or MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Woody, tomentose climber. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate or variable in shape, 1-5 in. long. Umbels many-flowered, lateral; cor. green, rotate, lobes under ¼ in. long; throat densely bearded with white hairs; coronal lobes fleshy, pointed. Follicles 2, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. & Upper Nile Prov. (Dueim to Kodok); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gadein); Bahr El Jebel (up to Lake Albert).

The pounded roots, mixed with water are said to be given to horses and cattle for flatulency.

=L. heterophylla= Decne. LUWEIS—Arab; ASHENON (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Slender woody twiner. Leaves very variable from linear-hastate to oval, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels several-flowered, sub-axillary; cor. 2-2½ lines in diam.; corona lobes fleshy, tipped with hairs. Foll. 1, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long.

Fung Prov. northwards; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

=L. Spartium= Wight. MARAKH or MERAKH & ZA’ANSHERAB ELMI (N. Kordn.)—Arab; AGWAIT—Hadendowa.

Switch-like, green-stemmed, glaucous shrub, 5-10 ft. high, generally leafless. Umbels subaxillary, flowers developing successively; cor. yellow, 5-lobed, small; corona green, fleshy. Foll. 2, lin.-lanceolate, terete, 3-4 in. long.

North Sudan; Red Sea, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces.

Yields a valuable fibre but difficult of extraction. Good camel fodder.

461 =Ceropegia nilotica= Kotschy.

Slender fleshy twiner with tuberous root. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed towards apex, 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, 2 flowered; cor. blackish-purple, yellow in throat, 1½ in. long; tube inflated at base; lobes connate at apex, ¼ in. long; corona double, inner yellowish.

Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land, Gondokoro).

=C. racemosa= N.E. Br.

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Flowers solitary, ⅓-1 in. apart on racemes, which are 2-4 in. long; cor. tube ¾ in. long, hairy inside; lobes ½ in. long, connate at apex, fringed; corona ciliate, double, 5 outer with 10 teeth ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas).

=C. stenantha= K. Schum. AKEISH or AGASH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKON (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; AGE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.

Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long, ciliolate on margin. Cymes 3-6 fl., umbelled, sublateral; cor. greenish; tube ½ in. inflated below; lobes ½ in. linear, connate at tips; corona double, minute.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur- land, Jur Ghattas).

The leaves are acid and can be eaten as spinach. The tuber is said to be a good substitute for a potato.

462 =Brachystelma phyteumoides= K. Schum.

Dwarf perennial; several stems, ab. 4 in. high, from a thick root stock. Leaves opp. linear, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long, nearly glabrous. Umbel terminal between a pair of leaves; cor. dark purple-brown; tubes short, lobes ¾ in. long; corona included in tube, very short, outer lobes bifid. Foll. fusiform.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; near Jur Ghattas).

463 =Echidnopsis nubica= N.E. Br.

Leafless, succulent, obtusely 8-angled plant, angles tesselately divided into obtuse tubercles. Fl. fascicled near tips of the stems; cor. very small, 5-lobed, purple-brown, or purple-brown dotted on green; corona single. Follicles up to 4 in. long and ⅓ in. thick, purplish.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).

464 =Caralluma longidens= N.E. Br.

Succulent branching 4-angled plant; branches attenuated upwards, 5-8 in. long; angles slightly toothed; teeth bearing fleshy, terete, deciduous leaves. Fl. solitary or 2 together along upper part of stem; cor. dark purple-brown; tube ¼-⅓ in. long; lobes ¼ in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; outer corona of 10 lin.-subulate teeth, ⅙ in. long, inner with 5 smaller teeth.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Laemeb).

=C. vittata= N.E. Br.

Succulent, glabrous, 4-angled plant, 6-8 in. high; angles slightly toothed; branches ⅓ to 1 in. thick, much attenuated upwards. Fl. 1-4 together, scattered on the terminal 2-4 in. of the branches; cor. tube whitish, streaked dark purple, ab. 1/7 in.; lobes ⅙ in. long, dark purple, glabrous; outer corona of 10 minute teeth.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. between sea level and 4,000 ft.).

=C. retrospiciens= N.E. Br. KAREIB—Hadendowa.

Succulent cactus-like plant, up to 3 ft. high, with ascending deeply 4-angled toothed branches, teeth broad, decurved. Umbels terminal or subterminal, several together forming a compound globose head up to 3 or 4 in. diam. Cor. 5-lobed, deep purplish-brown, tube ¼ in. long; lobes ¼ in., deltoid, fringed with dark hairs; outer corona with 5 pairs of teeth. Foll. ab. 6 in. long, linear, terete.

Kassala Prov. to Red Sea Prov.

465 =Huernia macrocarpa= N.E. Br.

Succulent perennial; stems 3-4 in. high, subquadrangular, angles coarsely toothed, teeth fleshy, recurved spinescent at apex. Follicles in pairs, 5-6 in. long, narrow, acute or hooked at apex.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Abu Gurun).

=RUBIACEÆ.=

466 =Sarcocephalus esculentus= Afzel. KARMUDODA—Arab; DOMA—Zande.

Small tree. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, cordate, ab. 6 in. long, almost mucronate; stipules interpetiolar, as in many of this family, caducous, ovate, short. Flower heads orange-coloured, globose, crowded; pistils exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Yields a gum. The core of the flower-heads is eaten. Wood light yellow with darker markings, density 0.676. A yellow dye is obtained from the roots.

=S. Russeggeri= Kotschy. KARMUDOD’A (Baggara)—Arab; N’DU—Golo; DAMMA or DOMA—Zande.

Shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Flower-heads white, sweet-scented, globose. Leaves usually broadly elliptical.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Korarak); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).

The core of the flower-heads is eaten, but in excess acts as an emetic. The wood, which is of a red colour, is used by the Niamniams for the manufacture of curious oracles, consisting of two pieces of wood, flattened and polished, which may or may not adhere together after being wetted. The root is said to be a fine bitter tonic.

467 =Adina microcephala= Hiern. MISTIKA or MISHKA (Medani, Fung Prov.)—Arab.

Moderate-sized tree. Leaves lanceolate, in whorls of 4, 4-6 in. long. Flowers compact on a globose, bracteolate receptacle. Seeds winged at each end.

Fung Prov. (Singa & Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

468 =Mitragyne macrophylla= Hiern.

Moderate-sized tree. Leaves elliptical, often broadly so. Flowering heads globose, cymosely arranged or umbellate. Fruit dicoccous; seeds winged both ends.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Jur-land).

The wood is used for making canoes, furniture and for housebuilding on the West Coast.

=M. africana= Korth. YO?—Arab; ANGOTO—Dinka; N’DUNGO—Golo; BIAMA—Jur; LAO—Nuer; KOFOKOFO—Zande?

Moderate-sized to fairly large tree, growing not far from water. Leaves ovate-elliptical, more or less cordate. Flower-heads globose, solitary, 1 in. diam.; cor. white, turning yellow. Seeds 2-winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab & Wau).

Wood white, rather soft, density 0.560, used for carving and in cabinet work; known as African Lime.

469 =Hymenodictyon Kurria= Hochst.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate to oval, 3-8 in. long. opposite; interpet. stipules ovate-oblong, ½ in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence spicate, 7 in. long. Bracts opposite, elliptical, marcescent, ab. 2 in. long on 1 in. long stalks.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: summit of Mt. Baginse).

=H. scabrum= Stapf.

A small scabrid shrub. Leaves obovate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, scabrid on the nerves below. Flowers not seen. Fruits narrowly ellipsoid, ¾ in. long, prominently lenticellate. Bahr El Jebel (Bari & Madi).

470 =Crossopteryx Kotschyana= Fenzl. DARITAR—Dinka; M’BILI or TIRI—Golo; AKOS—Jur.

Small tree. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, 1-8 in. long; stip. deltoid, acuminate. Flowers cream-coloured or pink, fragrant, in dense corymbose panicles. Capsule 2-celled, globose, crustaceous, ab. ¼ in. diam.; seeds peltate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Uganda (Nile Prov.).

471 =Pentas carnea= Benth.

Shrubby, 1-2 ft. high, harshly pallid-puberulous. Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 1-6 in. long; stip. multipartite, subulate. Cymes usually dense, 1-3 in. in diameter. Cor. purplish, hairy at throat. Capsule 2-celled, coriaceous, many seeded.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=P. arvensis= Hiern.

Rambling perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate. Cymes 1-3 in. across; cor. white with purple throat, which is hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land).

=P. Schweinfurthii= Scott Elliot.

Herb. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 4½ in. long, 2 in. broad, with numerous densely pubescent lateral nerves. Flowers light mauve, in paniculate clusters.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

472 =Otomeria madiensis= Oliv.

Somewhat shrubby perennial, up to ab. 3 ft. high, hairy. Interpet. stipules sheathing, each with 3 subulate teeth. Leaves elliptical, hairy on veins, opposite. Spikes terminal, simple or branched, 1 ft. long; flowers 1 in. long, pink; cor. tube hairy. Capsule ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

473 =Oldenlandia grandiflora= Hiern.

Herb, up to 4 ft. high. Flowers crimson, mostly tetramerous in this genus, corymbose; cor. salver-shaped. Fruit subglobose, crowned with calyx teeth. Leaves opposite, upper sometimes needle-shaped, lower narrow-lanceolate; stipules sheathing, short, 2-3 pointed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Um Sutt); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

=O. senegalensis= Hiern.

Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Flowers white or pink, paniculately cymose; cor. salver-shaped, tube slender, glabrous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Fruit as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Bari-country).

=O. Schimperi= T. Anders.

Annual, 1-3 ft. high, glandular-scabrous; branches virgate. Leaves linear; stipules 1-3 pointed. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Capsule subglobose.

Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=O. virgata= DC.

Switch-like herb, 2 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, curled margins; stipules with 2-3 bristly points. Flowers panicled; cor. cylindrical or salver-shape. Fruit sub-globose.

Kordofan Prov. (Tueir); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

=O. Welwitschii= Hiern.

Small herb with white tubular, cruciform flowers.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Dongonab).

=O. strumosa= Hiern.

Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, terminal; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Fruit subglobose.

Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov.

=O. lancifolia= Schwfth.

Herb with linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, axillary, solitary; cor. not longer than calyx. Capsule furrowed, compressed-globose.

Blue Nile Prov. (near Lakanda); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=O. macrophylla= DC.

Aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long. Flowers white or pale blue, pentamerous, in racemose or panicled cymes. Capsule minute.

Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=O. trinervia= Retz.

Weak, slightly hairy annual. Leaves broadly ovate or rotundate, tapering to 3-nerved base. Flowers in small clusters on short peduncles, tetramerous; cor. length of the calyx. Capsule hirsute, globose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=O. corymbosa= Linn.

Erect or ascending annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, or apiculate. Stipules short, pectinate. Flowers usually in pairs, on filiform peduncles. Corolla white.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

A decoction of the root is used in bilious fevers.

=O. octodon= A. Rich.

Low, straggly herb. Leaves linear, acute, about ½ in. long, Flowers very small, clustered and sessile at the nodes. Calyx lobes setose.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau & Nianniam-land).

=O. capensis= Linn.

Herb, 4-9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Peduncles 2 to several together, 1-flowered, axillary or terminal; cor. white, slightly longer than calyx. Capsule minute, 4-ribbed.

Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=O. wauensis= Schwfth.

Glabrous herb, 1 ft. high; branches with 4 raised lines. Leaves linear; stipules sheathing, with many bristles. Flowers mostly pentamerous, in pairs, small. Capsule coriaceous, oblong, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).

=O. Heynei= Oliv.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Lower flowers solitary, upper in a paniculate cyme. Cor. salver-shaped; tube slender, glabrous within, twice the length of calyx. Fruit subglobose.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land).

=O. effusa= Oliv.

Tall herb. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Flowers 4-merous, lilac, in paniculate cymes. Fruit globose.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa).

=O. cf. O. effusa= Oliv.

Almost leafless herb with weak branches. Flowers pale red outside; corolla very slender, ¾ in. long, with 4 linear very acute lobes, fruits 1/10 in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (Um Dam, 1,245 S.G.H.).

=O. sp.=

Leafy much-branched herb. Leaves linear-oblanceolate acute, 1½ in. long, shortly pubescent. Corolla ¼ in. long, with 4 short obtuse lobes.

Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé, 1,648 S.G.H.).

=O. noctiflora= Hiern.

Glabrous annual. Leaves linear. Flowers white, opening at night.

Red Sea Prov.

=O. hedyotoides= Boiss.

Herb, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval. Flowers minute, clustered in axils of the leaves; cor. white. Capsule coriaceous, 4-ribbed.

Blue Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

=O. dolichantha= Stapf.

Slender herb with subsimple stems. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, about 1¾ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Corolla very long, up to 5 in. long, very slender.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

474 =Mussænda luteola= Del.

Shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a yellow leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, yellow, fragrant.

Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: near M’volo & Niamniam-land); Upper Sobat; Mongalla Prov. (south of Gondokoro); Lake Rudolf.

=M. arcuata= Poir.

Climbing shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a white leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, yellow with purplish or orange, hairy throat.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).

=M. erythrophylla= Schum. & Thonn.

Shrub or climber. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a red leaf. Cor. white or yellowish, tube densely reddish-hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

A handsome decorative plant.

475 =Anthospermum pachyrrhizum= Hiern.

Heath-like undershrub with fascicled, scabrid, linear leaves, ⅔ in. long; stipules subulate. Calyx minute, 1-2 lobes enlarged, leaf-like. Cor. funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dicoccous.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,200 ft.).

476 =Stipularia elliptica= Schwfth.

Small, somewhat cottony shrub. Leaves elliptical, apiculate, wedge- shaped or obtuse at base. Flowers white in solitary axillary heads enclosed in 1 or 2 red or purple bracts.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

477 =Tarenna nilotica= Hiern.

Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or obovate, papery. Flowers ½ in. long, white, 5-merous, in dense sessile corymbs; cor. salver-shaped. Berry globular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

478 =Randia nilotica= Stapf. KHARUM or TAKIRNI (Baggara), ABU MARFEIN (Bahr El Ghazal), SIMEIN & SHIDR EL MARFEIN (Baggara), UMKALOL, UMSHALALO & YAU (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; UMDAMUN (Dilling) & RŪT (Tagele)—Nuba; KULUJI—Bari; AGHEI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; DIG—Burun.

Stiff, spinous shrub; spines opposite or alternate. Leaves usually obovate, cuneate at base, 3 in. long. Flowers usually creamy white, sometimes orange or greenish-yellow, solitary or few together, almost axillary or on short lateral shoots, pentamerous. Fruit subglobose, crowned by calyx lobes, up to 1½ in. long.

Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile (Goz El Siada), Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

The fruit is said to act as a fish poison and as an antidote to arrow poison. It is a useful emetic.

=R. genipæflora= DC.

Straggling shrub to small tree, unarmed. Leaves oval or oblong, thin in texture, cuneate at base up to 6 in. long. Flowers white, stellate, ¾ in. long, in short dense axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

=R. sp.= KIRKIR (Baggara) & SOGHEIT (Fung)—Arab; MAINTU (Dilling & J. Ghulfan) & TINTURING (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Tall shrub or small tree with large light green leaves and fruit size of a small orange. Flowers not seen.

Fung Prov. (Roseires, edges of Khors); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba).

By the Nubas the fruit is said to be edible.

=R. malleifera= Benth. BIRKWA—Jur; BLIPPO—Zande.

Ornamental puberulous shrub, 8-15 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, opposite or apparently 3 together at end of twigs by suppression of the node, the solitary pendulous flower replacing the missing leaf. Corolla tawny hairy outside, white inside; tube 3 in. long, slender; lobes ab. 2-3 in. in diam., fragrant. Fruit globose, obscurely ribbed, 1½ in. across, crowned by calyx lobes; style long, clapper-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shady Khors).

Yields a black sap with which the Niamniams paint their bodies.

=R. sp.=

Large shrub, no flowers seen; branchlets tomentose. Leaves ovate- orbicular, softly pubescent on the nerves beneath, about 3 in. broad. Young fruits ellipsoid, glabrous.

Mongalla Prov. (Kagi Ko, Yei River, Sillitoe 333).

=R. macrantha= DC.

Climbing shrub. Leaves oval or obovate-oblong, deciduous, crowded at ends of branches. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, fragrant. Cor. green and white; tube slender; limb 2½ in. diam.; style long. Fruit globose or pear-shaped, 1½ in. diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

479 =Morelia senegalensis= A. Rich. KUUM—Dinka; MUNDONGO or YAMALA—Golo; BAKIWE—Zande.

Large shrub to small tree. Leaves oval or oblong, 2-7 in. long. Flowers up to ½ in. long, white, fragrant, clustered in axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ½ in. diam., green.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (watercourses).

The straight stems are used for lance-shafts.

480 =Gardenia Jovis-Tonantis= Welw. BAGGIS—Arab; MAMELE-BA—Bongo; CHII—Golo; AKANJA—Jur.

Shrub. Leaves ternate, oval or obovate. Flowers solitary, terminal, aromatic, yellowish, 6-11-merous, 1-3 in. across. Fruit more or less spindle-shaped, when ripe subtranslucent, yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Moru territory, near Ayi River).

Shrub very similar to G. lutea, very ornamental. Fruit is edible and tastes like an inferior apple.

=G. Aqualla= Stapf & Hutchinson.

Shrub, 4-7 ft. high. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, elongate-obovate, about 6 in. long, scabrid above, pubescent below. Flowers white, at length yellow; corolla appressed-tomentose. Fruit ellipsoid, beaked, ribbed, 1½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=G. erubescens= Stapf & Hutchinson (= =G. Tinneæ= Vig.).

Tree, 15-20 ft.; branchlets softly tomentose. Leaves verticillate, broadly obovate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, often reddish, Flowers yellow; corolla sparingly pubescent. Fruit edible.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Reggo).

=G. lutea= Fresen. ABBAKA, ABU GAWI & BAGGIS—Arab; MAGAL (J. Daier)—Nuba; KUGO—Bongo; DAUNG (Bahr El Ghazal) & DONG (or ADONG) (Mongalla) & DUNK—Dinka; DUFITI—Bari; AKLIMBO or CHII—Golo; RUNDA—Hameg; ADWANG—Jur; M’BEGGE—Zande.

Shrub, often spiny, the spines formed by abortive branches. Leaves oval or obovate, up to 6 in. long, opposite or 3-4 together. Flowers solitary, terminal, 6-10-merous; calyx often spathaceous, slit on one side; cor. white or yellow, lobes up to 1½ in. long, contorted. Fruit ovoid or globose, up to 4 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands); South of Lat. 13° N.

The roots, boiled with Dura flour are taken by the natives as a cure for Blackwater fever. Wood hard, dense, even-grained, light-yellow, used for knife handles. Yields a fragrant resin called ABU BEKA by Arabs. The fruit is a fish-poison.

=G. Vogelii= Hook. f. BIANGA—Zande.

Shrub to small tree. Leaves dark-green, oval or obovate, up to 10 in. long, opposite. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, fragrant, 5-merous, ab. 6 in. long. Fruit spindle-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).

The fruit yields a blue-black dye, used by the Azande for staining their faces.

=G. urcelliformis= Schwfth.

Shrubby. Leaves opposite or ternate, elliptical, 3-5 in. long. Flowers solitary, terminal; ovary urn-shaped. Fruit ovoid, 2 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

481 =Amaralia heinsioides= Wernham.

Scandent shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, subcordate at the base, 7-8 in. long, about 4 in. broad, thin, glabrous. Corolla bell-shaped, tubular at the base, white outside; lobes rose, tomentose outside. Berry red.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diamvonu River).

=A. bignoniæflora= Welw.

Scandent shrub or tree. Leaves evergreen, opposite, oval, up to 9 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate, under 3 in. long; cor. white outside and purple inside, or orange blotched with purple. Fruit oblong, 4 in. long, red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

482 =Macrosphyra longistyla= Hook. f.

Scandent, tawny, hairy shrub. Leaves opposite, hirsute, oval, ovate or obovate, up to 7 in. long, deciduous. Flowers 2-3 in. long with style exserted by as much again, subsessile and clustered at extremities of branches. Cor. cream-coloured; style green. Berry pear-shaped or globose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

483 =Oxyanthus formosus= Hook. f.

Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, subauriculate, 8-11 in. long. Fl. 5-8 in. long, white, in axillary ebracteolate panicles, not longer than the leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=O. unilocularis= Hiern.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, auriculate-cordate, 10-20 in. long. Flowers 4-6 in. long, white, in branched axillary panicles shorter than leaves. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam., crowned with persistent calyx limb, 1-celled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors near Deim Zubeir).

=O. macrophyllus= Schwfth.

Tree, 50-60 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate-oblong, subauriculate, 12-16 in. long. Flowers 6 in. long, white, in dense axillary panicles. Fruit globose, fleshy, 2-celled with 1 seed in each cell.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Jur-land).

484 =Feretia apodanthera= Del.

Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval, papery, 1½ in. long. Flowers white, ¾ in. long, subsessile, clustered on short lateral shoots; anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla. Fruit ¼ in. in diameter.

Kassala Prov. (Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Dar Fertit; between Wau & Deim Zubeir).

The fruit can be used as a substitute for coffee (fide A. Rich).

485 =Tricalysia niamniamensis= Schwfth.

Puberulous shrub with straight branches. Stipules intrapetiolar, broad- deltoid, apiculate, connate. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, narrowed to base, with tufts of hairs on axils of veins, up to 3½ in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, ⅓ in. long, subsessile, axillary. Berry pubescent, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=T. djurensis= Hiern.

Puberulous shrub. Differs from above by leaves being rounded or slightly hollowed at the base. Cor. greenish. Fruit 1-seeded, red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=T. okelensis= Hiern.

Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, papery. Flowers in axillary clusters, 5-7-merous; style somewhat hairy above, 2-3-cleft. Berry ¼ in. diam., at first yellow, then red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Khor Okel).

486 =Guettarda sp.=

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

487 =Pentanisia Schweinfurthii= Hiern.

Dwarf herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse; stipules 2-3 cuspidate. Flowers ½ in. long, lilac, sessile, in branched heads. Fruit subglobose, puberulous, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

488 =Cremaspora africana= Benth.

Pubescent subscandent shrub, with supra-axillary spreading branches. Leaves dimorphous, oval to oblong, 4 in. long, acuminate, or below the base of the branchlets auricled, subreniform, up to 1½ in. in diam. Flowers 5-merous, white, fragrant, under ½ in. long, subsessile, 2-6 in short axillary clusters.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela, Bongo, Niamniam & Jur lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

Fruits yield a blue colour like Indigo.

489 =Polysphæria parvifolia= Hiern.

Shrub, 7 ft. high, with supra-axillary branchlets. Leaves dimorphous, oval to ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, or below the branchlets suborbicular and cordate. Flowers small, 4-merous, axillary, 3-5 together in sessile clusters. Berry ¼ in. in diam.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat).

=P. Schweinfurthii= Hiern.

Much branched shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oblong-ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, up to 4 in. long. Calyx persistent, 4-toothed. Berries 1-2 together, ¼ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Malgo Stream).

490 =Canthium zanzibaricum= Klotzsch.

Unarmed shrub, sometimes scandent; branches at first green, turning white. Leaves coriaceous, oval to ovate, obtusely acuminate, rather unequal, under 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, in dense axillary panicles. Fruit 2-lobed, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam and Bongo lands).

=C. polycarpum= Schwfth.

Tree, 40 ft. high, in habit not unlike a tree-fern. Leaves oval, acuminate, papery. Fruits numerous, 2-lobed, ¼ in. long, wrinkled; seeds horse-shoe shaped. Panicle sub-globose, axillary, 2-3 in long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. venosum= Oliv.

Unarmed shrub, tree or climber; young parts rusty-hispid. Branches ashy; leaves oval-ovate to lanceolate, subcoriaceous, with hairy depressions in axils of veins, up to 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, axillary, in globose panicles, 1 in. in diam. Fruit globose, hard, ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands and near Badari’s); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. crassum= Schwfth.

Unarmed shrub, 5-15 ft. high; bark corky-white. Leaves subcoriaceous, obovate or oval, 6-9 in. long, opposite. Flowers 4-5-merous, ¼ in. long, in lateral and axillary panicles, below the young leaves.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Mittu lands).

=C. nitens= Hiern.

Glossy, unarmed shrub; branches ashy, thickened at nodes. Leaves coriaceous, shining, oval acuminate, up to 4 in. long. Flowers axillary, numerous, umbellate. Fruit obovoid-oblong, under ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=C. Schimperianum= A. Rich.

Nearly glabrous arborescent shrub. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glossy above, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, umbellate. Fruit ¼ in. long, obscurely wrinkled.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

491 =Vangueria venosa= Hochst.

Large shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., deciduous, elliptical, narrowed to both ends, glabrous. Fl. greenish, in lax lateral and axillary panicles, 1-2 in. in diam. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 sided, 1 in. in diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands).

Fruit is eaten.

=V. abyssinica= A. Rich.

Unarmed shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, velvety, 2-5 in. long; stipules caudate, from a broad connate base. Fl. small, yellowish-green, in branched panicles, 1 in. in diam.; cor. velvety outside. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 channelled.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli and Abu Sugra on the left bank of the Blue Nile).

=V. apiculata= K. Schum.

Scandent shrub. Leaves ovate, gradually acuminate, 3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes axillary, very shortly pedunculate; pedicels softly tomentose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

492 =Meyna tetraphylla= Robyns.

Subscandent puberulous shrub, 20 ft. high, with opposite spinous branches; spines ½-1 in. long, decussate or opposite a spine-like branchlet. Leaves crowded on short shoots, pseudo-verticillate in fours, oval, chartaceous. Fl. in short axillary clusters on hairy stalks, 4-5-merous, very small; cor. hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Abu Gurun’s Zeriba); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

493 =Rytiginia pauciflora= Robyns.

Spinous shrub up to 15 ft. high; spines supra-axillary, opposite, up to ⅓ in. long. Leaves ovate, obtusely acuminate. Flowers small, solitary or 2 together; cor. glabrous with 6-8 tailed lobes. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-4 ribbed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).

=R. euonymoides= Blume.

Unarmed shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate, obtusely acuminate, obliquely narrowed at the base, chartaceous with small tufts of hairs in axils of the lateral nerves beneath. Fl. 2-3 together, minute; cor. throat hairy. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-5 ribbed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land).

494 =Fadogia leucophlœa= Hiern.

Unarmed shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, shortly cuneate, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, glabrous, bright green. Fl. clustered, crowded; calyx and ovary pubescent; corolla 6-lobed; disk hairy. Fruit 2-3 lobed or oblique, ⅓ in. long, minutely pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; Bongo-land).

=F. agrestis= Schwfth.

Herbaceous, hairy undershrub, 2 ft. high, branching from the base. Leaves ternate, oval. Fl. hairy, in short axillary panicles. Fruit ribbed, tipped by persistent calyx, ½ in. broad.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=F. Cienkowskii= Schwfth.

Hirsute undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 together, oval, obtuse, chartaceous; stipules apiculate. Fl. 1-3 on a short axillary peduncle; cor. short, funnel-shaped; lobes 5-6. Drupe globose.

Fung Prov. (Fadoga).

=F. glaberrima= Schwfth.

Glabrous undershrub; branches ternate. Leaves ternate, oval, subsessile. Fl. minute, 3 together on an axillary peduncle; cor. greenish-white; lobes 5-6.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

495 =Temnocalyx ancylanthus= Robyns.

Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oval, chartaceous, glabrous, 1-3 in. long; stip. apiculate, covering a ring of caducous white hairs. Fl. nearly 1 in. long, greenish-white, 1-4 together on a short peduncle; cor. funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; stigma 5-lobed at the tip.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).

=var. puberula= Robyns.

Leaves pubescent on the nerves below.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

496 =Craterispermum laurinum= Benth.

Shrub. Leaves yellowish-green on both sides, opposite, obovate-oval, 2-9 in. long. Fl. ¼ in. long, in stalked clusters, 1 in. in diam.; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. diam. Berry obliquely globular, ab. ¼ in. in diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. Schweinfurthii= Hiern.

Undershrub. Leaves pale yellowish-green on both sides, oval acuminate, coriaceous, 5-6 in. long; stipules broadly ovate, connate at base. Fl. white, ⅓ in. long, in somewhat supra-axillary pedunculate heads. Berry black-purple, ⅜ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

497 =Ixora radiata= Hiern.

Large shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves opposite, evergreen, oval to narrow-elliptic, undulate, glossy, up to 12 in. long. Fl. 2-3 in. long, rose-coloured, crowded in branched clusters; cor. tube slender, lobes ¼ in. long. Berry subglobose or subdidymous, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=I. sp.?= TURA (Baggara)—Arab; KURUWI (J. Eliri) & TIMLEIRRUK (Kadugli)—Nuba.

Shrub. Fl. not seen. Fruit a globular berry.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks).

498 =Pavetta subcana= Hiern. PALANJEKE—Golo.

Small, hoary shrub. Leaves opp., oval, pubescent, 1-2 in. long, rounded or emarginate at apex. Fl. ¾ in. long, crowded, many together at ends of short naked branches; cor. tube slender, pubescent, lobes 4. Berry fleshy, pea-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=P. genipæfolia= Sch. & Thonn.?

Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, chartaceous, at first hirsute- pubescent, 3-9 in. long. Fl. ⅔ in. long, in dense, globose panicles, 2-4 in. diam.; calyx-lobes obovate-oblong, foliaceous, ½ in. long; cor. tube slender. Fr. globose, ⅓ in. diam., crowned by persistent calyx, shining, with scattered hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=P. gardeniæfolia= Hochst.

Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate, often marked with immersed glands, 1-3 in. long; stip. ovate, apiculate, covering caducous hairs. Fl. 4-merous, white, ½ in. long, in drooping corymbs, up to 1½ in. long. Berry fleshy, ¼ in. in diam.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,800 ft.).

=P. Oliveriana= Hiern.

Velvety-hairy shrub. Leaves oval, subacuminate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, 1½ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs, 5 in. in diam. Berry fleshy.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=P. Baconia= Hiern.

Large shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, acuminate, 3-8 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, ab. ¼ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs 2-3 in. across, with 2 foliaceous bracts at the base; cor. throat bearded. Berry 2-channelled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).

=P. ruwenzoriensis= S. Moore.

Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, thinly pubescent on both sides, 5 in. long. Flowers in dense terminal corymbs. Calyx lobes linear. Corolla nearly 1 in. long, pure white. Anthers dark.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=P. near P. ruwenzoriensis= S. Moore.

Like the preceding, but corymbs axillary and terminal and leaves narrowly obovate, glabrous.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

499 =Coffea sp.= (= =C. liberica= Hiern?).

Shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, acute at the base, about 10 in. long and 5 in. broad, papery, glabrous. Flowers large. Corolla about 1¼ in. long. Anthers exserted, ⅓ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

500 =Rutidea olenotricha= Hiern.

Climbing shrub with opposite, shortly tomentose branches. Leaves opp., obovate-oval, with hairy tufts beneath in axils of lateral nerves, up to 5½ in. long. Flowers 5-merous, in little heads collected in terminal pyramidal panicles; cor. whitish, hairy outside, with unpleasant smell. Fruit pea-shaped, fleshy.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=R. sp.=

Climbing shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad. Fruits globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Schwfth. 3113).

501 =Morinda lucida= Benth.

Small tree; branchlets rounded. Leaves elliptic, 6 in. long, 3 in. broad, shining. Peduncles in pairs, slender. Fruit a deeply lobed syncarpium.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek & Tonj).

=M. longiflora= G. Don.

Shrub, often scandent. Leaves opp., oval, acuminate, 2-6 in. long; stipules short, broad, connate and sheathing. Fl. 1-2 in. long, 3-8 together in terminal heads; cor. white or copper-coloured, 6-lobed. Fr. a succulent syncarpium, 1½ in. in diam., orange-coloured.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

502 =Psychotria sulphurea= Schwfth.

Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oval, 5-6 in. long; stip. broadly ovate, 3-pointed. Fl. ⅛ in. long, sulphur-coloured, crowded in terminal, simple or branched cymes. Berry 2-lobed, ¼ in. in diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Niamniam lands).

=P. cristata= Hiern.

Shrubby. Leaves oval or elliptical, acuminate, 3-7 in. long, margins revolute. Fl. minute, 5-merous, in dense corymbose cymes; cor. white with yellow throat, lobes keeled and crested on back. Fr. subglobose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. & Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

=P. Schweinfurthii= Hiern.

Shrubby creeping plant. Leaves opp., oval or elliptical. Fl. ¼ in. long, in crowded terminal panicles; cor. funnel-shaped, throat thinly hairy. Fr. subglobose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=P. mucronata= Hiern.

Glabrous undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oval; stip. ovate, longer than the petiole, bifid. Fl. cymose; cor. white, 5-lobed, sweet-scented like the Elder. Fruit subglobose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=P. nubica= Del.

Glabrous shrub, 7 ft. high. Leaves elliptical, 3 in. long; stip. triangular. Fl. ½ in. long, 5-merous, 3-6 together, in 3-branched terminal cymes. Fruit subglobose.

Fung Prov. (Singa).

503 =Geophila uniflora= Hiern.

Creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes. Leaves reniform, cordate, 1-2 in. long, opposite; stip. ovate or rounded, 1 line long. Fl. solitary, white, ⅓ in. long, bracteate at base; cor. throat densely bearded. Fr. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hoo River).

=G. involucrata= Schwfth.

Creeping puberulous herb. Leaves almost round; stip. semicircular. Fl. enclosed in cup-shaped involucre of oval bracts, white, ⅓ in. long. Fr. fleshy, pea-shaped.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

504 =Cephaëlis suaveolens= Schwfth.

Undershrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval; stip. broadly oval, connate at base, bifid, puberulous. Fl. ab. ¼ in. long, 5-merous, white, sweet- scented, crowded in subterminal and axillary, solitary heads, 1 in. in diam., with 4 involucral bracts. Berry oval, 12-grooved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Okel).

505 =Diodia breviseta= Benth.

Trailing or scandent herb, with scabrid, quadrangular branches. Leaves opp., elliptical, 1-2 in. long, margins scabrid or serrulate; stipules of 5 bristles arising from a short truncate base. Fl. white, 4-merous, sessile, few or several together, axillary. Fr. dicoccous, ⅙ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo River).

506 =Gaillonia calycoptera= Jaub. & Spach.

Rigid undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. linear, fleshy, sessile, ¼-1 in. long; stipules sheathing, each with 2 bristles and adnate to the base of the leaves. Fl. small, sessile, or nearly so, solitary or few together, sheathed at base by a pale, calyx-like, 6-cleft involucre, in simple or alternately branched terminal spikes. Fruit dicoccous.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).

507 =Spermacoce tenuissima= Schwfth.

Very slender glabrous annual. Leaves opp., scabrous, sessile, narrow- linear, acute; stip. truncate and tipped with 1-4 bristles (setæ). Fl. 4-merous in small axillary and terminal sessile heads based by 2 pairs of leaves at right angles to each other; cor. purplish. Fr. dicoccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=S. Phyteuma= Schwfth.

Stiff hispid annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves scabrous, sessile, linear- lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. pale-purple in dense axillary and terminal heads based by 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. dicoccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=S. senensis= Hiern.

Herb. Leaves opp., sessile, lanceolate or elliptical, with scabrous margins; stipules with hairy sheath and 5-7 setæ. Fl. white, ¼ in. long, in axillary sessile, verticillate heads based by 1-2 pairs of leaves. Capsule straw-coloured, ⅙ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=S. hebecarpa= Oliv.

Slender annual, 18 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, scabrid on the margins, 2 in. long; stip. with hairy sheath and 3-5 setæ. Fl. in axillary and terminal, sessile, leafy heads based by the dilated sheath of the stip. of 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. pubescent.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=var. major= Schwfth.

More robust than type and up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 in. long. Bracteoles very numerous, longer than subulate calyx teeth.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=S. leucadea= Hochst.

Erect annual with whitish hairs; stems and branches 4-angled. Leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile, scabrous, 1-2 in. long; stipules yellowish, with 5 bristles. Fl. small, 4-merous, in axillary and terminal, verticillate and capitate, leafy heads. Capsule ¼ in. long, hairy above.

Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. radiata= Sieber.

Hirsute annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, hispid on the midrib beneath, 2½ in. long; stip. with 7-9 slender bristles. Fl. small, white, in dense clusters, up to 1 in. diam., at the ends of stem and branches.

Kordofan Prov.

=S. Ruelliæ= DC.

Hispid herb; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, nearly linear, up to 3 in. long; stip. with 7 slender bristles. Fl. white, small, verticillate in axils and terminal; clusters sessile. Fr. dicoccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=S. Kotschyana= Oliv.

Procumbent or erect herb, 18 in. high, 4-angled, scabrous. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, up to 3 in. long. Fl. small, in dense verticillate axillary and terminal, leafy and bracteolate heads 1 in. in diam.; bracteoles pale-red, filiform. Fr. pubescent, dicoccous.

Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).

=S. compacta= Hochst.

Herb, 8-16 in. high; stem marked with raised lines. Leaves opp., linear to oval, 1-2 in. long, scabrous on margins. Fl. small, in dense verticillate, leafy, sessile terminal and axillary heads, ½ to ¾ in. diam. Capsule minute, puberulous.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).

=S. dibrachiata= Oliv.

Rigid herb, 18 in. high, white-hispid. Leaves lanceolate with revolute margins, 2-3 in. long. Fl. ¾ in. long, sky-blue or purple, in dense terminal sessile heads based by the dilated stip. of the uppermost leaves. Fruit dicoccous.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=S. globosa= Schum. & Thonn.

Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves opp., narrow- elliptic, 2½ in. long; stip. with 3-7 bristles. Fl. small, white, in terminal globose clusters based by the reflexed or obsolete upper pair of leaves. Fr. dicoccous.

White Nile Prov.

=S. sphærostigma= A. Rich.

Annual, 2½ ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 4 in. long; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. ½ in. long in dense sessile, terminal and axillary heads, exceeded by the uppermost, spreading leaves. Fr. dicoccous, bursting round the base.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

508 =Octodon filifolium= Schum. & Thonn.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., filiform up to 4 in. long. Fl. 10-20 together within the stipular sheath of the upper leaves and surrounded by numerous filiform bracts; calyx teeth 8, purple; cor. lobes 4, white. Fr. dicoccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, swampy places).

509 =Mitracarpum scabrum= Zucc.

Sturdy branched annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval or oblong, 1-2½ in. long, with scabrous margins; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. white in verticillate and terminal heads. Fr. more or less 2-lobed, bursting in a ring round the middle, the upper portion somewhat like a mitre.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro, Muriel S/93); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

510 =Rubia discolor= Turcz.

Scabrous, scandent, perennial; branches 4-angled. Leaves verticillate, ovate, cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, up to 2 in. long, 3-5 nerved. Fl. small, in axillary and terminal cymes. Fr. 2-lobed, fleshy.

Bahr El Jebel (“beyond 2½° N. lat.”).

511 =Galium Aparine= Linn.

Scandent scabrid annual with 4-angled branches. Leaves 6-9 in a whorl, linear to narrow-elliptic, finely prickly on the margins, up to 1 in. long, 1-nerved. Fl. small, white or greenish. Fr. minute, covered with hooked hairs.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Has Has).

=G. simense= Hochst.

Prostrate, glabrous and angular herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, 1-nerved. Fl. purple, 3 together at ends of short lateral branches. Fr. 2-lobed, coriaceous.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

=G. Decaisnei= Boiss.

Annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves 6 in a whorl, the upper linear, 1-nerved, the lower spathulate. Fl. purple, minute, in slender divaricate, terminal panicles.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

=G. rotundifolium= Linn.

Perennial; stems angular, hispidulous. Leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, 3-nerved, bristly on margins, ¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in terminal branched panicles, 4-merous. Fr. bristly-hairy.

Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 9,200 ft.).

=G. Mollugo= Linn.

Nearly glabrous perennial. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear 1-nerved, ½ in. long, finely scabrid on margins. Fl. small, white, in branched terminal panicles. Fr. very small, subrugose, coriaceous.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=G. sp.=

Very small delicate herb with thread-like branches. Leaves whorled, linear, ⅛ in. long. Flowers minute, on very slender pedicels. Ovary villous.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=COMPOSITÆ.=

A. Flower-heads homogamous; florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, white, rose, purple or violet, never distinctly yellow. Leaves alternate or with all or only lower leaves opposite.

512 =Sparganophorus Vaillantii= Gærtn.

Glabrous annual. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to elliptical. Flower-heads ab. ⅓ in. in diam.; bracts numerous; involucre hemispherical.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

513 =Ethulia conyzoides= Linn. HASHISH EL FARRAS, RIHAN & UMREHAUN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Branched herb, ab. 3 ft. high. Capitula of purple florets, up to ¼ in. broad, in diffuse corymbose cymes; invol. bracts numerous. Leaves linear to narrow elliptic, 1-5 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

514 =Erlangea cordifolia= Benth.

Erect branching herb. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, sessile, serrulate, scabrid above and hoary beneath, 1-3 in. long. Capitula campanulate ab. ⅓ in. diam.; florets purple.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).

=E. Rüppellii= Sch. Bip.

Hoary-tomentose herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or the lower opp., linear-lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long. Capitula ab. ⅓ in. in diam., in diffuse terminal corymbose cymes.

Upper White Nile Prov.

=E. polycephala= O. & H.

Erect, more or less hoary-tomentose herb. Upper leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, base sessile, obtuse or amplexicaul. Capitula small in diffuse cymose panicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur to Meshra, Niamniam-land).

515 =Vernonia jugalis= O. & H.

Herb 7-8 ft. high. Leaves obovate or oval, cuspidate, softly tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. long; capitula campanulate, ab. 30-flowered, ab. ½ in. long, in dense corymbose cymes 6 in. in diam.; florets rose-lilac.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=V. atriplicifolia= Jaub. & Spach.

Undershrub, ab. 3 ft. high, covered with close stiff silky hairs and scattered sessile glands. Leaves (as with others in this genus) alternate, ovate to rhomboidal with 1-3 coarse teeth on each side, up to 1 in. long. Capitula ab. 12-flowered in a diffuse leafy panicle, red or purplish.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

=V. turbinata= Oliv. & Hiern.

Large herb, closely white-tomentose. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, entire or denticulate, scabrous above, 2½ in. long. Capitula turbinate, many-flowered, ⅔ in. wide, purple, in an elongated terminal panicle.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).

=V. Perrottetii= Sch. Bip. AKIEIRA (Goz el Siada)—Dinka.

Pubescent or puberulous annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-linear, scabrid, up to 2 in. long. Capitula ab. 1 in. diam., campanulate, purple, solitary, terminating the numerous branches.

Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Hillet Nu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=V. violacea= O. & H.

Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, obovate-oblong, crenate- dentate, up to 3 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many-flowered ab. ⅔ in. wide, solitary, terminating numerous naked peduncles, 1-3 in. long. Inner pappus violaceous.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=V. ambigua= Kotschy & Peyr.

Erect, pilose annual ½-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, with subauricled base, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Cap. hemispherical ab. ¾ in. diam., in terminal corymbose cymes, up to 1 ft. diam.; cor. purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).

=V. undulata= O. & H.

Erect, puberulous herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate and ovate, undulate, 1-2 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ab. ⅓ in. across, in a lax corymbose cyme 6 in. across; flowers rose-blue.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, near Gumba).

=V. cinerascens= Sch. Bip.

Very like V. atriplicifolia; differs chiefly by its setaceous pappus.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=V. Smithiana= Less.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high, woody at base and silvery-hairy. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, silvery beneath, up to 2½ in. long. Heads hemispherical, ab. 1/5 in. wide, ab. 15-flowered, in small terminal panicles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=V. plumbaginifolia= Fenzl.

Herb, ab. 2 ft. high; stock woody. Leaves obovate-oblong or the upper linear, up to 1½ in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, ⅓ in. across in much branched terminal cymes.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: forest glades, Gir).

=V. purpurea= Sch. Bip.

Rigid scabrid herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, serrulate, scabrous, up to 6 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many- flowered, dull purple, ¾-1½ in. diam., solitary or in few-headed terminal cymes.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).

=V. Unionis= Schultz Bip.

Erect, thinly tomentose herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, upper lanceolate dentate-serrate, up to 6 in. long. Heads many-flowered, rose-purple, ½ in. diam., in a terminal panicled corymb ¼-1 ft. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=V. pauciflora= Less. GALANVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Erect, pubescent annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves elongated, acutely attenuate at both ends, serrulate, up to 6 in. long, dull yellowish green. Heads ab. 1 in. across, purple, in a terminal, forking, often leafy, cyme 6-12 in. long, and 3-6 in. wide.

Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

=V. amygdalina= Del. SURIB—Arab; HAIFERET—Rashida; TEIDE (Dilling)—Nuba; SHUGEIT—Hameg.

Shrub or small tree. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed both ends, 4-8 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ⅛-¼ in. wide, white, in dense, much branched globose or pyramidal panicles 4-12 in. diam.

Red Sea Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,000 ft.); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.

=V. inulæfolia= Steud.

Erect scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, or upper lanceolate, distantly serrulate 1-4 in. long; petioles somewhat clasping at the base, 2 lines long. Heads ab. ½ in. diam., many-flowered, in small terminal corymbs, 1½-3 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=V. infundibularis= O. & H.

Tall glabrous herb. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, entire, 1-3½ in. long, subsessile. Heads turbinate, many-flowered, 1-1½ in. diam, bluish violet, solitary or few together on peduncles up to 2½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulensho).

=V. Schweinfurthii= O. & H.

Perennial branching from a woody stock, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subsessile, almost glabrous, ½-2 in. long. Heads turbinate- hemispherical, reddish violet, ab. ½ in. diam., on peduncles up to 3 in. long, solitary or in corymbose cymes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Jur & Mittu lands).

=V. gerberæformis= O. & H.

Dwarf perennial ab. 6 in. high. Leaves radical, oblanceolate, denticulate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Scapes up to 1½ in. long, bearing 1 or more linear bracts. Heads widely-campanulate, ab. 1 in. long, solitary erect. Fl. bluish.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai).

=V. Kotschyana= Sch. Bip.

Tall erect herb. Leaves oblong-elliptical to oblanceolate, 2-6 in. long. Heads 1½-2 in. diam., solitary or in lax terminal cymes; cor. violet; inner scales of invol. wavy-linear-lanceolate, scarious.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes); Upper White Nile Prov. (from Sobat south); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

=V. firma= O. & H.

Herb; branches grooved, softly tomentose. Leaves elliptical, narrowed both ends, serrate-dentate, green and glabrous above, pale, tinged with red beneath. Heads campanulate, many-flowered ab. ½ in. diam., in a stiff corymbose cyme, leafy below, 6 in. diam; fl. rose-blue, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream).

=V. pumila= Kotschy & Peyr. BUTRUNGU—Golo.

Dwarf herb from perennial rootstock, 2-4 in. high, more or less leafless at flowering time. Heads 1-1½ in. diam., solitary or cymose; fl. purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (grassy plains); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).

=V. Aschersonii= Sch. Bip.

Diffuse shrubby herb, ab. 1 ft. high, extremities and leaves white pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, sessile, up to 1½ in. long. Heads campanulate, ab. 20-flowered, ⅓ in. broad, on slender pedicels, ab. 1 in. long, in numerous lax terminal cymes; cor. purple.

Darfur Prov. (Prairies 20-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Red Sea Prov. (near Talug Hilla).

=V. theophrastifolia= Schwfth.

Ab. 15 ft. high. Upper leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, obtuse, base sessile auricled amplexicaul, scurfy above, puberulous beneath, 13½ in. long. Heads subsessile, ab. 8-flowered, clustered 1-4 together, campanulate, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=V. Thomsoniana= O. & H.

Shrub with grooved, obscurely angular branches. Leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuate to the narrow-winged petiole, 3-4 in. long. Heads ⅙ in. diam., campanulate-oblong, closely crowded in corymbose terminal panicles, 6 in. across.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: below Kero & Reggo); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme?).

=V. conferta= Benth.

Tree, 20-25 ft. high with stout tomentose branches. Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, sinuous, thinly tomentose beneath, 1-3 ft. long. Heads ⅓ in. long, 10-18-flowered, in spiciform racemes arranged in ample terminal panicles; cor. greenish-white.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River).

=V. sp.=

Small tree. Leaves oblanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, stellate-pubescent, denticulate. Heads cymose. Bracts chaffy. Achenes deeply grooved, pubescent Pappus straw-coloured.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (on alluvium at Tonj, N. 313 S.G.H.).

=V. sp.=

Weak herb. Leaves obovate, remotely toothed, 2 in. long, softly pubescent. Invol. bracts linear, very acute, ⅙ in. long pubescent.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor. 1631 S.G.H.).

516 =Triplotaxis stellulifera= Hutchinson.

Diffuse decumbent annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate, ½ in. to nearly 2 in. long. Heads broad-campanulate, ab. ⅙ in. wide, ab. 20-flowered, in loose corymbose cymes; fl. violet.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River).

517 =Elephantopus scaber= Linn.

Erect villous or hirsute herb, 2-8 ft. high. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic or oblong, crenate-serrate with minute mucros on the tips of the serratures, scabrid above, pubescent beneath, 4-8 in. long; petiole amplexicaul. Heads ½ to ¾ in. diam. with an involucre of 3-5 ovate rotundate bracts.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

Said to possess febrifugal and diuretic properties.

518 =Adenostemma viscosum= Forst.

Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, cuneate at base, serrate or crenate-dentate up to 6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long. Heads ab. ⅓ in. wide in usually viscous pubescent axillary and terminal panicles; cor. white.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba).

519 =Ageratum conyzoides= Linn.

Hirsute herb. Leaves opp., or upper alternate, ovate, obtuse, base narrowed, crenate, 1-3 in. long. Heads ¼ in. diam., in dense terminal panicled corymbs. Fl. white to lilac or purple.

Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

An invading weed in most parts of the Tropics.

520 =Eupatorium africanum= O. & H.

Pubescent. Leafy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, base rounded, 3-nerved, 3 in. long. Heads ab. 5-flowered, ⅙ in. wide, in dense terminal, corymbose cymes, 1½-4 in. broad. Fl. white or purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of Gumba).

521 =Mikania scandens= Willd.

Twiner, ab. 40 ft. high. Leaves opp., from ovate to deltoid or hastate, base cordate or auricled, 1-5 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Heads ab. ¼ in. long, subsessile in terminal and axillary corymbose panicles. Fl. purplish, white or pale yellow.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near the Mbrwole River).

B. Flower-heads various, mostly (1) heterogamous; outer (ray) florets, usually female, sometimes neuter, ligulate, tubular or filiform; inner (disk) florets tubular, hermaphrodite, rarely wholly sterile; (2) homogamous by suppression of ray florets, tubular or campanulate and hermaphrodite; (3) unisexual. Corolla white, largely yellow, but also pink, purple or blue.

522 =Microtrichia Perrottetii= DC.

Pubescent herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, coarsely toothed, 1½ in. long. Heads many-flowered, small, yellow, heterogamous. Fl. tubular, denticulate, disk campanulate 5-fid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Tonj River near Addai).

523 =Dichrocephala latifolia= DC.

Erect herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate, 1½-3 in. long. Heads subglobose, heterog.; fem. fl. white, tubular, 2-3 dentate; hermaphr. fl. purple campanulate.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

524 =Grangea maderaspatana= Poir. RIMITH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; RUBEL—Rashida; KEIRANI—Hadendowa.

Hairy herb up to 1 ft. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid, ½-3 in. long. Heads yellow, small, 1-3 together, terminal or leaf-opposed, heterog.; fem. fl. narrow tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 4-5-fid.

Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland: Tonj River); Karawan.

The leaves are valued for their anodyne properties; they are also said to be stomachic and anti-spasmodic.

525 =Ceruana pratensis= Forsk.

Hairy herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid or coarsely toothed, base often clasping and auricled. Heads small, yellow cymose, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 5-fid.

North Sudan; Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

526 =Felicia Richardii= Vatke.

Wiry herb or shrub. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long, hispid. Heads solitary at ends of branches, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. hermaphr. or wholly or partly sterile, tubular, 5-toothed; anthers petaloid, linear-oblong. Fl. white.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).

527 =Microglossa volubilis= DC.

Small shrub, sometimes scandent. Leaves alt., ovate-acuminate, 1-4 in. long, puberulous. Heads small, in cymes 2-8 in. wide, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule narrow, white; hermaphr. fl. tubular, yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: gallery wood near Kulensho)

528 =Conyza ægyptiaca= Ait. DINSÏS & NAKHSHASH EL DUBBAN—Arab.

Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oblong to spathulate, margin subentire to pinnatifid, base amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Heads small, in corymbose, axillary or terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, whitish, ligule none; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-toothed, yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land: near the Boddo River); Lake Rudolf.

=C. stricta= Willd.

Woody herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear, spathulate, pinnatifid or dentate, amplexicaul, hispid, ½ in. long. Heads many-flowered in dense corymbose cymes, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform-ligulate whitish; hermaphr. fl. tubular 5-toothed, yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).

=C. Hochstetteri= Sch. Bip.

Stem creeping; branches erect, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong- lanceolate, auriculate-cordate, dentate, hairy, 1-2 in. long. Heads finally globose, in dense terminal cymes, ab. 1 in. diam., heterog.; female fl. filiform; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

529 =Blumea aurita= DC. BOFUFA—Zande.

Pubescent erect herb, 3 ft. high. Leaves alt.; radical leaves obovate or elliptical; cauline same or lyrate-pinnatipartite, auricled, 4½ in. long. Heads in corymbose terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, disk fl. hermaphr. or sterile.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd 8° 40″); Mongalla Prov.

=B. abyssinica= Sch. Bip.

Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves alt., linear, or lower oblanceolate, clasping. Fl. much as above.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=B. bifoliata= DC.

Herb. Leaves glandular-pilose, oblong-lanceolate, toothed in the upper half, broad at the base, about 1 in. long. Heads in leafy panicles ¼ in. long. Bracts linear, pilose.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=B. lacera= DC.

Pubescent herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate or oblanceolate, dentate, 1½ in. long. Heads purplish, in terminal panicles, heterog., as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, & Gazelle River); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa); Darfur Prov (J. Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

The plant is used as a febrifuge, also to stop bleeding. Mixed with black pepper, it is given in cholera. An astringent eye-wash is made from the leaves.

=B. gariepina= DC.

Small shrub covered with dense silky hairs. Leaves linear, decurrent, ½ in. long. Heads ⅓ in. long. Bracts subulate-linear. Flowers thread-like.

Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob).

530 =Laggera alata= Schultz Bip.

Stout tomentose, glandular herb, up to 6 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves alt. elliptical or elongate-oblong, decurrent, dentate, up to 10 in. long. Heads many-fl., in terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. tubular, toothed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, near Deim Bekir & Bongo-land, Sabbi).

=L. pterodonta= Sch. Bip.

Stout viscid herb, 2-7 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, decurrent, dentate, 6 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles, hermaphr., as above.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera).

=L. crassifolia= Schultz Bip.

Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic or oblong, glandulose- puberulous, decurrent, 2-3 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles. Fl. as above.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

531 =Pluchea Dioscoridis= DC.

Shrubby, 6 ft. or more. Leaves alt., oval to lanceolate, often auriculate-cordate, 1-2 in. long. Heads in terminal corymbose or globose panicles, heterog.; female fl. filiform; disk fl. tubular, mouth 3-fid, hermaphr. or sterile.

Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

532 =Epaltes gariepina= Steetz. RIMITH (Kordn.)—Arab; OLEI—Hadendowa; UM MUSEG—Rashida.

Scabrid undershr.; branches winged. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, acute, decurrent, 2½ in. long. Heads 3-6 together at extremities, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular or filiform; disk fl. tubular, dilated above, hermaphr., often sterile.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Um Darrag); Darfur Prov. (60 m. east of El Fasher); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam).

533 =Sphæranthus suaveolens= DC. SAGHLIFT, FORGEYH, SIRR EL WARD—Arab.

Erect herb, 2 ft. high; stem and branches winged. Leaves alt., linear to elliptic oblong, decurrent, dentate, 2-5 in. long. Heads few-flowered, red, subglobose, densely crowded on ovoid common receptacles which are solitary or 2-3 together, terminal or lateral. Fl. white or pink, heterog., female tubular 3-dentate; disk fl. tubular 5-dent. or sterile.

Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Mittu & Niamniam lands).

=S. Steetzii= O. & H.

Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high; branches winged above. Leaves linear to oblong, decurrent, ab. 2 in. long. Heads 5-flowered, the central fl. only male, the others female; common receptacle hemispherical, terminating stem and branches.

Blue Nile Prov.

=S. nubicus= Sch. Bip.

Erect glandular-hairy annual, ab. 2 ft. high; upper branches winged. Leaves linear to lanceolate, decurrent, 1-3 in. long. Heads 3-9 flowered, the central one male; common receptacle slightly convex, terminal.

Kordofan Prov.

=S. Brounæ= Robyns.

Herb, 1 ft. high, strongly scented, glandular and pilose. Leaves sessile, auriculate at the base, oblong, ½ in. long. Heads compound, globose, pedunculate, ⅓ in. in diam., pink.

Kordofan Prov. (near Agari).

534 =Phagnalon Schweinfurthii= Schultz Bip.

White lanate undershrub. Leaves alt., linear, amplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads wide-campanulate, many-flowered, terminal or from upper axils, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular-filiform, denticulate; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

=P. scalarum= Schweinfth.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,200 ft.).

535 =Achyrocline luzuloides= Vatke.

White lanate undershr. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads 4-8 flowered in dense hemispherical, terminal cymes, heterogamous; fem. fl. 3-5 radiate; hermaphr. 1-3 together; involucre white, shining.

Red Sea Prov.; between Suakin & Berber.

=A. glumacea= O. & H.

Hoary lanate undershr. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-4 in. long. Heads 5-8 flowered (female 4-5 and hermaphr. 1-3 together), sessile, in crowded branched corymbose or globose cymes; involucre scales shining, white or pale-yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high zone).

=A. Schimperi= Sch. Bip.

Loose straggling herb, hoary tomentose all over. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-2 in. long; flower-heads oblong, 4-5 flowered, sessile in dense corymbs; bracts shining.

Red Sea Prov. (foot of Has Has).

536 =Gnaphalium luteo-album= Linn.

Erect cottony herb. Leaves alt., linear or spathulate, semi-amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, subsessile, many together in crowded clusters, terminal or axillary, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 in each head; invol. bracts straw-coloured.

Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov.

=G. Unionis= Schultz Bip.

Lanate annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, ½-1 in. long, lanate. Heads campanulate, crowded in terminal, often involucrate clusters. Fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 6-8-15 in each head; invol. bracts white at tips, woolly outside.

Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kordofan Prov.

=G. pulvinatum= Del.

Prostrate, lanate-tomentose annual; branches 3-5 in. long. Leaves alt., spathulate, attenuate to base. Heads campanulate, in subglobose leafy or involucrate clusters; hermaphr. fl. 4-6; fem. fl. numerous; invol. as above.

White Nile Prov. (above El Eish); Kordofan Prov.

=G. niliacum= Raddi.

Cottony herb, 3-10 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate or obovate, attenuate into short petiole. Heads campanulate, sessile, in dense spiciform terminal clusters; fem. fl. numerous; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 outer invol. lanate; midrib green.

Dongola Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).

537 =Helichrysum rosulatum= O. & H.

Procumbent, tomentose perennial, 1½ in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, oblong, emarginate, ½-1 in. long, crowded at base of branches. Capitula 6-7 all hermaphr., many together forming a subglobose head; invol. scales purple.

Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).

=H. Nimmoanum= O. & H.

Woolly white, shrubby plant. Leaves alt., oblong or ovate, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula 8-10 flowered, hermaphr., crowded in dense branched terminal corymbs; invol. scales straw-coloured.

Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).

=H. gracilipes= O. & H.

Procumbent rosulate, white woolly herb, giving out offshoots. Leaves elliptic, ½ in. long. Capitula hermaphr., 20-flowered, solitary at ends of branches; invol. scales straw-coloured.

Red Sea Prov.

=H. undatum= Less.

Erect white-woolly perennial, 4 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capitula hermaphr., with orange fimbrillæ, crowded in terminal corymbose cymes; 1-6 in. diam.; invol. scales rose-coloured.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=H. abyssinicum= Sch. Bip.

Shrubby, 18 in. high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, densely tomentose, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula heterog., 50-fl., yellow, crowded in dense globose clusters, 1-3 in. wide, terminal; fem. fl. filiform; invol. scales pale-yellow, shining.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

538 =Leysera capillifolia= DC.

Slender glandular-scabrid annual. Leaves filiform or linear, crowded, 1 in. long. Cap. yellow, heterog., solitary on slender subterminal peduncles; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule very small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-cleft.

Red Sea Prov. (Coast: Soturba, J. Shellal at 3,000 ft., Suakin).

539 =Inula macrophylla= Schultz Bip.

Perennial, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval or ovate, 1 ft. or more long, upper cordate-amplexicaul, tawny-tomentose. Capitula hermaphr., yellow, in a dense corymbose terminal cyme, 4-8 in. wide.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora).

540 =Iphiona scabra= DC.

Glandular scabrid undershrub. Leaves alt., subulate-pungent, 1 in. long with 2-6 small basal spines. Capit. hermaphr., yellowish-white, 14-flowered, solitary, axillary or terminal.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

541 =Pegolettia senegalensis= Cass.

Hispid annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear or oblanceolate, ½-1 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., yellow, turning purple, 18-30 flowered, solitary, terminal.

Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Kordofan Prov.

542 =Vicoa auriculata= Cass.

Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate to oblong, auriculate, amplexicaul, ½-3 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., orange-yellow, forming a loose terminal panicle.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands).

543 =Pulicaria petiolaris= Jaub. & Spach.

Somewhat woody herb, up to 1½ ft. high, glandular-puberulous and appressed pubescent. Leaves alt. ½-2 in. long, oval or lanceolate, dentate, cuneate or truncate at base; petiole winged, amplexicaul, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in loose corymbs; fem. fl. with minute ligule.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov.

=P. Grantii= O. & H.

Shrubby, 2 ft. or more; stems glandular puberulous. Leaves linear, sessile, short tomentose, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary, terminal, many-flowered. Ligule of fem. fl. small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-dentate.

Khartoum Prov. (16° N.L.).

=P. undulata= DC. RIHAN (Kordn.), ARRĀWAL (Atbara), RUBBUL, GHUBEYRA, & KUTKAT—Arab.

Woolly, strongly-scented herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, dentate, undulate, auriculate-amplexicaul, ½-2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, solitary, terminal.

Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Æthiopia (J. El Ghazal); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=P. crispa= Benth. & Hook. f.

White tomentose herb, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves linear to obovate-oblong, auriculate amplexicaul, ¾-1½ in. long, denticulate-crisped. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, loosely panicled, terminal; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 dentate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Khartoum Prov. (North); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Abu Nuer, 80 m. E. of El Fasher).

The dried plant is applied to bruises on cattle.

=P. Rüppellii= Schultz.

Small white woolly herb. Leaves obovate, spathulate, denticulate, auricled and amplexicaul, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary and terminal; ligule of fem. fl. long and 3-dentate.

Red Sea Prov. (shores between 11° and 12° N.L.).

=P. vulgaris= Gærtn. RÏMÏTH (Kordn.), ZAGHIL & ABU ’AIN SAFRA—Arab.

Puberulous herb, 1 ft. or more. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate, sessile, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. as above.

Kordofan Prov. (North of Shersha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.).

544 =Geigeria acaulis= Benth. & Hook. f.

Low, tufted, cottony herb. Leaves alt., crowded, linear or oblong, 1-3½ in. long., overtopping the solitary heterog. yellow capit. Fem. fl. ligulate, 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-fid.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=G. alata= Benth. & Hook. f. GATGAT (Baggara) & RIHAN (N. Kordn.)—Arab; HASHUK—Hadendowa; DOSH—Rashida.

Glabrous herb, ½-1 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves opp., oval-oblong, decurrent, 1-3½ in. long, glandular-punctate. Cap. heterog., yellow, 10-12 flowered, bracteate, solitary in forks of branches. Fl. as above.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=G. Macdougalii= S. Moore.

Annual, about 1 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate or lanceolate- oblanceolate, mucronate, 1 in long, ciliolate, gland-dotted. Heads small terminal and axillary. Bracts 4-seriate.

White Nile Prov.

545 =Anisoppapus africanus= O. & H.

Erect puberulous herb, 3-4 ft. Leaves deltoid, hastate, crenate, 1-3 in. long, alternate. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-1 in. wide excluding ligules of fem. fl. which are spreading and 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed. Infl. corymbose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=A. chinensis= Hk. & Arn.

Erect pubescent herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely dentate, 1½-2½ in. long; petioles dilating at base. Capit. as above.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

546 =Ambrosia maritima= Linn.

Annual, woody below, hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, bipinnatipartite, 1-3 in. long. Capit. white, monœcious, in dense spikes, male at the top, female below (or sessile in upper axils), in terminal corymbose panicles; male fl. white, tubular, 5-fid; fem. fl.: cor. 0 but involucre closed over the fruit, spinose or tubercled.

Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (from Sennar northwards, on river banks).

547 =Xanthium strumarium= Linn. KHARAQ EL BAHR—Arab.

Puberulous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid, 3-5-lobed, coarsely dentate, 1-6 in. broad, cordate; petiole ½-5 in. long Capit. yellow monœcious; male globose in terminal clusters; female 2-flowered axillary; invol. of fem. heads prickly.

Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces.

The seeds yield an oil. The fruit is considered efficacious for small- pox, also useful for diseases of the bladder. Not eaten by cattle. In the Fung “Mayas,” after all the grass has been eaten, masses of this plant form vivid green patches.

548 =Siegesbeckia orientalis= Linn.

Pubescent, widely branched annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, 1½-5 in. long, dentate. Capit. heterog., yellow, in dichotomous leafy panicles; fem. fl. ligulate, toothed, inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 3-5, dentate.

Red Sea Prov.

549 =Enhydra fluctuans= Lour.

Aquatic herb, 1-2 ft. high; stem rooting and creeping. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, base subhastate, petiole dilated. Capit. heterog., whitish or greenish, axillary. Fem. fl. inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed; invol. bract 4, leafy, ovate.

Mongalla Prov. (below Bor).

The leaves are regarded as laxative, antibilious and useful in diseases of the skin and nervous system.

550 =Eclipta alba= Hassk. TAMR EL GHANAM (Khartoum), BILTIK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; HRERVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Scabrid herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capit. heterog., on peduncles 1-3 together; fem. fl. white, ligulate, small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 4-dentate.

Berber Prov. (Atbara, on river banks); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur Ghattas).

Yields a black stain which elsewhere is used in tattooing.

551 =Sclerocarpus africanus= Jacq.

Hispid herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., ovate to ovate- lanceolate, serrate, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., solitary, over- topped by involucral bracts; ray fl. 3, neuter, yellow; disk fl. hermaphr., 10-12, tubular, 4-5-toothed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.

552 =Blainvillea rhomboidea= Cass.

Branched scabrid annual, 1-3½ ft. high. Leaves alt. or opp., lanceolate, crenate-serrate, up to 3 in. long. Capit. heterog. 1-2 together, forming with others a panicled leafy cyme. Fem. fl. ligulate, 2-3 dentate, yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=B. Prieureana= DC.

Hispid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-nerved, 1-5 in. long. Inflor. much as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Sinum).

553 =Aspilia multiflora= O. & H.

Scabrid herb. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, up to nearly 2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax, leafy panicles; ray fl. neuter, ligule rarely exceeding ½ in. in length; disk fl. hermaphr.

Blue Nile Prov.

=A. Schimperi= O. & H.

Erect annual 1-3 ft. high, scantily hairy. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the base, 1-5 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax, leafy cymes; ray fl. neuter, ligule 1/5 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=A. latifolia= O. & H.

Hispid herb, 1½-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, serrulate, 3-nerved near the base, 1½-5 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary on long peduncles, terminal or in forks of branches; ray florets 20, ligule under ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, Nganye).

The pounded leaves and flowers act as a powerful styptic.

=A. Kotschyi= Benth. & Hook. f.

Scabrid and hispid annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oval to linear, subamplexicaul, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., deep maroon- coloured, solitary or few together, overtopped by involucrate leaves. Ligule ¼-½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

554 =Wedelia abyssinica= Vatke.

Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, 3-nerved, 1½-3 in. long. Capit. heterog., 1-3 at ends of branches; fem. fl. ligulate, orange; hermaphr. yellow.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

555 =Melanthera abyssinica= Benth. & Hook. f.

Scabrid branched herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, serrate, amplexicaul, 1½-4 in. Capit. heterog., yellow in corymbose cymes; ray fl. neuter; ligule 2-3-fid; disk fl. tubular, hermaphr.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=M. pungens= O. & H.

Scabrid herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, upper lanceolate, acuminate, shallow-dentate, up to 6 in. long. Capit. as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=M. Brownei= Schultz Bip.

Scabrid semi-woody herb, 2-10 ft. high. Leaves opp., deltoid-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed acuminate, dentate, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax terminal cymes; ray fl. female, ligulate, disk fl. hermaphr.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

556 =Verbesina (Ximenesia) enceloides= Cav.

Hoary annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., deltoid to oblong, dentate, 1-6 in. long; petiole ½-2 in., winged auriculate. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles, up to 8 in. long, forming a loose cyme. Ray fl. fem., ligule deeply toothed.

Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

557 =Spilanthes Acmella= Linn.

Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, up to 2 in. long. Capit. usually heterog., usually yellow, solitary on long peduncles; ray flor. 1 seriate, usually present, ligule small or 0.

Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

The whole plant, especially the flower-heads, is very acid and has a hot, burning taste. It is used for toothache and is considered by natives a powerful stimulant.

558 =Guizotia Schultzii= Hochst.

Scabrous herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, serrate, cordate, amplexicaul, often connate, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in corymbose cymes, pedicels up to 5 in.; fem. fl. 1-seriate; hermaphr. fl. glandular-hairy.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,300 feet); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land).

=G. Schimperi= Sch. Bip.

Pubescent herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opp., elliptic-ovate denticulate, cordate-amplexicaul, ½-4 in. long. Capit. much as above, but cor. of hermaphr. fl. subglabrous.

Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

559 =Coreopsis linearifolia= O. & H.

Nearly glabrous herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, denticulate scabrous, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles 1-4 in., in a lax corymbose cyme. Ray fl. ligulate, fem. or neuter.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Steppes near Agada).

=C. chrysantha= Vatke.

Pallid herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves tripartite; lobes lanceolate or linear, acutely narrowed at both ends, deeply serrate, scabrid above, hispid below, ¾-3½ in. by ⅛-1 in.; petioles up to 1¼ in.; sometimes leaves not lobed, ovate or narrow elliptical. Capit. heterog. on hispid peduncles in a lax, corymbose cyme, yellow.

Nubia.

=C. abyssinica= Schultz Bip.

Erect herb, ab. 3 ft. high, scabrid-pubescent above. Leaves opp., pinnatisect, 1½-4½ in. long, segments 3-4 pairs, toothed or subpinnatipartite. Capit. yellow, heterog., ½ in. diam., on pedicels up to 4 in., in lax corymbose cymes.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=C. guineensis= O. & H.

Nearly glabrous annual, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., tripartite bilobed or undivided, divisions of the leaf linear 1-7 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-¾ in. long, on peduncles 2-7 in., in a lax cyme, or solitary, terminal.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

560 =Bidens pilosa= Linn.

Annual, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, mostly pinnately-lobed, blade 1-5 in.; petiole 2½ in. Capit. heterog., tipped with 2-4 barbed, spinose bristles, in a lax corymbose cyme; ray fl. white, ligulate, fem. or neuter; disk fl. yellow, hermaphr. Fr. an achene, ab. ½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Coast); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gambara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land, Gurfala); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).

=B. bipinnata= Schultz Bip.

Very similar to above, but leaves mostly bipinnately lobed. Achenes with 3-4 spinose barbed bristles.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov.

=B. Schimperi= Schultz Bip.

Subscabrous herb, up to several feet high. Leaves opp., 2-3 pinnatisect or more or less 3-fid, 3-6 in. long, with scattered black dots. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax corymbose cymes. Ray fl. fem. or neuter; ligule ½ in. long. Achenes with 2, sometimes 3 setæ.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin to Khor Tamanib).

561 =Chrysanthellum procumbens= Pers.

Glabrous procumbent or erect herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., multifid, up to 1½ in. long; petiole subamplexicaul 1½ in. long. Capit. heterog., cymose; ray florets fem. ligulate, small.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

562 =Cotula anthemoides= Linn.

Low, hairy, much branched annual. Leaves alt., deeply subbipinnatifid, ⅓-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, discoid, solitary terminal; outer fl. fem., minute, in several rows.

Berber Prov. (Nile Cataract; near J. Gerri); Khartoum Prov.

=C. cinerea= Del. SHIA (Port Sudan)—Arab.

Pale green, villose herb, 1-6 in. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid, obovate or spathulate in outline, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. yellow, heterog., terminal; fem. fl. few minute or more usually wanting.

Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kordofan Prov.

=C. Kotschyi= Benth. & Hook. f. HARR (Khartoum)—Arab.

Hoary prostrate herb, up to 12 in. high. Leaves alt., obovate- pinnatipartite, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, terminal; fem. fl. few, minute.

Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Darfur Prov.

=C. abyssinica= Schultz Bip.

Pilose annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., bipinnatipartite, up to 1¼ in. incl. the petiole, which is as long as the blade and half clasping. Capit. heterog., yellow, on 6 in. long peduncles; fem. fl. in 1 row, minute.

Upper White Nile.

563 =Gynura cernua= Benth.

Puberulous annual, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., upper ones auriculate- amplexicaul, ovate or laciniate-lyrate, irregularly dentate or lobed, lower ones petiolate. Capit. purple, homog., solitary, terminal, on 6-12 peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, some of the outer with imperfect anthers.

Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas & Niamniam-land).

=G. vitellina= Benth.

Shining herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate or lanceolate, irregularly dentate, 1-4 in. long, auricled at base of petiole. Cap. yellow, homog., solitary, terminal on peduncles 4-12 in. long, bearing 2-3 bracts; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, hermaphr. excepting some outer ones with imperfect anthers.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 3,500 to 9,300 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=G. crepidioides= Benth.

Annual 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, 1-10 in. long. Capit. homog. yellow or with purple tips, in dense or lax corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).

=G. amplexicaulis= O. & H.

Herb 2½-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate-oblong, dentate, amplexicaul, 4-5 in. long. Capit. reddish-orange, homog., 3-4 together in a long- peduncled cyme; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Khor of Bodumo).

564 =Emilia sagittata= DC.

Annual, ¼-4 ft. high, glaucescent. Leaves alt., sagittate-amplexicaul, oval-ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long. Capit. homog., orange, cymose or subsolitary on 2½ in. long pedicels; invol. bracts 1-seriate; florets hermaphr.

Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.

565 =Notonia Schweinfurthii= O. & H.

Glabrous, fleshy perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, sessile, 1-2 in. long. Capit. homog., purple, solitary, many-flowered, on 6-8 in. long bracteate peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Pongo River).

566 =Senecio arabicus= Linn.

Annual, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid or partite, oval in outline 1-3½ in. long, upper amplexicaul, auriculate. Capit. homog., in broad corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Nubia (Islands of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.

=S. abyssinicus= Schultz Bip.

Herb, 3-16 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, ½-2½ in. long, somewhat hairy. Capit. heterog., yellow, 4-12 together, cymose; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. discifolius= Oliv.

Annual, 12-15 in. high. Leaves alt., orbicular, ¾-2 in. diam. (upper ones obovate spathulate), suddenly narrowed into a winged petiole. Capit. heterog., orange, 1-3 on 3-7 in. long peduncles, terminal; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

=S. picridifolius= DC.

Perennial 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval-oblong or ovate, auriculate, toothed, puberulous, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. homog., 1 or few together, on 3-6 in. long peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Papyrus Swamp, Meshra El Rek).

=S. tuberosus= Schultz Bip.

Glabrous herb 7-18 in. high, with white, fleshy tuberous root 1-3 in. diam. Leaves alt., elliptic to ovate, coarsely toothed or 3-lobed, 4-8 in. long including petiole. Capit. homog., yellow, 5-flowered, in a dense subumbelliform cyme. Invol. bracts-seriate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki, Matamma).

Root edible.

=S. Schweinfurthii= O. Hoffm.

Herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate, serrate, 4 in. long, shortly pubescent. Heads few, discoid. Bracts ⅓ in. long, viscid. Pappus longer than corolla, white.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jurland).

=S.? emilioides= Schultz.

Glabrous annual, branched from the base. Capit. discoid; invol. bracts 1-seriate.

Fung Prov.

567 =Tripteris Vaillantii= Decaisne.

Scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear to narrow-elliptic, dentate to subpinnatifid, 1-4½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. heterog., yellow-purplish, in a lax corymb on 1-7 in. long pedicels; invol. bracts sub 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. tubular, sterile.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 21° N.L. sea level to 3-4,000 ft., Has Has).

=T. Lordii= O. & H.

Scabrid decumbent or ascending herb, 4-6 in. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., oval or narrow-elliptic repand-denticulate, 1½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary or few in a lax cyme; ligule of fem. fl. ⅙ in. long, linear.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & Khor Tamanib).

C. More or less spinescent herbs, sometimes thistle-like. Capitula either heterogamous (outer florets usually neuter, ligulate or dilated tubular) or homogamous, hermaphrodite and tubular. Leaves alternate.

568 =Berkheya Spekeana= Oliv.

Tall, erect, prickly herb. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, semiamplexicaul, remotely toothed, apiculate at tip, spinose-hispid above, white- tomentose beneath, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, 1 in. diam. excl. ray, solitary or few together; invol. bracts many, spinous acuminate; ray fl. 1-ser., ligulate, neuter; ligule ab. 1 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

569 =Echinops longifolius= A. Rich.

Erect, thistle-like herbs, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, amplexicaul- auriculate, intensely spinose white tomentose beneath, 6-12 in. long. Capit. 1-flowered collected into a dense globose head; cor. purple; inner invol. bracts 20-25 lanceolate or spathulate, serrate aculeate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=E. amplexicaulis= Oliv.

Erect thistle-like, 4 ft. or more; stems cottony. Leaves pinnately- lobed, ovate or elliptical, white-tomentose beneath, 3-9 in. long, spinose-dentate and tipped. Capit. 1-flowered in a dense globose cluster 3-4 in. diam.; fl. pink; inner invol. bracts 20-25, ciliate-spinulose, linear-lanceolate or subulate, the innermost connate half-way.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Sabbi).

=E. macrochætus= Fresen. KWANAB—Hadendowa.

Erect, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, oblanceolate or elliptical, up to over 8 in. long, more or less deeply pinnately lobed, spiny, white-tomentose beneath. Capitula not very numerous in clusters, 1½ in. diam.; inner invol. bracts spathulate, apiculate, ab. 18 in number, innermost connate into a tube more than half-way up.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-10,000 ft.).

=E. spinosus= Linn.

Erect, 3-5 ft. high, white-woolly. Leaves sessile, ovate, pinnatisect, 2-8 in. long, spinose-incised; heads about 1 in. long, in clusters 3-4 in. diam.

No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).

=E. sp.=

Leaves not seen. Heads very large on a cone-like axis, pedicellate, pedicels covered with very long hairs.

Mongalla Prov. (Donka’s village, Sillitoe No. 202).

570 =Centaurea Calcitrapa= Linn. Star-thistle Centaurea.

Scabrid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves from simple to pinnatisect, lobes linear, denticulate. Capit. heterog. (outer fl. 1-ser. larger and neuter), solitary, lateral or terminal; invol., bracts glabrous or arachnoid ending in a spreading, yellowish spine, ¾ to 1¼ in. long with a few smaller lateral ones; fl. purple.

Kordofan Prov.

=C. senegalensis= DC. ABU SHWEIKA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Coarse scabrid herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves oval, ovate or lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. ovoid-globose, ½-⅔ in. thick, solitary, terminal; invol. much as above; fl. purple.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Melit & J. Marra).

The flower-heads are made into a poultice to reduce swellings.

=C. rhizocephala= O. & H.

Erect hirsute herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, sessile, 3-5 in. long. Capit. 1-1½ in. long, 3 to 9 together in trichotomous cymes terminating short radical shoots; invol. bracts ending in 3-5 short spines; outer fl. white, inner rose-coloured.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).

=C. papposa= Schultz Bip.

Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, scabrid-glandular, 1½ in. long. sharply denticulate. Heads few. Bracts long-spine-tipped, pectinate at base.

Kordofan Prov. (Takari, south of Rahad).

571 =Carthamus tinctorius= Linn. GURDUM or ASFAR, QORTOM (Egypt)—Arab.

Erect, thistle-like herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, 1-3 in. long, spinulose-denticulate. Capit. ab. 1 in. thick, homog., solitary or cymose; invol. bracts foliaceous and spinescent (in wild forms); fl. orange.

Khartoum, Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces.

Cultivated for the flowers which yield an orange dye, called safflower, and for the seeds which yield a clear, yellow, esculent oil. Poultry fatten on the seeds.

=C. leucocaulos= Sibth.

Glabrous, white-stemmed, prickly herb, 1-1½ ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, lobes ovate ending in a sharp spine. Capit. terminating the end branches; inner invol. bracts lanceolate.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba, 22° N.L.).

572 =Dicoma tomentosa= Cass.

Cottony erect herb, 6-24 in. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic or spathulate, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. homog., ab. 14 fl., on short axillary branches and terminal; invol. bracts lanceolate with 1 spine, arachnoid or cottony; fl. white or pale yellow.

Fung Prov. (Sheik Talha); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

The plant is used as a febrifuge, especially in fevers after childbirth.

=D. sessiliflora= Harv.

Silvery cottony rigid herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, 3½-8 in. long. Capit. homog., sessile, on short lateral branches and terminal, solitary or few together in dense cymes; invol. bracts lanceolate with a sharp, pointed tip; fl. pale-yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Abu Gurun).

573 =Hochstetteria Schimperi= DC.

Tall, angular-branched herb. Leaves oval, with narrowly-winged petiole, ½-2 in. long, minutely crenate. Capit. homog.; pedunculate, terminal; invol. bracts spiny, lanceolate, subtended by shorter foliaceous bracts.

Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.).

D. Acaulescent herb. Capitula solitary on scapes, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate, female; disk florets bilabiate, hermaphrodite.

574 =Gerbera abyssinica= Schultz Bip.

Cottony herb; leaves oval, sinuous denticulate, 1-4 in. long. Petiole up to 1 in. long. Scapes 1-3, up to 15 in. long, shaggy. Capit. ab. 1 in. long, ligules longer than invol.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

E. Herbs, usually with milky sap. Capitula homogamous; florets all ligulate, hermaphrodite, or a few barren; ligule 5-toothed. Leaves alternate or radical.

575 =Scolymus maculatus= Linn.

Coarse spinescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong, sinuous- pinnatifid, decurrent, 2-3 in. long; radical leaves spathulate, spinose dentate. Capit. yellow, sessile, terminal or lateral; invol. bracts linear-lanceolate, pointed; outer ligules black-pilose.

Kordofan Prov.

576 =Crepis Ruepellii= Schultz Bip.

Small herb, up to 8 in. high. Leaves rosulate, oblanceolate, denticulate, ¾-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, in lax open cymes; inner invol. 8, lanceolate, glandular hairy.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).

577 =Lactuca taraxacifolia= Schum. & Thonn. KINTARA (Khartoum)—Arab.

Glaucescent herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves saw-toothed, 6 in. long by 4 in. broad; stem-leaves amplexicaul, decurrent. Capit. yellow, 20 fl., in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 5.

Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum & Fung Provinces.

=L. goræensis= Schultz Bip.

Erect glaucescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, often saw- toothed, up to 8 by 4 in., amplexicaul, lowest decurrent. Capit. yellow in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 8.

Kordofan Prov.

=L. Schweinfurthii= O. & H.

Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, up to 8 in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. 5-flowered, in an elongated cyme; inner invol. bracts 5.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=L. capensis= Thunb.

Glabrous herb, ½-2 ft. Leaves linear or oblong, the lower toothed- pinnatifid or entire, 3-5 in. long, the upper entire, amplexicaul- sagittate. Capit. white, yellow or blue, 11 fl., in panicled cymes.

Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. abyssinica= Fresen.

Robust glabrous herb, 3 ft. or more high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, upper l. linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul-auricled, up to 6 in. long. Capit. violet, fl. 10-13, in elongated cymes.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land & Niamniam-land).

=L. virosa= Linn.

Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, sagittate- amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 11, in a spreading cyme.

Kordofan Prov.

=L. sativa= Linn. Lettuce.

Generally cultivated.

578 =Heterachæna massaviensis= Fresen.

Branched annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, auricled- amplexicaul, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. blue, fl. 9-10, in panicled corymbose cymes.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

579 =Picridium tingitanum= Desf. MALOT, MALAITA (Gezira)—Arab; AMAGAK (Renk)—Dinka.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to obovate, undivided or pinnatifid, denticulate, sessile, cordate, 1½-6 in. long. Capit. yellow, on long peduncles dilated at the top; invol. bracts broadly ovate.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).

580 =Sonchus oleraceus= Linn.

Coarse annual, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves oval or oblong, undivided, toothed or pinnatifid, 1-6 in. long, denticulate, upper ones sessile- amplexicaul. Capit. yellow, many-flowered, in corymbose cymes.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.

The roots and leaves are used, in infusion, as a tonic and febrifuge.

=S. Bipontini= Aschers.

Glabrous perennial; 2-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, denticulate, up to 6 in. long, auricled, sessile. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 20, in corymbose cymes; inner invol. bracts ab. 8, linear, ultimately reflexed.

Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

Is eaten as spinach.

=S. cf. S. Bipontini= Aschers. =var. pinnatifida= O. & H.

Darfur Prov.

=S. cornutus= Hochst.

Erect herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves crowded near the base, obovate, spathulate or pinnately-toothed, sessile, 1-8 in. long.

Capit. yellow, fl. 20-27, in lax cymes; inner invol. bracts 8-10, obtuse.

North Sudan (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai).

=S. prenanthoides= O. & H.

Glaucous perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves more crowded at the base, subentire, pinnatifid-dentate, lower ones amplexicaul, upper ones sessile, auricled. Capit. yellow, 20-25 flowered, cymose; inner invol. 5, scarious.

Kordofan Prov.

=LOBELIACEÆ.=

581 =Lobelia inconspicua= Rich.

Dwarf annual, ½-1½ in. high. Leaves alt., small, oval to round. Fl. solitary, axillary, longer than leaves. Cor. 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-fid; st. 5, filaments united at top, 2 lower anthers bearded. Fruit a capsule.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=L. sp.=

Herb, leafy towards the base. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, serrate and densely ciliate. Flowers few, cymose. Calyx lobes ⅙ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=L. sp. near L. senegalensis= A. DC.

Much branched slender herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate serrate, about 1 in. long, glabrous. Flowers on long slender pedicels, 1¼ in. in fruit. Calyx-lobes about 1/12 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. trierarchi= R. Good. sp. nov.

Herb. Leaves linear, denticulate, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers few, lax, pale blue, ⅓ in. long. Calyx-lobes 1/12 in.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,000-9,000 ft.).

=CAMPANULACEÆ.=

582 =Lightfootia sp.=

Erect, slender but rigid herb. Leaves lanceolate, with wavy denticulate margins, ⅔ in. long. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Fruit obconic, 1/10 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=L. abyssinica= Hochst.

Shrubby perennial, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long. Fl. small, in narrow, cymose, branched panicles, 1 ft. or more long. Cor. deeply 5-lobed, ¼ in. long. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at base. Capsule subglobose, 5-ribbed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

583 =Wahlenbergia etbaica= Vatke.

Annual, 10 in. high, hispid below. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Fl. small, white, terminal or lateral, distant. Cor. lobes 5, short and broad; stamens 5, free; capsules 5-valved.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).

584 =Sphenoclea zeylanica= Gærtn.

Glabrous annual, 1-4 ft. high; stem fleshy. Leaves alt., linear- lanceolate, 1-6 in. long. Fl. small, greenish-yellow, in dense bracteate spikes, 1-3 in. long; cor. campanulate, 3-lobed; anthers free; capsule depressed globose.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Niamniam-land: Atasilla River).

585 =Campanula dimorphantha= Schwfth.

Pubescent annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., crenulate-dentate, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long. Fl. dimorphic, fertile ones minute, apetalous, cymose, sterile ones solitary, ½ in. long; cor. blue; stigma 3-5-fid. Capsule crowned by persistent calyx lobes.

Nubia (Farek); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).

=C. rigidipila= Steud. & Hochst.

Perennial herb, 6-12 in. long, with long rigid hairs. Leaves crowded, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. blue, solitary and terminal, 5-merous, ab. ½ in. diam.; stigma 3-5-fid; capsule as above.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).

=GENTIANACEÆ.=

586 =Belmontia sp.=

Tiny herb, 3 in. high. Leaves very small, opposite. Flowers on long stalks, white.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

587 =Faroa pusilla= Baker.

Dwarf herb, ab. 1½ in. high. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ¾-1 in. long, lower in a rosette, cauline opposite. Fl. minute, white, 4-merous, in dense terminal or axillary clusters. Capsule small, subglobose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

588 =Enicostema littorale= Blume.

Herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile. Fl. in axillary clusters along the stem, minute, 5-merous.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (towards Takale).

Possesses much bitterness and is used as a stomachic. It is also tonic and laxative.

589 =Canscora decussata= Roem. & Schultes.

Erect herb with 4-winged stem. Leaves opp., lanceolate, ½ in. long. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. white or pale pink, small, lobes 4; stamens 4, 1 perfect. Capsule ¼-in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

The plant is a laxative and alterative, much praised as a nervine tonic.

=C. diffusa= R. Br.

Erect herb with 4-angled stems, ½-2 ft. high, less robust than above. Leaves opp.; upper ovate, acute, short, lower narrowed to base, ⅓-1½ in. long. Fl. numerous, in a lax, cymose panicle; cor. pink, small; st. unequal. Capsule small.

Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).

590 =Neurotheca loeselioides= Oliv.

Small annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opp., lower lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, ⅓-¾ in. long, upper linear to lanceolate, shorter. Fl. solitary, rarely 2, in each axil; calyx 8-ribbed, ⅙ in.; cor. pale blue, ab. ¼ in. long; lobes 4, short; st. 4, unequal. Capsules small.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

591 =Limnanthemum niloticum= Kotschy & Peyr.

Aquatic herb; stems erect or runner-like with alt. or sub-opp. leaves or resembling petioles (false petioles). Leaves orbicular with a deep sinus at base, 1-4 in. diam.; false petiole bearing a cluster of 4-8 fl. a little below the leafblade; cor. yellow; tube with 5 tufts of hair at the middle, lobes long ciliate. Fr. subglobose, 7-10 seeded.

White Nile Prov. (near Abba Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land, etc.).

592 =Swertia cf. S. abyssinica= Hochst.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).

=PRIMULACEÆ.=

593 =Anagallis arvensis= Linn. SABUNGHEYT, AIN EL JENEL & LUBBUN—Arab. The Common Pimpernel.

Diffuse glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or elliptic- lanceolate. Fl. solitary, axillary, red, rose or blue, 5-merous; capsule globose, splitting transversely round the middle.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Khors Gwob & Tamanib, Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.

The plant is used in cerebral affections, leprosy, hydrophobia, dropsy, etc. Said to be poisonous to dogs.

594 =Samolus Valerandi= Linn.

Glabrous herb, up to 3 ft. high, with radical and cauline obovate leaves. Fl. in terminal and axillary panicles, small, white, 5-merous; stamens nearly sessile in cor. tube; capsule 5-valved.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=PLUMBAGINACEÆ.=

595 =Statice axillaris= Forsk. Sea Lavender.

Low, seaside undershrub. Leaves alt., oblanceolate to spathulate, fleshy, 1-2 in. long; flowering-stem ½-1 ft. high. Fl. purple and pink, in unilateral bracteate panicled spikes.

Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).

596 =Plumbago zeylanica= Linn. TERMIS—Hadendowa.

Scandent undershrub. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1½ to 4 in. long. Fl. in terminal spikes; calyx tubular 5-toothed, covered with stalked viscous glands; cor. white, salver-shaped; tube exserted; capsule membranous, enclosed by persistent calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (valleys near Turra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (El Mareikib); Darfur Prov. (J. Burkin: Suruj District & 35 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Niamniam-land).

It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant. The root is said to have vesicant and tonic properties. In the Congo the macerated leaves and lime juice are used for blisters.

=PLANTAGINACEÆ.=

597 =Plantago lanceolata= Linn.

Herb. Leaves lanceolate in a radical rosette. Peduncles long, slender; heads globose or oblong; bracts ovate, as long as calyx; sepals 4, 2 outer hairy; cor. lobes 4, ovate, spreading; st. 4, twice as long as cor.; anthers versatile. Caps. 2-seeded.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).

=P. stricta= Schousb.

Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, narrowly linear. Heads many to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles; bracts ovate, longer than calyx; sepals 4, oblong, ⅛ in. long; cor. lobes small, ovate; st. 4, short; caps. 2-seeded.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Between Atbara & Red Sea.

=P. ciliata= Desf.

Herb, about 1½ in. high, with radical obovate-oblanceolate acute leaves softly woolly all over. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, about ¾ in.; heads oblong or ellipsoid, ⅓-½ in. long; bracts ovate.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).

=HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.=

598 =Hydrolea floribunda= Kotschy & Peyr.

Branched riverside herb. Leaves alt., linear, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. in dense cymose, 6-8 in. long panicles, 5-merous; cor. blue; lobes ¼ in. long; filaments dilated at base into 2 upcurved auricles. Capsule ellipsoid, 1/7 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Dar Fertit, Banks of the Jur River).

=H. graminifolia= A. W. Bennett.

Marsh herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear, 2-3 in. long. Flowers corymbose, cymose panicles 3-8 in. long; cor. blue, lobes ¼ in. long; stamen filaments dilated to a deltoid-ovate base. Capsule globose or ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Badari’s).

=H. macrosepala= A. W. Bennett.

Marsh herb, 8-24 in. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate to linear, 1-2 in. long. Panicles lax, few-flowered, 3-12 in. long; sepals cordate-ovate, ¼ in. long, enlarged in fruit; cor. blue, shorter than calyx. Capsule ⅙ in., subglobose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=BORAGINACEÆ.=

599 =Cordia abyssinica= R. Br. AZANAYA (Baggara), TUMBAREIB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB, or INDERAB ENTAYA (Fung), GAMBIL & GIMBIL (Gallabat)—Arab; KWAKELANG (Dilling), ZAN (Rashad-Talodi) & KUII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BANJAM—Hameg.

Medium-sized to large tree. Leaves alt., ovate or suborbicular, up to 7 in. long. Cymes scorpioid (as in all this family) forming a terminal panicle; calyx tubular, 10-furrowed; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; style twice forked; fruit ovoid, ½ in. diam., smooth.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near Gendua River); Blue Nile Prov. (near Abu Shendy); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Deim Zobeir).

Heartwood yellowish brown, polishes well, known in Khartoum as Sudan Teak and used for cabinet work. Fruit edible.

=C. Holstii= Gürke.

Tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves alt., suborbicular, subcordate, 3-5 in. long, densely yellow-tomentose beneath. Cymes 3-5 flowered, in lax terminal panicles; cor. white, ¾ in. long; calyx 4-5 toothed, shallowly 10-furrowed; stamens 4-5; style twice-forked.

Fung Prov. (Roseires).

=C. ovalis= R. Br.

Shrub or small tree; outer bark crustaceous, peels off exposing young green-coloured bark. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, reddish pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal, dense, shorter than leaves; calyx irregularly toothed, not furrowed, ¼ in.; cor. 4-5 lobed, nearly ½ in. long; style bipartite nearly to base.

Darfur Prov. (J. Serg); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Gigging).

=C. crenata= Del. INDERAB—Arab; BIZU—Hameg.

Low tree. Leaves alt., obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, crenate or upper half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, not sulcate, silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on enlarged, woody, crenate calyx.

Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Fertangul).

=C. Rothii= Roem. & Schultes. MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB & INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL (White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI (Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT (Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG (Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH (Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk.

Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, up to 3 in. long. Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style arms club-shaped. Fruit ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged calyx.

Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.

Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood and used as a substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet pulp and is eaten. The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes from wounds.

600 =Ehretia Braunii= Vatke.

Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves alt., oval or obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in scorpioid cymose panicles; cor. white, tipped purple, ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens 4-7; style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe.

Mongalla Prov.

=E. Stuhlmannii= Gürke. OWI—Bari.

Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. broad, oval, acute or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent beneath. Cymes long- peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. 5-merous; cor. tube minute, lobes reflexed, white; stamens long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the middle. Drupe small, globose.

Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging).

601 =Coldenia procumbens= Linn. YAKADI—Bari.

Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, plicate, 1 in. long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or upper ones in secund spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. Fr. mitre-like, depressed- globose, ⅙ in. diam., glandular-hairy.

Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, rubbed to a fine powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes them to suppurate. The fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to rheumatic swelling.

602 =Heliotropium supinum= Linn. GHUBEYRA—Arab.

Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or oblong, crenate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked scorpioid spikes, 5-merous, small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel).

=H. undulatum= Vahl. GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ in. long, undulate. Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose, sub-2-winged, nutlets 4.

Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

=H. rariflorum= Stocks.

Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., linear, small, sessile, bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. minute; nutlets 4, hispid.

Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces.

Administered externally and internally for snake-bite.

=H. strigosum= Willd.

Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long; fl. minute; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.

Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum- boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers.

=H. Steudneri= Vatke.

Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate- lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous, minute; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=H. longiflorum= Hochst. & Steud.

Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or 9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg).

=H. zeylanicum= Lam. UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.

Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.

Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces.

=H. indicum= Linn.

Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate, up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.

Fung Prov.

=H. pallens= Del.

Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.

=H. ovalifolium= Forsk. RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid.

Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=H. europæum= Linn. KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.

Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal. Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy; nutlets 4, rugose.

Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).

Eaten by goats.

=H. pterocarpum= Hochst. & Steud.

Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in pairs, winged.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).

=H. arbainense= Fresen.

Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt., ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous.

Coast of Nubia.

603 =Trichodesma physaloides= A. DC.

Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to 1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land).

=T. africanum= R. Br. HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with 5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov. (North).

The leaves are used as diuretic.

=T. Bentii= Baker & C. H. Wright.

Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long, bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers pilose on back, spirally awned.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000 ft.).

=T. zeylanicum= R. Br.

Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based hairs. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. diam.; anthers awned; nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed.

Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.).

Emollient poultices are made from the leaves.

604 =Cynoglossum Hochstetteri= Vatke.

Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper sessile. Racemes lax, few- flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, small, throat with scales inside; nutlets 4 with hooked spines on margins and up the centre.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to 3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin, Erkowit, Has Has).

=C. lanceolatum= Forsk.

Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous, minute; cor. white, sometimes blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales; nuts 4, covered with hooked spines.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

605 =Echinochilon fruticosum= Desf.

Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4.

Nubia (coast-land).

606 =Arnebia hispidissima= DC. GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. Stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. Spikes dense, finally elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ in. long; nuts 4.

Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov.

607 =Echium Rauwolfii= Del.

Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small, sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining.

Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).

=E. longifolium= Del. KAHALI—Arab.

Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ in. diam., ovoid, rugose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi Mahas).

=E. arenarium= Guss.

Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate. Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires).

=SOLANACEÆ.=

608 =Solanum æthiopicum= Linn. GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab.

Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry globose, pale red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic.

=S. nodiflorum= Jacq. HARSH (Kaka)—Arab.

Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black.

Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink.

=S. nigrum= Linn. ENAB EL DIB—Arab.

Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate- dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., black, rarely red or yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver.

=S. schimperianum= Hochst.

Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly ½ in. diam.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).

=S. albicaule= Kotschy.

Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts with white stellate tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly lobed, 1½ in. long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan.

=S. hastifolium= Hochst.

Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more or less pinnately lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral and terminal, solitary or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; cor. lobes under ½ in. long. Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Bor).

=S. anomalum= Thonn.

Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, branches, petioles and along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, ovate-oblong, pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate. Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. diam.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

=S. aculeatissimum= Jacq.

Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on stems, branches, upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, interspersed in the younger parts with stiff bristles as also on leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in. long; petiole 1 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam., smooth, orange.

Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

=S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi= Dunal.

Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, branches, petiole and midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9 lobed, up to 5 in. long, stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra- axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry size of a cherry, yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib Assad); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.

=S. dubium= Fresen. GUBEIN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. violet. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, enclosed in spiny calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. (J. Berkin).

The plant is pounded and put into water in which hides are soaking to assist the removal of the hair.

=S. incanum= Linn. GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; TELELEH—Bari; DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; branches, leaves and calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 in. long, sinuate. Fl. solitary or few together; cor. purple or white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr. subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza).

The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is said to be edible.

=S. hybridum= Jacq.

Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, sinuate or entire, 3 in. long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced to a single flower; fl. 5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in. diam., orange-red.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=S. cerasiferum= Dunal.

Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; 5-merous; cor. violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. Berry subglobose, yellow.

Fung Prov.

=S. Melongena= Linn. BEDINGAN—Arab; JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine.

Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is cooked as a vegetable.

=S. duplosinuatum= Klotzsch.

Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny and stellate-hairy. Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad. Cymes racemose, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in. diam., white, streaked with green.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=S. campylacanthum= Hochst.

Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on stem and midribs of leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to oval, entire or shallowly sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately hairy on both surfaces. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered, 5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry globose, 1 in. diam.

Darfur Prov.

=S. pruinosum var. pilosulum= Dunal.

Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in. long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 flowered, hairy on peduncles and flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a pea.

Fung Prov.

=S. sp.?= HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa.

Unarmed shrub.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

609 =Physalis minima= Linn.

Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, acuminate, entire or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. diam.; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole).

=P. angulata= Linn. =var.=

Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in fruit.

Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).

610 =Capsicum frutescens= Linn. SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab; RARIA—Zande. Red Pepper.

Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size. Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry spindle-shaped, red.

Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated).

=C. annuum= Linn. FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper.

Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear, under 1½ in. long.

Cultivated in various parts.

Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper.

611 =Lycopersicum esculentum= Mill. BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab.

Tomato Plant.

Cultivated throughout the country.

612 =Withania somnifera= Dun. MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa.

Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose. Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and diuretic properties.

613 =Lycium persicum= Miers. SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa.

Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, ¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet.

Red Sea Prov.

The scarlet berries are said to be eaten.

614 =Datura Stramonium= Linn. SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The Thorn-apple.

Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to 9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).

The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine.

=D. Metel= Linn.

More pubescent; flowers larger than above.

Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

Poisonous; similar to D. Stramonium.

615 =Hyoscyamus muticus= Linn. SAKARAN—Arab.

Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose.

Dongola Province.

A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and Hyosine.

616 =Nicotiana Tabacum= Linn. DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.

Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. Caps. conical.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov.

Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by the natives, and are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely and yields heavily.

=N. rustica= Linn. DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo.

Differs from above by smaller leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in closer panicles.

Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov.

The principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and chewing. The Nicotine content is low.

617 =Schwenkia americana= Linn.

Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower ovate and petioled, upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle lax, terminal; calyx 5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 upper longer, total length ⅓ in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

Used as a fish poison on the West Coast.

=S. hirta= Klotzsch.

Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ in. long. Panicle large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale violet or yellow, lobes equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=CONVOLVULACEÆ.=

618 =Ipomœa verticillata= Forsk.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, cordate-ovate, 1-2 in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, on axillary peduncles; cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; midpetaline area well defined as in all the genus. Capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam., glabrous.

Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov. (Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=I. eriocarpa= R. Br.

Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to linear-oblong, 1-5 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, 5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. ⅓ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. sulphurea= Hochst.

Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow, ¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi).

=I. curtipes= Rendle.

Finely pubescent twining herb. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate-ovate below, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary on ¼ in. pedicel; cor. purplish, hairy, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. blepharophylla= Hallier f.

Trailing herb with short yellowish spreading hairs. Leaves linear to lin.-oblong, 1½-3 in. long, margins densely ciliolate. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. reddish, funnel-shaped, 2 in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. coscinosperma= Hochst.

Trailing, slightly hairy annual. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or obl.-lanceolate, 1½-2½ in. long. Fl. 1-2, axillary; cor. red, ⅓ in. long. Capsule glabrous, globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (near Abu Gerad).

=I. kotschyana= Hochst.

Pubescent twiner. Leaves orbicular, 1-2 pinnatifid, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. solitary axillary; cor. funnel-shaped, ab. ⅓ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 3-celled.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Barkin, in Suruj Dist.).

=I. cardiosepala= Hochst. HANTUD or KHANTUT—Arab; TABĀR—Hadendowa.

Creeping and twining, pilose herb. Leaves cordate, ovate, 1-2 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; fl. 5-merous; 3 outer sepals ovate- cordate, 2 inner lanceolate, ¼ in. long; cor. purplish, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 2-celled; seeds densely tomentose.

Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=I. mombassana= Vatke.

Laxly pilose trailing and climbing herb. Leaves ovate, cordate- sagittate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; cor. white with purple throat, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long; sepals linear-hastate. Caps. glabrous.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka & Meshra El Zeraf woodstations).

=I. cordofana= Choisy. TEBR or TIBR (White Nile)—Arab; KARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Hairy creeper. Leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly cordate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts ovate, foliaceous; cor. white, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Blue Nile, White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, El Dueim to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.

=I. pileata= Roxb.

Pilose twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, ab. 2 in. long. Fl. enclosed in a large boat-shaped bract; cor. cylindrical, tube 1 in. long; limb spreading, 1 in. diam. Caps. globose, small.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. chloroneura= Hallier f. LUAE (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Erect branching herb with dense white and yellow hairs. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to oval, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in small dense heads, outer bracts foliaceous; cor. white or pale-yellow, funnel-shaped, under ½ in. Caps. globose; seeds fawny, silky-pubescent.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

=I. involucrata= P. Beauv.

Slender, finely hairy or glabrescent twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1½-3 in. long; petiole as long. Peduncle 1-3 in. long; fl. several in a head, enclosed in a large, 2-cusped, foliaceous, boat-shaped bract, 2 in. diam.; cor. bright pink, 1-2 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. small, globose, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=I. amœna= Choisy.

Twiner with soft yellow hairs, mixed in younger parts with white hairs. Leaves ovate, shallowly cordate, 1-3½ in. long. Fl. in dense hairy cymose heads; cor. purple-violet or cream, with crimson throat, ab. ½ in. long. Capsules small, glabrous, 2-celled.

Nubia; Fung & Kordofan Provinces.

=I. chætocaulos= Hallier f.

Twining herb with golden bristly hairs. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, 3½ in. long; petiole 4 in. long. Fl. in dense heads; bracts ovate, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. Pes-tigridis= Linn.

Twining annual with long fulvous hairs. Leaves palmately 7-9 lobed, 1½-2½ in. long, 2-3 in. broad; lobes narrowly oval; petiole 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncles longer than petioles, bearing dense hirsute, few- flowered heads; bracts foliaceous, oblong; cor. funnel-shaped, purple, ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. brown, glabrous; seeds black, shortly pubescent.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraz).

=I. hederacea= Jacq.

Slender, hairy twiner. Leaves shallowly cordate-ovate, rather shallowly 3-lobed, 2-5 in. long. Peduncle 1-5 flowered; sepals with a long, narrow point, ¾-1 in. long; cor. funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long, usually ashy-blue with a white tube. Caps. small, 3-celled; seeds 6, smooth.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces.

The seeds, powdered with ginger, are used as a purgative.

=I. pilosa= Sweet. UM SHE’ERA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Twining herb with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-4 in. long, palmately 3-lobed with white tomentum beneath. Fl. laxly cymose on 1-2 in. long, hairy peduncles, 5-merous; sepals linear-acuminate, glandular; cor. purple-carmine, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Capsule globose; ripe seeds hanging by filaments out of capsule.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

The roots are pounded and an infusion drunk to calm abdominal pains.

=I. obscura= Ker.

Pubescent twiner. Leaves ovate, cordate, 1½-2 in. long. Peduncle ½-1 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. white with a purple base, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long, 1-1½ in. diam. Caps. globose, glabrous, ⅜ in. diam.

Between Kassala & Suakin (J. Erkeneb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land).

=I. near I. obscura= Ker.

Leaves gland-dotted, cordate to subhastate or deltoid.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Mongalla Prov. (above Bor).

=I. fragilis= Choisy.

Slender twiner. Leaves narrowly cordate-ovate, acuminate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-2 axillary, on long peduncles exceeding the leaves; cor. white or buff, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Western Bongo-land & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=I. acanthocarpa= Hochst.

Glabrous twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered; cor. white or pale-purple, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Caps. globose, tipped with persistent style base.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi).

=I. cf. I. acanthocarpa= Hochst.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. hellebarda= Schwfth.

Tuberous-rooted twiner. Leaves very variable, ovate to sagittate or hastate, 2-3 in. long. Peduncle 1½-3 in. long, bearing a few-flowered cyme; cor. bright red-purple, 2 in. long, funnel-shaped, ab. 2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, brown-velvety.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=I. aquatica= Forsk. FARU (Meshra El Zeraf), ARKALA (Kordn.)—Arab; AFAT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Hollow-stemmed trailing and twining herb, also floating on the water. Leaves cordate-ovate or hastate, 3-6 in. long, on long petioles. Peduncles 1-2 in. long, 1- few-flowered; cor. bright-purple, 2-3 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb spreading, 2½ in. diam.; capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Between Berber & Khartoum; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai and edges of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Most parts of the Sudan, growing in or near water.

The young shoots are eaten. It is the important factor in binding together Sudd plants.

=I. near I. leucantha= Webb.

Twiner with linear, hastate leaves. Cor. white with purple-lilac centre.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=I. repens= Lam. ABU HALAGIN—Arab; TARASHO—Bari.

Trailing perennial with hollow stem, growing on muddy banks. Leaves cordate, orbicular or reniform, 3-6 in. diam.; petiole 1-4 in. long. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, bearing a few to many flowered cyme; cor. red or purple, funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Capsule globose; seeds size of a pea.

Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (banks of the Nile); Kordofan Prov. (south, swamps); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

=I. Batatas= Lam. BOMBAY—Arab; BAMBE (red var.) or AMBIRIA & BAZAMBE (white var.)—Zande. Sweet Potato.

White, red or rarely yellow tuberous-rooted perennial. Leaves very variable, more or less trilobed, 3-4 in. long; petiole long. Cymes dense on long peduncles; cor. reddish, 1½ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces and other parts of the Sudan.

Cultivated for its tuber.

=I. near I. Batatas= Lam.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. dissecta= Willd.

Slender trailing herb. Leaves digitate with 5 deeply pinnatifid to pinnatisect segments, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. 1-3 on peduncles shorter than the leaves; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, 3-celled.

Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

=I. pulchella= Roth.

Slender twiner. Leaves deeply divided into 5 elliptic segments, the 2 lower bilobed, segments ¾-1 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. rose- purple, ½ in. long; tube inflated, limbs spreading. Caps. ⅓ in. diam.; seeds hairy.

Khartoum Prov. (Soba); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).

=I. palmata= Forsk.

Twining herb. Leaves with 5 lanceolate segments, the 2 lower bilobed, 1-3 in. long; petiole same length, based by 2 stipular, 7-8 partite leaves. Cymes axillary, lax, few to many flowered; cor. red-purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam.; seeds 4, white, hairy.

Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

=I. dasysperma= Jacq. ABU ’ELEIBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves as above or doubly tripartite, 2-3 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on short peduncles; sepals slightly spurred at base; cor. buff with purple throat; limb spreading, 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, orange, pilose.

Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile (Hillet Abbas) & Kordofan Provinces.

=I. magnifica= Hallier f.

Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves ovate-suborbicular, ab. 5 in. long, undulate, grey-pubescent beneath. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. white- rose, 5 in. long and broad, funnel-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=I. verbascoidea= Choisy.

Shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with yellow or white, woolly tomentum. Leaves cordate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, with 2 glands near junction of petiole. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, up to 1 in. long; cor. rose-purple, 3-4 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds ¼ in. long, covered with fulvous wool.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur Ghattas).

=I. lilacina= Blume.

Strong twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-4 in. long, more or less pubescent. Peduncle 2-5 in. long, many-flowered; cor. lilac-pink, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds hairy.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=I. eurysepala= Hallier f.

Dwarf hairy herb. Leaves elongate-ovate, up to 2 in. long. Fl. axillary, 1-2 together; sepals nearly ½ in. long, broadly ovate; cor. ½ in. long. Caps. glabrous; seeds 4, pale-yellow.

Kordofan Prov.

=I. convolvulifolia= Hallier f.

Procumbent herb with fulvous hairs. Leaves cordate, subsagittate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles short, 1-2 flowered; cor. rose-red, 1 or more in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill).

=I. digitata= Linn.

Twiner, with fleshy, tuberous root. Leaves palmately 3-9 lobed, 4-8 in. long, shallowly cordate. Cymes compound, several to many-flowered; cor. bright red-purple, centre darker, campanulate funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Caps. globose; seeds with tawny-white hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River, & Bongo- land: Kulongo).

The tuberous roots are used medicinally in India.

=I. near I. incomta= Hallier f. TUDU (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Stout twiner. Leaves cordate ovate, silvery pubescent or tomentose. Cor. white, funnel-shaped, 2½ in. long; sepals hairy. Seeds silky-hairy.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

619 =Merremia kentrocaulos= Rendle.

Twining perennial. Leaves palmately 5-7 partite, 3-6 in. long. Fl. laxly cymose; cor. yellow, red at base, funnel-shaped, 2-2½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ½-¾ in. long, 2-celled; seeds 4, black.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu & Bongo lands); Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).

=M. pterygocaulos= Hallier f.

Reddish herbaceous twiner; stem, petioles and peduncles winged. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long, deeply cordate. Cymes few to many- flowered; cor. white, or pale yellow with purple throat. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam., seeds grey to blackish, size of a pea.

Fung Prov. (Wadi El Gamalu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Mongalla Prov. (North of Gondokoro).

=M. pedata= Hallier f.

Twiner. Leaves pedately 5-lobed, segments filiform. Peduncle 1-flowered; cor. probably white, streaked with purple.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Khor Tamanib).

=M. palmata= Hallier f.

Climbing or trailing herb. Leaves palmately deeply 5-lobed, lowest pair sometimes unequally forked, 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncle 1-flowered, up to 3 in. long, thickened above; cor. probably pale-yellow, 1 in. long, funnel-shaped.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gweb near Tamanib).

=M. pentaphylla= Hallier f. ’ERG EL M’OTERASH, TĀTAMBA, SHEHER & TORFRID (Kordn.) & UM GEREISĀT (N. Kordn.), SHAG EL FIL—Arab.

Slender twiner, hirsute with yellowish hairs. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 2-4 in. long; petiole 2-4 in. long. Peduncle as long as leaf, few or many- flowered; cor. white or yellowish, 1 in. long, campanulate funnel- shaped. Caps. ½ in. diam.; enclosed in persistent hairy sepals; seeds brown, glabrous.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=M. gallabatensis= Hallier f.

Herb with only one long-stalked leaf, which is ovate-oblong, subcordate, 4 in. long, irregularly lobed. Peduncle longer than leaf; cymes dense, many-flowered; cor. about ⅔ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=M. xanthophylla= Hallier f.

Trailing or climbing herb, clothed with yellow-brown hairs. Leaves pinnately 5-9 lobed, 2½ in. by 2 in., shallowly cordate. Peduncle 1-2 in. long; cymes few-flowered; cor. whitish, ½ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=M. angustifolia= Hallier f.

Twiner. Leaves linear, auricled and hastate at base, 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, 1 in. long; cor. pale yellow, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, etc.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, etc.).

=M. pinnata= Hallier f.

Trailing or twining annual, hairy all over. Leaves pinnately divided to the midrib, 1 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts linear; cor. yellow or white, small. Caps. hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=M. emarginata= Hallier f.

Trailing herb with a long, woody root. Leaves orbicular or reniform, ½-1 in. broad. Fl. 1-2 axillary, sessile; cor. yellow with dark eye, small. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (Gedaref); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda to Barboi); Mongalla Prov. (Nuer-land).

=M. convolvulacea= Dennst. OWARIDA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Slender twiner. Leaves subcordate or 3-lobed, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1 to many, cymose; peduncle ¼-2 in. long; cor. yellow subcampanulate, ⅓ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. with 5 violet lines. Caps. ovoid-globose, ¼ in. diam.

Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal (Wau) & Mongalla Provinces.

The Arabs at Meshra El Zeraf believe that if the barrel of a gun be held over the smoke of a fire made with the roots of this plant, it will in future shoot straight.

620 =Calonyction speciosum= Choisy. Moon-flower.

Stout climber; stems smooth or with fleshy tubercles. Leaves cordate- ovate, long acuminate, 4-6 in. long; petiole about as long. Peduncle as long as petiole, 1-6 flowered; 3 outer sepals abruptly aristate, ab. ¾ in. long; cor. white, salver-shaped, opening at night; tube cylindric, 3-4 in. long; limb 4-6 in. diam. Caps. large, ovoid, 1 in. long; seeds dark brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=C. muricatum= G. Don.

Wide-climbing twiner, stems with fleshy spine-like tubercles. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4-5 in. long. Peduncle short or long, 1-6 flowered; pedicel much swollen in young fruit; cor. pale rose or lilac, opening at night; tube 2-2½ in. long, passing into a funnel-shaped limb, 2 in. diam.; cap. globose up to 1 in. diam; seeds 4, white (?or brown).

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

621 =Astrochlæna lachnosperma= Hallier f. UM GHALEILA (Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect perennial with stellate hairs (as others in this genus), hairs white. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 1½-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary or umbellate; cor. purple and lilac, ¾ in. long, funnel- shaped. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.; seeds 4, hairy.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Red Sea Prov. (near Akik).

=A. Volkensii= Dammer.

Herb, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, 1½-3½ in. long; petiole ½ in. long. Fl. axillary, cymose; cor. lilac with carmine centre; ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds 4, hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj to Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, on ironstone).

=A. Engleriana= Dammer.

Herb, stellate hairs ferruginous. Leaves ovate, undulate, with dense white tomentum beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled. Cor. probably lilac, 1¼ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Moru-land.

=A. malvacea= Hallier f.

Erect or decumbent perennial. Leaves ovate, 2-5 in. long, white tomentose beneath. Peduncle 1 in. long, 2-5 flowered; cor. purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds 4, black.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=A. Stuhlmannii= Hallier f.

Erect or trailing herb, with matted tawny hairs. Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Fl. in corymbose panicle; cor. lilac with purple tube, 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds black, hairy.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 5,200 ft.).

622 =Lepistemon africanum= Oliv.

Herbaceous climber with bristly pale-brown stinging hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-6 in. long, irregularly sinuate. Cymes many-flowered; cor. white; tube ½ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. Caps. ovoid, hairy, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

623 =Jacquemontia capitata= G. Don.

Short twiner. Leaves ovate, ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense rusty villous heads; cor. bright blue, ab. ½ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (common); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé & Madi).

624 =Convolvulus Hystrix= Vahl.

Erect undershrub; branches short, hairy, ending in spines. Leaves oblong, ½ in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile; cor. ab. ½ in. long, little longer than calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., & Soturba); Berber Prov.

=C. microphyllus= Sieber. MURMIT (N. Kordn.) & GHUBEYRA—Arab.

Bushy herb. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, ½ in. long; radical leaves narrowly spathulate, 1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 together from upper nodes of stem; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. pinkish-white, ab. ½ in. long, funnel-shaped, hairy outside. Caps. globose.

North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat; Dongola Prov. (near Wadi Allangi & Wadi El Arab); Berber Prov. (Wadi Selem); Kordofan Prov. (North, Safia).

=C. Deserti= Hochst. & Steud.

Small, shrubby herb. Leaves lin.-oblong, up to 1¾ in. long, hairy. Fl. 1-2 together, axillary along the stem. Cor. ab. ½ in. long, funnel- shaped.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N.L.).

=C. rhyniospermus= Hochst.

Small trailing or tufted herb, brown, hairy. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary along the stem, solitary or clustered, enclosed in foliaceous bracts; cor. ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. globose, beaked, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).

=C. glomeratus= Choisy.

Stiff, bushy herb or climber. Leaves lanceolate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. in dense globose rusty-hairy heads; bracts foliaceous, ¾ in. long; sepals 5, 2 outer larger, fulvous; cor. pale-rose, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. to Khor Tamanib).

=C. arvensis= Linn. MUDDEYD—Arab.

Slender twiner. Leaves ovate-hastate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on long peduncles; cor. deep-rose, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

White Nile.

The plant is said to be eaten by goats and cattle.

=C. fatmensis= Kunze. ULLEYA—Arab.

Diffuse herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, auricled, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1-2 on axillary peduncles; cor. white with brown stripes, under ½ in. long, hairy outside. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov.

625 =Evolvulus alsinoides= Linn.

Bushy herb. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, hairy. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; cor. bright blue, rarely white, funnel-shaped, ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, forked. Caps. globose, minute.

North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40-80 m. N.E. of Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

Used as febrifuge and tonic.

=E. nummularius= Linn.

Small trailing herb; stems shortly hairy, rooting at the nodes. Leaves orbicular, ab. ½ in. diam. Fl. few, solitary in axils of leaves; sepals ovate, ciliate; cor. white, deeply lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps globose, ⅙ in. diam; seeds 2-4, black or brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lehsi River); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=E. agrestis= Schwfth.

Tufted or climbing annual with reddish hairs. Leaves lanceolate, ¾-1½ in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered, bearing characteristic hairs; bracts linear; sepals ciliate-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.; seeds black.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

626 =Seddera virgata= Hochst. & Steud.

Much branched, virgate undershrub with white appressed hairs. Leaves sessile, distant, linear, ½-1 in. long. Fl. in sparse racemes at end of branchlets; sep. obovate; cor. broadly funnel-shaped, ¼ in. long, with hairy mid-petaline area; styles 2, almost from base. Caps. globose, ⅙ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, J. Waratab, Suakin); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. arabica= Choisy.

Much-branched virgate undershrub with yellowish pubescence. Leaves subsessile, elliptical, ab. ½ in. long. Fl. usually solitary, axillary; sep. small, elliptic to obovate; cor. ⅓ in. long, limb ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, free from the base.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib).

627 =Dichondra repens= Forst.

Pubescent, trailing perennial, rooting from the nodes. Leaves reniform, ¼-1 in. broad, more or less silky; petioles long. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx minute, pilose; cor. yellow, deeply 5-fid., minute; stigmas capitate. Caps. 2-lobed, 1-seeded.

Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

628 =Cressa cretica= Linn. EL HĀD (N. Kordn.), NADAWE, ABU HOSABA, MULLEY, SEBAKH & NU’EM—Arab.

Low, shrubby perennial. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ⅙ to ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense bracteate spikes at end of branchlets; calyx hairy, minute; cor. ab. ¼ in. long; styles 2, free. Caps. ovoid, minute, 1-seeded.

Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kordofan (Shersha, on salt pans).

The plant is used as a tonic.

629 =Cuscuta planiflora= Ten. Dodder.

Leafless parasitic twiner with pink stems; germinates in the ground, but later sustains itself entirely on the juices of its host. Fl. in dense globose sessile clusters; fl. pentamerous pale-pink or whitish, globose- urceolate, very minute.

Red Sea Prov. (coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft., Suakin 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, high altitudes).

=C. arabica= Fres.

Differs by smaller flower-clusters.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. (Kamlin).

=C. obtusiflora var. cordofana= Engelm.

Stems stouter, bright yellow.

Kordofan Prov.

=C. hyalina= Roth.

Stems slender, almost translucent. Fl. minute, stalked, cymose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov.

=SCROPHULARIACEÆ.=

630 =Aptosimum pumilum= Benth.

Dwarf tufted herb. Leaves usually alt., linear, 1-3 in. long, scabrid- pubescent. Fl. solitary or several axillary; cor. white outside and blue inside, 5-lobed; st. didynamous. Caps. globose, emarginate, compressed at apex.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kon); Darfur Prov. (48-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher).

631 =Anticharis arabica= Endl.

Glandular-pubescent annual, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lin.-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. pink, viscid, ¼ in. long, lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, 1-celled. Caps. narrowly ovoid, beaked, ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin J. Waratab, Soturba); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg).

=A. linearis= Hochst. NIDEIĀNA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect glandular-pubescent annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, up to 2 in. long. Fl. solitary on ½ in. long axillary peduncle with 2 bracts above middle; calyx deeply 5-cleft; cor. white, under ½ in. long; lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, anther-lobes basally acuminate; stigma bifid. Caps. ⅓ in. long, beaked or acuminate.

North Sudan (coast region, between Suakin & Berber); Banks of the Nile north of Khartoum; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Bara); Darfur Prov.

632 =Verbascum Ternacha= Hochst. Mullein.

Tall herb with dense white or yellowish woolly tomentum. Lower leaves oval or oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole 1-2 in. long; upper leaves smaller subamplexicaul. Panicles 18 in. long, branches 6-12 in. long, spreading; fl. clustered along the branches, 5-merous, rotate; cor. yellow, ¾ in. diam.; filaments bearded. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Dongola, Red Sea & Darfur Provinces.

633 =Linaria hastata= R. Br.

Herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, linear to lanceolate, hastate, ½-1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, ab. 1 in. long; calyx 5-partite, small; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, with small spur; st. 4, didynamous, woolly; stigma emarginate; caps. ovoid, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Hakeko, Port Sudan District).

=L. Bentii= Skan.

Densely glandular pubescent undershrub, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves subopp. below, alt. above, ovate to triangular, cordate, ⅓ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; cor. 2-lobed, spurred, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose-ovoid, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=L. nubica= Skan.

Glandular-pubescent, subscandent annual. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, triangular to ovate, broadly cordate, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. 2-lobed and spurred, under ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. ovoid, pubescent, small.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft.).

=L. ægyptiaca= Dum.

Low, bushy shrublet, covered with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, ¼ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellowish; pedicels ½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,500 ft.).

=L. sagittata= Hook. f.

Subscandent or procumbent perennial. Leaves linear to lanceolate, sagittate or hastate or cuneate, ¼-2 in. long. Fl. axillary; peduncles ¼-½ in. long; cor. yellow, pilose outside, bilobed, ¾ in. long, spur ½ in. long; filaments densely pilose. Caps. globose, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, Wadi Omareg, between Suakin & Erkowit, Dongonab).

634 =Schweinfurthia pterosperma= A. Braun.

Herb, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-spathulate to lin.-oblong, up to 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx small, 5-partite; cor. ¼ in. long, gibbous at base, 2-lipped, white, pink at throat. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. diam.; seeds with 6 subwinged ridges.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & coast region, J. Waratab); Between Suakin & Berber.

635 =Scrophularia arguta= Ait.

Branched, glandular-pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 in. long; petiole ½-1 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; calyx 5-fid, minute; cor. ventricose, 5-lobed, 1 lobe larger, hardly exceeding calyx, deep-red. Caps. ovoid, beaked.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, & 21° N.L.).

636 =Antirrhinum Orontium= Linn.

Glandular hairy herb, up to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., linear to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite; cor. 2-lipped, rose with purple veins, ¼-¾ in. long, tube gibbous. Caps. obliquely ovoid, up to ½ in. long, hispidly hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. and other places); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

637 =Sutera glandulosa= Roth.

Small diffuse viscid-pubescent herb. Leaves ovate or oblong, incised- dentate, pinnatifid or dissected, ¼-1 in. long, lower opp., upper alt. Fl. in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, white, tube not dilated, lobes small, 2 smaller; st. 4, included; style shortly 2-lobed. Caps. ovoid, minute.

Near Wadi Halfa (between Korosko & Derr); Dongola Prov. (Debba); Near Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs).

638 =Lindenbergia abyssinica= Hochst.

Glandular-pubescent or pilose perennial. Leaves opp. or upper alt., broadly-ovate, cuneate to subcordate, ½ in. long, coarsely crenate- dentate. Fl. in leafy terminal, secund racemes; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, postichous lip 2-lobed, antichous 3-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅓ in., pubescent.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, Wadi Omareg).

639 =Stemodia serrata= Benth.

Small branched viscid glandular-pubescent herb. Leaves opp. or verticillate, rather crowded, oblong or lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, serrate above middle. Fl. crowded in leafy spike-like racemes; bracts 2, near calyx, which is 5-partite, ¼ in. long; cor. bluish, slightly longer than calyx, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower shortly 3-lobed. Caps. ¼ in. long, 4-furrowed.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kurun); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka woodstation).

640 =Limnophila gratioloides= R. Br.

Marsh herb, usually 5 in. high. Leaves verticillate and opposite, submerged leaves in filiform segments, upper gland-dotted, linear to elliptic-oblong. Fl. axillary on ½ in. long glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx 5-partite, glandular, small; cor. white, ab. ⅓ in. long; st. 4, each pair or only lower pair of anthers cohering. Caps. minute.

White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Debeiker to Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & mouth of Bahr El Arab).

641 =Moniera calycina= Hiern.

Gland-dotted glabrous herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp., lanceol. to ovate, 1¼ in. long, crenate-serrate, solitary; calyx 5-partite, ¼ in. long, larger in fruit; cor. white, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower deeply 3-lobed. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ellipsoid, gland- dotted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukutu).

=M. floribunda= T. Cooke.

Small gland-dotted scabrid herb. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in pairs; calyx 5-partite, ab. ¼ in. long; cor. blue or violet with yellow throat, ⅙ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir in Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza woodstation).

=M. punctata= Skan.

Small glandular-punctate herb; stem quadrangular. Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, sessile, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; calyx under ¼ in. long; cor. ⅙ in. long, shape as above. Caps. globose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Aggada & Jur Ghattas).

642 =Dopatrium luteum= Engl.

Aquatic herb, up to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves strap-shaped, ½-1 in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. showy, yellow, ab. 1¼ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-partite; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. subglobose, under ¼ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=D. tricolor= Engl.

Herb, 1½ ft. high. Radical leaves crowded, linear, 1½-2¼ in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. tube ½ in. long, whitish, upper lip violet, ¼ in. long, emarginate, lower lip violet with yellow central lobe, under ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

643 =Mimulus gracilis= R. Br.

Erect herb, up to 20 in. high; stem narrowly 4-winged. Leaves opp.-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, ¾-2 in. long, amplexicaul, sometimes denticulate. Fl. solitary, axillary on ped., 2 in. long; calyx 5-angled, dentate, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. white or light pink, over ½ in. long, unequally bilabiate. St. 4, didynamous. Caps. obovoid, ¼ in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kurra, 5,200 ft.).

644 =Craterostigma Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Perennial 6 to 18 in. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves opp., 3-nerved, elliptic-lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Fl. terminal, subcapitate; calyx nearly ¼ in. long, 5-angled, 5-toothed; cor. violet, over ½ in. long, 2-lipped, upper suborbicular, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments arching and with gibbous base; anthers cohering in pairs; stigma somewhat funnel-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lessi River).

645 =Torenia spicata= Engl.

Dwarf herb with narrowly 4-winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, unequal above, lanceolate, up to 9 in. long. Lower fl. axillary, upper in spike- like racemes; calyx ⅙ in. deeply 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. pink, blue or white, ⅙ in. long, upper lip 2-fid, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments toothed at base, arched. Caps. ovoid, under ¼ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Jur Ewet: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

=T. parviflora= Buch.-Ham.

Straggling herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves opp., ovate to or.-lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, serrate-crenate. Fl. solitary or 2-6 fascicled; calyx ⅓ in., 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. white to purple, over ⅓ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ⅓ in. long, oblong.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

646 =Lindernia lobelioides= Engl.

Herb, ½-1 ft. high, much like a small Lobelia in appearance. Leaves opp., linear, 1 in. long, upper unequal. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. deep blue, nearly ½ in. long, upper lip ovate truncate, lower 3-lobed; st. 4, filaments arched, toothed at base, anthers cohering. Caps. linear-oblong, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ewet, Bongo-land: Gir & Lessi River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=L. debilis= Skan.

Prostrate small herb. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, up to ½ in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary in upper axils; calyx 5-ribbed, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, upper lip purplish, emarginate, lower 3-lobed, yellow, streaked purple. Capsule oblong, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

647 =Ilysanthes parviflora= Benth.

Small herb. Leaves opp., ovate to oblong, up to ½ in. long, gland- dotted. Fl. axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. violet, blue or white; tube cylindrical ab. ¼ in. long, upper lip bifid, lower spreading, 3-lobed; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. ovoid.

Dongola Prov. (Island near Debba); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Roseires, Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Gir).

=I. trichotoma= Urban.

Dwarf herb with short, stiff branches. Leaves opp., linear-oblong, ⅓ in. long, sessile, otherwise much as above.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi rocks).

=I. Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Small herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves linear, under ½ in. long. Fl. in a loose raceme; cor. lilac, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill & Ibba River).

648 =Scoparia dulcis= Linn.

Herb or undershrub. Leaves opp., ternate or verticillate, lin.- to elliptic-lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long, serrate above middle, punctate. Fl. axillary, solitary or geminate; calyx minute, densely glandular, 4-lobed; cor. white, ⅛ in. long, rotate, 4-lobed, densely bearded at throat; st. 4; caps. ovoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur River); Bahr El Jebel (Shambe, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, Mongalla Prov.); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

Used in native medicine throughout Tropical Africa.

649 =Veronica Anagallis= Linn. HABAQ—Arab.

Glandular-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, sessile, 1-3½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes 2-3 in. long in upper axils; calyx 4-partite, minute; cor. blue or pinkish, 4-partite, limb spreading, lobes of 3 sizes; st. 2, exserted. Caps. orbicular, minute.

Dongola Prov. (Nile banks between Old Dongola & Korti); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sheikh Talha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

650 =Alectra communis= Hemsl.

Very scabrid herb. Leaves ovate-triangular, coarsely dentate, about 1 in. long. Flowers subsessile in the leafy bracts. Calyx lobes pectinate- ciliate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid-Robo 8,300 ft.).

651 =Buchnera capitata= Benth.

Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear to oblong- lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile, scabrid. Fl. in terminal short dense spikes, ¼-1⅓ in. long; fl. in axils of bracts and bracteoles; calyx 5-toothed, ⅙ in. long; cor. white, ¼ in. long; tube curved, slender, pilose, lobes subequal, 5. Caps. ovoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Merdgan’s Zeriba).

=B. hispida= Ham.

Hispid herb, 6-20 in. high. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 3 in. long (upper oblong-lanceolate to linear) toothed, scabrid. Fl. in 6 in. long spikes, bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long, densely hispid; cor. ab. ½ in. long, tube cylindric, lobes 5, obovate, short; st. 4. Caps. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-7,000 ft.).

652 =Striga orobanchoides= Benth. NAR or NUR EL ASSAD—Arab; DAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Much branched herb, 3-18 in. high, parasitic on roots of some Leguminosæ, etc. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate, up to ½ in. long. Spikes terminal; fl. bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼-½ in. long; cor. white, purple or red-brown; tube ½ in. long, bent and inflated, limb 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. St. 4, didynamous, anthers 1-celled. Caps. ovoid-oblong ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).

Parasitic on Cissus quadrangularis, Indigofera sp., etc.

=S. aspera= Benth. =var. Schweinfurthii= Skan. TU—Krej.

Herbaceous hispid and scabrid root-parasite, growing on Dura. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear, ½-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, lax-flowered up to 8 in. long; bracts and bracteoles hispid; calyx nearly ½ in. long, 5-toothed, uppermost tooth smallest; cor. pink, tube ½ in. long curved and inflated, upper lip obovate emarginate, 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Deim Zubeir).

Parasitic on Dura.

=S. Forbesii= Benth.

Erect herb, up to 15 in. high, scabrid. Leaves opp. or sub-opp., lin.-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, toothed, scabrid. Fl. solitary in axils of upper leaves; bracteoles linear, hispid; calyx deeply 5-lobed, scabrid, lobes lin.-lanceolate, up to ⅓ in. long, unequal; cor. pink, scarlet or yellow, tube ¾-1 in. long, sharply curved and inflated, upper lip subtruncate or shortly 2-lobed, up to ¼ in. long, lower 3-lobed up to nearly ½ in. long. Caps. oblong, ¼-⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Shambé to Mongalla Prov.).

=S. senegalensis= Benth.

Closely resembles S. hermonthica and may be a small-flowered form. Cor. purple or red, tube ab. ½ in. long, upper lip up to ¼ in. long, lower up to ⅓ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (Gefil); Upper White Nile Prov. (Dinka country).

=S. hermonthica= Benth. EL WEIN (Merowe), SEGAR (Meshra El Zeraf) & (more commonly) BUDA—Arab.

Branched herb, parasitic on Dura and Dukhn, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, hispid and scabrid. Spikes terminal, 6 in. long; calyx 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. pink; tube ¾ in. long, curved and inflated, upper lip 2-lobed, ⅓ in. long, lower 3-lobed, ½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). Parasitic on Sorghum, Andropogon, Zea, etc.).

A decoction in salt and water is applied externally for sun headache.

=S. glandulifera= Engl.

Branched herb, 6-8 in. high, pilose and scabrid. Leaves opp. and subopp., narrowly linear, up to 1¼ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long; fl. paired; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long; cor. deep rose, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, glandular-pubescent, upper lip under ¼ in. long, slightly emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, short. Caps. oblong, 1/7 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. strictissima= Skan.

Densely hispid herb. Leaves lin.- or lanc.-subulate, under ½ in. long, closely appressed in distant pairs. Spikes terminal, up to 4 in. long; fl. paired in leaf-like bracts; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. dull-pink, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, hairy, upper lip ⅛ in. long, truncate and toothed, lower 3-lobed, 1/12 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=S. lutea= Lour.

Branched parasitic herb, 6-9 in. high, scabrid. Leaves alt. or opp., narrowly linear or lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-6 in. long, distant-flowered; bracts ¼ in. long, linear; calyx ¼ in. long, 10-ribbed and 5-toothed; cor. yellow, red or white, tube ab. ½ in. long, suddenly bent above, upper lip obovate, lower 3-lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps. oblong ovoid, ⅙ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

653 =Rhamphicarpa fistulosa= Benth.

Erect branched herb, usually ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves pinn.- or bi- pinnatisect, up to 3 in. long, segments linear; fl. axillary solitary; calyx campanulate, 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. white, tube slender, 1-2 in. long; limb spreading, ½-¾ in. diam., 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. ovoid, compressed, almost 2-winged, ⅓-½ in. long.

Nile River (Island near Debba in Dongola Prov.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river from Meshra El Rek to Lake No); Niamniam-land (Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps).

=R. Heuglini= Hochst.

Small branched herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to lanceolate, ½-2 in. long, hispid or scabrid. Fl. axillary in upper leaves, solitary; calyx tubular campanulate, ¼-½ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white to mauve, tube ab. 1 in. long, glandular, limb 1-2 in. diam, spreading, 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. obliquely ovoid ab. ⅓ in. long, beaked.

Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

654 =Cycnium camporum= Engl.

Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high, pilose. Leaves lanc. to oblong- lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate-serrate. Fl. usually opp., supra- axillary; calyx tubular, ½-⅔ in. long, campanulate in fruit, 10-ribbed, hispid; cor. white or pale yellow, tube 1¾ in. long, glandular, gibbous, limb 1¼ in. broad, spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. oblong ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the Wau River & Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Nabambisso River).

=C. adonense= E. Meyer.

Robust scabrid herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate to serrate. Fl. axillary; calyx tubular, 1¼ in. long, densely hairy, 10-12 ribbed; cor. white or lilac, tube 2-3 in. long, gibbous, glandular, limb 2-3 in. diam., spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid or elliptic, ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. brachycalyx= Schweinf.

Shrubby herb, pubescent all over, 1 ft. high; stems angular. Leaves lanceolate, 2½ in. long, serrate dentate. Fl. solitary, opp., supra- axillary; calyx campanulate, 1 in. long, 3 lobes broader than others; cor. tube 1¼ in. long, limb ab. ½ in. diam., lobes 5, orbicular, spreading.

Kassala Prov. (by Gendua River).

655 =Sopubia ramosa= Hochst.

Scabrid undershr., 2-4 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, linear or lin.-lanceolate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. terminal racemose in whorls of 3-4; cor. coppery-purple or white with purple spot at base of each lobe, ab. ½ in. long, tube short, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate; anthers 4, coherent in pairs. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: at Nganye & Bongo-land: at Sabbi); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,500-7,500 ft.).

=S. simplex= Hochst.

Pubescent herb, branching from base, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt. or ternate, ⅙-1 in. long, appressed, scabrid. Fl. alt. or whorled in terminal racemes, up to 1 ft. long; cor. pink, or reddish-brown, under ½ in. long, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Sueh River, Mittu-land: near Kuffulu-Ku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=S. parviflora= Engl.

Annual, 1-2 ft. high; stem 4-angled. Leaves opp., filiform, ⅓-¾ in. long, revolute, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes; cor. pale-brown, purple at throat, ⅓ in. long, lobes 5, spreading, obovate. Caps. subglobose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

656 =Micrargeria scopiformis= Engl.

Rigid herb, 1-2½ ft. high, branching like a broom. Leaves opp., filiform, ¼-2 in. long, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes, 1-6 in. long; cor. pale purple, streaked dark purple at base of tube which is exserted and enlarged above, ab. ⅓ in. long, limb spreading, 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular ab. ⅙ in. wide.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi).

=OROBANCHACEÆ.=

657 =Cistanche lutea= Hoffmgg. & Link. ERG EL TUNDUB (Khartoum), NAR EL FIL (Atbara), ERG EL MOYA, also ERG EL SHAGAT (Fung), HALUK, TURFAS & SIBB EL ARD—Arab.

Fleshy root-parasite with spirally arranged scale-like leaves and yellow flowers; st. 4 didynamous; anthers bearded.

Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces.

Parasitic on Capparis decidua, Acacia arabica, Zizyphus, etc.

658 =Orobanche cernua= Loef. =var. Desertorum= Beck.

Stout parasitic herb, up to 16 in. high, covered with glandular and cobweb-like pubescence and scaly leaves. Spikes cylindric, many- flowered, 8 in. long; cor. bluish-white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 2- and lower 3-lobed.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=O. ramosa= Linn. HALUK—Arab.

Slender branched herb, 1 ft. high, glandular-hairy; scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. in spikes; cor. pale-yellow with a blueish limb, ab. ½ in. long, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed.

Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum).

Parasitic on Tomatoes.

=LENTIBULARIACEÆ (Bladder-worts).=

659 =Utricularia exilis= Oliver.

Delicate dwarf herb; stems creeping filiform; leaves narrowly spathulate or ligulate, ¼ in. long, deciduous before flowering, with small bladders attached to stem and leaves, scape 1-2 in. high, 2-3 flowered; cor. white, yellow or purple, 2-lipped, ab. ⅙ in. long; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=U. Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Delicate twining annual. Leaves unknown. Scapes filiform, twining, up to 6 in. long; fl. up to 6, distant; cor. pale-purple, 2-lipped, spurred; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

=U. subulata= Linn.

Herb, 3-4 in. high, giving out bladder-bearing runners verticillately from base of scape. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, rosulate at base of scape, ¼ in. long. Scape 1-6 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-tipped, spurred; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas) (Sub-terrestrial).

=U. Thonningii= Schumach.

Floating aquatic herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Stem slender bearing verticils of bladder-bearing pectinate-filiform leaves and scapes bearing near their base a verticil of up to 6 spindle-shaped floats and above 3 to many flowers. Sepals 2, enlarged in fruit; cor. pinkish, 2-lipped and spurred; st. 2.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, near Abba Island, & Lake Tura Um Kenen); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=U. stellaris= Linn. f.

Much like above, but flowers yellow.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kenen); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Jur-land: Wau).

=U. reflexa= Oliver.

Floating aquatic herb. Leaves as above but bladders larger (up to ⅙ in. long), up to 8 to a leaf. Scapes without floats, 1-6 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, spurred.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River).

=U. exoleta= R. Br.

Small aquatic plant; stems filiform. Leaves with few slender segments or replaced by small bladders. Scapes floatless, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped and spurred. Caps. globose exceeding calyx.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, on Main River).

=U. incerta= Kam.

Floating aquatic herb; stems long, filiform. Leaves bipinnate, pinnæ ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River).

=BIGNONIACEÆ.=

660 =Spathodea nilotica= Seem. The African “Tulip-tree.”

Tree, ab. 20 ft. high. Leaves opp. or ternate, 5-16 in. long; leaflets 9-15, ovate-oblong, 1½-4 in. long, pubescent below. Fl. in dense terminal corymbose racemes; calyx boat-shaped, 2 in. long; cor. orange- scarlet, 3-4½ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. 8 in. long, lanceolate-oblong; seeds winged, 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Manisilli Brook); Mongalla Prov.

A very handsome tree. The wood is white and very soft; density 0.363.

661 =Stereospermum kunthianum= Cham. KHASHKHASH & KHASHKHASH ABIAD (Fung), SAMR (Kordn.), & SUWEID (Medani)—Arab; TETERLING (J. Daier), KARII (J. Eliri), & N’DULA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LUJURUT—Bari; WULIADO (Bahr El Ghazal), & KONGGOGOI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; CHOKO—Golo; FUNNA—Burun; BARISANGO—Zande.

Tree up to 50 ft. high, with light-coloured flaking bark. Leaves opp. imparipinnate 6-14 in. long; leaflets 5-9 ovate or elliptic-oblong, 1½-5 in. long. Fl. in terminal large cymose panicles; cor. pink with carmine lines, 1½ in. long, tube funnel-shaped; st. 4. Caps. cylindric, 1-2 ft. long; seeds 2-winged.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River & Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Old Wau, Chakchak, & Niamniam-land); Darfur Prov. (Kordofan borders 13° N. Lat.; J. Marra; Kallo Kitting, 4,000 ft.); Mongalla Prov.

Timber whitish, very hard.

662 =Kigelia æthiopica= Decne. ABUSHUTŪR, ABU SIDRA, UMSHUTUR & MASHTURA—Arab; TIMLA (Dilling)—Nuba; KUBULI—Bari; RĀWAR (Kenissa) & RUWĀL (Jonglei)—Dinka; GAFA—Golo; NAK & LUEL—Nuer; RANGBARANGBO—Zande. The “Sausage-tree.”

Large tree. Leaves ternate, pinnate; leaflets 7-11, oblong-elliptic or obovate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long. Fl. in long pendulous, lax panicles. Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped 1 in. long; cor. purple-maroon, 3 in. long; st. 4 and 1 staminode. Fr. subcylindric up to 2 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, pendulous on long peduncles; seeds wingless, thick.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (many parts); Mongalla Prov.

Wood, heavy, hard, yellowish with red spots, hard to work. Branch-wood used for bows. The ashes of the fruit are considered an efficient substitute for boracic powder for cleansing wounds of animals.

=K. æthiopica= Decne. =var. abyssinica= Spr.

Corolla smaller; the cylindric basal portion of tube 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=PEDALIACEÆ.=

663 =Rogeria adenophylla= Gay. SIMSIM AFRĪT (Kordn.), & SAKARAN—Arab; SUKOSUKO (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.

Stout and tall woody herb. Leaves opp., broadly obovate, more or less 3-lobed 2-4 in. long, mealy glandular, dentate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of leaves, ped. short with a gland at base of each; cor. maroon, ab. 2 in. long, tube funnel-shaped, gibbous at base, limb ¾ in. diam., 5-lobed. Caps. obliquely ovoid with 4 to 8 spines at base.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, J. Waratab); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (J. Auli); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa, Sennar); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, banks of the White Nile, El Dueim to Tonga, Upper White Nile Prov., Rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.

The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases of diarrhœa.

664 =Sesamum angustifolium= Engl.

Tall herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate 1-3 in. long, pubescent above, glaucous below. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pink, obliquely campanulate, 1-1½ in. long, obscurely 2-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long, oblong, beaked.

Banks of the White Nile; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. radiatum= Schumach.

Mealy-glandular herb. Lower leaves ovate, toothed, 2½ in. long, upper lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. purple and white, 1½ in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lowest lobe ⅓ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, shortly beaked, pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).

=S. indicum= Linn. SIMSIM—Arab; NIUM—Nuer; SĀRAH—Zande. Sesame.

Mealy glandular and pubescent herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves variable, the lowest 3-partite, 3-6 in. long, pet. 4-6 in., gradually passing above to lanceolate, 2-4 in. long with shorter pet.; cor. white, tinged with pink, 1 in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, with short deltoid beak.

Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Korkos Island between Berber & Khartoum); White Nile Prov. (sub-wild on rocky hills); Fung Prov. (cultivated); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Cultivated for its seed which yields the valuable Sesame seed of commerce. Also wild or sub-wild on rocky hills near the White Nile.

=S. alatum= Thonn. SIMSIM—Arab.

Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves varying from 5-fol. below to simple, lin.-lanceolate above, all long-petioled. Cor. pink to carmine, spotted in throat, 1 in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lobes subequal. Caps. 2 in. long; beak slender, up to ½ in. Seeds 2-winged, wing orbicular.

Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Um Gash, & between Aguri & Taiara); Darfur Prov. (20 m. N. of Fasher).

665 =Ceratotheca sesamoides= Endl. WEIKAT EL BADEIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Glaucous, bushy herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid to hastate, densely mealy-glandular. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pale-lilac, throat yellow with purple lines, ab. 1 in. long, obscurely 2-lipped, lower lobes ¾ in. long. Caps. ½-¾ in. long, hairy, furnished with 2 apical horns.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Taiara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

It is eaten as a vegetable.

=ACANTHACEÆ.=

666 =Thunbergia affinis= S. Moore.

Woody herb, 6-7 ft. high. Leaves opp. as in all this family, ovate, acuminate, 4½ in. long; pet. ¾ in. with 2 thorns at base. Fl. solitary, enclosed by 2 ovate bracteoles, giving a false appearance of a calyx, 1¼ in. long; calyx lobes 5 dotted with white scales; cor. tube yellow, 1¾ in. long; lobes violet, ½ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, beaked.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Naporruporru River).

=T. annua= Hochst.

Hairy marsh herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary on short peduncle; bracteoles 2, ovate, keeled; cor. white (?), tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, ⅛ in. long; st. 4, anthers with 2 spurs at base. Caps. beaked.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).

=T. annua= Hochst. =var. Ruspolii= Burkill.

More hairy. Leaves subtruncate at base; bracteoles hirsute.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

=T. hispida= Solm.

Hispidly white herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; bracteoles 2, ovate-acuminate; cor. white, lobes 5; st. 4, anthers 2-spurred below. Caps. 1 in. long, glandular.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: between Abwong and Nasser).

=T. alata= Boj.

Climbing, pilose herb. Leaves ovate sagittate or hastate, 2½ in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long, winged. Fl. solitary on 2 in. long peduncles; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long; cor. tube claret-coloured 1/5 in. long; lobes 5, yellow to white, ab. ½ in. long; anthers 4, 2 upper ones 1-spurred, 2 lower 2-spurred. Caps. ¾ in. long, seeds 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=T. Schweinfurthii= S. Moore.

Strigose herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2½ in. long, hastate. Fl. solitary, peduncles ab. 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, white with green veins. Cor. 1¼ in. long, lobes small; st. 4, 2 anthers 1-spurred.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: near Zeriba Kutshuk Ali).

667 =Elytraria crenata= Vahl.

Dwarf pubescent herb. Leaves alt., crowded near the base, 2-7 in. long, spathulate or oblanceolate, crenate or sinuate. Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, covered with small bracts; spikes simple or compound; bracteoles 2; calyx 4-partite; cor. white or pale blue, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).

668 =Nelsonia campestris= R. Br.

Small villous, diffuse herb. Leaves opp., elliptic, variable in size. Spikes 1-3 in. long imbricated; bracts ovate; bracteoles 0; cor. usually pale lilac or white, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; st. 2. Caps. oblong, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Roseires and Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Mvolo and Ngama, Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.

669 =Hygrophila spinosa= T. Anders. MASHIKA & SHUEIKA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; TĪL (or ATIL) (Meshra El Zeraf & Kenissa)—Dinka.

Bushy spiny herb, growing in marshy ground. Leaves oblanceolate, hispid, 3-4 in. long, opp. or whorled with 6 spines 1 in. long at their base. Fl. in dense axillary clusters with many linear or lanceolate bracts; cor. mauve, 2-lipped, upper one forming a hood, tube ½ in. long, lip ⅓ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4-8, placed on small brackets (retinacula) and covered with fine hairs (hygroscopic) which uncurl when wetted.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein southwards, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (several places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab and Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

The whole plant or its ashes and the roots are used as a cooling medicine and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism, etc. The seeds are demulcent and diuretic.

=H. cærulea= T. Anders.

Bushy pilose herb. Leaves narrowly obovate, ½-¾ in. long, sessile. Fl. in short terminal spikes; bracts linear; calyx segments 5, filiform, ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper hooded; st. 4 unequal. Caps. ¼ in. long, many seeded; seeds as above.

White Nile Prov. (J. Musa, El Ehs); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Glet and Um Kheren).

670 =Dyschoriste Perrottetii= O. Kuntze.

Undershr. 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3½ in. long. Fl. 3-8, clustered; bracteoles 2, lin.-oblong; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-partite; cor. ½ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. ab. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: River Tidju, Mittu-land).

671 =Ruellia patula= Jacq.

Small shrub. Leaves in subequal pairs, ovate or elliptic, ½-2½ in. long, grey-pubescent. Cymes small, axillary, enclosed in ¾ in. long spathulate-oblong bracteoles; cor. mauve or white, 1⅓ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal, spreading. Caps. ½ in. long, club-shaped; seeds ab. 12, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Nubian coast); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

=R. prætermissa= Lindau.

Much as above. Leaves somewhat larger and more pointed, nearly glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, & Bongo-land: Gir & Niamniam-land).

=R. genduana= C. B. Clarke.

Small shrub. Leaves up to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, glabrous. Caps. hairy otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).

672 =Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton= Lindau.

Shrub. Leaves ovate, toothed, long petioled. Fl. in scorpioid, axillary, lax cymes or terminal panicles; calyx 5-part., ½ in. long; cor. tube 1 in. long, inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. under ½ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

673 =Phaylopsis falcisepala= C. B. Clarke.

Branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., often unequal and oblique, ovate, acuminate, up to 3 in. long. Fl. sessile in threes, in axils of large dense imbricated bracts in a close one-sided inflor.; sepals 5 of which 2 are falcate; cor. white or purplish, tube ¼ in., lobes 5, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

=P. Barteri= T. Anders.

Shrubby herb 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate both ends, up to 4½ in. long. Fl. in dense imbricate (strobilate) spikes 2½ in. long; calyx segments 5, from elliptic to linear; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, inflated above. Caps. and seeds as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dimo in Jur-land).

674 =Satanocrater fellatensis= Schwfth.

Undershrub. Leaves elliptic or broad-lanceolate, 3 in. long. Fl. solitary, opp. in the leaf-axils; calyx tubular, inflated, 5-angled and 5-toothed, 1 in. long; cor. blue, tube inflated, ab. 2 in. long, lobes 5, subequal, ½ in. long; st. 4. Caps. oblong; seeds 4 discoid and hygroscopic.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Fellata village).

675 =Hemigraphis abyssinica= C. B. Clarke.

Pubescent wiry herb. Leaves elliptic, ⅔ in. long, subsessile. Fl. in axillary clusters and quasi-terminal spikes; sepals 5, hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, tubular and 5-lobed; st. 4. Caps. cylindric; seeds 6-12, hygroscopic on stout retinacula.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).

=H. Schweinfurthii= C. B. Clarke.

Pubescent herb, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, tapering to both ends. Fl. much as above.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: mouth of Khor Filus); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, & Mittu-land: Rivers Roa & Wokko).

676 =Blepharis bœrhaaviæfolia= Pers.

Procumbent shrubby herb. Leaves 4-nate in distant whorls, elliptic, 1½ in. long, sessile. Fl. in axil of terminal bract in a bracteate spike; bract ⅓ in. long, spathulate with 7-15 spines at margin; cor. blue, ½ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Roah River).

=B. linariifolia= Pers. BEGHEIL or UM BEGEIL—Arab.

Low growing woody herb. Leaves linear, up to 3 in. long. Bracteate spikes in the axils of the branches, 1-3 in. long; bracts up to 1 in. long, ovate abruptly pointed and recurved, with 6 brown spines; bracteoles linear; cor. deep blue, 1 in. long, 1-lipped; st. 4; anthers hairy, filaments of 2 antichous stamens bearing a horn-like appendage. Capsule ovoid; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx and of camels.

=B. edulis= Pers.

Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 pair smaller, oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in strobilate spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between North Atbara, Khors in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.

A good camel fodder.

677 =Acanthus arboreus= Forsk.

Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed or sub-pinnatifid, up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 in. long, by 2 in. broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as (2) bracteoles; calyx spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds glabrous.

Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli).

=A. montanus= T. Anders.

Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but flowers and capsule larger and leaves caudate.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

678 =Barleria candida= Nees.

Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. Seeds shaggy, hygroscopic as all in this genus.

Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills).

=B. Prionitis= Linn.

Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually ab. 3-4 in. long with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. axillary, solitary or 2 together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, 1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, beaked, 2-seeded.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).

It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the leaves is used in catarrhal affections of children. It is also used to harden the feet and thus prevent the soles from cracking.

=B. diacantha= Nees.

Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and about 1 in. long.

No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).

=B. trispinosa= Vahl. OT-HAUK—Hadendowa.

Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to 1 in. long. Fl. in terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, 2-lipped, otherwise as above.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).

=B. grandicalyx= Lindau.

Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. long; interpet. spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. spinous; cor. pale blue, tube ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); Upper White Nile Prov.

=B. acanthoides= Vahl.

Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., seeds 4.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin).

=B. spinulosa= Klotzsch.

Tomentose and glandular-hairy herb. Leaves elliptic, up to 3 in. long. Fl. in axillary compact bracteate racemes 1-8 flowered; bracts and sepals ab. ½ in. long, spine-toothed; cor. pale-blue, ¾ in. long, lobes. Caps. ½ in. long, seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

=B. parviflora= R. Br.

Unarmed shrubby herb with appressed white hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, up to 1¼ in. long, sessile. Cymes lax, 1-3 flowered; bracts ⅓ in. long, broad lanceolate; 2 outer calyx segments ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, pubescent, beaked; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=B. eranthemoides= R. Br.

Spiny and bushy plant, not unlike B. Prionitis, but cor. tube 1 in. long, linear to top; lobes 5, yellow, sub-equal, ⅓-½ in. long, not 2-lipped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=B. Hochstetteri= Nees.

Unarmed undershrub, with minute rough hairs. Leaves elliptic, ab. 1¾ in. long; pet. short. Cymes few-flowered, lax; 2 outer calyx segments, nearly ½ in. long, ovate; cor. tube ½ in. long, lobes ⅓-½ in. Caps. nearly ½ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur).

=B. calophylla= Lindau.

Unarmed herb, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, rounded or cordate. Infl. in 1-3 flowered axillary racemes, crowded at top into an oblong head; bracts ⅔ in. long; calyx segments varying from 1 to 1½ in. long; cor. white or pinkish, tube 1½ in. long, lobes 1¼ in. long. Caps. ¾ in; seeds 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bongo-land: Addai).

=B. ventricosa= Nees.

Scrambling, spiny herb or undershr., 3-6 ft. high. Leaves strigose with tawny hairs, up to 2 in. long, yellowish-green. Fl. in axillary cymes forming a less dense head than above; bracts ½ in. long; sepals 5, postichous one quadrate-oblong, ½ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, blue or purple, funnel-shaped; lobes 5. Caps. ½ in. long, ellipsoid; seeds 2.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha near Dilling).

=B. Grantii= Oliv.

Scrambling herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, hairy, dark green. Cymes 1-2 flowered, axillary and running into terminal spikes; bracts ¾ in. long, linear; postichous sepal ¾ in. long, ovate; cor. deep purple; tube ⅔ in., long, inflated, lobes ⅔ in. long. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

679 =Neuracanthus niveus= S. Moore.

Undershrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, up to 4 in. long, white stellate- tomentose beneath. Fl. in axillary sessile ovoid heads, white-hairy; bracts ½ in. long; calyx 2-partite, antichous segment 2-fid, postichous 3-fid; cor. ⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped, lobes 5, triangular. Caps. ovoid, beaked, small. Seeds 2-4 hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

680 =Crossandra nilotica= Oliv.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, up to 4 in. long. Fl. in imbricate, bracteate spikes, 1-2½ in. long; bracts ab. ½ in. long, obovate- elliptic; calyx 5-partite, postichous segment with 2 hairy teeth; cor. brick-red, tube ¾ in. long, lobes 5, ½ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, elliptic; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Itang); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=var. acuminata= Lindau.

Tip of bracts more acute than above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: near Biselli).

=C. subacaulis= C. B. Clarke.

Almost acaulescent herb. Leaves basal, crowded, obovate, up to 6 in. long, sessile. Fl. on peduncles up to 5 in. long, bearing loose spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-9 nerved, otherwise fl. as in above.

Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Moru-land.

681 =Asystasia coromandeliana= Nees.

Herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 3 in. long, suddenly narrowed at base. Racemes 2-6 in. long, often forming a terminal panicle; cor. lilac to yellow or white; tube ¾ in. long, inflated; limb 5-fid; st. 4, each 1-2 spurred. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, not hygroscopic.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur (Kulme).

682 =Eranthemum decurrens= Nees.

Herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 4-9 in. long, decurrent into petiole. Fl. 1-3 together on bracteate 4-6 in. long spikes pubescent and with stalked glands; bracts minute; sepals small, equal; cor. yellow with red centre, tube 1 in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, hairless.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Dimo).

=E. hypocrateriforme= Roem. & Schultes. ERG EL NIMR—Arab; MERZIS—Hameg.

Shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 3½ in. long, white- dotted. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense; cor. scarlet, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5 spreading, ½ in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1¼ in. long; seeds 4, hairless.

Fung Prov.

The root ground to a paste is given in merissa for stomach-ache.

683 =Lepidagathis scariosa= Nees.

Herb, woody below. Leaves elliptic to ovate, 2 in. long, grey hairy beneath. Fl. in terminal ovoid heads, with soft prickles and gland- tipped hairs; cor. 2-lipped, 1 in. long; st. 4; caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (30 miles E. of Zalingei).

=L. Schweinfurthii= Lindau.

Low herb, woody below. Leaves linear, 4 in. long, crowded at base except on 1 or more elongated leaf-bearing shoots, ab. 6 in. long. Fl. mostly in dense hairy radical heads; cor. white with purple spots, ⅔ in. long; st. 4; seeds hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=L. radicalis= Nees.

Differs from above by more hairy, shorter and slightly broader leaves.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish near J. Eliri); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Goluberi Volcano, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. myrtifolia= S. Moore.

Woody plant, apparently rooting on trees or rocks, ab. 2-3 ft. high; branches flexuous. Leaves elliptic, 1 in. long, subsessile. Fl. in radical and axillary dense ovoid white-hairy heads; bracts ⅓ in. long; sepals 5; cor. 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir).

=L. perglabra= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous except for margins of floral leaves. Leaves linear, 3-nerved, 3¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary heads.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).

=L. peniculifera= S. Moore.

Stout woody plant. Leaves linear, 1¼ in. long, tips acute, with long white hairs. Spikes compound, 2 in. long, one-sided, 1 to 2 together; bracts dense, leathery, ovate mucronate; sep. 5, ⅓ in. long, hairy and leathery; cor. ⅔ in. long; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Reggo).

=L. Medusæ= S. Moore.

Stout villous plant. Leaves 4 in. by ½ in., 5-nerved. Spikes unilateral, compound, 1-2 together in upper axils, 1½ in. long; bracts ovate with long deflexed white hairy tails; sepals 5, also with ⅓ in. long tails; cor. ⅔ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).

=L. laguroidea= T. Anders.

Woody plant; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves ovate to narrow- elliptic, 2 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikes terminal, 2 in. long, not imbricate; bracts lin.-lanceolate; cor. ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).

684 =Justicia Betonica= Linn.

Shrubby, nearly glabrous herb. Leaves ovate, acuminate to both ends, 3 in. long. Spikes imbricate, 4½ in. long; bracts somewhat 4-ranked, ovate, ⅓ in. long, white with green nerves; bracteoles similar, smaller; cor. white, rose-spotted, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, long-tailed. Caps. ½ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, rugose.

Kordofan Prov.

=J. betonicoides= C. B. Clarke.

As above, but leaves subsessile, oblong or lanceolate, hairy beneath and on nerves above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu- & Bongo-lands).

=J. flava= Vahl. MAHBAB (White Nile Prov.)—Arab.

Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long, both surfaces hairy; pet. ⅔ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-8 in. long, sometimes interrupted at base; bracts ab. ½ in. long, lanceolate, containing 1-3 fl., green, hairy; bracteoles similar but smaller; sep. 5, small, hairy; cor. yellow; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, tailed. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, shortly hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin & Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, Sobat: mouth of Khor Filus).

=J. palustris= T. Anders.

Leaves oblong tapering to both ends, 6½ in. long; pet. short, otherwise much as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=J. insularis= T. Anders.

Scrambling hispid herb. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 3½ in. long; pet. ¼-1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 in axil of each bract; bracts round or obovate, ⅓ in. long; cor. white with purple mark on lower lip which is 3-lobed and the longer; st. 2 as above. Caps. ⅓ in., seeds 4, rugose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

=J. calcarata= Hochst.

Herb with woody rootstock; branches with spreading hairs. Leaves 3 × 1 in. tapering to both ends. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; bracts ovate or elliptic, ⅓ in. long; cor. purple, otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gurfala).

=J. galeopsis= T. Anders.

Much as J. insularis but leaves oblong, subsessile, calyx more hispid; cor. purple-red or yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.).

=J. sexangularis= Lindau.

Herb, 18 in. high with 6-angled stem, scabrid hairy. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in., subsessile. Fl. 1-3 in axils of oblong bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ab. ¼ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, tubercled.

Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).

=J. Whytei= S. Moore.

Hairy herb with stout woody rootstock. Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. hairy; seeds 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=J. heterocarpa= T. Anders.

Pubescent annual, 8-20 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½ in. long; pet. ½-¾ in. Fl. in axillary clusters of 2 to many; sepals minute, white-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. of 2 kinds in same head, one 4-seeded, normal, and one 1-seeded and spinous-winged.

Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit & 21° N. Lat.).

=J. odora= Vahl.

Undershr., 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long. Fl. solitary to 3 in axils of bracts; cor. ½ in. long, yellow. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 4 tubercular-scabrous.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=J. anselliana= T. Anders. ABU NUWARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ALUME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Weak herb, 12 to 20 in. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1¾ in. long or ovate, ⅔ in. long. Fl. 2-8 in axillary scorpioid cymes; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, wrinkled and more or less winged.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards, Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Sabbi River); Bahr El Jebel.

=J. matammensis= Oliv.

Much like above; more pubescent and no leaves linear; cor. white.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=J. uncinulata= Oliv. =var. tenuicapsa= C. B. Clarke.

Rootstock woody; branches 4-6 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate ½-⅔ in. long. Spikes axillary, unilateral with few distant solitary flowers; cor. ab. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in., slender, hispid near top; seeds 4, rugose.

Upper White Nile.

685 =Monechma hispidum= Hochst. SHAIIR (Goz El Siada)—Arab; TILL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; MELL—Burun.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3 × ¾ in., hispid-scabrous or glabrate. Spikes hispid with long white hairs, 4 in. long in fruit; bracts 1 in. long, oblong, bracteoles ¾ in.; sepals 5, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, spotted purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther-cell below the other, long-tailed, tail 2-fid. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 2 with tufts of hair at either end.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=M. bracteatum= Hochst. FAKHAH (Sennar, Dinder)—Arab.

Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Spikes strobilate (imbricate) 2 in. long, axillary or terminal; bracts round, ciliate, enclosing calyx which is 1/5 in. long, hairy; cor. ½ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ¼ in. long, white-hairy; seeds 2, yellow-brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).

=M. varians= C. B. Clarke.

Herb with woody rootstock, up to 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long, subsessile. Spikes terminal, 1¼ in. long, dense; bracts oblong-elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles ⅓ in. long; sepals 5, glandular- hairy, one smaller; cor. ½ in. long; anthers short-tailed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between River Biri & Deim Zubeir).

686 =Ecbolium linneanum= Kurz.

Shrub. Leaves narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, up to 3 in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long: bracts strobilate ¾ in. long, ovate, apiculate, often pubescent; bracteoles ¼ in. long, linear; sepals 5, linear; cor. tube ab. 1 in. long, limb 2-lipped, ½ in.; st. 2, anthers nearly equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 2, rough edged.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Suakin, & 21° N. Lat.).

=E. Anisacanthus= C. B. Clarke.

Small woody, densely white-hairy shrub. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, 1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 1¾ in. long, 8-12 flowered; bracts hardly imbricate, elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles minute; calyx small, 2-lipped; cor. tube ⅓ in.; limb 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. Anthers of equal height. Caps ⅓ in. long; seeds 2, yellow, smooth, shining.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Erkowit); Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omari).

687 =Dicliptera maculata= Nees.

Herb, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3½ in. long; pet. 1 in. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 in. long; pedicels many, ¾ in. long; outer bract under ½ in., elliptic, pubescent; bracteoles 2; sep. 5, ⅙ in. long; cor. purple to white, deeply 2-lipped, ¾ in. long; st. 2, one anther cell above the other. Caps. small, ovoid; seeds 2 or 4.

Æthiopia.

=D. micranthes= Nees. RAKAB—Arab.

Tall herb; stems 6-angled; angles whitened. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikelets in dense globose heads, ½-¾ in. diam., terminal and axillary; 2 bracts of the spikelet ab. ⅓ in. long, obovate- lanceolate, suddenly narrowed into a spinescent mucro, with long white hair; bracteoles shorter, linear; sepals 5, small; cor. ab. ½ in. long, mauve. Caps. ⅙ in. long, somewhat hairy; seeds up to 4, tubercled.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar, Meshra El Zeraf).

=D. nilotica= C. B. Clarke.

Herb, 4-8 in. high, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Flower heads dense, small, terminal, or the axillary heads peduncled; bracts lin.-oblong, hairy; sepals 5, small; cor. rose-purple to white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, lips unusually broad; 1 anther cell above the other.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

688 =Peristrophe bicalyculata= Nees. HERSHA (White Nile) & NA’ANA’A (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tall, glabrous or hispid herb, branches 4-7 angular. Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Panicles often 12-18 in. long, very lax, much divided, spikelets with 1 perfect fl.; bracts 2, enclosing the calyx and ⅓ in. long; bracteoles 2, calyx small; cor. pale-purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther cell above the other. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, smooth or papillose.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Hilla Nu, Bara, etc.); Mongalla Prov.

The Plant, macerated in water, is said to be a useful remedy for snake- bite.

=P. luteoviridis= C. B. Clarke.

Stout yellow-green herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly 4 in. long, narrowed both ends. Fl. clustered in dense spikes 3 in. long; spikelets 1-flowered; bracts and bractlets ½ in. long; calyx ⅓ in. long; cor. rose, purple spotted, 1 in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, anther cells nearly at equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 4, smooth, discoid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Bekir & Niamniam-land).

689 =Hypoestes cancellata= Nees. MAHALAB (Baggara)—Arab; EMBEILU (Kadugli)—Nuba.

More or less hairy herb; stems 2 ft. high, bent at the joints. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Heads mainly terminal, 1½ in. long, in dense congested panicles, yellow, hispid; spikeless 1-flowered; bracts ½ in. long, including a linear tail; cor. red ¾ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, tubercled.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).

=H. strobilifera= S. Moore.

Pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 5½ in. long. Heads terminal, 1 in. long, densely strobilate; outer floral leaves spathulate-obovate, with 1-3 spikelets under each; bracts 1/5 in.; sep. small; cor. pale-lilac, ⅔ in. long, deeply 2-lipped; st. 2; anthers 1-celled, blunt. Caps. ⅓ in.; seeds 4, tubercled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).

=H. Forskalei= R. Br.

Nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Infl. axillary, forming a terminal panicle; spikelets in unilateral cymes, 1½ in. long; 2 outer bracts connate; cor. mauve with purple spots in throat, ½ in. long, deeply 2-lipped, upper lip and central lobe of lower curled back; st. 2, abruptly club-shaped, filaments with purple hairs. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, smooth.

Kordofan Prov. (Abu Hefe); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra & over 6,500 ft.).

=H. verticillaris= R. Br. ABU FAS (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Stem with long and gland-tipped hairs mixed. Leaves ovate, sharply narrowed to both ends, ab. 3 in. long. Bracts fringed with white hairs, otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

The roots are used at Meshra El Zeraf for dyeing mats.

=VERBENACEÆ.=

690 =Lantana viburnoides= Vahl.

Erect hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate. Spikes dense, axillary, up to 1½ in. long; bracts ovate, up to ¼ in. long; calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, small; cor. white, 5-lobed, ⅙ in. long. Drupe fleshy, purple, size of a pea.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=L. salvifolia= Jacq.

Hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Spikes globose to oblong, 1 in. long; bracts ovate, ¼ in. long; cor. lilac or pink, ⅓ in. long; limb patent ⅙ in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Drupe purple, edible.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Has Has & Khor Tamanib); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. petitiana= Rich.

Hispid undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, ½ in. long, crenate. Heads globose, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts ovate, ⅙ in. long; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb small, 5-lobed; st. and drupe as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

691 =Lippia nodiflora= Rich. LIBBIA—Arab.

Trailing herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves opp. or fascicled, obovate, dentate in upper half. Spikes globose to oblong, ¼ in. diam.; bracts small; cor. small, purplish.

Red Sea Prov. (coast); Khartoum & Blue Nile Provinces.

Suited for an edging plant in gardens and used for lawns.

=L. Radula= Baker.

Woolly herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, crenate. Heads oblong, ½ in. long, several together in a terminal panicle; bracts imbricate, orbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; cor. length of bract, 4-lobed; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi River).

=L. adoensis= Hochst.

Erect, shortly pubescent undershrub, 5-7 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 or more- whorled, oblong, up to 5 in. long. Heads globose forming a terminal panicle; bracts ovate; cor. 4-lobed, minute, white; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Upper).

=L. citriodora= H.B. & K. LUWEIS—Arab.

Introduced (Makwar); Blue Nile Prov.

692 =Bouchea pterygocarpa= Schauer.

White pubescent undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1½ in. long. Spikes 6-9 in. long, terminal; fl. in axil of a bract, appressed to rachis; cor. scarlet, tube ½ in. long; limb patent, lobes 5, st. 4, didynamous. Caps. winged at apex.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. (near Jebel Saggadi); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kuhn, Melbes).

=B. marrubiifolia= Schauer. DANABĀN or ERG EL BUGR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

White pubescent, branched herb, much like above. Cor. white; capsule not winged.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Okurr, Wadi Abu Kotod); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad, Wadi Taiara, Um Marba & Um Dam).

693 =Stachytarpheta angustifolia= Vahl. ABONGANDUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ADELFUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; DELPA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.

Bushy herb with 4-angled stems. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate. Spikes very slender, 6-9 in. long; rachis hollowed to receive appressed flowers; bracts ⅓ in. long; calyx as long, 5-toothed and ribbed; cor. lilac, ⅔ in. long; limb patent, 5-lobed; st. 2. Fr. cylindrical, ¼ in. long.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Sobat Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

The roots are used by Arabs as collyrium.

694 =Priva leptostachya= Juss.

Bushy hairy herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-3 in. long, crenate; spikes 6-12 in. long; fl. lax on a square rachis; bracts small; calyx ¼ in. long enlarging in fruit; cor. ½ in. long, white, limb ¼ in. diam., 2-lipped, white; st. 4, didynamous. Fr. enclosed in enlarged calyx; nutlets 2.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi El Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Jebel Waratab).

695 =Verbena supina= Linn. MORREYA (Ehrenb.)—Arab.

Densely pubescent annual. Leaves opp., bipinnatifid, deltoid. Spikes dense; bracts and calyx minute; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb patent, 5-lobed, 1/12 in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Caps. minute.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Sodari); Darfur Prov.

=V. officinalis= Linn.

Glabrous perennial. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, deeply pinnatifid. Spikes lax in a terminal panicle. Fl. as above; cor. limb ⅙ in. diam.

Fung Prov.

The leaves are considered a febrifuge and tonic and are said to be used as a rubefacient in rheumatism and diseases of the joints. The root is believed to be a remedy for scrofula and snake-bite.

696 =Duranta Plumieri= Jacq.

Unarmed or spinous shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, sometimes crenate. Racemes long, terminal; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long; lobes 5, spreading, ⅓ in. diam. St. 4, didynamous. Drupe yellow, size of a pea, enclosed in enlarged calyx.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River District).

An excellent hedge plant.

697 =Premna resinosa= Schauer. SAAT—Arab; TŪR (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub with scented leaves. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or oblong, ½-1½ in. long, entire or crenate. Panicles small, terminal, corymbose; fl. minute, whitish or greenish. Drupe black, size of a pea.

Nubia (Wadi Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, Jebel Waratab & 21° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes, Abu Haraza, Abu Snun, Wadi Taiara & between Obeid Ogari & El Mareikib & Melbes); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

Fruit eaten.

698 =Vitex tangensis= Gürke.

Shrub or small tree, clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves opp., digitately 3-fol.; leaflets 2-3 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, axillary; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; cor. tube twice length of calyx, limb patent, white (?); st. 4, exserted. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Chakchak).

=V. madiensis= Oliv.

Tree. Leaves opp., simple or 3-5 fol., glabrous above, hairy beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, crenate in upper half, 5-6 in. cymes; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. ¼ in. long, limb long; pet. 3-4 in. long. Fl. in axillary, corymbose, hairy patent. Fr. edible, size of a small plum.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshook Ali’s Zariba, Dinka- land, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Fruit edible.

=V. Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Tree; extremities drab pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, axillary; bracts large, linear. Fl. much as above.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Gir & Dinka-land: Lau).

=V. Cienkowskii= Kotschy & Peyr. ABDUGULGUL, UMDIGULGUL or GULGUL (Baggara), ZEITUN (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.), or KURAIN—Arab; KLURUF (J. Daier), TIDOGI & MADIMU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KONINK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; ORO—Golo; YALAH—Jur.

Large tree. Leaves 5-fol., glabrous; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long, distinctly petioled; main pet. 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long peduncled; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. yellowish-brown, ab. ½ in. long, limb obliquely patent. Fr. size of a cherry, edible.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, between Wau & Chak Chak, & Tonj; Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Wood white, light. Fruit eaten and when roasted is said to be a substitute for tea.

699 =Clerodendron acerbianum= Boiss.

Riverside shrub; bark grey and rough; extremities, leaves and infl. grey-woolly. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense terminal and axillary clusters; bracts linear, ¾ in. long; calyx ¾ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5, ovate, ⅙ in. long; st. 4, exserted. Fr. somewhat like a black-berry, not edible.

Berber Prov. (Mograd Island); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein to Sobat); Sobat River (near Nasser).

=C. Schweinfurthii= Gürke.

Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, often serrate. Fl. in axillary long-peduncled heads; calyx tube campanulate; cor. tube 1½ in. long, lobes 5; st. 4, much exserted as well as style. Drupe black, ⅓ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. Formicarum= Gürke.

Shrub. Leaves 2-4-nate, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in subumbellate terminal panicles; cor. white, tube ¼ in. long, lobes 5, minute; st. 4, ¼ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. harnierianum= Schweinf.

Shrub; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves 2-3-nate, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 2 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a cymose terminal panicle; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. purple, ab. 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov.

=C. cordifolium= A. Rich.

Undershr. or shrub, erect or scandent. Leaves opp., ovate-cordate, 3-4 in. long, pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming an ample terminal panicle; calyx 5-toothed, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 5, ⅓ in. long; st. 4, 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra 6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & East of Limo’s village); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. capitatum= Schumach. & Thonn.

Small shrub; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves opp., broadly ovate- dentate, pubescent beneath, 6-12 in. long. Fl. in dense sessile terminal heads, 6-9 in. diam.; bracts red, lanceolate, foliaceous; calyx ¾ in. long, pubescent, segments ciliate; cor. white, tube slender, 3-4 in. long; lobes ½ in. Drupe black in red accrescent calyx.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

=C. myricoides= R. Br. HAMALMA—Rashida (Red Sea Prov.).

Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, oblong, 2-6 in. long, toothed. Cymes lax; calyx small, 5-lobed; cor. tubes short; lobes, upper ½ in. long, white, lower ¾ in. long, pale blue; st. 4, arcuate, ¾-1 in. long. Drupe black.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); Bahr El Jebel.

=C. Neumayeri= Vatke.

Shrub, 15-16 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, entire or crenate at the middle, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; flowers in axillary cymes; corolla very short, the limb 1 in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

=C. alatum= Gürke.

Herb with 4-angled and narrowly winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, up to 1 ft. long, oblanceolate, toothed in upper third. Panicle thyrsoid, many-flowered, terminal, 1 ft. long; cor. tube short, upper lobes whitish-lilac, lower violet with 2 white blotches.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).

=C. triflorum= Vis.

Shrub with bluntly 4-angled branches. Leaves long-petioled, broadly- ovate, toothed at the middle. Cymes axillary, drooping, 3-flowered; calyx 5-angled, lobes lanceolate; cor. tube 3 times length of calyx, lobes elliptic.

Nubia.

=C. near C. neriifolium= Wall.

Shrub, ab. 5 ft. high, branches 4-angled, sulcate. Leaves ternate below, alt. above, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, larger ones sometimes obsoletely and coarsely serrate. Fl. axillary in simple and compound cymes, forming terminal panicles; calyx ½ in. long, accrescent and broadly campanulate in fruit, 5-toothed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, slender, lobes 5, 2 upper ½ in. long, lower ⅓ in.; st. 4, 1 in long, didynamous, exserted; style 1½ in. long, bifid; ovary 4-celled, ovules 4. Drupe black.

Mongalla Prov. (Sudd Region & Bor); Bahr El Jebel (on termite hills).

=C. ugandense= Prain.

Shrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves opposite, elliptic to narrowly obovate, coarsely toothed, up to 4½ in. long and 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes lax, few- flowered. Flowers whitish and blue.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

700 =Avicennia marina= Stapf. SHORA—Arab.

Shrub or small tree, white tomentose. Leaves opp., oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose beneath. Spikes globose, terminal and axillary; bracts minute, broadly ovate; calyx 5-partite; cor. tube short, funnel-shaped, lobes 4-5, bright-yellow; st. 4. Fr. ovoid, 1 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., Littoral).

Fruit bitter but edible. The bark is used for tanning.

=LABIATÆ.=

701 =Ocimum basilicum= Linn. RIHAN—Arab; ORHAN—Hadendowa; KWARNYĀL (Dilling)—Nuba. Basil.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, length of a whorl; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-lobed, uppermost lobe orbicular decurrent, lower deltoid, mucronate, 2 lowest longest of all; cor. white, tinged purple, ½ in. long, tube ¼ in., limb 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, 2 upper toothed at base of filaments, anthers 1-celled; bifid style rising from central base of 4 lobes of the ovary as in all this family as also fr. of 4 nutlets.

Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

It yields a strong fibre. The plant is aromatic and on distillation yields a volatile oil which, when kept, solidifies into a crystalline camphor. The seeds infused in water make a cooling drink; they are said to be demulcent, stimulant, diuretic & diaphoretic.

=O. canum= Sims.

Densely pubescent annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes as in all this genus, 3-6 in. long; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral lobes minute, otherwise as above; cor. white, ⅙ in. long; st. as above, much exserted.

Cultivated. Also in Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur; Jur Ghattas).

The leaves made into paste are used to cure parasitical diseases of the skin.

=O. suave= Willd.

Pubescent perennial. Leaves ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate, densely hairy beneath. Racemes dense, panicled, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, deciduous; calyx ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ¼ in. long, white, tinged purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Kero & Ngama).

=O. menthæfolium= Hochst. HADANIT—Hadendowa.

Perennial very like O. canum. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj & Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40 miles West of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=O. citriodorum= Vis.

Undershrub; stems pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate. Racemes lax, simple; bracts shortly petioled, ciliate; calyx hairy, upper lobe orbicular, lateral ovate, lower lanceolate, subulate; cor. blue-violet, longer than calyx, small; filaments of upper st. with tuft of hairs at base.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov.

=O. Johnstonii= Baker.

Tall, bushy, fragrant herb. Leaves ovate, deeply crenate, ab. 1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long; upper filaments of st. with basal tufts of hairs.

Khartoum, cultivated.

=O. dichotomum= Hochst.

Erect branched annual. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Racemes long, lax; bracts small; calyx tube campanulate in fruit, ⅙ in. long; cor. a little longer than calyx; st. filaments unappendaged at base.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

702 =Platystoma africanum= P. Beauv.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes fairly dense, 3-6 in. long, whorls 10-flowered; pedicels deflexed in fruit; calyx lobes 2, toothed; cor. pale lilac, minute, bilabiate, upper lip 4-toothed, lower entire; st. 4, declinate, filaments dilated at base.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir & Jur).

703 =Acrocephalus Schweinfurthii= Briquet.

Tall herb with grey appressed hairs. Leaves linear, 1-2 in. long, narrowed at each end. Fl. in globose, corymbose heads, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, tipped blue-purple; calyx minute; cor. small, 2-lipped, upper lip 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, exserted, filaments unappendaged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Aweit & Agada).

=A. lilacinus= Oliv.

Hairy perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves whorled, lin.-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long, denticulate. Heads in dense, terminal corymbs; basal bracts ovate, yellowish, upper orbicular, cuneate, cuspidate, greenish, ⅛ in. long; cor. pale-lilac, nearly ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi River).

=A. Heudelotii= Briquet.

Pubescent perennial, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves whorled, linear, 1½-2 in. long. Heads globose corymbose; basal bracts linear, foliaceous, upper obovate-cuneate, pale, hairy, ⅛ in. long; cor. twice as long as calyx, pale violet.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada near Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit).

704 =Moschosma polystachyum= Benth.

Much-branched annual; stem 4-angled, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes 2-4 in. long, with 6-10 flowered whorls; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper tooth orbicular, not decurrent, lateral ovate, lower cuspidate; cor. pale lilac, 2-lipped, lobes short.

Fung Prov. (Saoleil, Blue Nile, Jongol’s Post, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Abba Island); Kordofan Prov. (moist places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & 5° 10′ N.L.).

705 =Orthosiphon bartsioides= Baker.

Slender perennial. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, crenate, pubescent, sessile. Raceme long, lax; whorls 2-flowered; calyx deflexed in fruit, upper tooth orbicular decurrent, 4 others cuspidate, ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ½ in. long; st. 4, not exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Roa River, Niamniam-land: River Mabode).

=O. pallidus= Royle.

Branched perennial. Leaves short-petioled, small, ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes terminal, whorls few-flowered; calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe orbicular and decurrent, lateral and lower large-awned; cor. ½ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).

=O. Schimperi= Benth.

Branched perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, hairy, 1-3 in. long, long petioled. Racemes whorled; calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe suborbicular, decurrent, lateral small-awned, lower longer awned; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lobes small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

706 =Becium (Ocimum) Knyanum= (Vatke) N.E. Br.

Erect pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, linear to oblong- lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Racemes long, lax, with a tuft of linear bracts; whorls 4-6 flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper lobe orbicular, decurrent, others large-awned; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, exserted, upper filaments with basal tufts of hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Gir & Jur Ghattas).

=B. obovatum= N.E. Br.

Erect herb, 1 ft. high from woody rhizome. Leaves sessile, elliptic- obovate, 1½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, densely gland-dotted, subentire. Spikes broadly triangular, 1½ in. long. Bracts purplish. Calyx pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River, between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).

=B. (Ocimum) Schweinfurthii= (Briquet) N.E. Br.

Tall pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to 6 in. long, cuneate at base, crenate, scabrous above. Raceme short, dense, terminal; bracts large obovate, cuspidate; calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, slightly decurrent, others bristle-like; cor. ½ in. long; st. 4, upper filaments toothed at base.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango River).

707 =Hoslundia opposita= Vahl. SASA DIM—Rashida.

Much branched shrub. Leaves opp., oblong or obl.-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate. Panicles terminal, lax; bracts minute; calyx small, broadly 5-toothed, enlarged globose and red in fruit; cor. lilac, ⅙ in. long, 2-lipped, st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Nuer District); Bahr El Jebel.

708 =Plectranthus stachyoides= Oliv.

Perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or oblong, up to 3 in. long, pubescent, crenate. Infl. a dense terminal racemose panicle, 6-8 in. long; whorls many-flowered; bracts ovate, pubescent, ¼ in. long: calyx 5-toothed, upper lobe ovate, reflexed, others deltoid, awned, ¼ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, lilac. St. 4, didynamous, free.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=P. ovatifolius= Oliv.

Erect perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a lax terminal racemose panicle; whorls few-flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper tooth ovate, mucronate, reflexed, decurrent, lateral teeth small, awned, lower large, awned; cor. ½ in. long, lilac.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=P. bongensis= Baker.

Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves oblong, 2-3 in. long, crenate. Infl. lax, in a cymose panicle, 6-9 in. long; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper ovate, reflexed, lateral oblong, lower awned; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir in Bongo-land).

=P. cylindraceus= Hochst.

Tall sappy herb, pubescent all over. Leaves oblong, crenate. Fl. in dense cylindrical racemes, 3-5 in. long, 1-3 to a stem; calyx minute, teeth subequal; cor. ⅛ in. long, white.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

709 =Coleus barbatus= Benth. KĀHAB, & KALIAH—Hadendowa.

Woody perennial, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long, crenate, hairy. Panicle racemose, ½-1 ft. long; whorls many- flowered; fruit-calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth suborbicular, 4 others acute; cor. bright blue, ½ in. long, tube deflexed in middle, limb 2-lipped, lower as long as tube; filaments of 4 st. united at the base in a tube as in all this genus.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Suakin).

=C. cf. C. igniarius= Schwfth.

Small woody shrub. Fl. appear before the leaves; cor. purple, scented.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat).

=C. latifolius= Hochst.

Herb with tuberous root, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 in. long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes dense, 4-6 in. long; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, lateral shorter, orbicular, 2 lower acute, connate to near tip; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. Penzigii= Dammann.

White-hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate; petiole winged. Racemes panicled, whorls 8-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral teeth smaller; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, lower lip lilac, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=C. Briquetii= Baker.

Tall herb. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, serrate. Racemes long, dense; whorls many-flowered; calyx minute in fl., enlarged in fruit, upper tooth ovate, decurrent, 2 lateral orbicular, 2 lowest acuminate, connate half-way up; cor. ⅓ longer.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

710 =Englerastrum Schweinfurthii= Briquet.

Erect hairy annual. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long, crenate. Racemes axillary, whorls 1-2 flowered; calyx ½ in. long, glandular-pubescent, teeth 5, ovate, subequal; cor. tube 1½ in., lower lip ab. 1 in., concave, upper small with 3 rounded lobes. St. 4, filaments united in lower half, exserted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).

711 =Æolanthus ambustus= Oliv.

Slender herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, ascending, linear, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes slender, erect; bracts ⅙ in., partly hiding the flowers; calyx minute, 2-lobed; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 4, free.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=Æ. virgatus= Gürke.

Much branched annual, 1½ ft. high. Leaves as above, up to 2 in. long. Bracts ¼ in. long, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).

=Æ. heliotropioides= Oliv.

Herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, oblong or lin.-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spikes panicled, upper ones one-sided, 1-2 in. long; bracts very small; calyx minute, truncate, pubescent; cor. lilac, ¼ in. long, lower lip orbicular, concave ab. same size as upper. St. exserted.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

712 =Pycnostachys Schweinfurthii= Briquet.

Erect branched perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, up to 4 in. long, sessile or subsessile, serrate. Spikes dense, 1½-2 in. long; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. pale blue, tube deflexed, upper lip 4-toothed, lower concave, ¼ in. long; st. 4, free.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu).

=P. Petherickii= Baker.

Perennial, stems 4-angled. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, upper half crenate, gland-dotted beneath. Spike dense, up to 4 in. long. Calyx tube short, teeth ¼ in. long, subulate; cor. blue, pubescent on outside.

White Nile.

=P. niamniamensis= Gürke.

Erect pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, serrate with scattered red glands. Spikes oblong; bracts linear, ⅓ in. long; calyx ½ in. long, tube short, teeth subulate.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).

713 =Hyptis brevipes= Poir.

Pubescent herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong-rhomboid, crenate, upper ones lanceolate. Fl. axillary, peduncled, in dense globose heads, ½ in. diam.; outer bracts lanceolate, as long as flowers; calyx ⅛ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. ⅛ in. long, lower lip deflexed, concave; st. 4, free.

Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=H. spicigera= Lam. KINDI—Bongo.

Tall pubescent annual, often found in stubble. Leaves petioled, oblong, crenate. Panicles dense racemose oblong, end racemes 2-4 in. long, whorls many-flowered; fr. calyx 1/5 in. long, teeth short; cor. whitish, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir cultivated).

The seeds are brayed to a pulp by the Zandes and used as an adjunct to stews and gravies. They are also roasted and eaten or an edible oil extracted from them. This oil, although not suitable for soap and candle making, might be useful for fatty varnishes in painting.

=H. pectinata= Poir.

Herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, crenate, pubescent. Panicles racemose; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, villous inside, teeth small, setaceous; cor. size of calyx.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

714 =Lavandula pubescens= Decne.

Hairy, scented perennial; stems 4-angled. Leaves broad, bipinnatifid, segments linear. Panicles spicate, whorls 2-flowered; bracts ovate, ⅛ in. long; calyx 13-nerved, as long as bracts, teeth small; cor. blue, small; st. 4, free.

Darfur Prov.

=L. coronopifolia= Poir. SADDĀM—Hadendowa.

Fragrant perennial, up to 18 in. high. Leaves sessile, narrowly linear with revolute edges, simple or pinnatipartite. Panicles spicate, 2-3 in. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate; calyx ⅙ in. long, pubescent, 13-nerved, teeth short; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin, Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob 3,500 ft. & J. Marra 8,200 ft.).

715 =Mentha sylvestris= Linn.

Strongly scented, densely pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate. Fl. in terminal whorled, racemose panicles 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, teeth lanceolate; cor. ⅙ in. long, lobes 4, uppermost broad and emarginate.

Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

716 =Micromeria biflora= Benth. HADEMBUI—Hadendowa.

Bushy pubescent perennial with a weak smell of thyme, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ab. ⅓ in. long, rigid. Cymes 2-6 flowered, subsessile, axillary; calyx ab. ⅙ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth 5, small; cor. shortly exserted, dilated at throat, 2-lipped; st. 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-9,500 ft.).

=M. abyssinica= Benth.

Bushy pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high, scented like thyme. Leaves ovate, crenate, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes whorled, whorls many-flowered, the lowest subtended by large leaves; calyx ¼ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth small; cor. tube ¼ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

717 =Salvia nudicaulis= Vahl. =var. nubica= Baker.

Perennial with rosette-like radical leaves; stem-leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, crenulate, densely pubescent beneath. Panicles laxly racemed, whorls of ab. 6 flowers; calyx hairy, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, lower bifid; cor. ½ in. long, upper lip arched, lower deflexed; st. 2, with 1 perfect anther cell; rudimentary st. 2.

Nubia.

=S. ægyptiaca= Linn. RA’AL—Arab.

Small heather-like undershr. Stems with setose reflexed hairs. Leaves deeply crisped-undulate, strongly reticulate. Calyx lobes very acute. Corolla ⅓ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Has Has & 21° N.L.).

718 =Nepeta biloba= Hochst. NABBALAM—Hadendowa.

Herb, 2-3 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, crenate, the upper sessile. Racemes long, lower whorls distant, subtended by large leaves; bracts many, linear, ¼ in. long; calyx ¼ in., teeth 5, ribs 15; cor. under ½ in., violet-blue, lower lip 3-lobed, central one largest; st. 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).

=N. ballotæfolia= Hochst.

Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, 1-1½ in. long, crenate, sessile. Racemes as above; bracts linear, large; calyx ¼ in.; cor. tube longer than calyx, lower lip ⅛ in. long, 3-lobed, central lobe largest.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,200-9,500 ft.).

719 =Scutellaria Schweinfurthii= Briquet.

Perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, subsessile, slightly hairy. Racemes long, lax, whorls 2-flowered; fr. calyx ¼ in., upper lip orbicular, reflexed, lower shorter; cor. ⅓ in., lips ⅙ in. long, lower deflexed. St. 4, upper pair 2-celled, lower 1-celled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, & Mittu at Ngame).

720 =Otostegia tomentosa= A. Rich

Pubescent shrub. Leaves subsessile, very small, thick, oblong, crenate, white-tomentose beneath. Fl. axillary, whorled, sessile, bracteate; calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed, ⅓ in. long, lower lip orbicular, upper small crenate; st. 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=O. repanda= Benth. BALUD & BASADEM—Hadendowa.

Pubescent shrub. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Fl. axillary, whorled; bracts subulate; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper lip small, ovate, lower orbicular, crenate, ⅓ in. broad; cor. white, longer than calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (21-22° N. Lat., Has Has & Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).

=O. scariosa= Benth.

Pubescent shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, up to 1 in. long, crenate. Fl. axillary, in distant whorls, bracts many subulate; flower as above.

Darfur Prov.

721 =Leucas nubica= Benth.

Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long, crenate. Whorls many, distant, many-flowered; bracts large, linear, ciliate; calyx tube ⅙ in. long, ribs and teeth 8-10, teeth linear-subulate; cor. tube ⅙ in. long, lips 2, small, lower 3-lobed; st. 4.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gombara).

=L. inflata= Benth.

Densely white-hairy, branched perennial. Leaves subsessile, suborbicular, crenate at tip, ½-1 in. long. Whorls numerous, 6-10 flowered, the upper approximate with reduced leaves; bracts minute; calyx campanulate, inflated ⅙ in. long, villous, teeth deltoid; cor. ⅓ in. long, upper lip villous at tip.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat. J. Waratab, Khor Tamanib & Sinkat).

=L. martinicensis= R. Br.

Branched annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches pubescent. Leaves thin, oblong, crenate, hairy up to 3 in. long. Whorls dense, distant, bracts large, subulate; calyx ⅙-¼ in. long, hairy, throat oblique, teeth unequal, subulate; cor. small, deciduous.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib & Has Has); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=L. neuflizeana= Courb.

Densely hairy herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, crenate, whorls 8-12 flowered, lower ones distant, upper close together; calyx ¼ in. long, throat oblique, ribs and teeth 8-10; cor. lip small.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=L. Schweinfurthii= Gürke.

White-hairy herb. Leaves sessile, oblong, ab. 1 in. long, loosely dentate in upper half. Whorls few-flowered, many, distant; calyx ⅓ in. long; throat oblique, teeth 8-10, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Baginse hills).

=L. urticæfolia= Benth. UM GALŌT—Arab.

Hairy annual, 6-24 in. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Whorls distant, globose, many-flowered, ¾ in. diam.; bracts large, linear, ciliate; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, oblique, teeth 8-10; cor. tube naked, lips small.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Central Sudan (Gezira).

722 =Leonitis pallida= Benth. KUSHU-KUSHU, FAKI BALADAWAYA (Meshra El Zeraf), ABUTIFA & UMDAREIWA (Baggara)—Arab; KOPTUNINDEIR (Dilling) & KANDINUWINDI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.

Tall, hairy herb. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate. Fl. in globose heads, 2-2½ in. diam., spaced along the stem; bracts lanceolate, spine-tipped; calyx tube ⅓ in. long, 8-10 ribbed and toothed, teeth spine-tipped, uppermost largest; cor. pale-yellow; st. 4.

Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Mattama); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling & J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu).

The ashes are said to be used for tumours on the head.

=L. nepetæfolia= R. Br.

Pubescent herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate. Fl. arranged as above; bracts large, linear, stiff; calyx ¼ in. long, larger in fruit, upper tooth largest, mucronate; cor. deep yellow, tube ½ in. and upper lip ½ in. long, the lower 3-lobed, deflexed.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=L. velutina= Fenzl. KUSHU-KUSHU—Arab.

Tall, finely hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, very hairy beneath. Heads (whorls) very dense, 3 in. diam.; bracts small, linear; calyx hairy, teeth deltoid, upper largest; cor. bright yellow, 1 in. long, upper lip up to ½ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); Æthiopia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid).

723 =Tinnea æthiopica= Kotschy & Peyr.

Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to 2 in. long. Whorls laxly disposed, 2-flowered; bracts oblong, green, as long as the flowers; calyx ⅓ in. enlarging to 1 in., bladder-shaped; cor. maroon, 2-lipped, upper short, orbicular, lower deflexed, 3-lobed, ⅙ in. long; st. 4; seeds winged.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Mvolo, Dar Fertit below Pongo River & Biselli, Niamniam-land).

724 =Teucrium nummularifolium= Baker. EIGAB—Hadendowa.

Woolly herb with obovate coarsely crenate leaves about ⅓ in. long. Calyx woolly pilose, the lobes more or less subulate. Corolla purple.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

725 =Ajuga bracteosa= Wall.

Hairy perennial. Leaves oblanceolate, coarsely dentate, sessile. Whorls axillary 2- or many-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. long, 10-ribbed, teeth 5, equal; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long, upper lip short, lower longer, 3-lobed, deflexed; st. 4, slightly exserted.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

=MONOCOTYLEDONS=

=ALISMATACEÆ.=

726 =Alisma Plantago= Linn.

Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical, long petioled, lanceolate, ovate or cordate, 3-7 nerved, 2-8 in. long. Fl. in verticillate panicles; scapes solitary or many, 1-2 ft. high; fl. ab. 8 to each verticil. Sep. 3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6; carpels 15-20, compressed, forming a ring round the axis of the fl., verrucose; style aristate.

Kordofan Prov. (Rahad).

727 =Caldenia reniformis= Makino.

Marsh herb. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-4 in. long, 7-15 nerved, marked with pellucid lines; pet. up to 20 in. long. Scape 20-40 in. high, panicled above; fl. 3 in each verticil. Sep. broad ovate, after flowering erect and sheathing the fruit; pet. white; carpels 9-12 scarcely compressed, smooth; style aristate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

728 =Limnophyton obtusifolium= Miq.

Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. long; blade sagittate; sinus broad; terminal lobe 2-7 in. long, nerves 7-11, radiating from apex of pet. and somewhat converging. Scapes 1 or more; fl. in verticils arranged in a panicle, 4-15 to a whorl, upper male, the lower hermaphrodite mixed with a few male. Sep. 3, reflexed after flowering; pet. 3, white; sta. 6, those of the male fl. larger; carpels 15-20 in 2-4 whorls; achenes obovoid in a globose head.

Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu Guma & J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Birkat Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei 3,100 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka to Gondokoro).

729 =Lophotocarpus guyanensis= Durand & Schinz.

Marsh herb. Leaves with milky juice, radical, floating, ovate-cordate, 2 in. long; pet. varying in length with depth of water. Scape bearing few- flowered whorls near the apex, lower hermaphr., upper hermaphr. and male. Sep. 3, distinct, sheathing in fr.; pet. 3, cuneate, fugacious; sta. 6-10 in male fl., 9-12 in others, anthers elongate, sagittate; carpels numerous; achenes compressed laterally, dense on a convex receptacle.

Kordofan Prov. (Taiara).

730 =Echinodorus humilis= Buchen.

Small marsh herb with a tuft of brown roots. Leaves radical; pet. slender, usually 1-1½ in. long; blade ovate or ovate-lanc., ab. 1 in. long, acute at both ends. Scapes shorter than leaves, 1-flowered. Sep. 3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6-9; achenes much compressed, many in a subglobose or ovoid head.

White Nile Prov. (banks of the River: Tawila, Kosti (Khors), Abba Island & near J. Nyemati).

731 =Burnatia enneandra= Micheli.

Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. 5-16 in. long; blade lin. to lanc., 5-8 in. long. Scape longer than leaves; infl. diœcious; panicles verticillately branched; male pan. 12-16 in. long, fem. 8-10. Male fl.: sep. 3; pet. 3, small: sta. 9; rudimentary carpels 12. Fem. fl.: sep. 3; pet. 0; sta. 0, or 1-2 imperfect; carpels ab. 12 crowded on small receptacle, compressed.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post), White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

732 =Wisneria Schweinfurthii= Hook. f.

Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. sheathing at base, 9 in. long; blade oblong or oblanc., up to 6 in. long. Scape as long as leaves, bracts united into truncate membranous campanulate sheaths; male fl. in upper part of scape, fem. below. Male fl.: sep. 3; sta. 3; fem. fl.: sep. 3; carpels 3-6 ovoid. Pet. 0.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=BUTOMACEÆ.=

733 =Butomopsis lanceolata= Kunth.

Marsh herb with milky juice. Leaves radical; pet. up to 10 in.; blade ovate, tapering into pet., up to 4 in. long. Scape longer than leaves, in umbellate ab. 6-flowered cyme; pedicels up to 4 in. long in fruit. Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 3; pet. 3, white, fugacious; sta. 9 or fewer; carpels usually six, follicled in fr.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kinein).

=APONOGETONACEÆ.=

734 =Aponogeton subconjugatus= Schumacher & Thonn.

Submerged water plant. Leaves long-stalked, elongate-oblong, often speckled brown, blade 5-12 in. long. Scape bearing a bifid spike which is ab. 1½ in. long; young flowers enclosed in a glove-finger-like sheath, separating from the base. Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 1-3; sta. 6; carpels 3-5, usually 4.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=A. vallisnerioides= Baker.

Submerged plant, densely tufted. Leaves sessile, strap-shaped, 3-4 in. long. Spikes simple, dense flowered, sheathed as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir & Dumuku).

=POTAMOGETONACEÆ.=

735 =Potamogeton Schweinfurthii= Arth. Bennett.

Submerged plant; stems ab. 2 ft. long, branched. Lower leaves lin.-lanc., acute, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved; middle leaves lanc., 11-nerved, ab. 3 in. long; upper leaves floating, lanceolate to lanc.-ovate, 10-13 nerved, 2-3 in. long; pet. 2-3½ in. long; stip. 1-2 in. long. Ped. axillary, 4-6 in. long, base enclosed in a membranous spathe; spike 1-2 in. long, dense. Per. segm. 4, green; anthers 4, sessile; carpels 4, 1-celled; fr. sharply 3-keeled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages, mouth of Bahr El Arab).

=P. javanicus= Hassk.

Submerged plant; stems slender, branched. Submerged leaves narrow-lin., 2-3 in. long; floating leaves lanceolate, ½ in. or more, long petioled; lower stip. connate, upper free. Ped. axillary; spikes ¼-¾ in. long. Fr. 2-keeled.

White Nile Prov. (Jebelein, Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Arab; Niamniam-land: River Rei, Gumango Hill).

=P. crispus= Linn.

Stem compressed, slender, branched. Leaves all one shape, semi- amplexicaul, obl. or obl.-strap-shaped, undulate, serrulate; stip. small. Ped. in forks of the stem, stoutish; spike large lax-flowered. Fr. obliquely ovoid with long curved beak.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (in White Nile); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov.

=P. pusillus= Linn.

Stem slender, branched. Leaves all similar, semi-amplexicaul, narrow- lin., acumin. or acute; stip. small, acute. Ped. slender; spike few- flowered, ¼-½ in. long. Fr. semi-oval or obovoid, bluntly 3-keeled.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: below Niurnya 5,500 ft.).

=P. lucens= Linn.

Stem stout, branched. Leaves all submerged, the lower lin.-lanc. to lanc., the lowest sessile, petioled above, the pet. gradually lengthening to ab. 1 in.; upper leaves lanc. to ovate; stip. long, beaked or winged. Ped. 2-9 in. long, stout; spikes ab. 2 in. long, dense. Fr. slightly acumin., slightly convex on ventral and semicircular on dorsal margin.

Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.).

=NAIADACEÆ.=

736 =Naias graminea= Del.

Submerged plant; stems up to 2 ft. long, slender, rooting at lower nodes. Leaves sometimes in clusters at the nodes, linear, closely serrate and with an auricled serrate sheath. Infl. monœcious, axillary, male and fem. side by side or fem. only, all without spathes. Male fl. solitary; per. ending above anther in ear-like lobes; anther 1, subsessile; fem. fl. 1-4, consisting of a single ovary, sessile, with 2 stigmas. Fr. lin.-obl.

White Nile Prov. (Um Kinein near J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).

=N. Schweinfurthii= Magnus.

Small water plant with spreading branches. Leaves thin, slender, with ab. 12 marginal teeth, ending in a brown spine; sheaths with short, obtuse auricles. Infl. monœcious; male spathe oblong; anther 1-celled. Fem. spathe oval-oblong, produced into a neck round the long style.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=N. horrida= A. Br.

Water plant; stems long, short branched; inter-nodes short. Leaves falcate with spinulose teeth; sheaths rounded, toothed; male flower only with spathe; anther 4-celled.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Jur River, etc.).

737 =Cymodocea rotundata= Aschers. & Schweinfth.

Submerged marine plant; rhizome thick, creeping; branches short, terminated by narrow-linear leaves with stipular sheaths, denticulate upwards, 9-13 nerved. Infl. monœcious, axillary. Male fl. long peduncled, longer than leaves; per. 0; anthers 2, connate, stipitate. Fem. fl. carpels 2, subovoid, strongly keeled, acute, dentate.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab).

=C. serrulata= Aschers. & Magnus.

Leaves almost straight, 4-6 in. long and up to ⅓ in. broad; tip entire or denticulate; nerves ab. 7 pairs; sheaths as broad as the blade.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab).

=C. ciliata= Ehrenb.

Stem 3-12 in. long, woody, branched, marked with annular scars. Leaves lin.-falcate, 3-6 in. long, ½-⅔ in. broad, tip rounded, ciliate- serrulate.

Red Sea Prov. (Abu Hamir near Dongonab).

=C. isoëtifolia= Aschers.

Stem short, filiform. Leaves terete, grooved, 3-5 in. long, slender; tip. 3-toothed. Fl. in dichotomous cymes.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin northwards).

=C. sp.=

Leaves broad-linear; stipular sheaths transparent, chartaceous.

Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).

=TYPHACEÆ.=

738 =Typha angustata= Bory & Chaub. BURDI & DIS—Arab.

Marsh or aquatic herb. Leaves alt., strap-shaped, ⅙-½ in. broad. Flowering stem erect, terminated by a dense, felt-like cylindrical spike, interrupted at or below the middle by a naked space, ¼-1 in. long, the upper spike being male and the lower female. Male fl.: sta. 3; filam. connate; fem. fl. mingled with bracteoles, clavate or spathulate much longer than surrounding hairs.

Nubia; Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

=T. angustifolia= Linn.

Marsh herb, 5-6 ft. high. Leaves linear, ⅓-⅓ in. broad. Male portion of spike longer than and ¼-1½ in. distant from fem. portion of spike. Male fl. with forked, acute, or entire spathulate bracteoles. Fem. fl. with orbicular-spathulate, obovate or obcordate bracteoles about as long as the surrounding hairs.

Red Sea Prov. (24 miles West of Suakin).

The fibrous leaves are used for matting, ropes, baskets and also for paper-making.

=T. australis= Schum. & Thonn.

Leaves linear or strap-shaped, ¼-½ in. broad. Male and fem. portions of spike subequal, contiguous to 1 in. distant. Male bracteoles variously shaped, entire or 2-3 forked. Fem. bracteoles as long as, or slightly longer than hairs and lanceolate-spathulate, sometimes fusiform-clavate, acute or acuminate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=ARACEÆ.=

739 =Pistia Stratiotes= Linn. EL TŪBBUR (Kordn.)—Arab; KOF—Nuer; PANGBADUPER—Zande. The Water-Lettuce.

Gregarious, floating, stemless, monœcious herb, with tufted root-fibres. Leaves sessile in a rosette forming a cup; nerves radiating from base. Spathe small with spadix adnate to back of its short tube. Male infl. a whorl of 2-8 connate anthers near top of spadix. Fem. fl. of a single ovary, apparently arising from back of the spathe.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile & affluents.

A decoction or infusion of this plant is considered as cooling and demulcent. The leaves are made into poultices for piles. The root is laxative and emollient. The ashes are applied to ring-worm of the scalp. The plant is eaten in time of famine.

740 =Sauromatum nubicum= Schott.

Herb with depressed globose rootstock; flowers and leaf not appearing together. Leaf solitary, pedatisect: pet. 12-18 in. long, glabrous; segments of blade 7, broadly lanc., acumin., middle segm. longest, ab. 9 in.; veins subparallel uniting into an intramarginal vein. Ped. 2-6 in. long; spathe tube ab. 2 in. long, blackish-purple within, limb 8-10 in. long, spotted; spadix 8-9 in. long, male and fem. spikes ab. 1½ in. apart; neuter organs placed just above fem. spike; terminal appendix of spadix 7-8 in. long, purple-brown.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

741 =Stylochiton near S. gabonicus= N.E. Br.

Herb with 1 oval, cordate leaf; flowers not seen.

Mongalla Prov. (Maleik).

=S. lancifolius= Kotschy & Peyr.

Herb; leaves appearing before the flowers, elliptic-oblong or lanc., 3-4 in. long, rounded at base; pet. 2½-4 in. long, appearing out of the ground. Ped. ½-¾ in. long; spathe ab. 2 in. long, tube underground; spadix 1½ in. long. Fem. fl. 5 in a single ring, furnished with an urceolate minute per.; male fl. distant on spadix from fem. fl.; appendix 0.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: River Dimbo, Abu Gurun’s Zariba, River Jur, Jur Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba; Bongo: Lessi River; Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).

742 =Amorphophallus Schweinfurthii= N.E. Br. GANDAH (White Nile)—Arab.

Herb with 1 long-stalked leaf divided into 3 main segments which are again much subdivided, of a diam. up to 2 ft., not appearing with flowers. Ped. 4-6 in. long; spathe dark purple; tube 2 in. long, pale in the throat; limb 4 in. long with a pointed, curved hood. Spadix shorter than spathe with a 2 in. long purple cylindric appendix; male and fem. fl. in denser rings covering 2 in. of spadix; per. 0.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Bahr El Jebel.

It is said to be eaten as a pot-herb when young.

=A. cf. A. Schweinfurthii= N.E. Br.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=A. maculatus= N.E. Br.

Tall herb with 1 palmati-tripartite leaf, with numerous subdivisions, 2½ ft. in diam.; pet. 2½ in. long, spotted olive green; ped. not produced with the leaf, 2 ft. long, spotted; spathe convolute below; tube 5 in. long, spotted grey, hairy inside; limb 8 in. long, ovate, red-veined. Spadix with fem. fl covering 2 in., male fl. 1 in.; appendix 16 in. long, cylindric, violet.

Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).

=A. sp.=

Much like above but leaf segments much narrower. Fl. not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

743 =Anchomanes dubius= Schott.

Herb with solitary pinnati-tripartite, much divided leaf, 2-3 ft. diam., appearing after the flowers, armed on pet. and nerves with prickles; pet. 3-5 ft. long, white spotted. Ped. up to ab. 3 ft. long, prickly, with 1 in. white spots; spathe 6-12 in. long, boat-shaped, convolute at base, pale purple. Spadix sessile, 4-8 in. long, without appendix; fem. part 1 in. long, purple, remainder male. Per. 0.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas).

744 =Colocasia Antiquorum= Schott. KOLOKASS—Arab; MANZI—Zande.

Tuberous rooted herb, with large stoutly petioled, peltate, ovate- cordate, sagittate leaves. Originally introduced from Asia.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

Cultivated for its tuber, but all parts are utilised after being well boiled to separate the acrid matter common to most aroids.

745 =Culcasia scandens= P. Beauv.

Slender climber. Leaves lanc. to elliptic, 3-7 in. long, gland-dotted; pet. 1-3 in. long, sheathing. Ped. 1-4 at ends of branches, up to 3 in. long; spathe ab. 1½ in. long, convolute, hooded. Spadix ab. 2 in. long; fem. part ½ in. long, male 1-1¼ in.; appendix 0; per. 0.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: River Mokloio near Dukuttu; Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s).

=HYDROCHARITACEÆ.=

746 =Hydrilla verticillata= Royle. =var. brevifolia= Casp.

Diœcious aquatic herb; stems elongate, branched. Leaves in verticils of 4 ovate or ovate-oblong, dentate, ab. ¼ in. long; lower leaves much shorter than internodes. Male spathe 1-flowered, axillary, solitary; perianth double of 3 segments each, outer ovate, inner linear; sta. 3. Fem. spathe tubular 2-dentate; per. segments 6, narrower than male; ovary exserted beyond the spathe, long-beaked; styles 3.

Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.).

747 =Lagarosiphon Schweinfurthii= Casp.

Aquatic herb. Leaves alt., lin.-lanceolate, ½ in. long, minutely toothed. Male spathes many-flowered; per. 2-seriate; sta. 3; staminodes often 2-3. Fem. spathe narrowly oblong, 1-flowered, with 1-3 teeth on either side; styles 3.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).

=L. cordofanus= Casp.

Leaves scattered, ½-1 in. long, linear. Male spathe sub-globose, 2-fid, 6-8 flowered. Fem. spathe axillary tubular, 2-fid.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

748 =Vallisneria spiralis= Linn.

Submerged aquatic herb with very short stem and strap-shaped leaves, 4-18 in. long, minutely-toothed. Male spathes axillary on 1-2 in. long stalks, many-flowered; fl. trimerous, detaching themselves when fertile (as also in foregoing genera) and floating to the surface to fertilise the fem. fl. Fem. spathe tubular on long stalk rising to the surface, but withdrawing itself into the mud by spiral contraction after fertilization; stigma 3-lobed, hairy above.

White Nile Prov. (12° 10′ L.N. & Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel.

=V. æthiopica= Fenzl.

Much like above, but leaves under 3 in. long.

White Nile Prov. (14° 30′ L.N. & J. Nyemati); Fung Prov.

749 =Ottelia alismoides= Pers.

Aquatic herb with very short stem. Leaves with long 3-angled pet., broadly cordate, 4-6 in. wide, 7-11 nerved Fl. hermaphr., solitary; ped. 6-12 in. long, at length spirally contracted; spathe 3-6 toothed and winged, adnate to ovary; outer per. segm. 3, oblong, ½ in. long, inner segm. 3 petaloid, white, 1 in. long; sta. 6-10; styles 6, bifid; ovary 6-celled.

White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Kordofan Prov.

=O. lancifolia= A. Rich.

Leaves radical, lanceolate, tapering into the pet., which is subamplexicaul at the base. Spathe bifid; inner per. lobes yellow.

White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Middle Gindi basin, 4,900 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

The seeds are pounded into meal by Nuers, and eaten.

=O. ulvæfolia= Buch.

Leaves attenuate at both ends, 7-nerved, 1½ in. broad. Spathe winged, obtusely 6-angled; inner per. lobes bright yellow, 1 in. long.

White Nile Prov. (Salati); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=O. near O. ulvæfolia= Buch.

Submerged leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, up to 1 ft. long. Spathes 1¾ in. long, smooth. Flowers yellow.

White Nile Prov. (Tawila).

750 =Boottia scabra= Benth. & Hook. f.

Leaves submerged, thin, oblanceolate, 1½-2 ft. long, 2½ in. wide; petiole 1 ft. long, expanded at the base into an amplexicaul base. Spathe 3½ in. long, unisexual, rugose, toothed. Petals yellow or cream coloured.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=B. abyssinica= Ridl.

As above, but spathe smooth, and only 2 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River); Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu Khor, Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

751 =Thalassia Hemprichii= Ehrb.

Submerged marine plant. Leaves fascicled at intervals, linear, 6 in. long. Infl. diœcious; male spathes solitary, 2-leaved; per. 3-lobed; sta. 6. Fem. fl. at length stalked; ovary long-beaked. Fruit globose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Arakea).

752 =Halophila ovata= Gaud.

Submerged marine herb, just above low-water mark. Leaves 2 from each node, ovate, 1 in. long; pet. 1 in. long. Male fl. solitary; per. 3-lobed; sta. 3. Fem. fl. sessile in the spathe; per. segm. 3, minute; styles 3; ovary beaked.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

=H. stipulacea= Aschers.

Leaves linear, 2 in. long; pet. ¼ in. Much as above.

Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).

=LEMNACEÆ.=

753 =Lemna polyrhiza= Linn.

Duckweed, the floating front bearing several roots.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek).

It has been suggested that this plant might be utilised in anti-mosquito work, as pools covered with it never contain larvae of the Culicidae.

=L. paucicostata= Hegelmeier.

The floating frond nearly ⅓ in. long, bearing 1 root.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati); Kordofan Prov. (Fula Habsha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Abwo stream 8,200 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel.

=L. æquinoctialis= Welw.

Floating frond minute with a keel above, bearing 1 root.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill & Nganye near the River Ibba).

754 =Wolffia Delilii= Schleid.

Duckweed; frond minute, rootless.

Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District: J. Barkin).

=LILIACEÆ.=

755 =Smilax kraussiana= Meisn.

Climbing shrub with prickly stem. Leaves oblong or orbicular, 5-6 in. long with 3 basal nerves and 2 stipular tendrils from base of petiole. Infl. diœcious in short-peduncled, many-flowered axillary umbels. Per. segm. 6; male fl.: sta. 6; filam. short; fem. fl.: staminodes 6 or fewer; ovary 3-celled, superior as in all this Order. Berry size of a pea.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Buddu); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

756 =Asparagus Pauli-Guilelmi= Solms. DALADE & DILEH—Golo.

Erect undershr., 4-5 ft. high. Leaves minute, scale-like, with a hooked prickle at the bases, bearing in their axils 1-5 narrow, linear pointed leaf-like branchlets (cladodes), ¼ in. long. Fl. axillary solitary or paired; per. white, minute, 6-partite; sta. 6; style short, stigmas 3; berry size of a pea.

Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Agari); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur River & Wau, Dinka country, Ghabat El Arab, Rek District); Bahr El Jebel.

=A. Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Prickly shrub. Cladodes in fascicles of 3-6, ¾-1¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary pairs.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the River Gendua).

=A. asiaticus= Linn.

Prickly climbing shrub. Cladodes 6-15 in a cluster, ½ in. long, stout. Fl. several in axillary clusters.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).

=A. africanus= Lam. DAHUAB—Hadendowa; UM MUSHBUT & MESHEIT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GAGALI—Bari; BUT—Dinka; TIANKA—Burun.

Tall, prickly shrub. Cladodes densely fascicled, stout, ½-1 in. long. Fl. umbellate from sides and tips of branchlets.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbeis); Darfur Prov. (J. Murra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to mouth of Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.

=A. racemosus= Willd. DAYOK (Fung) & BEKHEISET—Arab; CHII—Golo; BARAKURI—Zande.

Rambling and scandent, prickly undershr. Cladodes 2-6 in a cluster, ½-¾ in. long. Racemes solitary or fascicled, 1-2 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan, Suakin: 19° 30′ N.L.); Fung Prov. Sherif; Kordofan Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

The fruit is eaten by the Golos. The root is used as a demulcent, diuretic, anti-dysenteric, etc., also as a demulcent in veterinary medicine.

757 =Sanseviera Ehrenbergii= Schweinfth. TUMBAT—Hadendowa.

Perennial, somewhat aloe-like herb. Leaves 12-15 distichous, basal, thick, striated, up to 5-6 ft. long. Infl. a panicle, 5-6 ft. long, with peduncle; per. tubular with 6 linear lobes, white tinged with red, ½-¾ in. long, lobes longer than tube; sta. 6, as long as the lobes, anthers versatile; style filiform.

Nubia (between Atbara & the Red Sea); Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Wadi Qossir near Suakin).

=S. nilotica= Baker.

Leaves 3 ft. long, flat, mottled, 1½ in. broad. Raceme lax, bearing clusters of 3-9 white, tinged with green, flowers; per. ¾-1 in. long, lobes longer than tube.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).

=S. abyssinica= N.E. Brown. BASSAL EL WADI (Kassala), ZA’AF EL FIL, Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf), UM KUSM (Kordofan), KHAZAN (Baggara)—Arab; RRUK (J. Daier), GILLIA (J. El Amira), NALIAK (J. Eliri)—Nuba; TOI or TOIRO—Jur; TAR—Dinka (Bahr El Ghazal); BARANGA—Zande.

Leaves 2 ft. long or more, lanceolate, acute, rugose. Raceme up to 2½ ft. long; clusters 4-5 flowered. Flowers not described.

Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Zeriba Agad, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.

Used as a source of fibre, in Bongo-land the women make kilts of the fibre which resemble horse tails.

758 =Aloe Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Fleshy plant. Leaves rosulate, ensiform, 18 in. long, 2 in. broad at base, margined with deltoid spines. Peduncle stout, compressed, branched, 2 ft. long, bearing racemes 6-9 in. long; per. pale-red, up to 1 in. long; tube short; segm. 6; sta. 6. Fr. oblong, 3-angled, 3-valved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=A. commutata= Todaro.

Acaulescent. Leaves rosulate, oblong, lanceolate, 10-12 in. long, spotted white; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2-3 ft. long; racemes 3-6 in. long; per. bright-red, 1½ in. long, constricted above the ovary.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000 ft.).

=A. abyssinica= Lam. KALANDO—Hadendowa.

Stem short. Leaves rosulate ensiform, 2 ft. long, spotted when young; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2 ft. long; racemes dense, 3-4 in. long; per. yellow, 1 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Wadi Sarrawib, Erkowit, J. Sihaba).

=A. crassipes= Baker.

Leaves ensiform, 1 ft. long and under 1 in. broad; teeth large, rather hooked. Ped. stout, 18 in. long; raceme 6 in. long with 2 short branches at base; per. 1¼ in. long, constricted above the ovary.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Kishi).

=A. sp.= NARURA (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Leaves 1 ft. long, gradually tapered upwards, repand-dentate, about 2 in. broad near the base. Fruiting panicle about 1 ft. long. Fruits ellipsoid, 1 in. long.

Nuba Mts. Prov, (J. Eliri to El Amira).

759 =Dracæna Ombet= Kotschy & Peyr. BATT—Hadendowa.

Many times branched, palm-like tree, 8 ft. or over, bearing dense clusters of ensiform leaves, 2 ft. long at ends of branches. Infl. panicled, 1 ft. or more long; fl. white, ¼ in. long; per. segm. 6; sta. 6; fr. a 3-celled berry.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Ashat, Anguab mountain, west of Suakin).

=D. elliptica= Thunb. & Dalm.

Shrub with much-branched, slender woody stems. Leaves oblong, 5-6 in. long; pet. short, channelled. Infl. panicled; per. whitish, ½ in. long; segm. 6; sta. 6; berry 3-lobed, 3-seeded.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagiko).

760 =Asphodelus fistulosus= Linn. =var. tenuifolius= Baker.

Herb with rosette of radical, hollow, pointed leaves, 6-9 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; infl. panicled; racemes lax, pedicels jointed at middle; per. white, ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, keeled with brown, spreading from a short tube; sta. 6; anthers versatile; fr. globose, ⅛ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Abu Hashim).

The seeds are officinal and are said to be diuretic.

761 =Bulbine asphodeloides= Roem. & Schult.

Tuberous acaulescent herb. Leaves 10-20 in dense basal rosette, 6-18 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; raceme 3-6 in. long; pedicels solitary, jointed at top; per. bright yellow, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, divided to base; sta. 6; filam. densely bearded; anthers versatile; caps. 3-angled, ⅓ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

762 =Eriospermum abyssinicum= Baker.

Tuberous herb. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, appearing after flowers. Ped. wiry, 3-6 in. long; racemes lax, 6-8 in. long; pedicels jointed at apex; per. segm. 6, separate, white, keeled brown, ¼ in. long; sta. 6, unequal, shorter than per.; caps. ¼ in. long with 3 obovate, reflexing valves.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Zariba Kutshok Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Doka’s).

763 =Acrospira sp.?=

Anthers basi-fixed, twisting up spirally.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).

764 =Anthericum monophyllum= Baker.

Herb with tuber crowned with bristles; stem slender, angled, ½ in. long. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, with a clasping base from the middle, enclosed by a sheath. Raceme simple 1-3 in. long; pedicels solitary, ¼ in. long, jointed at the middle; per. ½ in. long, white; segm. 6, free, as all in this genus, with a brown, 3-nerved keel; sta. 6; anthers basifixed, as all in the genus, as long as filam.; caps. 3-angled, shallowly lobed, also as others in this genus; seeds angular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=A. triphyllum= Baker.

Rootstock tuberous; fibres wiry. Leaves ab. 3, with long sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long and ab. ½ in. broad, with raised veins and thickened margins. Ped. slender, pubescent, grooved, 6-8 in. long; raceme 3-4 in. long; pedicels short, articulated, lower geminate; bracts lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. separate, white with 3 brown ribs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the River Jur).

=A. cf. A. triphyllum= Baker.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=A. superpositum= Baker.

Rootstock and root-leaves not known. Ped. 24-30 in. long, bearing 3-4 sessile, oblong leaves 3-6 in. long. Racemes 1-3, lax, 2-3 in. long; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. ⅙ in. long; segm. linear, white, with a green keel; sta. nearly as long as per., anthers small; caps. ⅙ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba).

=A. triflorum= Ait. BERĪD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Rootstock fibrous, not tuberous; neck crowned by a dense ring of bristles. Leaves linear, 1 ft. or more long. Ped. 12-18 in. long, angled; raceme dense, 3-6 in. long; pedicels 1-4-nate, jointed in middle; per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lanceolate, 5-7 nerved, white with red-brown keel; sta. ¼ in. long; filam. scabrous. Caps. oblong.

Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Lessi River); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla).

Said to be poisonous to cattle.

=A. near A. usseramense= Baker.

Leaves several, basal, ensiform. Ped. long, flattened; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower geminate; racemes panicled; per. greenish- white, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

765 =Chlorophytum macrophyllum= Aschers.

Herb, not tuberous; root fibres long. Leaves 4-5 to a stem; blade membranous, lanceolate, 12-18 in. long, narrowed at both ends; pet. 6-12 in. long, channelled. Ped. 6-12 in. long; raceme simple or branched at base, 6-8 in. long; pedicels articulated, ab. ⅓ in. long, the lower fascicled; lower bracts ab. 1 in. long. Per. white, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, free, with a 3-5 nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per., filam. and anthers ⅛ in. long resp.; caps. ⅓ in. long and as others in this genus deeply 3-lobed and seeds flat.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=C. blepharophyllum= Schweinfth.

Root crowned with dense bristles. Leaves ab. 4 sheathing base of stem, lowest small, others oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long. Ped. slender, shorter than leaves; rac. dense, 2-3 in. long, simple or forked at base; pedicels short, articulated, lowest 2-3-nate. Per. dark-green, ⅓ in. long; segm. linear with 5-nerved keel. Caps. deeply emarginate, ⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=C. pusillum= Schweinfth.

Tuberous herb. Leaves ab. 4, basal, oblong, 4-5 in. long, sessile, crisped at margin. Rac. dense, simple, 1-2 in. long, sessile in centre of rosette of leaves; pedicels short, articulated, clustered. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with a greenish-brown keel. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

=C. Schweinfurthii= Baker.

Leaves 5-6 to a stem, oblong-lanceolate, not distinctly petiolate, 12-15 in. long, 2 in. broad. Ped. 2-3 in. long; rac. 2-3 in. long, dense, simple or branched at base; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ¼ in. long, greenish. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ¼ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. gallabatense= Schweinfth.

Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 6-8 to a stem, thin, lanceolate, narrowly clasping, 12-18 in. long. Ped. slender, 1 ft. long; rac. many, ascending, the end one 6-9 in. long; pedic. short, articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. dull greenish-white, ⅙ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. ciliatum= Baker.

Neck of rootstock crowned with a ring of bristles. Leaves 3-4, with sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long, ciliated on margin. Ped. slender, up to as long as leaves; racemes usually simple, dense upwards, ab. 3 in. long, lower 3-4-nate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali).

=C. tenuifolium= Baker.

Leaves 5-6 to a stem, linear, 12-18 long, ⅓-½ in. broad, narrowed to base. Ped. long, slender; rac. lax, cylindric, up to 6-9 in. long; pedicels solitary ab. ⅓ in. long, articulated below the middle. Per. ⅓ in. long, segm. linear, white with a green keel; anthers small; caps. subglobose, emarginate, ⅓ in. long.

Mongalla Prov.

=C. andongense= Baker.

Tall herb. Leaves up to 2 ft. long, oblanceolate. Ped. up to 3 ft. long, bearing a lax panicle of many ascending racemes 1-2 ft. long; pedicels articulated at middle, lower 5-6-nate, finally 1 in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long, brownish-green or white with 3-nerved green keel. Caps. oblong, ⅓-½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov.: Bor).

=C. longifolium= Schweinfth.

Rootstock horizontal, crowned with bristles. Leaves ab. 6 to a stem, firm, linear, 12-18 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, ciliate on margin. Ped. 12-18 in. long; rac. simple, 3-5 in. long, dense; pedicels very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per ⅓ in. long, segm. lanceolate; anthers small. Caps. deeply emarginate ¼-⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=C. micranthum= Baker.

Neck of root crowned with a dense ring of fibres. Produced leaves firm, linear, 4-6 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Ped. slender, as long as leaves; rac. lax, simple or forked, at length 6-8 in. long; pedicels very short, artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate. Per. greenish-white, ⅛ in. long; segm. linear laxly 3-nerved; anthers minute. Caps. ⅙ in diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).

=C. tuberosum= Baker. SHANDAHA or SHANDAHAT & ASLANGA—Arab.

Root fibres bearing tubers at end; rootstock crowned with a dense ring of bristles. Leaves 6-10, firm, lanceolate, base sheathing the stem, 3-12 in. long, ciliated at margin. Rac. 5-6 in. long, including ped., often forked near the base; fl. fairly dense on rachis, white; pedic. short, artic. below middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ½ in. and more long; segm. oblong, obscurely 7-nerved; filam. ⅙-¼ in. long; anthers ab. same length, linear, curling after dehiscence. Caps. obovoid, ⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz & Dinder River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (southwards from Hillet Abbas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

Edible.

=C. polystachyum= Baker.

Neck of rootstock crowned with a few bristles. Produced leaves ab. 6 to a stem, linear, ab. 1 ft. long, ¼-⅓ in. broad. Ped. as long as leaves; rac. several, panicled, lax, the lower forked; pedic. ⅙-¼ in. long, artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. campanulate, ⅛ in. long; segm. green with white margin; anthers minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. breviscapum= Dalz.

Rootstock erect, not bristly. Leaves linear-lanceolate, up to 9 in. long and 1¼ in. broad. Racemes longer than the leaves; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about ½ in. long, ciliolate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

=C. Tinneæ= Baker.

Root leaves not known. Ped. very slender 6-12 in. long, bearing several linear reduced leaves. Rac. very lax 6 in. long; pedic. very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per. 1/5 in. long; segm. oblong with 3-nerved keel; sta. rather shorter than per.; anthers linear, twice as long as filam.; ovules 12 in a cell.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).

=C. spp.=

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s, & Kagulu).

766 =Dasystachys aurea= Baker.

Herb; leaves 5-6 to a stem, erect, glabrous, linear, 24-30 in. long, 1 in. broad at middle, base sheathing, margins obscurely ciliated. Ped. erect, 3 ft. long, bearing a few reduced leaves, pubescent. Raceme subspicate, 6-12 in. long; lower bracts large, lanceolate; fl. at first clothed with golden pubescence. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, white with red-brown keel; sta. 6, as long as per.; anthers longer than filam.; style much exserted. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds flat.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Niamniam-land: Hu River).

767 =Allium (Molium) spathaceum= Steud.

Herb; bulb globose 3 in. diam. Leaves 1-2, linear, thin, up to 9 in. long. Ped. 4-9 in. long; umbel of 10-15 fl.; spathe of 1 short ovate valve; pedic. ½-¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with distinct brown keel; sta. 6.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=A. ascalonicum= Linn.

Herb; bulb ovoid, ¾ in. diam. Leaves few, linear, up to 1 ft. long and ¼ in. broad. Peduncle longer than the leaves, stout; pedicels slender, crowded, about ⅓ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white.

Kordofan Prov. (Bara).

=A. alibile= A. Rich.

Bulb globose, ab. 1 in. diam. Leaves not known. Ped. 18 in. long; umbel many-flowered; pedic. short; spathe short, many-valved. Per. campanulate, pale rose, segm. ovate-obl., acute; filam. of 3 inner sta. tri-cuspidate, 3 outer lanceolate.

Sudan?

768 =Dipcadi unifolium= Baker.

Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaf 1, linear, 6-7 in. long, base long sheathing. Ped. ab. 5 in. long; rac. laxly 3-6 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. green as others in this genus; tube ⅙ in. long; inner segm. flat, ⅙ in. long, outer caudate, 1/5 in. long; anthers subsessile.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).

=D. fesoghlense= Baker.

Leaves 2, 6-8 in. long, very narrow. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. laxly many- flowered; pedic. very short. Per. ½ in. long, tube and inner segm. ¼ in., outer segm. caudate, just longer.

Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post).

=D. filifolium= Baker.

Bulb ab. ½ in. diam. Leaves 2, subterete, 1 ft. long. Ped. 1 ft. or more; rac. lax 3-10 flowered; pedic. short. Per. fulvous green; tube and inner segm. ⅙ in., outer up to ⅓ in. long.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=D. tacazzeanum= Baker.

Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2-3, linear, flat, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 6-9 in. long; rac. 6-12 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. tube and inner segm. ¼ in. long respectively, outer segm. ⅓ in., subulate-falcate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=D. lanceolatum= Baker.

Leaves 4-5, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 8-18 in. long; rac. very lax, ½-1 ft. long; pedic. very short. Per. tube ab. 1/5 in. long; inner segm. a little longer, outer complicate, ab. ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).

769 =Drimia laxiflora= Baker.

Bulb and leaves not known. Ped. slender, 15-18 in. long; rac. very lax, 6-8 in. long; lower pedic. up to ½ in. long. Per. gamophyllous, ab. ⅓ in. long, greenish-brown; tube campanulate; segm. oblong twice as long as tube; style slightly exserted. Caps. deeply lobed; seeds flat.

White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).

770 =Albuca tayloriana= Rendle.

Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves radical, narrow-linear. Ped. ab. 2 ft. long; rac. 4-5 in. long, laxly 10-12 fld., cylindrical; lower pedic. ⅓ in. long. Per. segm. free, ½ in. long, outer spreading, oblong greenish- white, with a broad, purple, 7-nerved keel, inner segm. connivent, hooded; sta. 6, filam. subulate; style subulate, more than twice length of ovary. Caps. 3-valved; seeds flat, black.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Gemeiza).

=A. Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves linear, 24-30 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Ped. longer than leaves; rac. 1 ft. or more, 20-30 fld.; pedic. short; lower bracts up to 1½ in. long. Per. nearly 1 in. long; segm. linear-obl., pale yellow with a broad red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam: at the River Buddu, near Abu Samat’s Zariba).

=A. purpurascens= Engl.

Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear 12-18 in. long. Ped. slightly longer; rac. 6-8 in. long, 10-15 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl.; lower bracts ab. ½ in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lin.-obl., with a broad purplish keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Jur River; Mittu; Kuragerra & Dimindu).

=A. Steudneri= Schweinfth.

Bulb over 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-10 in. long, ⅓-½ in. broad below. Ped. 1 ft. or more long; rac. lax, 8-10 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl. Per. over ½ in. long; segm. linear, with a broad green keel. Caps. oblong, ½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

771 =Urginea micrantha= Solms. ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.

Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after the flowers. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; raceme 12-18 in., moderately dense; pedic. rigid, jointed at apex, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, segm. 6, free, white with 1-nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per.; anthers versatile, small. Caps. globose, acutely angled, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post, etc., etc.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,800 ft.); South of 13° N.L.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Abu Gurun’s Zariba; Mittu at Reggo; Dar Fertit; Deim Zubeir & near Chak-Chak).

The starch contained in the bulbs is used by the Hadendowas to stiffen their hair.

=U. indica= Kunth.

Bulb and leaves much as above. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; rac. 6-12 in., very lax; pedic. ascending, lower 1-2 in. long. Per. ⅓-½ in. long; segm. whitish, keel brownish-green, 2-3 nerved. Caps. oblong, ½-¾ in. long.

Fung Prov. (J. Moya & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek).

The bruised bulbs are applied as a poultice for rheumatic pains or contusions.

=U. Petitiana= Solms.

Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after fl. Ped. up to 2 ft. long; raceme 6 in., dense above; pedic. very short; bracts linear, ¼-⅓ in. long. Per. 1/5 in. long, segm. white; keel 2-3 nerved, greenish- brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Mongalla).

=U. nigritana= Baker.

Bulb moderately large. Leaves linear, channelled, 12-18 in. long. Ped. 18-24 in. long; rac. up to 18 in., lax; upper pedic. short, lower up to 1½ in.; bracts up to ¾ in. long. Per. ab. ¾ in. long, segm. whitish with a broad 5-nerved red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ½-¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Dimindu; Niamniam-land: River Buddu).

772 =Scilla spicata= Baker.

Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2, lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Ped. 4-6 in. long; spike 1-2 in., dense. Per. campanulate, bright purple; segm. 6, 1-nerved, minute; sta. 6, short; anthers versatile. Caps. 3-valved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).

=S. edulis= Engl. MAKPĀRA—Bongo.

Bulb over ½ in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, up to 3 in. long. Ped. slender, 2-3 in. long; raceme up to 2 in. long, fairly dense; pedic. short; per. mauve-purple, ⅛ in. long; sta. ab as long, filam. mauve- purple.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. indica= Baker.

Bulb up to 2 in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate, 6 in. long, sheathing. Ped. ab. 6 in. long; rac. 3-4 in. lax; ped. ¼-⅓ in. longer, lower drooping. Per. campanulate, greenish-purple, ⅛ in. long; filam. purple.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=S. Schweinfurthii= Engl.

Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves 3-6, linear, 2-3 in. long. Ped. 2-3 in. long; raceme ab. 1½ in. lax, lower fl. drooping; centr. pedic. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅙ in. long; filam. pale.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=S. mæsta= Baker.

Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate with a few purple spots, 4-6 in. long. Ped. 2-3 to a bulb, ab. 4 in. long; rac. 1-2 in. dense, lower ped. drooping, ⅓ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. modesta= Baker.

Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 2, obl. or lanc., 2-6 in. long. Ped. 2-6 in. long; rac. 2-3 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; filam. pale.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau).

=S. chlorantha= Baker.

Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves 3, obl. or obl.-lanc., 6 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, sheathing at base. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., moderately dense; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; filam. green.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=S. lilacina= Baker. BASSAL EL KELB, KILGA & BERID (Blue Nile)—Arab.

Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaves 6-8, obl.-lanc., thin, 3-4 in. long, ab. 1 in. broad. Ped. 4-6 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. tubular-campanulate, ¼ in. long, pale purple; filam. bright mauve- purple.

Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Kordofan Prov.

=S. cf. S. lanceæfolia= Baker.

Leaves obl. or obl.-lanc., spotted dark green. Rac. 2-3 in. long; pedic. longer than fl. Per. campanulate, purplish, ab. ¼ in. long; filam. purple.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

773 =Ornithogalum Eckloni= Schlecht.

Bulb 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, 1-2 ft. long, ab. ¾ in. broad near base. Ped. fairly stout 18-24 in. long; rac. 3-4 in., rather dense; pedic. short, ascending. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. free, obl., white with green keel; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; filam. linear; anthers versatile. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

774 =Gloriosa virescens= Lindl. HABALEKO—Rashida.

Sarmentose herb climbing by means of prehensile leaf-tips. Leaves usually obl. or obl.-lanc., with tendril-like tips, 5-6 in. long, the lower verticillate or opp. Infl. a lax terminal corymb; pedic. long, nodding at tip. Per. ab. 2 in. long; segm. free, lanceolate-cuspidate, slightly or not crisped, usually bright red, ultimately strongly reflexed; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; style over 1 in. long, 3-forked above. Caps. ab. 2 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau; Shambe); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla & Lado. Asugi).

Probably has medicinal properties; the tuber is poisonous.

=G. virescens= Lindl. =var. grandiflora= Baker.

Fl. larger; per. segm. 3-4 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka).

=PONTEDERIACEÆ.=

775 =Eichornia natans= Solms.

Aquatic herb; stems floating or creeping in the mud. Submerged leaves sessile, linear, 2-4 in. long; floating leaves petiolate, ½-1 in. long, ½-1 in. broad ovate or orbicular, cordate; produced sheath of petiole (so-called stipule) up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. apparently issuing from below middle of pet. of floating leaves. Perianth inferior; segm. 5, united below, blue, ¼ in. diam.; sta. 6; ovary 3-celled; style shortly 3-6 lobed. Caps. spindle-shaped, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: between Gir & Addai; Ghazal R.).

776 =Heteranthera kotschyana= Fenzl.

Aquatic herb; stem creeping in the mud. Leaves 1-3 in. long ovate, cordate; pet. 2-8 in. long, whose sheath embraces the membranous spathe out of which issues the 2-4 in. long spike. Per. segm. 6; sta. 3. Caps. ½-¾ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (between Melbes & El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).

777 =Monochoria africana= N.E. Br.

Aquatic herb. Leaves radical, 3-4 in. long, ovate, acuminate, slightly cordate; pet. long. Flowering stems 11-14 in. long with a leaf or tubular leaf-sheath at their summit enclosing a filiform-pointed spathe 1 in. long. Raceme 2-4 in. long, emerging from the spathe. Per. segm. 6, free, blue or violet; sta. 6, unequal, the filam. of largest toothed; stigma of 3 bifid lobes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=TACCACEÆ.=

778 =Tacca pinnatifida= Forst.

Rootstock tuberous, up to 1 ft. diam. Leaves radical, long-petioled (1-3 ft. long), large, dividing into 3 forked branches; final segments ovate or lanceolate. Fl. many in an umbel; ped. 1-3 ft. long; bracts 4-6 in a whorl; per. superior; segm. 6, all small, greenish-brown; sta. 6, filam. hooded, purple; stigma peltate; lobes 3, bifid; berry 1 in. long, subglobose.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gigging, Yei River).

The tuber yields starch, which is said to be similar to arrow-root, but of poor quality. It is not cultivated, but is gathered wild and eaten.

=DIOSCOREACEÆ.=

779 =Dioscorea (Helmia) sativa= Linn. MAYDOK or NYTI, also MERE (aerial tuber) & BARANDOKA (undergr. tuber)—Zande. The Yam.

Herbaceous twiner with edible tuber. Leaves alt., ovate or orbicular, cuspidate, cordate, 1 ft. long, 7-9 nerved, often with bulbils in the axils. Infl. diœcious, spicate, the male spikes fascicled at leafless nodes. Male fl. minute; per. segm. 6; sta. 6. Fem. fl. also minute; per. segm. 6; styles 3. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds broadly winged at base.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).

The plant is cultivated throughout Tropical Africa for food, and flour being made from the dried tubers.

=D. sagittifolia= Pax.

Twining herb with tuberous root. Leaves triangular-sagittate, 4-5 in. long, 5-nerved. Male spikes geminate. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Okale).

Tuber probably edible.

=D. alata= Linn.

Twiner with 4-winged stem; tuber large, edible. Leaves usually opp., ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 6-9 in. long. Caps. glabrous, 1¼ in. diam., 3-winged; seeds orbicular, winged all round.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Cultivated, see above D. sativa L.

=D. abyssinica= Hochst.

Twiner; stem terete. Leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 3-4 in. long. Caps. orbicular, deeply-lobed, 1¼ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=D. schimperiana= Hochst.

Leaves as above, but 5-nerved and rather larger and hairy. Infl. pubescent. Caps. with 3 orbicular lobes, 1 in. long and 1½ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).

=D. (Helmia) dumetorum= Pax.

Twiner, often prickly. Leaves 3-fol., pubescent beneath; end leaflet obovate, cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, side leaflets oblique. Male fl. in short axillary panicles; fem. fl. laxly racemed. Caps. 3-angled, 2 in. long; seeds 1 in. long, with large basal wing.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Yambi Khor).

Poisonous, but can be rendered edible by pounding and washing.

=D. phaseoloides= Pax.

Unarmed twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; end leaflet oblong, 2½ in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes; fem. fl. and fr. unknown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill).

=D. (Helmia) beccariana= Martelli f.

Unarmed twiner. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets obovate or oblong 3-4 in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes. Fem. fl. in long lax spikes. Caps. oblong, acutely 3-angled, ¾ in. long; seeds with long oblong basal wing.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=COMMELINACEÆ.=

780 =Palisota Schweinfurthii= C. B. Ce.

Herb 3-7 ft. long; young parts shaggy with fulvous or greyish hairs. Leaves whorled up to 26 by 8 in., elliptic, densely hairy on the margin. Flowers in a dense cylindric panicle, very numerous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo R. & Nabambisso R.).

781 =Commelina nudiflora= Linn. BE-EID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Marsh herb; stems decumbent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves alt., 1-3 in. long, lanceolate; sheaths 1-2 in. long. Infl. of 2 racemes enclosed in a folded ovate-lanceolate, ½-2 in. long spathe; fl. 1-3 in the lower and 3-8 in upper rac.; sep. 3; pet. 3, 2 with long claws, blue; sta. 2-3 perfect, 2-3 sterile; seeds 5, reticulated.

White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft. & J. Marra 4-5,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd from southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

It is said to be medicinal and to be eaten by cattle.

=C. subulata= Roth.

Weak herb 6-15 in. long. Leaves 2 in. long, linear. Spathes nearly sessile, ½ in. long ovate. Fl. blue, hardly exserted from spathe; seeds 5, pitted and wrinkled.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).

=C. benghalensis= Linn. BAYAD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic 1-3½ in. long; spathes subsessile, funnel-shaped by lower margins being connate ⅓ in., ½-⅔ in. long, crowded near tips of branches; seeds 5, rough or wrinkled.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, near Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

The fleshy rhizomes sometimes contain much starch and are wholesome food when cooked.

=C. Forskalæi= Vahl. DUEID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; NIOK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Pubescent branched herb, 8-24 in. long. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spathes ½-⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped on ped. up to ⅓ in. long. Pet. blue; seeds 1-3, smooth.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Erkowit, Suakin, Sea-coast to between 3,000-4,000 ft.); Kassala Prov. Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari, J. Kurbaj, El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

=C. africana= Linn.

Glabrous trailing herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to 3 in., oblong subsessile. Spathes 1-2 in. long, folded, ovate on ped. up to ⅔ in. long. Pet. yellow; seeds reticulated.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Makporru Hill).

=C. involucrosa= A. Rich.

Large herb. Leaves 1½-5 in. long, lanceolate, pubescent. Spathes 2½ in. long, simply folded; ped. 1 in. long. Fl. probably yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).

=C. krebsiana= Kunth.

Leaves hairy on both sides when mature, otherwise as C. africana.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Jebel).

=C. Kotschyi= Hassk.

Glabrous herb. Leaves 2 in. long, lin.-lanceolate, subsessile, often crenulated. Spathes subsessile, ½-⅔ in. long, broadly ovate, 1-3 near ends of branches. Pet. intensely blue. Caps. small, constricted; seeds smooth, brown.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=C. imberbis= Hassk.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high; internodes 2-3 in. long. Leaves narrow- to ovate- lanceolate, 5 in. long, the upper sessile, often auricled at base. Ped. few, scattered, exserted ½-1½ in. Spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, margins free or nearly so. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.

Fung Prov. (Roseires).

=C. latifolia= A. Rich.

Slightly hairy herb; internodes long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile, upper cordate or nearly sagittate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at top of branch, exserted ½-1 in.; spathes broadly ovate, ¾ in. long, margins shortly connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.

Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza).

=C. bracteosa= Hassk.

Slightly hairy herb, 15 in. high; internodes 2 in. long. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, slightly exserted; spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, slightly white-hairy, margins connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ⅙ in. long, papery; seeds 3.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

=C. æthiopica= C. B. Clarke.

Tufted herb, 8-14 in. high; internodes 1-2½ in. long. Leaves broadly obl.-lanc., 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, hardly exserted; spathes and fl. as above. Caps. 2-seeded.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).

782 =Aneilema sinicum= Lindl.

Herb; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves linear, 8-10 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Infl. a cymose panicle, subtended by a bract (not spathe) ½-2 in. long, lin.-lanc. Sep. 3, minute; pet. 3, blue or dull purple, ¼ in. long or more; sta. 6, 2 fertile; filam. bearded at base. Caps. 1/5 in. long; seeds 6.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agad Zariba, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor southwards).

=var.= (β) =longifolia= C. B. Clarke.

Rather larger in all parts; fertile sta. sometimes 3.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Sway River).

=A. tacazzeanum= Hochst.

Weak decumbent herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; bracts minute, ovate. Pet. probably yellow; filam. bearded at base; seeds 2-6.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob).

=A. beniniense= Kunth.

Trailing herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic or obl., acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Fl. in 1-2 terminal panicles; cyme peduncles often 100 or more. Pet. very small, blue or white; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. without hairs; seeds 5-7.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku River & Nabambisso River).

=A. Schweinfurthii= C. B. Clarke.

Minutely pubescent herb; stems 8-14 in. high. Leaves on barren stems obl.-lin., 4½ in. long but on flowering stems few, oblong, 1-2 in. long. Pan. terminal, dense, pubescent, at length 1¼ by ¾ in.; bracts and bracteoles small. Pet. small, blue. Caps. nearly ¼ in. long, white; 4 seeded.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir. Khor Ajok, between Wau & Chakchak).

=A. near A. soudanicum= C. B. Clarke.

Hispid herb, up to 15 in. high. Leaves obl. or elliptic-lanc., sessile, obtuse, 3 in. long, lowest reduced to scales. Pan. dense, 1½ by ¾ in. terminal; bracts ⅙ in. long, bracteoles smaller. Pet. white or pale blue.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=A. pedunculosum= C. B. Clarke.

Weak, trailing, sparsely hairy herb; stems 6-24 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, small, frequently on short lateral branches; sep. minute; pet. very small, blue; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. slightly bearded. Caps. 1/5 in. long, shining, pale; seeds 4, pale.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

=A. Russegeri= C. B. Clarke.

Much like A. Schweinfurthii.

Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

783 =Cyanotis hirsuta= Fisch. & Mey.

Stems from a bulb; flowers in small heads exserted from the leaf- sheaths; leaves oblong-lanceolate.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).

=C. lanata= Benth.

Annual with fine woolly hair when young; stems 4-18 in. long. Leaves narrowly obl.-lanc.; up to 3 in. long. Infl. scattered, axillary and peduncled, of 1-4 clustered scorpioid cymes ab. ½ in. diam.; outermost bract usually ½-1 in. long; bracts falcate, in 2 rows or densely packed. Sep. 3, more or less connate at base; pet. 3, small, blue (?), the claws more or less coherent into a tube; sta. 6, perfect; filam. bearded. Caps. thin, 3-celled; seeds 5-6.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gurfala).

=C. djurensis= C. B. Clarke.

Herb with white wool on young parts; sterile stem short, bearing linear leaves up to 10 in. by ½ in.; flowering stems 12-20 in. long with linear leaves 6 in. long when present. Heads of several clustered cymes; outer bracts to terminal heads 2-3 in. long, linear; bracts distinctly 2-ranked; fl. blue.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=C. Cæspitosa= Kotschy & Peyr.

Herb, at first villous, then glabrate; sterile stems abrupt; basal leaves tufted, obl.-lanc., 3 in. long, shaggy at base. Leaves on flowering stems 0-1 (besides floral leaves) reduced to sheaths with a triangular point. Fl. heads hardly ½ in. long of 1 or few cymes; outer bracts ½-1 in. long; falcate bracts 2-seriate in cymes, hairy. Fl. red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

784 =Floscopa rivularis= C. B. Clarke.

Decumbent herb; stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile on sheaths 2-4 in. long. Panicle 1-2½ in. long, dense, brown-hairy, terminal. Sep. 3; pet. 3, purple or rose; sta. 6; filam.-naked; caps. 2-valved, 2-seeded, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=F. Schweinfurthii= C. B. Clarke.

Thinly hairy annual, 6-8 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanc., sessile, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, leafy; cymes 1½ in. long, hairy, dense. Caps. minute. Colour of fl. not known, probably yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi and Kulengo).

=F. flavida= C. B. Clarke.

Slightly hairy annual, 2-5 in. high. Leaves lanc., sessile, 2½ in. long. Pan. terminal, slender; cymes few, ½-1½ in. long. Cal. purple; cor. yellow. Caps. small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada, Jur Ghattas, Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

=AMARYLLIDACEÆ.=

785 =Hypoxis angustifolia= Lam.

Tuberous-rooted herb. Leaves 6-12, radical, 6-12 in. long. Ped. 1-4, shorter than leaves. Corymbs lax 2-6 flowered; per. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 3 outer segm. green and hairy outside; sta. 6; stigmas 3; ovary inferior, 3-celled, as in all this family.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=H. sp.=

Leaves few, linear, 9-12 in. long, 1/5 in. broad, 3-nerved, thinly pilose. Flower (only 1 seen) ⅓ in. long, long-pilose outside; segments yellow, ovate-lanceolate.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagulu).

786 =Curculigo gallabatensis= Schweinfth.

Herb; tuber 2 in. long. Leaves 3-4, linear, plicate, 1-2 ft. long. Fl. solitary; per. superior, base adnate to ovary, produced into a beak-like tube, 2 in. long; segm. 6, yellow, spreading, ab. ½ in. long, the 3 outer lobes reddish and hairy outside; sta. 6; stig. 3, united.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and by the River Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza).

787 =Crinum tinneanum= Kotschy & Peyr.

Bulbed herb; leaves not known. Fl. 12-30 in an umbel, rose-red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3 in. long; segm. 6, linear, spreading, 1½ in. long; sta. 6, filiform; anthers versatile; stigma capitate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main-river); Bahr El Jebel (Gondokoro).

=C. purpurascens= Herb.

Bulbed herb. Leaves numerous, strap-shaped, 1½-3 ft. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; fl. 4-6 in an umbel, red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. 2-3 in. long, lanceolate; sta. 6, filaments 2-3 in. long, purple; style capitate, longer than stamens.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau and Deim Zubeir.)

=C. ammocharoides= Baker.

Leaves 6-8 to a bulb, 1 ft. long, 1 in. broad. Ped. stout, compressed, 3-6 in. long, bearing an umbel of 10-20 bright-red flowers; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3-4 in. long; segm. linear, 2-3 in. long; sta. 6, filaments bright red, 2-3 in. long; style capitate, rather longer.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. pauciflorum= Baker.

Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 6-8, 12-18 in. long, only ¼ in. broad, erect. Ped. slender, 6-8 in. long; fl. 1-2 to an umbel; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, 4-5 in. long; segm. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel. Filaments 1 in. shorter than per. segm.; anthers ½ in. long; style overtopping anthers.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. scabrum= Herb. LANGABO—Golo.

Bulb 5-6 in. diam. Leaves 12 or more, 2-3 ft. long, 1½-2 in. broad at middle, scabrous at margin. Ped. fairly stout, 1-2 ft. long; umbel 4-8 flowered; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, greenish, 4-5 in. long; segm. ab. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel; filam. rather shorter than and style reaching tip of per. segm.

Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme and J. Marra, 5,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir).

=C. giganteum= Andr.

Differs from above by leaves 3-4 in. broad in middle and narrowing to the base and by the pure white flowers.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Rumbek and Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

788 =Hæmanthus multiflorus= Martyn. GASH-EL-FIL—Arab; OU—Golo.

Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 3-4, 6-12 in. long, 3-4 in. broad. Ped. separate from the leafy stem; fl. in dense globose umbels, 3-6 in. diam., blood-red; spathe-valves 6-8, 2 in. long. Per. tube cylindric, ½ in. long; segm. linear, 3-nerved, 1 in. long; filam. longer than per. segm.; fruit a scarlet berry.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

=H. filiflorus= Hiern.

Differs from above chiefly by broader leaves, 5-6 in. broad and 1-nerved per. segments.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: Pongo River).

=H. rupestris= Baker.

Bulb small. Leaves 2, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad. Spathe valves 4-5, reddish, 1½ in. long; per. segm. 3-nerved, ½ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).

789 =Pancratium tortuosum= Herb.

Bulb long-necked, 2 in. diam. Leaves 6-12, 6-12 in. long, spirally twisted. Ped. very short; umbel 2-4 flowered; spathe valve 1. Per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. linear, white. Filam. connate into a cup 1 in. long, toothed between the filam. tips, all white.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, between Suakin and Khor Tamanib).

=P. trianthum= Herb. ATTAB—Golo.

Leaves 6-8, 12 in. or more, not twisted. Umbel of 1-3 flowers; spathe valves and teeth of staminal cup bifid, otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and Jur Aweit); Bahr El Jebel.

=P. maximum= Forsk.

Leaves 4-5. Ped. 1-flowered; per. tube greenish, 4 in. long; segm. 2½ in., white; cup 2 in. long, faintly lobed.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).

=IRIDACEÆ.=

790 =Lapeyrousia abyssinica= Baker.

Herb with bulbous stem (corm), 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3-4, distichous, 3-6 in. long. Spikes lax 2-6 flowered; per. corolline, lilac, 6-lobed, ¾ in. long; sta. 3, ⅓ in. long; ovary inferior, 3-celled; style 3-branched, branches bifid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

791 =Tritonia bongensis= Pax.

Cormed herb; stem 1 ft. long. Leaves 2, distichous, 1 ft. long. Spikes lax, 3-6 in. long; per. red-purple; tube ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, clawed, ¼ in. long; sta. 3; style 3-branched, branches simple, clavate; ovary inferior.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Lessi River); S.E. Sudan.

792 =Gladiolus quartinianus= A. Rich.

Cormed herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves distichous 3-4, 18 in. long. Spikes 6-12 in. long, 6-9 flowered; spathe ab. 2 in. long; per. blood-red, more commonly pale-yellow; tube 1½ in. long; segm. 6, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad; sta. 3; style branches 3, spreading, flattened; ovary inferior.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Bahr El Jebel.

=G. unguiculatus= Baker.

Herb with 2-3 sheathing leaves, 18 in. long. Per. 1¼ in. long, white, tinged with greenish-brown; segm. clawed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: south-west of Tonj River).

793 =Romulea Bulbocodium= Seb. & Mauri.

Small crocus-like herb with membranous truncated bulb-scales; leaves linear, recurved; flowers blue-purplish with yellow anthers; common in the Mediterranean region.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 4,000 ft.).

=ZINGIBERACEÆ.=

794 =Kæmpferia æthiopica= Benth. TONYANGWI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KAMUTWEN—Jur.

Herb, the handsome solitary flowers appearing out of the ground before the leaves. Leaves 3-5, oblong-lanceolate, 9-18 in. long. Calyx funnel- shaped, 1½ in. long; cor. tube exserted from calyx, lobes lanceolate, 1½ in. long, lilac-coloured; fertile sta. 1, anther ½ in. long; staminodes 5, petaloid, ab. 3 in. long, bright red-purple; ovary 3-celled.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=K. rosea= Schweinf.

Flowers pink or lilac with yellow and deep purple streaks, many on a raceme, contemporary with the leaves.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Gumango Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

795 =Cadalvena spectabilis= Fenzl.

Acaulescent herb with leaves in a rosette and few pale-yellow fl., 3 in. long, on short stalks from the centre. Calyx funnel-shaped, shortly toothed; cor. lobes 3, lanceolate, 2 in. long; fertile stamen shorter than cor. lobes; anther ½ in. with pale yellow strap-shaped appendage; side staminodes small, anterior one (lip) 3 in. long, pale yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

796 =Costus pterometra= Schumann.

A tall herb. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute, acuminate, about 8 in. long and 3½ in. broad. Spikes ellipsoid, 3 in. long. Bracts elliptic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=C. trachyphyllus= Schumann.

Tall herb. Leaves oblong ab. 1 ft. long. Spikes many-flowered, 3 in. long, terminal; outer bracts orbicular, 1¼ in. diam., inner oblong, membranous. Cal. funnel-shaped, ½ in. long; cor. lobes oblong, 1½ in. long; fertile sta. 2 in. long petaloid, anther ¼ in., half-way down; lateral staminodes minute, 2 or absent; lip obovate 3 in. long white or tipped rose; style filiform, passing between lobes of anther, as in most others of this family.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Yuru Rivers).

797 =Amomum polyanthum= Schumann. AKORI—Zande.

Stem tall, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more, pilose beneath. Fl. in a globose head on a basal peduncle 6-12 in. long, with large, imbricate bracts. Cal. funnel-shaped, slit one side; cor. tube cylindrical, dorsal lobe boat-shaped, lateral lanceolate spreading; lateral staminodes 0; lip oblong purplish-yellow 1 in. long: fertile anther with 3-lobed crest; filaments filiform.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).

=A. luteo-album= Schumann.

Leafy herb with stout root-stock; leaves hairy on veins. Much as above; lip white with yellow middle.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando Village).

=A. sanguineum= Schumann.

Stem up to 15 ft. high. Leaves 1½ in. long, pubescent beneath. Infl. globose, simple or branched, radical; fl. enclosed in large brown bracts; dorsal cor. lobe bright red, 1½ in. long; lip pale yellow, 1½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika & Nabanda & Yuru Rivers).

=A. Korarima= Pereira. HABAHAN—Arab; ?NONGA—Zande.

Fruit flask-shaped 2 in. long, flattened one one side, glabrous.

Found in Abyssinia, on the Upper Sobat, from where its fruit is exported to the Sudan as a kind of Cardamom. It is said to be found also in the Southern B. El Ghazal Prov.

=A. giganteum= Oliv. & Hamb.

Stems 15-20 ft. Leaves up to 2 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Flowering stem radical, 2 ft. long; flower spikes distichous enclosed in bracts; cor. lobes 2 in. long; lip 3 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).

=A. spp.=

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River & Yuru River).

=MARANTACEÆ.=

798 =Thalia geniculata= Linn.

Herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves with long petioles, sheathing the stem at the base, blades up to 1 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Infl. in a large lax panicle; bracts oblong, ½-1 in. long enclosing pairs of flowers; sep. 3, small; pet. 3, purple; staminodes violet, longer than petals; lip obovate, purple, crested; anther 1-celled on a narrow lobe.

Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Gumango Hill).

799 =Clinogyne cuspidata= K. Schum.

Stems branched and leafy up to 12 ft. high. Leaves 1 ft. or more by 6 in., pinnately streaked with white, cuspidate, with sheathing pet. Panicles copious: flowers in pairs, one on a longer pedicel; sep. 3, ⅓ in. long; pet. 3; staminodes united in a tube at the base, ⅔ in. long, yellow or purple; lip obovate, keeled inside; sta. 1, anther 1-celled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).

=C. ugandensis= K. Schum.

Stems moderately stout. Leaves grey-green, 4-6 in. long, cusp eccentric; pet. sheath 5 in. long. Fl. much as above.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District, Doka’s).

=C. azurea= Schum.

Stems tufted. Leaves 4-8 in. long, lower ones reduced to sheaths, cusp very acute. Bracts 2-flowered, 1 in. or more long; fl. bright blue, 1 in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s village).

800 =Trachyphrynium Braunianum= Baker.

Tall shrub with slender branchlets. Leaves oblong, cuspidate, 3-6 in. long; sheaths 2-4 in. long. Infl. terminal, simple; bracts oblong- lanceolate, 1 in. long, enclosing pairs of whitish flowers, 1 in. long; sep. 3, lanceolate, ½ in. long; pet. 3, connate at base; staminodes connate, 1 in. long; lip broad obliquely crested; sta. ligulate, anther adnate, 1-celled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Atassili Brook).

=MUSACEÆ.=

801 =Musa Schweinfurthii= K. Schum. et Warb. Niamnian-land.

=M. Ensete= Gmel. BOGGUMBOLI or BOO—Zande.

Plant 30-40 ft. high with a stem ventricose at base and a plume of leaves up to 20 ft. long and 3 ft. broad. Fl. in terminal spicate panicles, unisexual; peduncle short; flowering panicle short; bracts densely imbricate, dark-brown, the lower 1 ft. long, 4-5 in. broad. Fl. whitish 1½-2 in. long, in 2 dense rows, each of up to 20 flowers. Fruit 2-3 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=M. paradisiaca= Linn. =subsp. sapientum= O. Ktze. SHAGAR EL MUZ—Arab; FATH—Nuer; BEDIGAWA (tall plant with long triangular fruit), BIRA (medium-sized) & TINGI-TINGI (dwarf plant)—Zande. The Banana Plant.

Cultivated.

=ORCHIDACEÆ.=

802 =Microstylis sp.=

Herb about 6 in. high. Leaves 2 or 3, ovate, acute, 2-3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, 5-nerved at the base. Peduncle with 3 or 4 bracts. Flowers subcapitate, flesh-coloured, transparent. Lip bilobed, slightly fringed, ⅙ in. broad.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi).

803 =Megaclinium sp.=

Epiphyte on tree trunks. Pseudobulbs sessile in the axil, 2 in. long. Leaves lanceolate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 1 in. broad. Inflorescence about 1 ft. long. Rhachis 8 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Flowers sessile, about 30 in each inflorescence.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).

804 =Eulophia lutea= Lindl.

Ground orchid with corm.-like base. Leaves distichous, usually plicate, linear to elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. scapes ab. 1 ft. long; racemes lax; bracts lanceolate, ¼ in. long; 3 sepals and 2 yellow petals ¼ in. long; lip oblong, 3-lobed; spur oblong 1/10 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District; Kagulu Khor).

=E. baginsensis= Reichb. f.

Ground orchid with conical pseudobulbs. Leaves ensiform 1-2 ft. long, 2 in. broad, crenulate. Scape 3 ft. high, panicled above; bracts ovate lanceolate ¼ in. long. Sep. 3 and pet. 2 (as in all this family, excluding the lip); lip oblong, 3-lobed; front lobe rhomboid 3-many- toothed; spur shorter than ovary.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=E. stachyodes= Reichb. f.

Ground orchid. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 5-10 in. long, appearing after the fl. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes 6 in. long, many flowered; bracts lanceolate, ¾ in. long, green and purple; pet. white, ¾ in. long; lip white with maroon streaks, 3-lobed; spur curved, 1/10 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

=E. flavopurpurea= Rolfe.

Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear, under ½ in. broad. Scape 2¼ ft. high; raceme 1 ft. long, few-flowered; petals yellowish-green, ¾ in. long; lip ligulate, 3-fid, striped purple; spur retrose, yellow at apex, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=E. Woodfordii= Rolfe.

Ground orchid with tuberous rhizome. Leaves lanceolate, 8-18 in. long, tapering to sheathing petiole. Scapes up to 3 ft. high; racemes 6-15 in. long with many greenish and light lilac flowers; sep. ¾ in. long, pet. a little shorter; lip ¾ in. long, somewhat trilobed, with 4 tubercles; spur broadly saccate.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Allumas).

=E. Schweinfurthii= Kraenzl.

Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes few- flowered; sep. ¼ in. long, orbicular; pet. ¼ in. long, ligulate; lip 3-lobed, 3-ridged; spur stout, conical.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=E. guineensis= Lindl.

Terrestrial orchid, with large conical pseudobulbs. Leaves lanceolate- or obovate-oblong, 4-12 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Scapes 2-3 ft. long; racemes 8-12 in. long, many-flowered; sep. and pet. 1-1½ in. long, brown; lip pink, ovate; spur ¾-1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land).

=E. sp. near E. Zeyheri= Sond.

Erect herb about 1½ ft. high. Leaves not seen. Flowers few, beautiful light yellow with brown lip.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei, Ngoi).

805 =Lissochilus pyrophilus= Reichb.

In this genus all are terrestrial herbs with elongate lanceolate or linear, plicate leaves, rising from a creeping rhizome. In this sp.: scape 18 in. high; racemes 6-10 in. laxly many flowered; fl. brown, sep. and pet. ¼ in. long; lip 1/5 in. long, 3-lobed; spur minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Kuraggera).

=L. paludicolus= Reichb. f.

Leaves 1½-2 ft. long, ½ in. broad. Scape 3 ft. long; raceme 10 in. long, laxly many yellow-flowered; sep. and pet. ½ in. long; lip obscurely 3-lobed, with 3 crenulate ridges; spur saccate, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River); Bahr El Jebel.

=L. Millsonii= Rolfe.

Scape 2-2½ ft. long; raceme 6-8 in. long; sep. and pet. ab. 1 in. long, cream-coloured; lip chocolate-coloured 3-lobed, with 5-9 crenulate ridges; spur ab. ⅙ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu).

=L. purpuratus= Lindl.

Leaves 1-2 ft. long. Scape 3-4 ft. and raceme 9-12 in. long, many flowered. Sep. and pet. faint-pink, ¾ in. long, petals broader; lip 3-lobed, side lobes purplish brown, front lobe lilac with 2-4 darker crenulate ridges; spur conical, 1/5 in. long, pink.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshook Ali, Dar Fertit: Biselli, Niamniam- land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=L. arenarius= Lindl.

Leaves 1-1½ ft. long, ½ in. broad, appearing after flowers. Scapes 2-3 ft. high, racemes 4-8 in., 6-10 flowers. Fl. purple with greenish sepals; sep. ¾-1¼ in. long, lanceolate; pet. same length, broad- elliptic; lip ab. same length; broadly pandurate 3-lobed, with thickened crenulate median nerve; spur ab. ⅓ in. long, yellow inside.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=L. Roscheri= Reichb. f.

Fl. small lilac, probably a small form of above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Gafal River).

=L. porphyroglossus= Reichb. f.

Leaves long petioled, 3½ ft. long, 1¾ in. broad. Scapes tall; racemes 1 ft. long, many-flowered; sep. lanceolate, 1 in. long; pet. suborbicular, ab. 1 in., pale lilac: lip 3-lobed, 1¼ in. long, purple with 3-5 crenulate ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo River).

=L. Schweinfurthii= Reichb. f.

Leaves 18 in. or more. Scapes tall, racemes 1 ft., many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, 1 in.; pet. suborbicular, slightly longer; lip suborbicular, undulate, 1 in. long, with 3, dividing into 5, ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical, curved.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).

=L. orthoplectrus= Reichb. f.

Scape 2 ft. high; raceme lax many-flowered. Fl. brown, striped with purple. Sep. triangular; pet. elliptical, ab. ½ in.; lip 3-lobed, front lobe ligulate, 5-ridged; spur conical, straight, ab. ¼ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: north of Uzze River).

=L. Wakefieldii= Reichb. f. & S. Moore.

Leaves 4-5, about 12 in. long. Scapes 2-4 ft. long; raceme ab. 1 ft., laxly many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, ⅓ in. long, green; pet. broad- ovate, ¾ in. bright yellow; lip pandurate-oblong, ¾ in. long with 3-yellow ridges, spur conical, ab. ¼ in.

Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gameiza).

806 =Tridactyle filifolia= Schlechter.

Epiphyte on rocks or trees. Stems terete, jointed, rugose. Leaves very few, linear-acicular, acute, about 3½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, with a slender spur ¼ in. long.

Lado: Rocks at Asugi (Sillitoe 146).

807 =Angræcum kotschyanum= Reichb. f.

Epiphyte, 3-6 leaved. Leaves distichous obovate-oblong 2-5 in. long. Racemes pendulous 9-15 in. long, many-flowered; sep. elliptic- lanceolate, ½-1 in.; petals slightly smaller; lip pandurate ½-1 in. long; spur curved 5-8 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: near Kamamil); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=A. sp.=

Epiphyte on Landolphia owariensis and other trees; roots very numerous, straw-coloured, up to about 8 in. long. Leaves oblanceolate, 6 in. long, with about 30 nerves. Flowers not seen.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Chak-Chak & W. of Pongo River).

808 =Corymbis corymbosa= Thou.

Tall ground orchid; stem leafy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sheathing, 7-9 in. long. Panicles axillary; fl. large white; sep. and pet. narrow below, somewhat dilated above; lip erect, linear, channelled, apex recurved.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

809 =Nervilia Kotschyi= Schlechter.

Terrestrial herb; rhizome tuberiferous. Leaves appearing after flowers, variable in shape. Fl. racemose; sep and pet. ligulate, greenish; lip white, oblong-flabellate, trifid at apex.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

810 =Habenaria njamnjamica= Kränzl.

Terrestrial herb. Leaves 3-4, oblong or lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long, sheathing. Racemes elongate 7 in. long; bracts ovate, longer than fl.; dorsal sep., oblong, ¼ in. long, lateral sep. deflexed; pet. bipartite, lobes linear-falcate; lip 3-partite, ⅓ in. long; spur inflated ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=H. armatissima= Reichb. f.

Tuber large, over 1½ in. long; leaves 2, subopposite, basal ovate- orbicular, 3-4 in. long, 4-5 in. broad; bracts ovate, acuminate, ¾ in. long; flowers white.

=H. Bongensium= Reichb. f.

Ground orchid, growing in grass in moist places, 1 ft. high. Leaves 5-10, ovate-lanceolate, cauline, 1-2½ in. long. Scape 1 ft. high; raceme 6 in. dense; bracts lanceolate, ½ in.; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral oblong 3-nerved; pet. 2-partite, one lobe very small; lip 3-partite, median lobe much longer; spur curved ab. ⅓ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, J. Ghattas).

=H. Walleri= Reichb. f.

Tall ground orchid with brilliant green foliage (Sillitoe), upper leaves oblong-linear reduced. Racemes with 4 large white fl. on 3-4 in. long pedicels; bracts ovate, ab. 1½ in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded, ½ in. long, lateral elliptic-oblong, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite; lip 3-lobed, side-lobes 1 in. long, front lobes shorter; spurs 3-4 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=H. cirrhata= Reichb. f.

Ground orchid with 2 in. long, oblong tuber and 3 in. stem. Leaves 4-5, suborbicular, 2-3 in. long. Racemes few-flowered; bracts oblong, 2 in. long; fl. large, white, vanilla-scented; dorsal sep. oblong, ½ in. lateral deflexed, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite, posterior lobe linear, 1 in., anterior filiform, 3-4 in. long; lip 3-partite, lobes filiform, ab. 1 in. long; spur 5-8 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, among bushes).

=H. sp.=

Herb, about 1 ft. high, with two suborbicular leaves at the base. Bracts large and membranous, about 1½ in. long, venose. Spurs very slender, about 4 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River), Sillitoe 140.

811 =Brachycorythis hispidula= Schltr.

Densely leafy, velvety ground orchid, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate decreasing from ab. 1 in. to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long bracts. Racemes 3-8 in. long; fl. dense white and purple; dorsal sep. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in., lateral broader, oblique; pet. ovate, ¼ in. long; lip 3-lobed ⅓ in. long, front lobe shorter, broadly triangular.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Asugi & Ngoi).

=B. Schweinfurthii= Reichb. f.

Leafy ground orchid, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long, imbricate, cuneate, ligulate. Infl. spicate or racemose, dense, 6 in. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, about as long as the purple flowers; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral axe-shaped; pet. oblong, incurved; lip 3-lobed, side lobe semi-lunate, front lobe triangular, minute; spur obtuse-angled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Steppes).

=B. grandis, var. sudanica= Braid.

Erect herb, 2 ft. high; leafy from base. Leaves lanceolate, very acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Flowers pale pink. Spur very short.

Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Doka’s).

812 =Bonatea sudanensis= Rolfe.

Cauline leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, 2½-4½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad. Racemes 5-flowered; bracts 3 cm. long. Pedicel and ovary 2 in. long. Spur 4 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

813 =Platycoryne crocea= Rolfe.

Slender ground orchid, 1 ft. high. Leaves ab. 7, cauline, lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long. Racemes 3-4 flowered, short; bracts ovate-oblong, ¼-½ in.; fl. orange-buff; lateral sep. and petals ovate-oblong, 1/5 in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded; lip 3-lobed, side lobes minute, front lobe 1/5 in.; spur over ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of the Lessi River).

=PALMÆ.=

814 =Phœnix dactylifera= Linn. NAKHLA—Arab. The Date Palm.

Cultivated, especially in the Northern parts of the Sudan, for its fruit, which is called BALAH or TAMR by Arabs.

The timber is used for beams and posts; mats, fans, baskets and ropes are made from the leaves and crates and baskets from the petioles. The tree yields a gum which is considered a useful remedy for diarrhœa. A perfume is obtained by distillation, from the spathes. Date sugar can be obtained from the juice tapped from the stem, but at the expense of the fruit crop. (Male DAKAR, female NITAYA, green date DUFFEIG or ROTAB, leave stalk GEREIDAH, spathe AF, male flowers ARGUN, female ZABATA, seed NAWA)—Arab.

=P. reclinata= Jacq. KINGE—Zande.

Much like a small date palm; stems 3-5 ft. high; leaves 2-5 ft. long, midrib white-woolly underneath.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Genana & Jur Ghattas, near Tonj & Southern B. El Ghazal).

Fruit edible, leaves used for hats, mats, etc., and the trunk for building.

815 =Raphia Monbuttorum= Drude. NAKHL EL FARAUN—Arab.

Acaulescent, or stem up to 5 ft. long, densely annulate; leaves in a terminal crown, large, pinnatisect. Infl. monœcious; spadices branched, large, pendulous, cylindrical, branches and branchlets compressed, the latter pectinately arranged; fl. solitary in cup-shaped bracts, male at base and fem. above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Okale).

The stalks of the leaves, oval in section and 2 in. by 1 in. thick, are used as carrying poles.

816 =Calamus Barteri= Becc.

Climbing palm, up to 50 ft. high; stem ab. 1 in. thick. Leaves distant, equally pinnate, margins, midrib and nerves of leaflets spinosely hairy, sheaths also spiny. Spadix polygamous diœcious, branched, each branch bearing 30-40 fl.; bracteoles of male fl. with 2 wing-like keels.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).

=C. sp.?= PODO (the fruit)—Zande.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (South).

817 =Ancistrophyllum Schweinfurthii= Mann & Wendl.

Climbing palm up to 60 ft. high. Leaves 12-14 ft. long, equally pinnate, midrib gradually tapering to a whip-like, sometimes spiny tendril, 5-6 ft. long; pet., sheaths and spaces between leaflets spinous. Fl. hermaphrodite.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mansilli Brook).

818 =Borassus flabellifer= Linn. =var. æthiopum= Warburg. DELEIB—Arab; GAGGIAM (the small tree) & DAGGĀT (full grown tree) (Dilling) GIĀT (J. Ghulfan) & MUNLI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; INJIR—Bari; TUK (Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka & Jur; DALANZE—Golo; NURR—Nuer; OKWA—Zande.

Tall, erect, usually unbranched palm, up to 60-70 ft. high; stem robust annulate, thickened above the middle. Leaves fan-shaped, broader than long, in a terminal crown. Infl. diœcious. Drupe obscurely 3-angled, smooth, orange-coloured, with a fibrous epicarp.

Southern Sudan.

Almost every part of this palm is put to some use. The fibres from the leaves and leaf-stalks are used for rope making; the leaves for thatching; the pericarp of the fruit is edible, and the kernel itself is eaten when young. The wood is heavy, hard and durable, and is useful for building, canoes, water-pipes, etc. From the unopen spathes a sap is drawn which when fresh is sweet and when boiled down yields Date Sugar or Jaggery, it quickly ferments, and gives a raw spirit called toddy. The root tip as it emerges from the germinating seed is eaten as a vegetable.

819 =Hyphæne thebaica= Mart. DOM—Arab; ANDO (J. Daier), KARIAI (J. Eliri) & AMURTE (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; GORA—Hameg; KEIR & TUNUSHO—Bari; NIAT (Kaka) & TAAM—Dinka; DAYA & LEL—Nuer; KAYU—Shilluk; TAANG—Burun. The Dom Palm.

Tree up to 50 ft. high; stems branching dichotomously. Leaves 20-30 in a terminal crown on each branch, fan-shaped; petiole sheathing at base, spiny on margins. Fruit 3 in. long, obliquely ovoid, obscurely 3-angled.

Usually near running water, throughout the Sudan; Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov.

The leaves are made into mats and their fibre is used for rope-making. The pulp round the seeds is insipid but is eaten. The kernels give a vegetable ivory. The timber is strong and is used for posts and beams.

820 =Medemia Argun= P.G. von Württemburg. DOM—Arab.

Tree with undivided stems and fan-shaped leaves. Fruit ellipsoid, dull brown, 1 5/6 in. long.

Nubia (Wadi Delah, near Murrat wells in the Great Nubian Desert, between Korosko & Abu Hamed); Halfa Prov. (Upper reaches of Wadi Gebgaba, Lat. 21° 45′ N. & Long. 33° E.); Kordofan Prov. (20-21° Lat. N.).

The leaves yield a strong fibre.

=M. abiadensis= Wendl.

Much as above; fruit ellipsoid, bright brown, 1½ in. long. On the White Nile.

821 =Elæis guineensis= Jacq. The Oil Palm.

Erect palm; stem 20-30 ft. high, annulate, bearing remains of old leaves. Leaves many in a terminal crown, 10-15 ft. long; pet. 4 ft. long, spiny on margins; leaflets 18 in. or more long. Fruit ovoid, umbilicate at apex, 1-3 seeded.

White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

Introduced. Not cultivated to any extent in the Sudan at present.

=PANDANACEÆ.=

822 =Pandanus sp.=

Leaves sword-like, sharply toothed, probably about 4 ft. long, thick and leathery. Flowers not seen.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).

=ERIOCAULACEÆ.=

823 =Eriocaulon bifistulosum= Van Heurck & Muell. Arg.

Aquatic herb; stem elongated, densely leafy above. Leaves filiform, 1-3½ in. long. Ped. numerous, 1½-5 in. long, with sheaths, ab. 1 in. long, obtuse or bifid at apex. Fl. minute, in globose-depressed brownish monœcious heads, ⅙ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Biri River; Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=E. bongense= Engl. & Ruhland.

Stemless aquatic herb. Leaves radical, linear, 1½-3 in. long. Ped. 5-16 to a plant, 3-12 in. long; sheaths 1-3½ in. long, rather loose. Heads light straw-coloured, subglobose, ab. ⅓ in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agaza River near Jur Ghattas; Bongo: at Bulu near Sabbi).

=E. elegantulum= Engl.

Stemless aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves 4-10, linear, ⅓-3 in. long. Ped. 2-16, acutely 3-4 angled, 1-8 in. long; sheaths ⅓-3 in. long, inflated. Heads ab. ⅙ in. diam., globose; male fl. usually central, greyish-white; fem. brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=CYPERACEÆ (Sedges).[5]=

(i) Empty glumes at base of spikelet 1-2; fertile glumes 1 to many, distichous; hypogynous bristles or scales 0; infl. umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite.

(a) Style 2-branched.

824 =Kyllinga erecta= Schum. & Thonn.

Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping, up to 8 in. long; stems more or less distant, nodeless. Leaves close to base of stem and up to half its length, ⅛ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ¼-⅓ in. diam., ovoid, dense, golden tinged; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged; nut yellow-brown, turning black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.).

=K. melanosperma= Nees.

Glabrous herb; rhizome thick, ½-1½ in. long; stems 20-30 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to 6 in. long, ⅙ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ⅓ in. long, ovoid; bracts 3-4, up to 4 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile, not winged glume; nut black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=K. crassipes= Boeck.

Rhizome short; stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves up to 9 in. long. Heads of 1-3 spikes, pale brown; bracts 4-5, up to 9 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged, but has sunk red glands.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Atwot District).

=K. pungens= Link.

Rhizome thick, brown-scaly; stem 8-18 in. long. Leaves under 9 in. long. Head of 1 spike, subglobose, ¼-⅓ in. diam.; bracts 4-5, 1-4 in. long; fertile glume 1, not winged; nut black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Matju River).

=K. triceps= Rottb.

Stems sub-bulbous at base, tufted, 2-12 in. long. Leaves up to 12 in. long. Heads of usually 3, sometimes 1 spike, white or green, 1/5-⅓ in. long; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; fertile glume in spikelet 1, sometimes red gland-dotted; nuts yellow-brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas).

=K. squamulata= Vahl.

Root fibrous; stems tufted. Leaves as long as stem. Head green to brown, globose, usually of 1 spike, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts 3, up to 4 in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1 with a toothed winged keel; nuts dull-brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & J. Kurbaj); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=K. controversa= Steud. =var. subexalata= C. B. Clarke.

Roots, stems and leaves as above, but sheaths of last much torn. Head globose of usually 3 spikes; bracts 3-4, up to 6 in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1, keel with narrow ciliate wing.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj).

=K. polyphylla= Willd.

Rhizome short, thick; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head of 1, sometimes 3, orange-green spikes; bracts 5-8, sometimes over 4 in. long; spikes ⅓ in. diam., ovoid; fertile glume in spikelet 1, wingless; nuts red-brown.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=K. sphærocephala= Boeck.

Rhizome slender; stems 1 ft. long, slender. Leaves up to 8 in. long. Head pale cinnamon-coloured, globose, ¼ in. diam.; spike 1; bracts 2-3, up to 2 in. long; spikelets with 1, 4-ribbed fertile glume; nut yellow- brown.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=K. pumila= Mich.

Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 4-18 in. long, slender; sheaths reddish. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head green or greenish-white; spikes 1-3, middle spike ab. ⅓ in. long; bracts 2-4, 2-6 in. long; spikelets dense; fertile glume 1, rarely 2, not winged; nut yellow-brown.

Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

825 =Pycreus flavescens= Nees.

Annual; stems 1-12 in. long. Leaves up to 8 in., crowded close to the base. Spikes 1 or more, loosely umbelled, of 3-12 clustered ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 2-4, overtopping umbel; spikelets straw-coloured, red- tinged; fertile glumes 8-36, boat-shaped; nuts whitish, laterally compressed.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River: Nuer country; Bongo: Addai).

=P. Mundtii= Nees. UMTUGG (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Stems 8-24 in. long, decumbent and rooting at base and clothed with leaf-sheaths up to ¾ of its length. Leaves 4-10 in. long. Spikes usually in many-rayed simple umbels, rarely subcompound or 1 spike only, bearing 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 4 to many, overtopping the umbel; spikelets containing 12-16 fertile glumes, brown; nuts biconvex, dotted.

Khartoum Prov.; North Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,000 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Sobat River & Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=P. nitens= Nees.

Annual; stems tufted up to 12 in. long. Leaves ab. same length. Umbels simple; spikes 1-6; bracts 3-6, ½-6 in. long; spikelets straw-coloured, 5-30 per spike; fertile glumes 8-44, boat-shaped; nuts pale-brown, laterally compressed.

Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).

=P. polystachyos= P. Beauv.

Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves basal, up to length of stem. Umbels usually compound of 1-7 rays; spikes of 10-50 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 3-6, 4-12 in. long; fertile glumes in spikelet 20-50; straw-coloured or reddish; nut brown.

=var. laxiflora= Benth.

Spikes open, subcorymbose or umbellate; spikelets subsolitary.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=P. globosus= Reichb. =var. nilagirica= C. B. Clarke.

Annual or biennial; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbels 1-6 in. diam., simple or compound or 1 compound head, bracts 3-5, lowest overtopping inflorescence; spikelets up to ¾ in. long, compressed, dark-brown; fertile glumes 8-30; nuts blackish.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.).

=P. propinquus= Nees.

Stems and leaves 12-18 in. long. Spikes 10-16 in 1 compound, pale-yellow head; bracts 3, 3-7 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long; fertile glumes 20-36, slightly inflated; nuts red-brown.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=P. capillifolius= C. B. Clarke.

Annual; stems tufted, very slender, 4-8 in. long. Leaves same length, almost hair-like. Head 1, lateral, of 4-18 ebracteolate spikelets which are ½-¾ in. long and have 10-30 fertile, pale-yellow inflated glumes; bracts 2, 1-2½ in. long; nut black, smooth, half the length of glume.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=P. elegantulus= C. B. Clarke.

Annual; stems 8-28 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbel of 1-7 dense, compound spikes, each of 5-30 dense spikelets or by congestion forming a mass of 80 spikelets or more; bracts 3-5, 3-9 in. long; spikelets up to ⅔ in. long, ebracteolate, 6-16 fld.; glumes not overlapping in fruit, dark-brown with green keel; nut obovoid, ab. ½ length of glume; style short.

Between Khartoum & Shendi.

=P. umbrosus= Nees.

Rhizome woody, giving out suckers 12 in. long or more, clothed with dark-brown scales; stems 12-18 in. long. Leaves ⅙ in. broad, longer than stem; sheaths fleshy, with transverse lines. Umbels subsimple, rays 3-7, up to 2 in. long; bracts 4, lowest 6 in. long; spikes of 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets 16-fld., brown to black, keels yellowish-brown or green; style shorter than nut, which is ¼ length of glume, dark-brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages).

=P. albomarginatus= Nees.

Annual; stem solitary, 1-3 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ab. ¼ in. broad. Umbel usually compound; primary rays 3-11, 1-7 in. long; bracts 3-6, lowest 8-18 in. long. Spikes subglobose or elongate, 1¼-2 in. long, of 8-12 usually ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets straw-coloured, 18-30 fld.; glumes with white margins; nut black, ⅔ length of glume.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

826 =Juncellus alopecuroides= C. B. Clarke. SEID & SAMAR BALADI (Egypt)—Arab.

Large herb; stem solitary, 18-36 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel 6 in. and more in diam., compound; rays 4-10; bracts 3-8, lowest 6 in. and more long; spikes 3-5 together, sessile, 1-1½ in. long, dense; spikelets 8-30 fld.; compressed, straw- coloured; glumes closely imbricate; nut ⅓ length of glume, anterior angle flattened.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,200 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Zeraf).

Cultivated in Lower Egypt for its stems which are made into mats, also for sweetening land about to be reclaimed.

=J. pustulatus= C. B. Clarke.

Annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves few, ab. ⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbels simple, rays 1-5, 0-2½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest 3-7 in. long. Spikes of 2-5 subsessile spikelets, ebracteolate; spikelets white, purple-marked, up to ½ in. long; rhachilla persistent; flowering glumes 8-18; nut 2/5 length of glume, much flattened on anterior angle.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=J. pygmæus= C. B. Clarke.

Annual; stems densely tufted, 1-10 in. high. Leaves as long, narrow. Infl. a dense compound head of numerous spikelets; bracts 3-8, dilated at base, lowest up to 3-6 in. long; spikelets green to pale-brown, 1/5 in. long, compressed, 8-24. fld.; glumes deciduous from lowest, rhachilla persistent; nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, plano-convex, brown, smooth.

Dongola Prov. (banks of the Nile); Khartoum Prov. (North); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

=J. lævigatus= C. B. Clarke.

Rhizome woody; stems crowded or distant, 6-24 in. long, bases enclosed by red-brown scales. Leaves variable, usually short. Spike solitary, lateral, of 1-30 spikelets; bracts 2, lowest continuing the stem, 1-3 in. long; spikelets ⅓ in. long, straw-coloured, 12-24. fld.; nut ab. ⅔ length of glume, plano-convex; rhachilla persistent.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob, 2,400 ft.).

827 =Cyperus nudicaulis= Poir.

Floating herb; rhizome long; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves reduced to pale-brown leaf-sheaths. Head of 1-12 sessile spikelets; bracts 1-3, the lowest suberect, continuing the stem, shorter than head; spikelets ½-1 in. long, flattened, 30-70 fld., pale or reddish; glumes 3-nerved, falling off seriatim from lowest from persistent rhachilla; sta. 3; style long, branches short; nut ⅔ length of glume, flattened, base corky, thickened.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river).

=C. Colymbetes= Kotschy & Peyr.

Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, 3-angled. Leaves 0. Head of 6-30 spikelets; bracts 2; spikelets ½-⅔ in. long, up to 40 fld., otherwise as above.

Fung Prov. (Saoleil & Sherif); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel.

=C. leucocephalus= Retz.

Glabrous herb; stems bulbous at base, 4-10 in. long, tufted. Leaves up to ⅔ length of stem. Head 1 globose, white or pale brown, up to ⅔ in. diam., of 6-40 spikelets; bracts 3, lowest 2 in. long; spikelets up to ⅓ in. long, compressed; glumes 1-3 nerved close; sta. 1; style shorter than nut which is ⅓-⅔ length of glume, yellow, bluntly 3-angled.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).

=C. compactus= Lam. ’ESHŪB, SE’ED—Arab.

Perennial; rhizome short; stem 4-16 in. long, with hard, dark brown leaf-sheaths at base. Leaves up to length of stem. Head 1 of 5-20 spikelets, ½-1½ in. diam., yellowish; bracts 3-4, dilated at base, lowest 2-4 in. long; spikelets ⅓-⅔ in., oblong, compressed, 8-18 fld.; glumes ab. ¼ in. long, close, striate; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled; style shorter than nut.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

=C. conglomeratus= Rottb.

Glabrous herb; rhizome usually short; roots woolly; stems 4-24 in. long, somewhat 3-angled at top. Leaves half to twice as long as stem. Simple umbel or head of few spikes; bracts 3-5, lowest 3-6 in. long, suberect, dilated at base; spikelets 3-25 to a head, ab. ½ in. long, 8-16 fld., straw-coloured or pale brown; glumes minutely mucronate, ribbed; style short, branches rather long; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled.

Nubian Desert (Wadi El Derood); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Darfur Prov.

=C. cruentus= Rottb. TOROG—Hadendowa; ASHAM—Rashida.

Spikelets narrower and glumes closer on rhachilla, but otherwise as above.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Obak); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara, near Bulak); Kassala Prov. (Gash Delta: Um Adam); Red Sea Prov. (Er-Rih Island, Red Sea); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).

=C. amabilis= Vahl.

Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long. Leaves up to ½ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound (rarely 1 head), rays up to 14 and 4 in. long; bracts up to 4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets 3-10 together, ⅔ in long, golden-brown, 16-36 fld.; glumes minutely mucronate, keel of 3-5 green nerves; style as long as nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, obovoid, brown.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. uncinatus= Poir.

Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem, bristly. Umbels usually simple; bracts 3-6, bristly, longer than umbel; spikelets digitate, usually 3-10 together, ½ in. long, 8-28 fld., compressed, pale-rusty to brown; glumes 3-nerved, the green keel produced into a prominent bristle; nut half as long as glume (excl. mucro), oblong-obovoid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. reduncus= Hochst.

Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-4 in. diam.; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes digitate, of 3-20 spikelets, which are flattened and 30 fld.; glumes with short recurved mucro; style short, as are the branches; nut ab. ¾ in. length of glume, narrow, brown.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. difformis= Linn.

Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Spikes in simple or compound umbel or contracted into 1 head; bracts 2-4, lowest 2-10 in. long. Spikelets many in dense heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 fld.; glumes close packed, obtuse; sta. 1 (rarely 2); style much shorter than nut, branches short: nut nearly as long as glume, 3-angled, straw-coloured to brown.

Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,300 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Linduku River).

=C. microlepis= Boeck.

Spikelets whitish; glumes more elongate and less obtuse, and nut more elongate and narrower than in above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. dichroostachyus= Hochst.

Glabrous herb; rhizome 4-8 in. long; stems distant, 18-36 in. long, sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, up to ½ in. broad. Umbel lateral, compound, 2-5 in. diam.; bracts 3-4, up to 8 in. long, lowest in continuation of stem. Spikes of 3-5 spikelets, digitate, numerous; spikelets white, brown spotted, 6-14 fld.; glumes 1-nerved, obtuse; sta. 2; style very short; nut ¾ length of glume, yellow-brown.

North Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=C. Haspan= Linn.

Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping; stems distant or close together, 4-28 in. long, 3-angled or winged at top. Leaves almost absent to longer than stem. Umbel usually compound once or more, rarely simple; bracts 2-3, lowest suberect, shorter to longer than the umbel. Spikelets digitate, 2-6 together, up to ½ in. long, compressed, 10-40 fld.; glumes 1-3 nerved, greenish or purplish; sta. 2-3; style short; nut ab. ½ length of glume, pale-brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Yei River).

=C. flavidus= Retz.

Short-lived annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long, obtusely 3-angled. Leaves longer than stem. Umbel very compound, yellow to blackish; bracts longer than umbel; sta. 1; nut white; otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. podocarpus= Boeck.

Glabrous herb; rhizome scaly; stems tufted, obtusely 3-angled, 10 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple; rays 2-4, ab. ½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest suberect, 4-8 in. long. Spikes of 3-7 spikelets, ebracteate; spikelets 2/5 in. long, 8-12 fld., purple mottled; glumes obtuse; sta. 3; style shorter than nut, which is ½ length of glume, broad ellipsoid, 3-angled, suddenly narrowed into a minute stalk, black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. sphærospermus= Schrad.

Glabrous herb; rhizome woody, 2 in. long; stems 6-14 in. long, more or less sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves from ½ the length to (rarely) more than length of stems. Umbel simple or compound, 1-5 in. diam.; bracts varying from 1 in. to length in infl. Spikes of 3-8 digitate spikelets, straw-coloured or rich brown; spikelets ½ in. long, compressed, 10-30 fld.; sta. 3; style short, branches longer than the minute nut.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=C. flabelliformis= Rottb.

Rhizome stout; stems 2-3 ft. long, tufted, rounded or angular at top. Leaves 0, except on early sterile shoots. Umbel usually compound, 4-12 in. diam.; primary rays 6 to numerous, subequal; bracts 8-12 subequal, longer than umbel; spikes whitish-yellow to rusty, of 2-15 digitate spikelets which are compressed and 10-20 fld.; glumes hard, shining, pointed; sta. 3; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=C. dichromenæformis= Kunth. =var. major= Boeck.

Rhizome woody; stems 12-30 in. long, almost flattened at top. Leaves nearly as long, up to ½ in. broad. Head of 12-34 spikelets; bracts 4-5, lowest up to 10 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long, flattened, straw- coloured, 12-20 fld.; glumes distant; sta. 3; styles shorter than nut, branches long; nut ⅔ length of glume, 3-angled, brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kulenjo).

=C. Renschii= Boeck.

Tall glabrous herb; stems up to 6 ft. high, 3-angled to 3-winged at top. Leaves up to 4 ft. by 1 in., 3-nerved. Umbel 8-24 in. diam., decompound; bracts 2 ft. long. Spikes abundant, green to red-brown, small, of 2-7 clustered spikelets which are 1/12 in. long, oblong, 3-6 fld.; glumes distichous, mucronate; sta. 2-3; style half the length and branches length of the nut which is ab. ½ length of glume.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. Iria= Linn.

Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long. Leaves ab. as long as stem. Umbel usually compound, 2-20 in. diam.; rays often long; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of 5-20 spikelets loosely spicate on a ⅓-2 in. long rhachis; spikelets slender, ab. ½ in. long, yellow or brown, 6-20 fld.; nut nearly length of glume, black; style short, branches shortly exserted.

Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=C. aristatus= Rottb.

Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-7 in. long. Leaves up to length of stem. Umbel appearing simple (or 1 spike); rays 1-6, up to 3 in. long, lowest bract usually longer than umbel. Spikes ½ in. long, cylindric, of 5-40 spikelets, brown when ripe; spikelets up to ½ in. long, compressed, 6-30 fld.; glumes striate, ending in a conspicuous recurved bristle; sta. 1; nut ⅓ length of glume, brown; style shorter than nut, branches shortly exserted.

Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=C. distans= Linn. f.

Glabrous herb; rhizome stout; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-12 in. diam., sometimes congested or scanty; bracts usually longer than umbel. Rhachis of spike ⅓-2 in. long; spikelets spicate, almost acicular, 10-12 fld., reddish; glumes distant; style shorter than nut, branches shortly exserted; nut ab. ½ length of glume, black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. eleusinoides= Kunth.

Stems 1-3 ft. long, throwing out lateral shoots at base. Spikes 1 in. long dense cylindric; spikelets obliquely spreading, green or grey- brown, ½ in. long, ab. 10 fld.; glumes mucronate, approximate; otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=C. latifolius= Poir.

Glabrous herb; stolons (runners) long; stem 2-3 ft. long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem, ¾ in. broad. Umbel compound, dense, secondary umbels corymbose; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of 4-8 spikelets: spikelets ½ in. long, pallid or reddish, 8-16 fld.; glumes obtuse, imbricated; nut ½ length of glume, black.

Bahr El Jebel (Hillet El Nuer).

=C. pilosus= Vahl.

Glabrous, except spike-rhachis which is minutely hairy; stem 12-30 in. long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem. Umbel usually compound; bracts several, lowest longer than umbel. Spikelets ½ in. long at right angles to the rhachis, pale reddish, 10-24 fld.; glumes obtuse, rather loose; nut 3/5 length of glume, black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. bulbosus= Vahl.

Glabrous bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in small bulb; stem 4-12 in. long, very slender. Leaves longer than stem, tapering. Umbel contracted, subcorymbose; bracts 3-6 overtopping umbel. Spikelets 4-6 to the spike, compressed, red; rhachilla winged; flowering glumes 8-26, obtuse, striate; nut ½ length of glume, black; style short, branches long.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi El Omari & Khor Tamanib).

The roots are used as flour in times of scarcity and eaten roasted or boiled.

=C. microbolbos= C. B. Clarke.

Bulbed glabrous herb; stems 3 in. high, slender; stolons capillary, ending in minute bulbs. Leaves 6 in. long. Spikes 1 or 2 together, ped. ¼ in. long; bracts 2, longer than spike. Spikelets 3-5 per spike, ½ in. long, compressed red-brown, 24 fld.; glumes green-mucronate; sta. 3; style length of nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, brown.

Red Sea Prov. (coast-land to between 3,000-4,000 ft., Suakin).

=C. esculentus= Linn. SAAD—Arab.

Bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in bulbs ½ in. diam., ringed by transverse lines; stems 6-24 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to ¾ length of stem. Umbel more or less compound, 3-12 in. diam.; bracts 3-5, ab. as long as umbel. Spikes of 4-30 spikelets which are ¼-¾ in. long, pale yellow to brown, 6-30 fld., rhachilla winged; glumes blunt, striate; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ab. ½ length of glume.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. articulatus= Linn.

Glabrous herb, stolons hardening into long rhizomes; stems 3-6 ft. high, when dry showing joints ½-1½ in. apart. Leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbel usually compound, 1-8 in. diam.; bracts elliptic-lanceolate. Spikelets 3-4 to spike, or more by congestion of spikes into one, ⅓-1 in. long, 12-50 fld., straw-coloured to brown; glumes obtuse; style branches long; nut 3/5 length of glume, black.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

=C. schimperianus= Steud. DIS & SID—Arab.

Glabrous herb; rhizome woody; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves under ⅓ length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-10 in. diam.; bracts 4-7. Spikes of 3-20 loosely arranged, often drooping, 12-24 fld. spikelets, which are ½-¾ in. long, compressed, red-brown; rhachilla winged, wings deciduous; glumes distant, obtuse; style branches long; nut ½ length of glume.

Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Khartoum Prov. (Nile near J. Royan); Fung Prov.

=C. nubicus= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizomes; stems up to 2 ft. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves 12 in. by ¼ in. Umbel compound, 5-8 in. diam. Spikelets numerous, rusty-red, up to 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., compressed; rhachilla wings ovate, deciduous; glumes acute, distant; style short, branches long; nut 2/5 length of glume, black. Bracts 3-4, longer than umbel.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=C. schweinfurthianus= Boeck.

Tall scabrous herb; stems 1-3 fl. long, 3-angled. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Umbel irregular, simple or compound primary rays up to 12 in. long; bracts few to many, according to number of rays equalling or overtopping the umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets 3-9 per spike, 1 in. long, 20 fld., straw-coloured, compressed; wings of rhachilla oblong, deciduous; glumes distant, apiculate; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, black.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. elatior= Boeck.

Stem 30 in. high, stout, smooth. Umbel compound; rays up to 10 in. high; spikelets 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., suberect, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. gracilinux= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stems 2 ft. high, 3-angled at top; stolons numerous. Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbel compound, 6-12 in. diam.; bracts overtopping umbel. Spikes loose with 5-11 spikelets, which are ⅔ in. long, compressed, 10-16 fld., whitish; wings of rhachilla elliptic- lanceolate; glumes subobtuse, close; nut 3/5 length of glume.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=C. maculatus= Boeck. SEID—Arab.

Glabrous herb; stems 12-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, bulbous at base. Leaves nearly length of stem. Umbel compound, of 5-11 spikelets, which are ½ in. long, compressed, 20 fld., straw-coloured, usually purple- spotted; rhachilla wings narrow; glumes obtuse, close; styles shorter than nut, branches exserted.

Nubia; Berber Prov. (Mograt Island near Abu Hamad); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).

=C. rotundus= Linn.

Glabrous herb; stems 8-24 in. long, bulbous at base, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound, 1-8 in. diam.; rays long or short; bracts 3-4, overtopping umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets red-brown, ⅔ in. long and 8-30 fld., or 2 in. long and 50-60 fld.; rhachilla wings joining the pointed, closely placed glumes; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, dark brown.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Wadi El Omari, Wadi El Arab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Ben Naga, between Berber & Khartoum); Khartoum Prov. (North); Banks of the Blue Nile (Bunzaga); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Abu Haraza); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

Used in certain dye preparations to impart perfume to the fabric. The rhizomes yield an essential oil which is used as a perfume. The fresh roots are diaphoretic and astringent; they are used for indigestion in children and in fevers.

=var. spadiceus= Boeck.

Stem usually tall, scabrous at top. Spikelets strongly compressed, sometimes darker brown, shining.

Kordofan Prov.

=C. nuerensis= Boeck.

Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizome, 8 in. long; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel compound, 6-8 in. diam. (sometimes reduced to a head); primary rays 3-7; bracts 3-5, 2-6 in. broad; bracts 3-5 overtopping umbel. Spikes loose overtopping umbel. Spikes of 3-5 red-brown to nearly black spikelets, which are 2/5 in. long by 1/12 in., 8-16 fld.; wings of rhachilla ovate- lanceolate; glumes obtuse, reddish-black on sides and 5-nerved, yellow- green on back; otherwise as above sp.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).

=C. Fenzelianus= Steud.

Tall herb; stolons long, thick. Umbel open. Spikelets pale to dusky straw-coloured; otherwise as C. rotundus.

Nubia; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Between Berber & Khartoum: Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kuhn).

=C. radiatus= Vahl.

Glabrous herb; rhizome 0; lateral shoots at base of stem; stem 6-24 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel up to 6-10 in. diam., but often contracted, sometimes into 1 dense head; bracts overtopping infl. Spikes digitate, 1 in. by ab. ½ in., almost sessile; spikelets 1/5-2/5 in. long, narrow, 10-36 fld., compressed, pale to brownish; wings of rhachilla oblong, persistent; glumes apiculate tightly imbricate; sta. 3; nut ½ length of glume; style ½ length of nut, branches short.

Nubia; Dongola; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau River; Bongo: Addai).

=C. exaltatus= Retz.

Stems up to 3-4 ft. high. Some spikes peduncled; spikelets larger, less crowded and more yellowish or reddish, but otherwise as above.

Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun; Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Sagattur); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).

=var. dives= C. B. Clarke.

Umbel rigid. Spikes rigid, dense; ripe spikelets divaricate or reflexed, hard, often shining and yellowish.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=C. Pethericki= C. B. Clarke.

Very tall, stout herb. Umbel large, compound with large cylindric spikes; lowest bract very long, ⅔ in. broad. Spikelets nearly ½ in. long, 36 fld., pale yellowish-brown; glumes thin; otherwise as C. exaltatus.

Mongalla Prov. (Gigging, Mongalla & 7° 25′ N.L.).

=C. digitatus= Roxb.

Glabrous herb; stem 2-6 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-24 in. diam.; lowest bract longer than umbel. Spike 2 by 1 in.; spikelets many, at right angles to spike, ab. ½ in. long, narrow, 20 fld., yellowish-brown; wings of rhachilla caducous, lanceolate, yellow; glumes scarcely mucronate, yellow and brown; sta. 3.; nut ½ length of glume, black; style shorter than nut. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. auricomus= Sieber.

Stem at top almost 3-winged; umbel not very large; otherwise as above.

Blue Nile Prov. (Khor Agalin at Doleib); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghaba Shambé; Bongo: Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

=var. minor= C. B. Clarke.

Slender; umbels small; spikelets slender, red-brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=C. Papyrus= Linn. =var. Antiquorum= C. B. Clarke. BURDI, DIS & BABIRUSA—Arab; BODUMOH—Zande; YELL—Nuer. The Papyrus Plant.

Plant up to 15 ft. high; rhizome woody; stems smooth with basal sheaths only. Leaves up to 1 in. by ⅓ in. on barren shoots. Umbels compound, up to 3 ft. diam.; primary rays up 30, up to 1 ft. long; bracts up to 7 in. long, reddish. Spikelets numerous sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed; bracts of secondary umbel 3, green, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes ab. 1 in. by ½ in. with 12-30 spreading spikelets; spikelets ⅓ long, brown; glumes ovate-oblong with a green median line; rhachilla wings yellow deciduous late; sta. 3; style length of nut; branches rather short; nut ½-3/5 length of glume, black.

White Nile and affluents; Bahr El Ghazal and affluents.

The slices of the stem, pressed together, were used by the ancient Egyptians as a writing material. Attempts have been made of recent years to utilise the plant for paper making and for fuel.

=C. cephalotes= Vahl.

Stolons slender; stem 6-10 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves longer or shorter than stem. Head globose, ½ diam.; bracts 3-4; spikelets numerous, sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed, 20-30 fld.; rhachilla not winged; glumes cuspidate, imbricate, red-brown; sta. 2-3; nut oblong, narrowed into a long beak, style jointed on beak of nut, slender, entire or 2-3 toothed.

Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

828 =Mariscus[6] coloratus= Nees. =var. macrocephala= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stolons 0; stems 6-14 in. long, 3-angled at top, thickened at base by brownish leaf sheaths. Leaves up to length of stem, weak. Spikes 5-6, large, in one head; bracts 3-4, spreading, lowest 3-7 in. long; spikelets ovate or lanc., acute, 2-6 fld., straw-coloured; glumes subacute, 13-15 ribbed, margins running into the elliptic wings of rhachilla; style shorter than nut, branches longish; nut ½ length of glume, black; sta. 2-3.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=M. djurensis= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stolons numerous, 1-2 in. long, red-scaly; stems approximate, 4-12 in. long, slender, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to length of stem, weak. Head 1, ovoid, ⅓ in. diam., whitish; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 2-6 fld.; glumes distant, ovate, 11-13 ribbed, with small red glands; nut ½-2/5 length of glume, black; style ab. same length.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=M. macropus= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, much thickened at base by fibrous remnants of sheaths, tufted. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stems, long-bristly at tips. Head 1, ovoid, ½ in. diam., dirty-white; bracts 3, lowest 1-2 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 8-10 fld., producing 6-8 nuts; glumes obscurely 7-11 ribbed; nut ½-⅔ length of glume; style same length.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas).

=M. leptophyllus= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stems approximate, thickened at base by withering leaf- sheaths, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, weak. Infl. umbellate; rays 2-3, ¼-1½ in. long, each with 1-3 spikes; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, white to brown, ripening 6-8 nuts; glumes obtuse, 7-ribbed, distant; nut ½-⅔ length of glume, brown; style shorter, branches exserted.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).

=M. mollipes= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous herb; stems thickened at base by fibrous torn leaf-sheaths, 3-angled at top, 4-6 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Head of 1 spike, ovoid, pale straw-coloured; bracts 3-4, lowest up to 3 in. long. Spikelets ⅛ in. long, ripening 1 nut only; glumes ovate, acuminate, obscurely 5-7 ribbed; nut line.-obl., ½ length of glume, black; style shorter; branches long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Mayob).

=M. Sieberianus= Nees.

Glabrous herb; stems 12-30 in. long, 3-angled at top, thickened at base by green to red leaf-sheaths, approximate. Leaves up to ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple, 1-5 in. diam.; rays 5-12 up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-10, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikes solitary, ab. 1 in. by ¼ in., cylindric; bracts to spike 0; spikelets numerous, spreading or deflexed below, lin.-lanc., bearing 1 or 2 nuts; lowest flower-glume twice as long as upper empty glume, ovate-ob., obtuse, 7-11 ribbed; style ½ length of nut; branches length of nut; nut ⅔ length of glume.

Mongalla Prov. (Lado District & Bor).

=M. umbellatus= Vahl.

Some of rays of umbel many times longer than spikes, which are ½ by ⅙ in.; spikelets small, denser and more rigid than in above sp. and in fruit all strongly deflexed; nut almost ellipsoid; otherwise as above.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

The rhizomes are edible.

=M. sublimis= C. B. Clarke.

Umbel simple; rays 7-10, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes up to ¾ by ¼ in., dense, pale grey; ripe spikelets appressed, obliquely erect. Nut 1 only per spikelet, ellipsoid; otherwise as M. Sieberianus.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=M. macrocarpus= Kunth.

Spikes ovoid, ab. ½ in. wide, subsessile or shortly peduncled. Ripe spikelets with 2-3 nuts; lowest empty glume mucronate. Nut ¾ length of glume, broadly oblong; otherwise as large forms of M. Sieberianus.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

(ii) Empty glumes at base of spikelet 0-2; fertile glumes usually numerous, spirally arranged with few exceptions (nearly distichous in some spp. of Fimbristylis); hypogynous scales or bristles 0-7; infl. umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite; stem naked (except Fuirena).

829 =Eleocharis fistulosa= Schultes.

Glabrous herb; stolons long; stems 1-3 ft. long, sharply 3-angled at top, leafless. Infl. of 1 terminal spikelet, 1-1¼ by 1/6-1/5 in., straw- coloured to brown; fertile glumes numerous, obovate, obtuse; sta. 1-3; hypogynous bristles 6, as long as nut, retrorse, rusty-red; style 2-3-fid, base enlarged, distinct from nut which is ½ length of glume, straw-coloured, marked like a grill (cancellate).

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=E. atropurpurea= Kunth.

Leafless glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-6 in. long, slender. Spikelet 1, ovoid, ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish-red; glumes obtuse, caducous; hypog. bristles 7, white, ½-¾ length of nut, retrorse, sometimes short or reduced to a minute cup; style branches 2, ½-⅔ length of glume, black.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=E. chætaria= Roem. & Schultes.

Glabrous leafless herb; stems tufted 1-6 in. long. Spikelets 1-2, ⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, pallid or reddish, maturing 1-5 nuts; hypog. bristles 6, retrorse, length of nut, sometimes fewer; sta. 2-3; styles 3-fid; nut obovoid white, cancellate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=E. complanata= C. B. Clarke.

Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 6-9 in. long, flattened. Spikelet ab. ⅙ in. long, cylindric, green marked with red, densely fld.; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 0; style 3-fid; nut ½ length of glume, white; style base bulbous, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

=E. microcarpa= Torrey.

Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 4-8 in. long.—Spikelet ⅙-¼ in. long, 10-20 fld., pale brown-green; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 3-5, ⅓-⅔ length of nut, retrorse, white; style 3-fid; nut hardly ½ length of glume, brownish.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

830 =Fimbristylis squarrosa= Vahl.

Annual; stems tufted, 2-7 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem. Umbel usually compound, sometimes reduced to 2 spikelets to a stem; bracts 3-4 ab. as long as umbel; spikelets solitary up to ¼ by 1/12 in.; fl. dense, straw-coloured; glumes 3-5 nerved ending in recurved bristle; sta. usually 2, style 2-fid, hairy below bifurcation and round base of style; hypog. bristles 0 in this genus; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex.

White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Majob & Wau).

=F. dichotoma= Vahl.

Pubescent or puberulous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel compound; bracts 3-4 as long as umbel. Spikelets many, solitary, ¼ in. long, obscurely polygonal; fertile glumes in many spirals, rust-coloured, ovate acute, greenish or yellowish keeled; style 2-fid, flattened, pubescent on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, 5-9 ribbed, white.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov. (Tuti Island); Fung Prov. (Abdin); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).

=F. diphylla= Vahl.

Annual, glabrous to pubescent; stems tufted, 4-28 in. long. Leaves ⅓-⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound of usually many spikelets; bracts 3-4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, ¼-½ in. long, terete, straw- coloured, rusty brown, or variegated; fertile glumes hardly keeled, often ciliate; style 2-fid, dilated at base, flattened, villous on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, whitish.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit; Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=F. ferruginea= Vahl.

Herb, frequently biennial; stems tufted, 8-28 in. long. Leaves from ⅓ length of stem to almost absent, hairy or glabrous. Umbel simple or slightly compound, of usually 5-10 spikelets; bracts shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, 2/5 in. long, ovoid oblong, dense, rust-coloured, more or less variegated with red-brown or green; glumes ovate, upper part of back grey-puberulous. Style 2-fid, longer than nut, flattened; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex, pale yellow to brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=F. exilis= Roem. & Schultes.

Hairy annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves ⅓-½ length of stem. Umbel of 3-14 pedicelled spikelets; bracts 3-4, as long as umbel. Spikelets ¼-⅓ in. long, 10-12 fld., pale rusty and chestnut; glumes ovate, acute, pubescent, keeled and mucronate; sta. 2-3; style slightly shorter than nut, 3-fid, base dilated with a constriction; nut ab. ½ length of glume, 3-angled, transversely wrinkled, white to pale brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=F. cioniana= P. Savi.

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