Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements) (part 3 of 6)

Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements) (part 3 of 6)

SUM, sum, n. the amount of two or more things taken together: the whole of anything: a quantity of money: a problem in arithmetic: chief points: substance or result of reasoning: summary: height: completion.--v.t. to collect into one amount or whole: to count: to bring into a few words:--pr.p. sum'ming; pa.t. and pa.p. summed.--adj. SUM'LESS, not to be summed or counted: incalculable.--ns. SUM'MER, one who sums; SUM'MING, the act of one who sums, arithmetic; SUM'MING-UP, a recapitulation or review of the leading points, a judge's summary survey of the evidence given to a jury before it withdraws to consider its verdict; SUM'MIST, one who makes a summary, esp. a theological compendium. [Fr.,--L. summa--summus, supremus, highest, superl. of superus, on high--super, above.]

SUMAC, SUMACH, s[=u]'mak, n. a genus of small trees and shrubs of the natural order Anacardiaceæ--the leaves of some species used in dyeing. [Fr. sumac--Sp. zumaque--Ar. summ[=a]q.]

SUMERIAN, s[=u]-m[=e]'ri-an, adj. pertaining to Sumir, one of the two divisions of ancient Babylonia.

SUMMARY, sum'a-ri, adj. summed up or condensed: short: brief: compendious: done by a short method.--n. an abstract, abridgment, or compendium.--adv. SUMM'ARILY.--n. SUMM'ARINESS.--v.t. SUMM'ARISE, to present in a summary or briefly.--ns. SUMM'ARIST; one who summarises; SUMM'[=U]LA, a brief educational text-book.--SUMMARY DILIGENCE (Scots law), the process by which execution may proceed without the need of further application to the court, in the case of bonds and other instruments registered for execution.

SUMMATION, sum-[=a]'shun, n. act of summing or forming a total amount: an aggregate.--adjs. SUMM[=A]'TIONAL, SUMM'ATIVE.

SUMMER, sum'[.e]r, n. the second and warmest season of the year--June, July, August.--v.i. to pass the summer.--v.t. to keep through the summer.--adj. SUMM'ER-DRIED, dried by the heat of summer.--n. SUMM'ER-DUCK, a beautiful North American duck.--adj. SUMM'ER-FALL'OW, lying fallow during the summer.--ns. SUMM'ER-HOUSE, a house in a garden used in summer: a summer residence; SUMM'ERING, a kind of early apple.--adv. SUMM'ER-LIKE.--adj. SUMM'ERLY, warm and bright like summer.--ns. SUMM'ER-SHINE, the summer colour of a bird, insect, &c.; SUMM'ER-TIDE, SUMM'ER-TIME, the summer season.--adj. SUMM'ERY, like summer.--INDIAN SUMMER (see INDIAN); ST LUKE'S, ST MARTIN'S, SUMMER (see SAINT). [A.S. sumer, sumor; Dut. zomer, Ger. sommer.]

SUMMER, sum'[.e]r, n. the first stone laid over columns or pilasters to form a cross vault: the central beam of a floor which receives the joists: any large piece of timber supported on two strong piers or posts, and serving as a lintel to a door, window, &c.; (obs.) a pack-horse, a sumpter-horse. [Sumpter.]

SUMMERSET. Same as SOMERSAULT.

SUMMIT, sum'it, n. the highest point or degree: the top.--adj. SUMM'ITLESS, having no summit or top.--n. SUMM'IT-LEV'EL, the highest level. [O. Fr. som, the top of a hill--L. summum, highest.]

SUMMON, sum'un, v.t. to call with authority: to command to appear, esp. in court: to rouse to exertion.--ns. SUMM'ONER; SUMM'ONS, a summoning or an authoritative call: a call to appear, esp. in court: a call to surrender.--v.t. to serve with a summons. [O. Fr. somoner--L. summon[=e]re--sub, secretly, mon[=e]re, to warn.]

SUMP, sump, n. a round pit of stone lined with clay, for receiving metal on its first fusion or reduction: the reservoir at the lowest point of a mine, from which the water is pumped: (prov.) a bog, a puddle. [Dut. somp; Ger. sumpf.]

SUMPH, sumf, n. (prov.) a blockhead, a soft sheepish fellow.--adj. SUMPH'ISH.--n. SUMPH'ISHNESS.

SUMPIT, sum'pit, n. the poisoned arrow thrown from the SUM'PITAN, or Malay blow-gun.

SUMPSIMUS, sump'si-mus, n. a correct expression displacing an incorrect but common one (see MUMPSIMUS). [L., 1st pers. pl. perf. indic. of sum[)e]re, to take.]

SUMPTER, sump't[.e]r, n. a horse for carrying burdens. [With inserted p from O. Fr. somier--Low L. sagmarius--Gr. sagma, a pack-saddle--Gr. sattein, to pack.]

SUMPTUARY, sumpt'[=u]-ar-i, adj. pertaining to or regulating expense, as in SUMPTUARY LAWS, which sought to prevent extravagance in banquets, dress, &c. [L. sumptuarius--sum[)e]re, sumptum, to take, contr. of sub, up, em[)e]re, to buy.]

SUMPTUOUS, sumpt'[=u]-us, adj. costly: magnificent.--ns. SUMPT[=U]OS'ITY, SUMPT'[=U]OUSNESS.--adv. SUMPT'[=U]OUSLY. [L. sumptuosus, costly--sumptus, cost.]

SUN, sun, n. the body which is the source of light and heat to our planetary system: a body which forms the centre of a system of orbs: that which resembles the sun in brightness or value: the sunshine: a revolution of the earth round the sun, a year: sunrise, day: (her.) a bearing representing the sun.--v.t. to expose to the sun's rays.--v.i. to become warm in the sunshine:--pr.p. sun'ning; pa.t. and pa.p. sunned.--n. SUN'BEAM, a beam or ray of the sun.--adjs. SUN'-BEAT, -EN, smitten by the rays of the sun.--ns. SUN'-BIRD, a family of small tropical birds, the male with resplendent metallic plumage; SUN'-BITT'ERN, a South American bird about the size of a small curlew, long-legged and long-necked, with brilliant many-coloured markings; SUN'-BONN'ET, a light bonnet projecting beyond the face to protect from the sun; SUN'BOW, an iris formed by the sun, esp. in the spray of a cataract; SUN'BURN, a burning or scorching by the sun, esp. the browning of the skin of the face, hands, &c. exposed to the sun.--adjs. SUN'BURNED, SUN'BURNT, burned or discoloured by the sun.--n. SUN'BURST, a strong outburst of sunlight.--adj. SUN'-CLAD, clothed in radiant light.--ns. SUN'-CRACK, one of the superficial markings frequently seen on the surfaces of thin-bedded flagstones and argillaceous sandstones; SUN'DAWN, the light of the dawning sun; SUN'DEW, a plant of the genus Drosera, found in bogs and moist heathy ground; SUN'-D[=I]'AL, an instrument for measuring time by means of the motion of the sun's shadow cast by a style erected on its surface; SUN'-DOG, a mock sun or parhelion; SUN'DOWN, sunset: a hat with a wide brim to shade the eyes; SUN'DOWNER, in Australia, a loafer who saunters from station to station in the interior, arriving about sundown in the hope of getting free rations and lodging for the night: a physician in government employment who practises for private fees after his official hours.--adj. SUN'-DRIED, dried by exposure to the sun.--ns. SUN'-FISH, a fish whose body resembles the forepart of a larger fish cut short off, supposed to be so called from its nearly circular form; SUN'FLOWER, a plant so called from its flower, which is a large disc with yellow rays; SUN'GOD, the sun considered as a deity; SUN'HAT, a light hat with wide brim to shade the face from the sun.--adj. SUN'LESS, without the sun: deprived of the sun or its rays: shaded: dark.--ns. SUN'LESSNESS; SUN'LIGHT, the light of the sun.--adjs. SUN'LIKE, like the sun; SUN'LIT, lighted up by the sun.--n. SUN'-MYTH, a solar myth (see SOLAR).--p.adj. SUNNED, exposed to the sun.--n. SUN'NINESS.--adj. SUN'NY, pertaining to, coming from, or like the sun: exposed to, warmed, or coloured by the sun's rays.--ns. SUN'-PICT'URE, -PRINT, a photograph; SUN'RISE, SUN'RISING, the rising or first appearance of the sun above the horizon: the time of this rising: the east; SUN'SET, SUN'SETTING, the setting or going down of the sun: the west; SUN'SHADE, a ladies' parasol: an awning; SUN'SHINE, the shining light of the sun: the place on which it shines: warmth.--adjs. SUN'SHINE, SUN'SHINY, bright with sunshine: pleasant: bright like the sun; SUN'-SMITT'EN, smitten by the rays of the sun.--ns. SUN'SPOT, one of the dark irregular spots appearing on the surface of the sun; SUN'STONE, aventurine feldspar.--adj. SUN'-STRICK'EN.--n. SUN'STROKE, a nervous disease, from exposure to the sun.--adv. SUN'WARD, toward the sun.--ns. SUN'-WOR'SHIP, adoration of the sun; SUN'-WOR'SHIPPER.--BE IN THE SUNSHINE, HAVE THE SUN IN ONE'S EYES, to be in liquor, to be drunk; TAKE THE SUN, to ascertain the latitude from the sun; UNDER THE SUN, in the world, on earth. [A.S. sunne; Ice. sunna, Ger. sunne.]

SUNDARI, sun'da-ri, n. a tree abundant in Burma and Borneo, with dark durable timber.--Also SUN'DRA-TREE, SUN'DER-TREE.

SUNDAY, sun'd[=a], n. the first day of the week, so called because anciently dedicated to the sun or its worship.--ns. SUN'DAY-BEST, one's best clothes; SUN'DAY-SAINT, one whose religion is confined to Sundays; SUN'DAY-SCHOOL, a school for religious instruction for children, held on Sunday. [A.S. sunnan dæg; Ger. sonntag.]

SUNDER, sun'd[.e]r, v.t. to separate: to divide.--ns. SUN'DERANCE; SUN'DERMENT.--IN SUNDER (B.), asunder. [A.S. syndrian, to separate--sundor, separate; Ice. sundr, asunder.]

SUNDRY, sun'dri, adj. separate: more than one or two: several: divers.--n.pl. SUN'DRIES, sundry things: different small things.--ALL AND SUNDRY, all collectively and individually.

SUNG, sung, pa.t. and pa.p. of sing.

SUNK, sungk, SUNKEN, sungk'n, pa.p. of sink.

SUNKET, sung'ket, n. (Scot.) a dainty.

SUNN, sun, n. an Indian leguminous plant cultivated for the fibre of its bark. [Hind. san.]

SUNNITE, sun'[=i]t, n. the name commonly given to orthodox Muslims, because in their rule of faith and manners the Sunna, or traditional teaching of the prophet, is added to the Koran.--Also SONN'ITE.

SUP, sup, v.t. to take into the mouth, as a liquid: (Scot.) to eat with a spoon.--v.i. to eat the evening meal: (B.) to sip:--pr.p. sup'ping; pa.t. and pa.p. supped.--n. a small mouthful, as of a liquid. [A.S. súpan; Ice. súpa, Ger. saufen, to drink.]

SUPAWN, su-pan', n. mush, or Indian meal boiled in water, eaten with milk.--Also SUPPAWN', SEPAWN', SEPON'. [Amer. Ind.]

SUPE, s[=u]p, n. (U.S.) a theatrical super: a toady.

SUPER, s[=u]'p[.e]r, n. a supernumerary actor.

SUPERABLE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-a-bl, adj. capable of being overcome.--n. S[=U]'PERABLENESS.--adv. S[=U]'PERABLY.

SUPERABUNDANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ab-und'ant, adj. abundant to excess: more than enough: copious.--v.i. SUPERABOUND', to abound exceedingly: to be more than enough.--n. SUPERABUND'ANCE.--adv. SUPERABUND'ANTLY.

SUPERACIDULATED, s[=u]-p[.e]r-a-sid'[=u]-l[=a]-ted, adj. acidulated to excess.

SUPERADD, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ad', v.t. to add over and above.--n. SUPERADDI'TION.

SUPERALTAR, s[=u]'p[.e]r-awlt-ar, n. a small slab of stone used as a portable altar, to be laid on the top of an unconsecrated altar.

SUPERANGELIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-an-jel'ik, adj. more than angelic.

SUPERANNUATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-an'[=u]-[=a]t, v.t. to impair or disqualify by living beyond the years of service or by old age: to pension on account of old age or infirmity.--v.i. to become incapacitated by long service.--n. SUPERANNU[=A]'TION, state of being superannuated: the allowance granted in consideration of such. [L. super, above, annus, a year.]

SUPERATION, s[=u]-pe-r[=a]'shun, n. the apparent passing of one planet by another in longitude: the act of surmounting.

SUPERB, s[=u]-p[.e]rb', adj. proud: magnificent: stately: elegant: showy: (coll.) first-class, very good.--adv. SUPERB'LY.--n. SUPERB'NESS, the state of being superb. [L. superbus, proud--super, above.]

SUPERCALENDERED, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kal'en-derd, adj. denoting paper of a very high degree of polish due to several courses of rolling.

SUPERCALLOSAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ka-l[=o]'sal, adj. lying above the corpus callosum, specifying a fissure or sulcus of the median aspect of the cerebrum.

SUPERCANOPY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kan'[=o]-pi, n. an upper arch or gable above a lesser or lower one.

SUPERCARGO, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kär'go, n. a person in a merchant-ship placed in charge of the cargo and superintending all the commercial transactions of the voyage.--n. SUPERCAR'GOSHIP.

SUPERCELESTIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sel-est'yal, adj. situated above the firmament or vault of heaven.

SUPERCHARGE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-chärj, n. (her.) a charge borne upon an ordinary or other charge.

SUPERCILIOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sil'i-us, adj. lofty with pride: disdainful: dictatorial: overbearing.--adj. SUPERCIL'IARY, above the eyebrow.--adv. SUPERCIL'IOUSLY.--n. SUPERCIL'IOUSNESS. [L. superciliosus--supercilium, an eyebrow--super, above, cilium, eyelid.]

SUPERCRETACEOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r-kr[=e]-t[=a]'shus, adj. (geol.) lying above the chalk.

SUPERDAINTY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-d[=a]n'ti, adj. (Shak.) over-dainty.

SUPERDOMINANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-dom'i-nant, n. (mus.) the tone just above the dominant, the sixth or submediant.

SUPEREMINENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-em'i-nent, adj. eminent in a superior degree: excellent beyond others.--n. SUPEREM'INENCE.--adv. SUPEREM'INENTLY.

SUPEREROGATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-er-[=o]-g[=a]'shun, n. doing more than duty requires or is necessary for salvation, hence anything superfluous or uncalled for.--adjs. SUPEREROG'ATIVE, SUPEREROG'ATORY (SUPERER'OGANT).--WORKS OF SUPEREROGATION (R.C.), works not absolutely required of each individual for salvation, but which may be done for the sake of greater perfection--affording the church a store of surplus merit, to eke out the deficient merit of others. [L. super, above, erog[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to pay out.]

SUPERESSENTIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-e-sen'shal, adj. transcending mere being and essence.

SUPEREXALT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-egz-awlt', v.t. to exalt to a superior degree.--n. SUPEREXALT[=A]'TION.

SUPEREXCELLENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ek'sel-lent, adj. excellent above others, or in an uncommon degree.--n. SUPEREX'CELLENCE.

SUPERFAMILY, s[=u]'p[.e]r-fam-i-li, n. a group in classification between a suborder and a family, a group of families.

SUPERFECUNDATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fek-un-d[=a]'shun, n. the impregnation of two or more ova at the same stage of development by different acts of coition.

SUPERFICIES, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fish'y[=e]z, n. the upper face or surface: the outer face or part of a thing.--adj. SUPERFI'CIAL, pertaining to, or being on, the surface: shallow: slight: containing only what is apparent and simple: not learned.--v.t. SUPERFI'CIALISE, to treat superficially.--n. SUPERFI'CIALIST, a person of merely superficial knowledge.--adv. SUPERFI'CIALLY.--ns. SUPERFI'CIALNESS, SUPERFICIAL'ITY; SUPERFI'CIARY, one possessing a right to what stands on the surface of the lands of another.--adj. belonging to the surface: situated on another's land. [L. super, above, facies, face.]

SUPERFINE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-f[=i]n, adj. fine above others: finer than ordinary.--n. S[=U]'PERFINENESS.--adj. SUPERFIN'ICAL, very finical.

SUPERFLUOUS, s[=u]-p[.e]r'fl[=oo]-us, adj. more than enough: unnecessary or useless.--n. SUPERFL[=U]'ITY, a superfluous quantity or more than enough: state of being superfluous: superabundance.--adv. SUPER'FLUOUSLY.--ns. SUPER'FLUOUSNESS, superfluity; S[=U]'PERFLUX (Shak.), any superfluity. [L. superfluus--super, above, flu[)e]re, to flow.]

SUPERFOETATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-f[=e]-t[=a]'shun, n. the circumstance of two distinct conceptions occurring in the same woman at a considerable interval so that two foetuses of different ages--the offspring possibly of different fathers--may coexist in the uterus--also SUPERFET[=A]'TION.--vs.i. SUPERFOE'TATE, SUPERF[=E]'TATE, to conceive after a prior conception.

SUPERFRONTAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fron'tal, adj. pertaining to the upper part of the frontal lobe of the brain.--n. a covering for the top of the altar, generally hanging down all round, and fringed.

SUPERFUNCTION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fungk'shun, n. action of some organ in excess of what is normal.--adj. SUPERFUNC'TIONAL.

SUPERFUSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-f[=u]z', v.t. to pour over something else.

SUPERHEAT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=e]t', v.t. to heat to excess.--n. SUPERHEAT'ER.

SUPERHUMAN, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=u]'man, adj. above what is human: divine.--n. SUPERHUMAN'ITY.--adv. SUPERH[=U]'MANLY.

SUPERHUMERAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-h[=u]'me-ral, n. anything carried on the shoulders: the amice: the pallium: a Jewish ephod.

SUPERIMPOSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-im-p[=o]z', v.t. to impose or lay above: (geol.) to establish a structural system over, independently of underlying structures.--n. SUPERIMPOSI'TION, the act of superimposing: state of being superimposed.

SUPERINCUMBENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-kum'bent, adj. lying above.--ns. SUPERINCUM'BENCE, SUPERINCUM'BENCY.

SUPERINDUCE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-d[=u]s', v.t. to bring in over and above something else, to superadd.--ns. SUPERINDUC'TION, SUPERINDUCE'MENT.

SUPERINENARRABLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-[=e]-nar'a-bl, adj. in the highest degree incapable of being described.

SUPERINTEND, s[=u]-p[.e]r-in-tend', v.t. to have the oversight or charge of: to control, manage.--v.i. to exercise supervision.--ns. SUPERINTEN'DENCE, SUPERINTEN'DENCY, oversight: direction: management.--adj. SUPERINTEN'DENT, superintending.--n. one who superintends: the head of a Sunday-school: in some Protestant churches a clergyman having the oversight of the clergy of a district: overseer.--n. SUPERINTEN'DENTSHIP.

SUPERIOR, s[=u]-p[=e]'ri-or, adj. upper: higher in place, rank, or excellence: surpassing others: beyond the influence of: of wider application, generic: (print.) set above the level of the line.--n. one superior to others: the chief of a monastery, &c., and of certain churches and colleges: (Scots law) one who has made an original grant of heritable property to a tenant or vassal, on condition of a certain annual payment (feu-duty) or of the performance of certain services.--ns. SUP[=E]'RIORESS, a female superior or chief in a convent, nunnery, &c.; SUPERIOR'ITY, quality or state of being superior: pre-eminence: advantage: (Scots law) the right which the superior enjoys in the land held by the vassal.--adv. SUP[=E]'RIORLY, in a superior manner.--SUPERIOR PLANETS, those more distant from the sun than the earth. [L., comp. of superus, high--super, above.]

SUPERJACENT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-j[=a]'sent, adj. lying above or upon.

SUPERLATIVE, s[=u]-p[.e]r'la-tiv, adj. raised above others or to the highest degree: superior to all others: most eminent: (gram.) expressing the highest degree of a quality.--n. (gram.) the superlative or highest degree of adjectives and adverbs: any word or phrase full of exaggeration.--adv. SUPER'LATIVELY.--n. SUPER'LATIVENESS, state of being superlative or in the highest degree. [L. superlativus--superlatus, pa.p. of superferre--super, above, ferre, to carry.]

SUPERLUNAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-l[=u]'nar, adj. above the moon: not of this world.--Also SUPERL[=U]'NARY.

SUPERMEDIAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-m[=e]'di-al, adj. being above the middle.

SUPERMUNDANE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-mun'd[=a]n, adj. above the world.

SUPERNACULAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nak'[=u]-lar, adj. very choice, of liquor.--n. SUPERNAC'[=U]LUM, wine fit to be drunk to the last drop with no heeltaps, anything very choice.--adv. to the last drop.

SUPERNAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r'nal, adj. that is above or in a higher place or region: relating to things above: celestial. [L. supernus--super, above.]

SUPERNATANT, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=a]'tant, adj. floating on the surface.--n. SUPERNAT[=A]'TION. [L. supernat[=a]re--super, above, nat[=a]re, to swim.]

SUPERNATIONAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nash'un-al, adj. transcending the national, and belonging to mankind.--n. SUPERNA'TIONALISM.

SUPERNATURAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-nat'[=u]-ral, adj. above or beyond the powers of nature: not according to the usual course of nature: miraculous: spiritual.--v.t. SUPERNAT'URALISE, to bring into the supernatural sphere.--ns. SUPERNAT'URALISM, the belief in the influence of the supernatural in the world; SUPERNAT'URALIST, a believer in the supernatural.--adj. of or pertaining to the supernatural.--adj. SUPERNATURALIST'IC.--adv. SUPERNAT'URALLY.--n. SUPERNAT'URALNESS.

SUPERNUMERARY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=u]m'[.e]r-ar-i, adj. over and above the number stated, or which is usual or necessary.--n. a person or thing beyond the usual, necessary, or stated number: one who appears on the stage without a speaking part. [L. supernumerarius--super, over, numerus, a number.]

SUPERNUTRITION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-n[=u]-trish'un, n. excessive nutrition.

SUPEROCCIPITAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ok-sip'e-tal, adj. pertaining to the upper part of the occipital lobe of the brain.

SUPEROCTAVE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-ok-t[=a]v, n. (mus.) a coupler in the organ by means of which is sounded an octave higher than the one struck: an organ-stop two octaves above the principal.

SUPEROLATERAL, s[=u]-pe-r[=o]-lat'[.e]r-al, adj. situated above and at the side.

SUPERORDER, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or'd[.e]r, n. a group in the classifications of natural history above the order but below the class.--adj. SUPEROR'DINAL.

SUPERORDINARY, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or'di-n[=a]-ri, adj. above the ordinary.

SUPERORDINATION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or-di-n[=a]'shun, n. the ordination of a successor by an ecclesiastic: (logic) the relation of a universal proposition to a particular proposition in the same terms.--adj. SUPEROR'DINATE.

SUPERORGANIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-or-gan'ik, adj. not dependent on organisation, psychical, spiritual: social.

SUPERPARASITISM, s[=u]-p[.e]r-par'a-s[=i]t-izm, n. the infestation of parasites by other parasites.--n. S[=U]'PERPARASITE, the parasite of a parasite.--adj. SUPERPARASIT'IC.

SUPERPHOSPHATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fos'f[=a]t, n. a phosphate containing the greatest amount of phosphoric acid that can combine with the base.

SUPERPHYSICAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-fiz'i-kal, adj. superorganic, psychical.

SUPERPOSE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-p[=o]z', v.t. to place over or upon.--adjs. SUPERP[=O]'SABLE; SUPERPOSED'.--n. SUPERPOSI'TION, act of superposing: state of being superposed: that which is above anything.

SUPERPRAISE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-pr[=a]z', v.t. (Shak.) to praise excessively.

SUPER-ROYAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-roi'al, adj. larger than royal, denoting a size of paper, 19¼ × 27½ in. for writing and drawing paper, 20½ × 27½ in. for printing-paper.

SUPERSACRAL, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=a]'kral, adj. situated on or over the sacrum.

SUPERSALT, s[=u]'p[.e]r-sawlt, n. a salt having a greater number of equivalents of acid than base.

SUPERSATURATE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sat'[=u]-r[=a]t, v.t. to saturate beyond the normal point.--n. SUPERSATUR[=A]'TION.

SUPERSCRIBE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-skr[=i]b', v.t. to write or engrave over, on the outside or top: to write the name on the outside or cover of.--ns. S[=U]'PERSCRIPT, SUPERSCRIP'TION, act of superscribing: that which is written or engraved above or on the outside. [L. super, above, scrib[)e]re, scriptum, to write.]

SUPERSEDE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=e]d', v.t. to take the place of another by reason of superior right, power, &c.: to make useless by superior power: to come in the room of, to replace: to displace, set aside, render unnecessary.--ns. SUPERS[=E]'DEAS, a writ to stay proceedings, or to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases; SUPERS[=E]'DENCE, SUPERS[=E]'DURE, SUPERSES'SION, a setting aside, the act of superseding; SUPERSED[=E]'RE (Scots law), a private agreement among creditors, under a trust-deed, to supersede or sist diligence for a certain period: an order of court granting protection to a debtor. [L. super, above, sed[=e]re, sessum, to sit.]

SUPERSENSIBLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sen'si-bl, adj. above the range of the senses, spiritual.--adv. SUPERSEN'SIBLY.--adj. SUPERSEN'SITIVE, excessively sensitive.--n. SUPERSEN'SITIVENESS.--adjs. SUPERSEN'SORY, SUPERSEN'SUAL, beyond the senses.

SUPERSERVICEABLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[.e]rv'is-a-bl, adj. (Shak.) doing more than required, over-officious.

SUPERSOLAR, s[=u]-p[.e]r-s[=o]'lar, adj. above the sun.

SUPERSTITION, s[=u]-p[.e]r-stish'un, n. excessive reverence or fear, based on ignorance: excessive exactness in religious opinions or practice: false worship or religion: an ignorant and irrational belief in supernatural agency, omens, divination, sorcery, &c.: belief in what is absurd, without evidence: rites or practices proceeding from superstitious belief or fear: over-nicety, exactness too scrupulous or morbid.--adj. SUPERSTI'TIOUS, pertaining to, or proceeding from, superstition: over-exact.--adv. SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY.--n. SUPERSTI'TIOUSNESS. [L. superstitio, excessive religious belief--super, over, above, statum, sist[)e]re--st[=a]re, to stand.]

SUPERSTRATUM, s[=u]-p[.e]r-str[=a]'tum, n. a stratum or layer situated above another.

SUPERSTRUCTURE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-strukt'[=u]r, n. a structure above or on something else: anything erected on a foundation--also SUPERSTRUC'TION.--adjs. SUPERSTRUCT'IVE, SUPERSTRUCT'[=U]RAL.

SUPERSUBTLE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-sut'l, adj. over-subtle.--adj. SUPERSUBT'ILISED, subtilised or refined to excess.--n. SUPERSUBT'LETY, excessive subtlety, over-nicety.

SUPERTONIC, s[=u]-p[.e]r-ton'ik, n. (mus.) the tone in a scale next above the tonic or keynote.

SUPERVENE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-v[=e]n', v.i. to come in addition, or closely after: to occur, take place.--adj. SUPERV[=E]'NIENT, coming above, as something additional.--n. SUPERVEN'TION, act of supervening or taking place. [L. super, above, ven[=i]re, ventum, come.]

SUPERVISE, s[=u]-p[.e]r-v[=i]z', v.i. to oversee: to superintend.--ns. SUPERV[=I]'SAL, SUPERVI'SION, act of supervising: inspection: control; SUPERV[=I]'SOR, one who supervises: an overseer: an inspector: (Shak.) a spectator.--adjs. SUPERV[=I]'SORY, pertaining to, or having, supervision; SUPERVIS'[=U]AL, beyond the ordinary visual powers. [L. super, over, vid[=e]re, visum, to see.]

SUPERVOLUTE, s[=u]'p[.e]r-vol-[=u]t, adj. (bot.) having a plaited or convolute arrangement in the bud.

SUPINE, s[=u]-p[=i]n', adj. lying on the back: leaning backward, inclined, sloping: negligent: indolent.--v.t. S[=U]'PIN[=A]TE, to bring the palm upward.--ns. S[=U]PIN[=A]'TION, the state of being supine: the act of lying or being laid with the face upward: the act of turning the palm of the hand upward: the hand so turned; S[=U]PIN[=A]'TOR, that which produces supination: a muscle that turns the palm upward; S[=U]'PINE, one of two parts of the Latin verb, really verbal nouns, ending in tum and tu, called the first and second supine respectively.--adv. S[=U]PINE'LY.--n. S[=U]PINE'NESS. [L. supinus--sub, under.]

SUPPEDANEUM, sup-[=e]-d[=a]'n[=e]-um, n. a foot-rest on a cross or crucifix.--adj. SUPPED[=A]'NEOUS, being under the feet. [L. sub, under, pes, pedis, the foot.]

SUPPEDITATE, sup-ed'i-t[=a]t, v.t. to supply, furnish.--n. SUPPEDIT[=A]'TION, supply. [L. suppedit[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to supply--suppet[)e]re, to be in store--sub, under, pet[)e]re, to seek.]

SUPPER, sup'[.e]r, n. a meal taken at the close of the day.--adj. SUPP'ERLESS, without supper.--ns. SUPP'ING, the act of one who sups: that which is supped; LORD'S'-SUPP'ER (see LORD). [O. Fr. soper (Fr. souper)--from Low Ger. supen, to sup.]

SUPPLANT, sup-plant', v.t. to displace by stratagem: to take the place of: to undermine.--ns. SUPPLANT[=A]'TION; SUPPLANT'ER. [L. supplant[=a]re, to trip up one's heels--sub, under, planta, the sole of the foot.]

SUPPLE, sup'l, adj. pliant: lithe: yielding to the humour of others: fawning.--v.t. to make supple: to make soft or compliant.--v.i. to become supple.--n. SUPP'LENESS.--adj. SUPP'LE-SIN'EWED, having supple sinews: lithe.--SUPPLE JACK (U.S.), one of various climbing-shrubs with strong stems: a pliant cane. [Fr. souple--L. supplex, bending the knees--sub, under, plic[=a]re, to fold.]

SUPPLEMENT, sup'le-ment, n. that which supplies or fills up: any addition by which defects are supplied: the quantity by which an angle or an arc falls short of 180° or a semicircle.--v.t. SUPPLEMENT', to supply or fill up: to add to.--adjs. SUPPLEMEN'TAL, SUPPLEMENT'ARY, added to supply what is wanting: additional.--adv. SUPPLEMENT'ARILY.--ns. SUPPLEMENT[=A]'TION; SUPPLEMENT'ER.--v.t. SUPPL[=E]TE', to supplement.--adjs. SUPP'L[=E]TIVE, SUPP'L[=E]TORY, supplemental.--n. a supplement. [L. supplementum--suppl[=e]re, to fill up.]

SUPPLIANT, sup'li-ant, adj. supplicating: asking earnestly: entreating.--n. a humble petitioner.--adv. SUPP'LIANTLY.--n. SUPP'LIANTNESS. [Fr. suppliant, pr.p. of supplier--L. supplic[=a]re.]

SUPPLICANT, sup'li-kant, adj. supplicating: asking submissively.--n. one who supplicates or entreats earnestly.--adv. SUPP'LICANTLY. [L. supplicans, pr.p. of supplic[=a]re.]

SUPPLICATE, sup'li-k[=a]t, v.t. to entreat earnestly: to address in prayer.--n. SUPP'LICAT, in the English universities, a petition.--adv. SUPP'LIC[=A]TINGLY.--n. SUPPLIC[=A]'TION, act of supplicating: in ancient Rome, a solemn service or day decreed for giving formal thanks to the gods for victory, &c.: earnest prayer or entreaty, especially, in liturgies, a litany petition for some special blessing.--adj. SUPP'LIC[=A]TORY, containing supplication or entreaty: humble.--n. SUPPLIC[=A]'VIT, formerly a writ issued by the King's Bench or Chancery for taking the surety of the peace against a person. [L. supplic[=a]re, -[=a]tum--supplex--sub, under, plic[=a]re, to fold.]

SUPPLY, sup-pl[=i]', v.t. to fill up, esp. a deficiency: to add what is wanted: to furnish: to fill a vacant place: to serve instead of:--pa.t. and pa.p. supplied'. [Fr.,--L. suppl[=e]re--sub, up, pl[=e]re, to fill.]

SUPPLY, sup-pl[=i]', n. act of supplying: that which is supplied or which supplies a want: amount of food or money provided (used generally in pl.): a grant of money provided by a legislature for the expenses of government: a person who takes another's duty temporarily, a substitute, esp. a clergyman.--ns. SUPPL[=I]'AL, the act of supplying, the thing supplied; SUP'PLIANCE (Shak.), that which is supplied, gratification.--adj. SUPPL[=I]'ANT (Shak.), supplying, auxiliary.--adv. SUP'PLIANTLY.--ns. SUPPL[=I]'ER, one who supplies; SUPPLY'MENT (Shak.), a supply.--COMMISSIONER OF SUPPLY, one of the body forming the chief county authority in Scotland for administrative and rating purposes, down to 1889.

SUPPORT, sup-p[=o]rt', v.t. to bear up: to endure or sustain: to keep up as a part or character: to make good: to defend: to represent in acting: to supply with means of living: to uphold by countenance, patronise: to follow on the same side as a speaker.--n. act of supporting or upholding: that which supports, sustains, or maintains: maintenance: an actor playing a subordinate part with a star: an accompaniment in music.--adj. SUPPORT'ABLE, capable of being supported: endurable: capable of being maintained.--n. SUPPORT'ABLENESS.--adv. SUPPORT'ABLY.--ns. SUPPORT'ANCE (Shak.), support; SUPPORT'ER, one who, or that which, supports: an adherent: a defender: (her.) a figure on each side of the escutcheon.--adjs. SUPPORT'ING, SUPPORT'IVE.--n.fem. SUPPORT'RESS. [L. support[=a]re--sub, up, port[=a]re, to bear.]

SUPPOSE, sup-p[=o]z', v.t. to lay down, assume, or state as true: to imagine.--adj. SUPP[=O]'SABLE, that may be supposed.--n. SUPP[=O]'SAL (Shak.), supposition.--adj. SUPP[=O]SED' (Shak.), counterfeit.--adv. SUPP[=O]'SEDLY, according to supposition.--ns. SUPP[=O]'SER; SUPPOSI'TION, act of supposing: that which is supposed: assumption: presumption, opinion.--adj. SUPPOSI'TIONAL, implying supposition.--adv. SUPPOSI'TIONALLY.--adjs. SUPPOSI'TIONARY, hypothetical; SUPPOS'ITIVE, implying, expressing, or including a supposition.--adv. SUPPOS'ITIVELY.--ns. SUPPOS'ITORY (med.), a pill of any solid medicine in the form of a cone or cylinder intended for introduction into the rectum or other canal; SUPPOS'ITUM, that which is supposed; SUPP[=O]'S[=U]RE, supposition. [Fr. supposer--L. suppon[)e]re, -positum--sub, under, pon[)e]re, to place.]

SUPPOSITITIOUS, sup-poz-i-tish'us, adj. put by trick in the place of another: spurious: imaginary, hypothetical, supposed.--adv. SUPPOSITI'TIOUSLY, in a supposititious manner.--n. SUPPOSITI'TIOUSNESS, the state of being supposititious. [L. supposititius--suppon[)e]re, to put in the place of another--sub, under, pon[)e]re, to place.]

SUPPRESS, sup-pres', v.t. to crush, put down: to keep in: to retain or conceal: to stop, restrain.--adv. SUPPRESS'EDLY.--ns. SUPPRESS'ER, SUPPRESS'OR.--adj. SUPPRESS'IBLE.--ns. SUPPRES'SION, act of suppressing: stoppage: concealment; SUPPRES'SIONIST, one who supports suppression.--adj. SUPPRESS'IVE, tending to suppress: subduing. [L. supprim[)e]re, suppressum--sub, under, prem[)e]re, to press.]

SUPPURATE, sup'[=u]-r[=a]t, v.i. to gather pus or matter.--n. SUPPUR[=A]'TION, a morbid process which gives rise to the formation of pus, one of the commonest products of inflammation.--adj. SUPP'UR[=A]TIVE, tending to suppurate: promoting suppuration.--n. a medicine which promotes suppuration. [L. sub, under, pus, pur-is, pus.]

SUPRACILIARY, s[=u]-pra-sil'i-ar-i, adj. above the eyebrow.--Also SUPERCIL'IARY.

SUPRACLAVICULAR, s[=u]-pra-kla-vik'[=u]-lar, adj. situated above the clavicle or collar-bone.

SUPRACOSTAL, s[=u]-pra-kost'al, adj. above or upon the ribs.

SUPRACRETACEOUS, s[=u]-pra-kr[=e]-t[=a]'shus, adj. (geol.) denoting strata lying above the chalk.

SUPRALAPSARIAN, s[=u]-pra-laps-[=a]'ri-an, n. one of a class of Calvinists who make the decree of election and predestination to precede the Creation and the Fall--opp. to Sublapsarian.--adj. pertaining to the Supralapsarians or to their opinions.--n. SUPRALAPS[=A]'RIANISM. [L. supra, above, beyond, labi, lapsus, to fall.]

SUPRALATERAL, s[=u]-pra-lat'[.e]r-al, adj. placed on the upper part of the side.

SUPRALUNAR, s[=u]-pra-l[=u]'nar, adj. beyond the moon: very lofty.

SUPRAMAXILLARY, s[=u]-pra-mak'si-l[=a]-ri, adj. pertaining to the upper jaw.--n. the superior maxillary or upper jaw-bone.

SUPRAMUNDANE, s[=u]-pra-mun'd[=a]n, adj. above the world.

SUPRA-ORBITAL, s[=u]-pra-or'bi-tal, adj. being above the orbit of the eye.

SUPRAPOSITION, s[=u]-pra-p[=o]-zish'un, n. the placing of one thing above another.

SUPRAPROTEST, s[=u]-pra-pr[=o]'test, n. acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange, by one not a party to it, after protest for non-acceptance or non-payment.

SUPRARENAL, s[=u]-pra-r[=e]'nal, adj. situated above the kidneys.

SUPRASCAPULAR, s[=u]-pra-skap'[=u]-lar, adj. situated above the scapula or shoulder-blade.--Also S[=U]PRASCAP'ULARY.

SUPRASENSIBLE, s[=u]-pra-sen'si-bl, adj. above the reach of the senses.

SUPRASPINAL, s[=u]-pra-sp[=i]'nal, adj. situated above the spine.--adj. SUPRASP[=I]'NOUS, above a spine or spinous process.

SUPREME, s[=u]-pr[=e]m', adj. highest: greatest: most excellent.--n. the highest point: the chief, the superior.--n. SUPREM'ACY, state of being supreme; highest authority or power.--adv. SUPREME'LY.--ns. SUPREME'NESS, SUPREM'ITY.--OATH OF SUPREMACY, an oath denying the supremacy of the pope; THE SUPREME BEING, God. [L. supremus, superl. of superus, high--super, above.]

SURA, s[=oo]'ra, n. a chapter of the Koran.--Also SU'RAH. [Ar. s[=u]ra, a step.]

SURA, s[=oo]'ra, n. the sap of the palmyra and coco-palm, &c. [Hind. sur[=a].]

SURADDITION, sur-a-dish'un, n. (Shak.) something added, as to a name.

SURAH, s[=u]'ra, n. a soft twilled silk fabric.--Also SURAH SILK.

SURAL, s[=u]'ral, adj. pertaining to the calf of the leg. [L. sura, the calf.]

SURANCE, sh[=oo]r'ans, n. (Shak.) assurance.

SURAT, s[=u]-rat', n. coarse uncoloured cotton made at Surat, 160 miles north of Bombay.

SURBASE, sur'b[=a]s, n. a cornice or series of mouldings above the base of a pedestal.--adj. SURBASED'.--n. SURBASE'MENT.

SURBATE, sur-b[=a]t', v.t. (Spens.) to bruise, as the feet by travel.--Also SURBET'. [Prob. Fr. solbatu, solbature--sole, the sole, battu, pa.p. of battre, to beat.]

SURBED, sur-bed', v.t. to set edgewise, as a stone with reference to the grain.

SURCEASE, sur-s[=e]s', v.i. to cease.--v.t. to cause to cease.--n. cessation. [O. Fr. sursis, pa.p. of surseoir--L. super-sed[=e]re, to refrain from.]

SURCHARGE, sur-chärj', v.t. to overcharge or overload.--n. an excessive load: an overcharge: an extra charge: a painting in lighter enamel over a darker which serves as the ground.--adj. SURCHARGED', overloaded.--n. SURCHARGE'MENT.

SURCINGLE, sur'sing-gl, n. a girth or strap for holding a saddle on an animal's back: the girdle of a cassock.--v.t. to surround with such. [L. super, above, cingulum, a belt.]

SURCOAT, sur'k[=o]t, n. an overcoat, generally applied to the long flowing drapery of knights anterior to the introduction of plate-armour: a short robe worn by ladies over the tunic at the close of the 11th century. [O. Fr. surcote, surcot--sur, over, cote, a garment.]

SURCULUS, sur'k[=u]-lus, n. a shoot from a root-stock, a sucker.--adjs. SURCULIG'EROUS, bearing such; SUR'CULOSE, producing such. [L.]

SURD, surd, adj. (alg.) involving surds: produced by the action of the speech organs on the breath (not the voice), as the 'hard' sounds k, t, p, f, &c.: deaf: (obs.) unheard, senseless.--n. (alg.) a quantity inexpressible by rational numbers, or which has no root.--ns. SURDIM[=U]'TISM, the condition of being deaf and dumb; SURD'ITY, want of sonant quality. [L. surdus, deaf.]

SURE, sh[=oo]r, adj. secure: fit to be depended on; certain: strong: confident beyond doubt.--advs. SURE, SURELY, firmly, safely: certainly, assuredly.--adj. SURE'FOOTED, walking firmly or securely: not liable to stumble.--adv. SUREFOOT'EDLY.--ns. SUREFOOT'EDNESS; SURE'NESS.--SURE ENOUGH, certainly.--BE SURE, be certain, see to it; HAVE A SURE THING (slang), to have a certainty; MAKE SURE, to make certain; TO BE SURE, without doubt. [O. Fr, seür (Fr. sûr)--L. securus--se-, apart from, cura, care.]

SURETY, sh[=oo]r'ti, n. certainty: he who, or that which, makes sure: security against loss: one who becomes bound for another, a sponsor.--ns. SURE'TYSHIP, SURE'TISHIP, state of being surety: obligation of one person to answer for another. [Doublet security.]

SURF, surf, n. the foam made by the dashing of waves.--ns. SURF'-BIRD, a plover-like bird found on the Pacific coasts of North and South America, akin to sandpipers and turnstones, and sometimes called Boreal sandpiper and Plover-billed turnstone; SURF'-DUCK, the scoter (q.v.); SURF'MAN, one skilful in handling boats in surf.--adj. SURF'Y. [Skeat explains the r as intrusive, and suggests that suffe is the same as 'sough of the sea,' M. E. swough, swoughen, swowen--A.S. swógan, to make a rushing sound.]

SURFACE, sur'f[=a]s, n. the exterior part of anything.--adj. SUR'FACED, having a surface.--ns. SUR'FACEMAN, a miner employed in open-air working: a workman employed in keeping a railway-bed in repair; SUR'FACE-PRINT'ING, printing from a relief surface, as cotton-cloth; SUR'FACER, one who, or that which, smooths or levels a surface; SUR'FACE-TEN'SION, in liquids, that property in virtue of which a liquid surface behaves as if it were a stretched elastic membrane--say a sheet of india-rubber; SUR'FACE-WA'TER, drainage-water; SUR'FACING, the act of giving a certain surface to anything. [Fr., from sur--L. super, and face--L. facies.]

SURFEIT, sur'fit, v.t. to fill to satiety and disgust.--n. excess in eating and drinking: sickness or satiety caused by overfullness.--ns. SUR'FEITER (Shak.), one who surfeits, a glutton; SUR'FEITING, eating overmuch: gluttony. [O. Fr. surfait, excess, sorfaire, to augment--L. super, above, fac[)e]re, to make.]

SURFICIAL, sur-fish'al, adj. formed on the surface, as opposed to Subterranean.

SURFRAPPÉ, sur-frap'[=a], adj. restruck or restamped--of a coin. [Fr.]

SURFUSION, sur-f[=u]'shun, n. the condition of being liquid below fusing-point.

SURGE, surj, n. the rising or swelling of a large wave.--v.i. to rise high: to swell.--adj. SUR'GY, full of surges or waves: billowy. [L. surg[)e]re, to rise.]

SURGEON, sur'jun, n. one who treats injuries or diseases by manual operations.--ns. SUR'GEONCY, SUR'GEONSHIP, the office or employment of a surgeon in the army or navy; SUR'GERY, act and art of treating lesions or malformations of the human body by manual operations, mediate and immediate: a place for surgical operations.--adj. SUR'GICAL, pertaining to surgeons, or to surgery: done by surgery.--adv. SUR'GICALLY. [A doublet of chirurgeon (q.v.).]

SURICATE, s[=u]'ri-k[=a]t, n. a long-legged South African carnivore, allied to the civet, genette, and ichneumon.

SURINAM-TOAD, s[=u]-ri-nam'-t[=o]d, n. a South American toad-like amphibian.

SURLOIN, the preferable form of sirloin (q.v.).

SURLY, sur'li, adj. morose: uncivil: tempestuous.--adv. SUR'LILY.--n. SUR'LINESS. [For sir-ly, for sir-like, arrogant.]

SURMASTER, sur'mas-t[.e]r, n. a master in a school next in rank to a headmaster.

SURMISE, sur-m[=i]z', n. suspicion: conjecture.--v.t. to imagine: to suspect.--adjs. SURM[=I]'SABLE, SURM[=I]'SANT.--n. SURM[=I]'SER. [O. Fr.,--surmettre, to accuse--L. super, upon, mitt[)e]re, to send.]

SURMOUNT, sur-mownt', v.t. to mount above: to surpass: to overcome, get the better of.--adj. SURMOUNT'ABLE, that may be surmounted.--n. SURMOUNT'ABLENESS.--adj. SURMOUNT'ED, surpassed: overcome: (archit.) denoting an arch or dome rising higher than a semicircle: (her.) denoting a figure when another is laid over it.--n. SURMOUNT'ER. [Fr.--sur (L. super), above, monter, to mount.]

SURMULLET, sur-mul'et, n. a mulloid food-fish of the genus Mullus, with two long barbels on the throat.

SURNAME, sur'n[=a]m, n. a name over and above the Christian name: the family name.--v.t. to call by a surname.--adj. SURNOM'INAL. [Formed from Fr. sur--L. super, over and above, and Eng. name, on the analogy of Fr. sur-nom.]

SURPASS, sur-pas', v.t. to pass beyond: to exceed: to excel: to go past in space.--adj. SURPASS'ABLE, that may be surpassed.--p.adj. SURPASS'ING, passing beyond others: excellent in a high degree.--adv. SURPASS'INGLY.--n. SURPASS'INGNESS. [Fr. surpasser, sur--L. super, beyond, passer, to pass.]

SURPLICE, sur'plis, n. a white linen garment worn over the cassock by clerks of all degrees, most commonly used for the service of the choir, and also employed, along with the stole, by priests in the administration of the sacraments and in preaching.--adj. SUR'PLICED, wearing a surplice. [Fr. surplis--Low L. superpellicium, an over-garment.]

SURPLUS, sur'plus, n. the overplus: excess above what is required.--n. SUR'PLUSAGE, overplus. [Fr., from sur--L. super, over, plus, more.]

SURPRISE, sur-pr[=i]z', n. act of taking unawares: the emotion caused by anything sudden: amazement.--v.t. to come upon suddenly or unawares: to lead or bring unawares, to betray (with into): to strike with wonder or astonishment: to confuse.--n. SURPR[=I]S'AL, act of surprising.--adv. SURPR[=I]S'EDLY.--adj. SURPR[=I]S'ING, exciting surprise: wonderful: unexpected.--adv. SURPR[=I]S'INGLY.--n. SURPR[=I]S'INGNESS. [Fr.,--surpris, pa.p. of surprendre--L. super, over, prehend[)e]re, to catch.]

SURQUEDRY, sur'kwe-dri, n. (Spens.) pride, arrogance--also SUR'QUIDRY.--adj. SUR'QUEDOUS.

SURREBOUND, sur-e-bownd', v.i. to rebound again and again: to give back echoes.

SURREBUT, sur-e-but', v.i. to reply to a defendant's rebutter.--ns. SURREBUT'TAL, a plaintiff's evidence or presentation of evidence, in response to a defendant's rebuttal; SURREBUT'TER, the plaintiffs reply, in common law pleading, to a defendant's rebutter; SURREJOIN'DER, the answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURREINED, sur'r[=a]nd, adj. (Shak.) injured by driving, overworked.

SURRENAL, sur-r[=e]'nal, adj. situated above the kidneys.

SURRENDER, sur-ren'd[.e]r, v.t. to deliver over: to resign.--v.i. to yield up one's self to another.--n. act of yielding, or giving up to another.--ns. SURRENDEREE', one to whom a legal surrender is made; SURREN'DERER, one who surrenders; SURREN'DEROR (law), one who makes a surrender; SURREN'DRY, SURREN'DERY (obs.), a surrender. [O. Fr. surrendre, from sur, over--L. super, over, rendre--L. redd[)e]re, to render.]

SURREPTITIOUS, sur-rep-tish'us, adj. done by stealth or fraud.--adv. SURREPTI'TIOUSLY. [L., from surrip[)e]re, surreptum--sub, under, rap[)e]re, to seize.]

SURREY, sur'[=a], n. (U.S.) a light four-wheeled vehicle for four persons, usually with two seats in a box mounted on side-bars.

SURROGATE, sur'r[=o]-g[=a]t, n. a substitute: the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge.--ns. SUR'ROG[=A]TESHIP; SURROG[=A]'TION, subrogation; SURROG[=A]'TUM, that which comes in place of something else. [L. surrog[=a]re, [=a]tum--sub, in the place of, rog[=a]re, to ask.]

SURROUND, sur-rownd', v.t. to go round about; to encompass, environ: to cut off from communication or retreat.--n. SURROUND'ING, an encompassing: (pl.) things which surround, external circumstances. [O. Fr. suronder--L. superund[=a]re, to overflow, often confused with round.]

SURSIZE, sur-s[=i]z', n. a penalty in feudal times for non-payment of castle-guard rent on the appointed day.

SURTAX, sur'taks, n. an additional tax on certain articles.--v.t. to lay such a tax upon.

SURTOUT, sur-t[=oo]', -t[=oo]t', n. a close-bodied frock-coat: (fort.) a raised portion of the parapet of a work at the angles, to protect from enfilade fire. [Fr.,--Low L. super-totus, an outer garment.]

SURVEILLANCE, sur-vel'yans, n. a being vigilant or watchful: inspection.--adj. SURVEILL'ANT. [Fr.,--surveiller--sur, over--L. super, veiller, to watch--L. vigil[=a]re.]

SURVEY, sur-v[=a]', v.t. to see or look over: to inspect: to superintend: to examine: to measure and estimate, as land--(obs.) SURVIEW'.--ns. SUR'VEY, oversight: view: examination: the measuring of land, or of a country: general view: a description of the condition, use, &c. of property to be insured: an auction at which a farm is let for three lives: (U.S.) a district for the collection of customs under a particular officer; SURVEY'ING, the art of ascertaining the boundaries and superficial extent of any portion of the earth's surface; SURVEY'OR, an overseer: a measurer of land; SURVEY'ORSHIP. [O. Fr. surveoir--L. super, over, vid[=e]re, to see.]

SURVIVE, sur-v[=i]v', v.t. to live beyond: to outlive.--v.i. to remain alive.--n. SURV[=I]'VAL, a surviving or living after: any custom or belief surviving in folklore from a more or less savage earlier state of society, long after the philosophy or rationale of it is forgotten.--p.adj. SURV[=I]'VING, continuing alive: outliving.--ns. SURV[=I]'VOR, one who survives or lives after another; SURV[=I]'VORSHIP.--SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, the preservation of favourable variations, attended with the destruction of injurious ones, such being the result of Natural Selection (see Natural). [Fr.,--L. super, beyond, viv[)e]re, to live.]

SURYA, s[=oo]r'ya, n. the sun-god in Hindu mythology. [Sans. s[=u]rya, the sun.]

SUSCEPTIBLE, sus-sep'ti-bl, adj. capable of receiving anything: impressible: disposed to admit.--ns. SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, SUSCEP'TIBLENESS, quality of being susceptible: capability: sensibility.--adv. SUSCEP'TIBLY.--adj. SUSCEP'TIVE, capable of receiving or admitting: readily admitting.--ns. SUSCEP'TIVENESS; SUSCEPTIV'ITY; SUSCEP'TOR; SUSCIP'IENCY.--adj. SUSCIP'IENT. [Fr.,--L. suscip[)e]re, susceptum, to take up--sub, up, cap[)e]re, to take.]

SUSCITATE, sus'i-t[=a]t, v.t. to excite, rouse.--n. SUSCIT[=A]'TION. [L. suscit[=a]re, -[=a]tum--sub, under, cit[=a]re, to arouse.]

SUSPECT, sus-pekt', v.t. to mistrust: to imagine to be guilty: to doubt: to have a slight opinion that something exists, but without sufficient evidence, to conjecture.--v.i. to imagine guilt, to be suspicious.--n. a person suspected.--adv. SUSPEC'TEDLY.--n. SUSPEC'TEDNESS.--adj. SUSPECT'LESS, not suspected. [L. suspic[)e]re, suspectum, to look at secretly--sub, up, spec[)e]re, to look at.]

SUSPEND, sus-pend', v.t. to hang one thing beneath another: to make to depend on: to make to stop for a time: to delay: to debar from any privilege, office, emolument, &c. for a time.--ns. SUSPEN'DED-ANIM[=A]'TION, the temporary cessation of the outward signs and of some of the functions of life--due to asphyxia, drowning, strangulation; SUSPEN'DER, one who, or that which, suspends, one of a pair of straps crossing the shoulders to support the trousers; SUSPENSE', state of being suspended: act of withholding the judgment: uncertainty: indecision: stop betwixt two opposites; SUSPENSIBIL'ITY, susceptibility of being suspended.--adj. SUSPEN'SIBLE, capable of being suspended.--ns. SUSPEN'SION, act of suspending: interruption: delay: temporary privation of office or privilege: a conditional withholding; SUSPEN'SION-BRIDGE, a bridge in which the roadway is supported by chains, which pass over elevated piers, and are secured below at each end.--adj. SUSPEN'SIVE.--adv. SUSPEN'SIVELY.--n. SUSPEN'SOR, a suspensory bandage.--adj. SUSPENS[=O]'RIAL.--n. SUSPENS[=O]'RIUM, that which holds up a part, esp. the arrangement joining the lower jaw to the cranium in vertebrates below mammals.--adj. SUSPEN'SORY, that suspends: doubtful.--n. that which suspends: a bandage: having the effect of delaying or staying.--SUSPEND PAYMENT, to publicly stop paying debts from insolvency. [L. suspend[)e]re--sub, beneath, pend[=e]re, pensum, to hang.]

SUSPERCOLLATE, sus-p[.e]r-kol'[=a]t, v.t. to hang. [Sus. per coll., abbrev. for L. suspensio per collum, hanging by the neck.]

SUSPICION, sus-pish'un, n. act of suspecting: the imagining of something without evidence or on slender evidence: mistrust: (coll.) a slight quantity of, as of spirits.--adj. SUSPI'CIOUS, full of suspicion: showing suspicion: inclined to suspect: liable to suspicion, doubtful.--adv. SUSPI'CIOUSLY.--n. SUSPI'CIOUSNESS.

SUSPIRE, sus-p[=i]r', v.i. to fetch a deep breath, to sigh, to breathe.--n. SUSPIR[=A]'TION, act of sighing.--adj. SUSPIR'IOUS, sighing. [L. susp[=i]r[=a]re--sub, under, spir[=a]re, to breathe.]

SUSTAIN, sus-t[=a]n', v.t. to hold up: to bear: to maintain: to relieve: to prove: to sanction: to prolong.--adjs. SUSTAIN'ABLE, that may be sustained; SUSTAINED', kept up at one uniform pitch.--ns. SUSTAIN'ER, one who, or that which, sustains; SUSTAIN'MENT, act of sustaining, sustenance; SUS'TENANCE, that which sustains: maintenance: provisions.--adj. SUSTENTAC'ULAR, supporting, pertaining to a SUSTENTAC'ULUM, a support or sustaining tissue, esp. an inferior spine of the tarsus in spiders of the genus Epeira.--v.t. SUS'TENT[=A]TE, to sustain.--n. SUSTENT[=A]'TION, that which sustains: support: maintenance.--adj. SUSTEN'TATIVE, sustaining.--ns. SUS'TENT[=A]TOR, a sustaining part or structure; SUSTEN'TION, the act of sustaining; SUSTEN'TOR, one of two posterior projections of a butterfly-chrysalis.--SUSTENTATION FUND, the scheme by which the ministers of the Free Church of Scotland are supported by voluntary contributions not local or congregational, but with a national altruism or solidarity paid into a great central fund, out of which equal stipends are paid to all alike. [L. sustin[=e]re--sub, up, ten[=e]re, to hold.]

SUSURRANT, s[=u]-sur'ant, adj. murmuring, whispering.--n. SUSURR[=A]'TION, a soft murmur.--adv. SUSUR'RINGLY.--adj. SUSUR'ROUS, whispering, rustling.--n. SUSUR'RUS, a soft murmuring, a whispering. [L. susurr[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to whisper.]

SUTILE, s[=u]'til, adj. done by stitching. [L. sutilis--su[)e]re, to sew.]

SUTLER, sut'l[.e]r, n. a person who follows an army and sells liquor or provisions: a camp-hawker.--n. SUT'LERY, a sutler's work: a sutler's store.--adj. SUT'LING, pertaining to sutlers: engaged in the occupation of a sutler. [Old Dut. soetelaar, zoetelaar, a small trader--zoetelen, to do mean work; Low Ger. suddeln, to do dirty work.]

SUTOR, s[=u]'tor, n. a cobbler.--adj. SUT[=O]'RIAL. [L.]

SUTRA, s[=oo]t'ra, n. in Sanskrit literature, the technical name of aphoristic rules, and of works consisting of such rules--the groundworks of the ritual, grammatical, metrical, and philosophical literature of India being written in this form.

SUTTEE, sut-t[=e]', n. a usage long prevalent in India, in accordance with which, on the death of her husband, the faithful widow burned herself on the funeral pyre along with her husband's body.--n. SUTTEE'ISM, the practice of self-immolation among Hindu widows. [Sans. satí, a true wife.]

SUTTLE, sut'l, adj. light. [Subtle.]

SUTURE, s[=u]'t[=u]r, n. the mode of connection between the various bones of the cranium and face--serrated, when formed by the union of two edges of bone with projections and indentations fitting into one another--squamous, when formed by the overlapping of the bevelled edges of two contiguous bones: (surg.) the sewing up of a wound by one or other mode, so as to maintain the opposed surfaces in contact: (bot.) the seam at the union of two margins in a plant.--adj. S[=U]'T[=U]RAL, relating to a suture.--adv. S[=U]'T[=U]RALLY.--n. S[=U]T[=U]R[=A]'TION.--adj. S[=U]'T[=U]RED, having, or united by, sutures. [L. sutura--su[)e]re, to sew.]

SUVERSED, su-verst', adj. versed and belonging to the supplement.

SUZERAIN, s[=u]'ze-r[=a]n, n. a feudal lord: supreme or paramount ruler.--n. S[=U]'ZERAINTY, the dominion of a suzerain: paramount authority. [O. Fr.,--sus--Late L. susum, for sursum=sub-versum, above; the termination in imitation of Fr. souverain, Eng. sovereign.]

SVELT, svelt, adj. in art, free, easy, bold. [Fr.,--It.]

SWAB, swob, n. a mop for cleaning or drying floors or decks, or for cleaning out the bore of a cannon: a bit of sponge, &c., for cleansing the mouth of a sick person: (slang) a naval officer's epaulet: a lubber or clumsy fellow in sailor's slang.--v.t. to clean or dry with a swab:--pr.p. swab'bing; pa.t. and pa.p. swabbed.--n. SWAB'BER, one who uses a swab: a baker's implement for cleaning ovens. [Dut. zwabber, a swabber, zwabberen, to swab; Ger. schwabber.]

SWACK, swak, v.i. (Scot.) to drink greedily.

SWACK, swak, adj. (Scot.) active, nimble.

SWAD, swad, n. a country lout.

SWADDLE, swod'l, v.t. to swathe or bind tight with clothes, as an infant.--ns. SWADD'LER, an Irish papist's name for a Methodist, &c.; SWADD'LING-BAND, SWADD'LING-CLOTH, a cloth for swaddling an infant:--pl. SWADD'LING-CLOTHES (B.). [A.S. swethel, a swaddling-band, swathu, a bandage.]

SWADDY, swod'i, n. a soldier, esp. a militiaman.

SWAG, swag, n. (slang) anything obtained by plunder: baggage, esp. that carried by one tramping through the bush, a swagman's pack: the subsidence of a mine-roof: a festoon or hanging cluster of flowers.--ns. SWAG'GER, SWAG'MAN, one who carries his swag about with him in his search for work; SWAG'SHOP, a place where cheap and trashy goods are sold. [Prob. swag (v.).]

SWAG, swag, v.i. to sink down by its own weight.--adj. SWAG'-BELL'IED, having a large projecting belly. [Prob. conn. with sway.]

SWAGE, sw[=a]j, n. a tool used for making mouldings on sheet-iron.

SWAGE, sw[=a]j, v.t. and v.i. (Milt.) to assuage.

SWAGGER, swag'[.e]r, v.i. to swing the body in a blustering defiant way: to brag noisily, to bully.--n. boastfulness: insolence of manner.--adj. (slang) very fashionable.--n. SWAGG'ERER.--adj. and n. SWAGG'ERING.--adv. SWAGG'ERINGLY. [A freq. of swag=sway.]

SWAHILI, swa-h[=e]'li, n. the name given to the people of Zanzibar and the opposite coast belonging to the Bantu stock, with an Arab infusion, and speaking a Bantu tongue modified by Arabic.--adj. SWAHI'LIAN. [Ar. Waswahili, 'coast people.']

SWAIN, sw[=a]n, n. a young man: a peasant: a country lover.--n. SWAIN'ING, love-making.--adj. SWAIN'ISH, boorish.--n. SWAIN'ISHNESS, boorishness. [Ice. sveinn, young man, servant, Dan. svend, servant.]

SWALE, sw[=a]l, n. a shady spot: a lower tract of rolling prairie.

SWALLOW, swol'[=o], n. a migratory bird with long wings, which seizes its insect food on the wing: a genus (Hirundo) and family (Hirundinidæ) of passerine birds, with long and pointed wings.--adj. SWALL'OW-TAILED, like a swallow's tail in form, forked and pointed--of a dress-coat. [A.S. swalewe; Ger. schwalbe.]

SWALLOW, swol'[=o], v.t. to receive through the gullet into the stomach: to engulf: to absorb: to occupy: to exhaust.--n. SWALL'OWER. [A.S. swelgan, to swallow; cog. with Ger. schwelgen.]

SWAM, swam, pa.t. of swim.

SWAMP, swomp, n. wet, spongy land: low ground filled with water.--v.t. to sink in, or as in a swamp: to overset, or cause to fill with water, as a boat.--adj. SWAMP'Y, consisting of swamp: wet and spongy. [Scand., Dan. and Sw. svamp, a sponge; from the root of swim.]

SWAN, swon, n. a genus of birds constituting a very distinct section of the Duck family Anatidæ, having the neck as long as the body, noted for grace and stateliness of movement on the water.--ns. SWAN'-GOOSE, the China goose; SWAN'-HERD, one who tends swans; SWAN'-HOP'PING, better SWAN'-MARK'ING and SWAN'-UP'PING, the custom of marking the upper mandible of a swan to show ownership--done annually to the royal swans on the Thames, the occasion being excuse for a festive expedition.--adj. SWAN'-LIKE.--ns. SWAN'-MAID'EN, a familiar figure in European folklore, changing at will into a maiden or a swan by means of the magic properties of her shift; SWAN'-MARK, the notch made on the swan's upper mandible; SWAN'-NECK, the end of a pipe, &c., curved like a swan's neck; SWAN'NERY, a place where swans are kept and tended.--adj. SWAN'NY, swan-like.--ns. SWAN'S'-DOWN, the down or under-plumage of a swan, used for powder-puffs, &c.: a soft woollen cloth: a thick cotton with a soft nap on one side; SWAN'-SHOT, a shot of large size, like buck-shot; SWAN'-SKIN, the unplucked skin of a swan: a soft, nappy, fine-twilled flannel; SWAN'-SONG, the fabled song of a swan just before its death: a poet's or musician's last work. [A.S. swan; Ger. schwan, Dut. zwaan.]

SWANG, swang, n. (prov.) a swamp.

SWANK, swangk, adj. (Scot.) slender, pliant: agile, supple--also SWANK'ING.--n. SWANK'Y, an active fellow. [A.S. swancor, pliant; Ger. schwank.]

SWANKY, SWANKIE, swangk'i, n. poor thin beer or any sloppy drink, even sweetened water and vinegar.

SWANPAN. See SHWANPAN.

SWAP, swop, v.t. to barter.--n. an exchange.--adj. SWAP'PING, large. [Swop.]

SWAPE, sw[=a]p, n. (prov.) a pump-handle: a large oar or sweep: a sconce for holding a light.--v.i. to sweep: to place aslant.--n. SWAPE'-WELL, a well from which water is raised by a well-sweep.

SWARD, swawrd, n. the grassy surface of land: green turf--also SWARTH.--v.t. to cover with sward.--adjs. SWARD'ED, SWARD'Y, covered with sward. [A.S. sweard; Dut. zwoord, Ger. schwarte.]

SWARE, sw[=a]r (B.), pa.t. of swear.

SWARF, swärf, v.i. to faint.--n. a swoon.

SWARF, swärf, n. the grit from a grindstone in grinding cutlery wet.

SWARM, swawrm, n. a body of humming or buzzing insects: a cluster of insects, esp. of bee: a great number: throng.--v.i. to gather as bees: to appear in a crowd: to throng: to abound: to breed multitudes.--v.t. to cause to breed in swarms. [A.S. swearm; Ger. schwarm; from the same root as Ger. schwirren.]

SWARM, swawrm, v.i. to climb a tree by scrambling up by means of arms and legs (with up).

SWARTH, swawrth, n. (Shak.). Same as SWATH.

SWARTH, swawrth, n. a wraith, apparition of a person about to die.

SWARTHY, swawrth'i, adj. of a blackish complexion: dark-skinned: tawny--also SWART, SWARTH.--adv. SWARTH'ILY.--ns. SWARTHI'INESS; SWART'-STAR (Milt.), the dog-star, so called because at the time of its appearance it darkens the complexion. [A.S. sweart; Ice. svartr, Ger. schwarz, black.]

SWARVE, swawrv, v.i. to swerve.

SWASH, swosh, v.t. to dash or splash.--v.i. to make a splashing noise, to wash up against.--ns. SWASH'-BUCK'LER, a bully, a blusterer; SWASH'ER (Shak.), one who swashes, a blusterer.--adj. SWASH'ING, slashing, crushing.--n.pl. SWASH'-LETT'ERS, Italic capitals with top and bottom flourishes, intended to fill out ugly gaps.--ns. SWASH'-PLATE, a disc set obliquely on a revolving axis, to give a reciprocating motion to a bar along its length; SWASH'-WORK, lathe-work in which the cuts are inclined to the axis of rotation.--adj. SWASH'Y, swaggering. [Scand.; cf. dial. Sw. svasska, Norw. svakka, prov. Eng. swack, a blow.]

SWASTIKA, swäs'ti-ka, n. the same as Fylfot (q.v.).--Also SVAS'TIKA and Gammadion. [Sans., 'fortunate.']

SWAT, swot (Spens.), pa.t. of sweat.

SWATCH, swach, n. a strip of cloth as a sample. [Swath.]

SWATH, swawth, n. a line of grass or corn cut by the scythe: the sweep of a scythe.--adj. SWATH'Y. [A.S. swathu, a track; Dut. zwade, also a scythe.]

SWATHE, sw[=a]th, v.t. to bind with a band or bandage.--n. a bandage. [A.S. swethian; cf. Swaddle.]

SWATS, swats, n. (Scot.) new ale: thin sowens.

SWATTER, swat'[.e]r, v.i. (prov.) to spill water about. [Cf. Dut. swaddren, to dabble in water.]

SWAY, sw[=a], v.t. to swing or wield with the hand: to incline to one side: to influence by power or moral force: to govern: to hoist, raise.--v.i. to incline to one side: to govern: to have weight or influence.--n. the sweep of a weapon: that which moves with power: preponderance: power in governing: influence or authority inclining to one side: a thatcher's binding-switch.--adj. SWAYED (Shak.), bent down and injured in the back by heavy burdens--said of a horse. [Prob. Scand., as Ice. sveigja, Dan. svaie, to sway; akin to swing.]

SWEAL, sw[=e]l, v.t. to scorch.--v.i. to melt and run down: to burn away slowly. [A.S. swelan.]

SWEAR, sw[=a]r, v.i. to affirm, calling God to witness: to give evidence on oath: to utter the name of God or of sacred things profanely.--v.t. to utter, calling God to witness: to administer an oath to: to declare on oath:--pa.t. sw[=o]re; pa.p. sworn.--n. SWEAR'ER.--SWEAR AT, to aim profanity at: to be very incongruous with, esp. in colour; SWEAR BY, to put complete confidence in; SWEAR IN, to inaugurate by oath; SWEAR OFF, to renounce, promise to give up. [A.S. swerian; Dut. zweren, Ger. schwören.]

SWEARD, sw[=e]rd, n. (Spens.) sword.

SWEAT, swet, n. the moisture from the skin, the state of one who sweats, diaphoresis: labour: drudgery.--v.i. to give out sweat or moisture: to toil, drudge for poor wages: to suffer penalty, smart.--v.t. to give out, as sweat: to cause to sweat: to squeeze money or extortionate interest from, to compel to hard work for mean wages: to wear away or pare down by friction or other means, as coins: to scrape the sweat from a horse.--ns. SWEAT'ER, one who sweats, or that which causes sweating, a diaphoretic: a heavy kind of jersey used by persons in training for athletic contests, to reduce their weight: one who sweats coins: a London street ruffian in Queen Anne's time who prodded weak passengers with his sword-point; SWEAT'INESS; SWEAT'ING-BATH, a bath to promote perspiration; SWEAT'ING-HOUSE, -ROOM, a house, room, for sweating persons: a room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices; SWEAT'ING-SICK'NESS, an extremely fatal epidemic disorder which ravaged Europe, and esp. England, in the 15th and 16th centuries--a violent inflammatory fever, with a fetid perspiration over the whole body; SWEAT'ING-SYS'TEM, the practice of working poor people at starvation wages, esp. in making up clothes in their own houses.--adj. SWEAT'Y, wet with sweat: consisting of sweat: laborious. [A.S. swát, sweat, sw['æ]tan, to sweat; Dut. zweet; Low Ger. sweet, Ger. schweiss.]

SWEATH-BAND, sw[=e]th'-band, n. (Spens.) a swaddling-band. [Swathe.]

SWEDE, sw[=e]d, n. a native of Sweden; a Swedish turnip.--adj. SW[=E]D'ISH, pertaining to Sweden, to Swedish turnips, gloves of undressed kid, &c.

SWEDENBORGIAN, sw[=e]-dn-bor'ji-an, n. one who holds the religious doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher (1688-1772), founder of the New Jerusalem Church.--n. SWEDENBOR'GIANISM.

SWEENY, sw[=e]'ni, n. atrophy of a muscle.

SWEEP, sw[=e]p, v.t. to wipe or rub over with a brush or broom: to carry along or off by a long brushing stroke or force: to destroy or carry off at a stroke: to strike with a long stroke: to carry with pomp: to drag over: to pass rapidly over.--v.i. to pass swiftly and forcibly: to pass with pomp: to move with a long reach:--pa.t. and pa.p. swept.--n. act of sweeping: extent of a stroke, or of anything turning or in motion: prevalence, range: direction of a curve: the act of bringing into a general movement: rapid or wide-spread destructiveness: a curved approach before a building: a chimney-sweeper: (pl.) oars of great length used during a calm or in still water, either to assist the rudder or to propel the vessel.--n. SWEEP'ER.--adv. SWEEP'INGLY, in a sweeping manner.--n. SWEEP'INGNESS.--n.pl. SWEEP'INGS, things collected by sweeping: rubbish.--ns. SWEEP'-NET, a net that embraces a large compass: SWEEP'STAKE (Shak.), one who wins all--usually in pl. SWEEP'STAKES, a method of gambling by which several persons contribute each certain stakes, the whole of which fall to one in case of a certain event happening; SWEEP'-WASH'ER, one who scrapes a little gold or silver from the sweepings of refineries.--adj. SWEEP'Y, swaying, sweeping, curving. [A.S. swápan; Ger. schweifen, Cf. Swoop.]

SWEER, SWEIR, sw[=e]r, adj. (Scot.) lazy, unwilling. [A.S. sw['æ]r, swár, heavy.]

SWEET, sw[=e]t, adj. pleasing to the taste or senses: tasting like sugar: fragrant: melodious: beautiful, grateful to the eye: fresh, as opposed to salt or to sour: pure: recent, not stale, sour, or putrid: mild, soft, gentle: kind, obliging.--n. a sweet substance: a term of endearment: (pl.) sweetmeats, confections: sweet dishes served at table, puddings, tarts, jellies, &c.--v.t. (obs.) to sweeten.--adj. SWEET'-AND-TWEN'TY (Shak.), at once fair and young.--ns. SWEET'-BAY, the laurel (Laurus nobilis); SWEET'BREAD, the pancreas of an animal used for food, both delicate and nutritious.--adj. SWEET'-BREATHED, sweet-smelling.--ns. SWEET'-BR[=I]'ER, a thorny shrub of the rose kind resembling the brier, having a sweet smell; SWEET'-CORN, a variety of maize.--v.t. SWEET'EN, to make sweet: to make pleasing, mild, or kind: to increase the agreeable qualities of: to make pure and healthy.--ns. SWEET'ENER, one who, or that which, sweetens; SWEET'ENING, act of sweetening: that which sweetens; SWEET'-FLAG, -RUSH, an aromatic plant of the genus Acorus of the arum family; SWEET'HEART, a lover or mistress.--n.pl. SWEET'IES, confections.--n. SWEET'ING, a sweet apple: (Shak.) a darling, a word of endearment.--adj. SWEET'ISH, somewhat sweet to the taste.--ns. SWEET'ISHNESS; SWEET'-JOHN, a flower of the narrow-leaved varieties of a species of pink, Dianthus barbatus, as distinguished from other varieties called Sweet-william; SWEET'LEAF, a small tree in the southern United States, having sweetish leaves relished by cattle and horses; SWEET'-LIPS, one whose lips are sweet--a term of endearment: the ballanwrasse, or Labrus maculatus.--adv. SWEET'LY.--ns. SWEET'-MAR'JORAM, a fragrant species of marjoram; SWEET'MEAT, a confection made wholly or chiefly of sugar; SWEET'-NAN'CY, the double-flowered variety of Narcissus poeticus; SWEET'NESS; SWEET'-OIL, olive-oil; SWEET'-PEA, a pea cultivated for its fragrance and beauty; SWEET'-POT[=A]'TO, a twining plant common in tropical and sub-tropical countries, having large sweetish edible tubers.--adj. SWEET'-SCENT'ED, having a sweet smell.--n. SWEET'-SOP, a tropical American evergreen, also its pulpy fruit.--adj. SWEET'-TEM'PERED, having a mild, amiable disposition.--ns. SWEET'-WA'TER, a white variety of the European grape, with very sweet juice; SWEET'-WILL'IAM, the bunch-pink, Dianthus barbatus, a garden flower of many colours and varieties; SWEET'WOOD, a name applied to various trees and shrubs of the laurel family found in South America and the West Indies.--BE SWEET ON, or UPON, to be in love with. [A.S. swéte; Ger. süsz, Gr. h[=e]dys, L. suavis, sweet, Sans. svad, to taste.]

SWELL, swel, v.i. to grow larger: to expand: to rise into waves: to heave: to be inflated: to bulge out: to grow louder: to be bombastic, to strut: to become elated, arrogant, or angry: to grow upon the view: to grow more violent: to grow louder, as a note.--v.t. to increase the size of: to aggravate: to increase the sound of: to raise to arrogance: to augment the sound of:--pa.p. swelled or swollen (sw[=o]ln).--n. act of swelling: a bulge or protuberance: increase in size: an increase and a succeeding decrease in the volume of a tone: a gradual rise of ground: a wave or billow or succession of them in one direction, as after a storm: a distinct set of pipes in an organ, enclosed in a case furnished with movable shutters which being more or less opened by means of a pedal, produce a swell of sound: (geol.) an upward protrusion of strata from whose central region the beds dip quaquaversally at a low angle: a strutting foppish fellow, a dandy.--adj. fashionable.--n. SWELL'DOM, the fashionable world generally.--adj. SWELL'ING (B.), inflated, proud, haughty.--n. protuberance: a tumour: a rising, as of passion: (B.) inflation by pride.--adj. SWELL'ISH, foppish, dandified.--ns. SWELL'-MOB, well-dressed pickpockets collectively; SWELL'-MOBS'MAN, a well-dressed pickpocket. [A.S. swellan; Ger. schwellen.]

SWELT, swelt, v.i. (Spens.) to swelter.

SWELTER, swelt'[.e]r, v.i. to be faint or oppressed with heat: to perspire copiously from heat.--v.t. to cause to faint, to overpower, as with heat.--p.adj. SWELT'ERING.--adv. SWELT'ERINGLY.--adj. SWELT'RY, sultry, oppressive with heat. [A.S. sweltan, to die; Ice. svelta, to hunger.]

SWEPT, swept, pa.t. and pa.p. of sweep.

SWERVE, sw[.e]rv, v.i. to turn, depart from any line, duty, or custom: to incline: to rove, wander.--n. an act of swerving.--adj. SWERVE'LESS, that does not swerve.--n. SWERV'ER, one who swerves. [A.S. sweorfan; Dut. zwerven.]

SWEVEN, sw[=e]'vn, n. (obs.) a dream.--v.t. and v.i. to sleep, dream. [A.S. swefen, sleep, dream.]

SWIFT, swift, adj. moving quickly: fleet, rapid: speedy: ready.--n. a genus (Cypselus) and family (Cypselidæ) of picarian birds, resembling the swallows in general appearance and habits, but most closely allied by anatomical structure to the humming-birds--with long pointed wings, a short tail, and remarkable powers of rapid and prolonged flight: the common newt: a reel for winding yarn: the main cylinder of a carding-machine: the current of a stream.--n. SWIF'TER, any rope temporarily used to tighten or keep a thing in its place.--adjs. SWIFT'-FOOT'ED; SWIFT'-HAND'ED; SWIFT'-HEELED.--adv. SWIFT'LY, with swiftness: rapidly.--n. SWIFT'NESS, quality of being swift: quickness: fleetness: rapidity: speed.--adj. SWIFT'-WINGED. [A.S. swift, from same root as swoop.]

SWIG, swig, n. a pulley with ropes not parallel.--v.t. to tighten a rope by hauling at right angles to its lead: to castrate by ligating the scrotum and making the testicles slough off. [Prob. swag.]

SWIG, swig, n. a large draught: one who drinks deep.--v.t. to drink by large draughts, to gulp down. [Prob. conn. with A.S. swelgan, to swallow.]

SWILL, swil, v.t. or v.i. to drink greedily or largely, to drink habitually, to drench one's self with: to wash, rinse.--n. a large draught of liquor: the liquid mixture given to swine.--ns. SWILL'ER; SWILL'ING.--n.pl. SWILL'INGS, hog wash. [A.S. swilian, to wash; cf. Sw. sqvala, to gush.]

SWIM, swim, v.i. to float, as opposed to sink: to move on or in water: to be borne along by a current: to glide along with a waving motion: to be dizzy: to be drenched: to overflow: to abound.--v.t. to pass by swimming: to make to swim or float:--pr.p. swim'ming; pa.t. swam; pa.p. swum or swam.--n. act of swimming: any motion like swimming: air-bladder of a fish.--adj. SWIM'MABLE, capable of being swum.--ns. SWIM'MER, one who swims: a web-footed aquatic bird; SWIM'MERET, one of the abdominal appendages which in the lobster and other Crustacea are used in swimming; SWIM'MING, the act of floating or moving on or in the water: dizziness; SWIM'MING-BATH, a bath large enough for swimming in.--adv. SWIM'MINGLY, in a gliding manner, as if swimming: smoothly, successfully.--ns. SWIM'MINGNESS, the state of swimming: a melting look, tearfulness; SWIM'MING-POND, an artificial pond adapted for swimming in; SWIM'MING-SCHOOL, a place where swimming is taught; SWIM'MING-STONE, a cellular variety of flint--float-stone.--IN THE SWIM, in the main current, of affairs, business, &c. [A.S. swimman; Ger. schwimmen.]

SWINCK, swingk, v.i. (Spens.). Same as SWINK.

SWINDGE, swindj, v.t. (Milt.). Same as SWINGE (1).

SWINDLE, swin'dl, v.t. to cheat under the pretence of fair dealing.--n. the act of swindling or defrauding: anything not really what it appears to be.--adj. SWIN'DLEABLE, capable of being swindled.--ns. SWIN'DLER, one who defrauds by imposition: a cheat or rogue; SWIN'DLERY, roguery, swindling practices.--adj. SWIN'DLING, cheating. [Ger. schwindler, a cheat--schwindeln, to be giddy, _schwinden_empty, to sink; A.S. swindan, to droop.]

SWINE, sw[=i]n, n.sing. and pl. a well-known quadruped with bristly skin and long snout, fed for its flesh: a pig: pigs collectively.--ns. SWINE'HERD, a herd or keeper of swine; SWINE'-POX, chicken-pox; SWIN'ERY, a place where pigs are kept; SWINE'S'-SNOUT, the dandelion; SWINE'-STONE (same as STINK-STONE); SWINE'-STY, a pig-sty. [A.S. swín, a pig; Ger. schwein, L. sus, Gr. hys.]

SWING, swing, v.i. to sway or wave to and fro, as a body hanging in air: to move forward with swaying gait: to vibrate: to practise swinging: to turn round at anchor: to be hanged.--v.t. to move to and fro: to cause to wave or vibrate: to whirl, to brandish: to cause to wheel or turn as about some point: to fix up anything so as to hang freely:--pa.t. and pa.p. swung.--n. the act of swinging: motion to and fro: a waving motion: anything suspended for swinging in: the sweep or compass of a swinging body: the sweep of a golf-club when driving: influence or power of anything put in motion: free course, unrestrained liberty.--ns. SWING'-BACK, a device for adjusting the plate-holder of a camera at any desired angle; SWING'BOAT, a boat-shaped carriage swung from a frame, in use for swinging in at fairs, &c.; SWING'-BRIDGE, a bridge that may be moved aside by swinging, at the mouth of docks, &c.; SWING'-CHURN, a churn-box so hung as to be worked by oscillation; SWING'ER; SWING'-HAN'DLE, a pivoted handle of any utensil, esp. a bail or other arched handle; SWING'ING, the act of moving back and forth, esp. the pastime of moving in a swing.--adj. having a free easy motion.--n. SWING'ING-BOOM, the spar which stretches the foot of a lower studding-sail.--adv. SWING'INGLY, in a swinging-manner.--ns. SWING'ING-POST, the post to which a gate is hung; SWING'ISM, a form of intimidation common in England about 1830-33, which consisted mainly in sending letters signed 'Swing' or 'Captain Swing' to farmers, ordering them under threats to give up threshing-machines, &c.; SWING'-M[=O]'TION, a mechanism in the truck of a railway carriage, &c., permitting swaying from side to side; SWING'-PAN, a sugar-pan with spout, pivoted so that it may be emptied by tipping; SWING'-PLOUGH, a plough without a fore-wheel under the beam; SWING'-SHELF, a hanging shelf; SWING'-STOCK, an upright timber, with a blunt edge at top over which flax was beaten by the swingle--also SWING'ING-BLOCK; SWING'-SWANG, a complete oscillation.--adj. swinging, drawling.--ns. SWING'-T[=A]'BLE, a moveable bed on which plate-glass is cemented for polishing; SWING'-TOOL, a holder swinging on horizontal centres, on which work is fastened so as to hold flat against the face of a file; SWING'-TREE=Swingle-tree (q.v.); SWING'-TROT, a swinging trot; SWING'-WHEEL, the wheel that drives a clock pendulum, corresponding to the balance-wheel in a watch. [A.S. swingan; Ger. schwingen, to swing; allied to wag, sway.]

SWINGE, swinj, v.t. to beat, chastise: to forge, weld together: to wave to and fro.--n. a lash, a lashing movement.--n. SWINGE'-BUCK'LER (Shak.), one who pretends to feats of arms, a blusterer.--adj. SWINGE'ING, great, huge.--adv. SWINGE'INGLY.--n. SWINGER (swinj'[.e]r), any person or thing great or astonishing, a bold lie, a whopper. [A.S. swengan, to shake, a causal form of swingan, to swing.]

SWINGE, swinj, v.t. (Spens.). Same as SINGE.

SWINGLE, swing'gl, v.t. to dress or separate the fibrous parts of flax from the woody substance by beating.--n. an implement for this purpose.--ns. SWING'LE, the part of the flail which falls on the grain in threshing; SWING'LE-TREE, SING'LE-TREE, the cross-piece of a carriage, plough, &c. to which the traces of a harnessed horse are fixed. [Swing.]

SWINISH, sw[=i]'nish, adj. like or befitting swine: gross: brutal.--adv. SWIN'ISHLY.--n. SWIN'ISHNESS.

SWINK, swingk, v.i. (Spens.) to labour, to toil, to drudge.--v.t. to tire out with labour.--n. labour.--adj. SWINK'ED (Milt.), wearied with labour, fatigued. [A.S. swincan, to labour; cf. swingan, swing.]

SWIPE, sw[=i]p, n. a hard blow.--v.t. to give a strong blow to: to steal by snatching.--n. SW[=I]'PER, one who swipes. [A.S. swipe, a whip.]

SWIPES, sw[=i]ps, n. bad or spoilt beer, also small-beer.--adj. SW[=I]'PEY, fuddled with malt liquor.

SWIRE, sw[=i]r, n. a hollow between two hills. [Prob. A.S. swéora, the neck.]

SWIRL, sw[.e]rl, v.i. to sweep along with a whirling motion.--n. whirling motion, as of wind or water: a curl or twist: the rush of a fish through the water in rising to a fly.--adj. SWIRL'Y. [Skeat explains as Scand., Norw. svirla, to whirl round, a freq. of sverra, to whirl, orig. to hum.]

SWISH, swish, v.t. to cause to move or to cut with a whistling sound: to flog, thrash.--n. a swishing sound.--adv. in a swishing manner or with such a sound.--ns. SWISH'ER, one who swishes or flogs; SWISH'-SWASH, a swishing action or sound: a washy drink. [Imit.]

SWISS, swis, adj. of or belonging to Switzerland.--n. a native of Switzerland: the language of Switzerland: a High German patois, spoken in fifteen of the cantons.--n. SWIT'ZER, a native of Switzerland: one of a hired bodyguard of a king or pope.--SWISS GUARDS, a celebrated corps or regiment of Swiss mercenaries in the French army of the old régime, constituted 'Gardes' by royal decree in 1616.

SWISSING, swis'ing, n. the calendering of bleached cloth, after dampening, by passing between bowls or pairs of rollers.

SWITCH, swich, n. a small flexible twig: a movable rail for transferring a carriage from one line of rails to another: a device to make or break a circuit, or transfer an electric current from one conductor to another.--v.t. to strike with a switch: to swing, whisk: to transfer a carriage from one line of rails to another by a switch: to shift from one circuit to another, or in or out of circuit, as an electric current, to shunt.--ns. SWITCH'BACK, a term applied to a zigzagging, alternate back-and-forward mode of progression up a slope; SWITCH'BACK-RAIL'WAY, an apparatus for public amusement, consisting of a short length of elevated railway with a series of rounded inclines, so that the car gains enough of momentum descending the first steep incline to ascend one or more smaller inclines till it gradually and more slowly works its way to the original level at the far end of the course; SWITCH'ING, a beating with a switch: trimming; SWITCH'MAN, a pointsman. [Old Dut. swick, a whip.]

SWITCHEL, swich'el, n. treacle-beer, molasses and water, &c.

SWITH, swith, adv. (obs.) quickly: away! begone!

SWITHER, swith'[.e]r, v.i. (prov.) to doubt, hesitate.--n. hesitation: a fright, a sweat.

SWIVEL, swiv'l, n. something fixed in another body so as to turn round in it: a ring or link that turns round on a pin or neck: a small cannon turning on a swivel.--v.i. to turn on a pin or pivot.--ns. SWIV'EL-EYE, a squint-eye; SWIV'EL-HOOK, a hook secured to anything by means of a swivel. [A.S. swífan, to move quickly, to turn round.]

SWIZZLE, swiz'l, v.i. to drink to excess.--n. a mixed or compounded drink.

SWOLLEN, sw[=o]ln, pa.p. of swell.

SWOON, sw[=oo]n, v.i. to faint: to fall into a fainting-fit.--n. the act of swooning: a fainting-fit.--SWOOND'ED, obsolete pa.t. and pa.p. of swoon.--n. SWOON'ING.--adv. SWOON'INGLY, [M. E. swounen, swoghenen--A.S. swógan, to resound.]

SWOOP, sw[=oo]p, v.t. to sweep down upon: to take with a sweep: to catch while on the wing: to catch up.--v.i. to descend with a sweep.--n. the act of swooping: a seizing, as a bird on its prey. [A.S. swápan, to sweep; Ger. schweifen, to rove.]

SWOP, swop, v.t. to exchange, to barter:--pr.p. swop'ping; pa.t and pa.p. swopped.--n. an exchange.--Also SWAP. [Most prob. the same as obs. swap, swop, to beat, cog. with swoop.]

SWORD, s[=o]rd, n. an offensive weapon with a long blade, sharp upon one or both edges, for cutting or thrusting: destruction by the sword or by war, war, military force: the emblem of vengeance or justice, or of authority and power.--adj. SWORD'-AND-BUCK'LER, fought with sword and buckler, not the rapier: armed with sword and buckler.--ns. SWORD'-ARM, -HAND, the arm, hand, that wields the sword; SWORD'-BAY'ONET, a bayonet shaped somewhat like a sword, and used as one; SWORD'-BEAR'ER, a public officer who carries the sword of state; SWORD'-BELT, a military belt from which the sword is hung; SWORD'BILL, a South American humming-bird with a bill longer than its body; SWORD'-BREAK'ER, an old weapon for grasping and breaking an adversary's sword; SWORD'-CANE, -STICK, a cane or stick containing a sword; SWORD'CRAFT, skill with the sword; military power; SWORD'-CUT, a blow, wound, or scar caused by the edge of a sword; SWORD'-DANCE, a dance in which the display of naked swords, or movements made with such, form a part; SWORD'-DOLL'AR, a Scotch silver coin under James VI., worth 2s. 6d. in English money, having a sword on the reverse; SWORD'ER (Shak.), a swordsman; SWORD'FISH, a family of spiny-rayed Teleostean fishes, sometimes 12 to 15 feet in length, with a sword about 3 feet long, formed from a compressed prolongation of the upper jaw; SWORD'-FLAG, the European water-flag or yellow iris; SWORD'-GRASS, a kind of sedge; SWORD'-GUARD, the part of a sword-hilt that protects the bearer's hand; SWORD'-KNOT, a ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword; SWORD'-LAW, government by the sword.--adj. SWORD'LESS, destitute of a sword.--ns. SWORD'PLAY, fencing; SWORD'PLAYER, a fencer.--adj. SWORD'-PROOF, capable of resisting the blow or thrust of a sword.--n. SWORD'-RACK, a rack for holding swords.--adj. SWORD'-SHAPED, ensiform.--ns. SWORDS'MAN, a man skilled in the use of a sword; SWORDS'MANSHIP. [A.S. sweord; Ice. sverdh, Ger. schwert.]

SWORE, SWORN. See SWEAR.

SWORN, sw[=o]rn, pa.p. of swear.--SWORN BROKER, a London broker who swears before the court of aldermen to maintain honesty in dealing; SWORN ENEMIES, enemies determined not to be reconciled; SWORN FRIENDS, fast or close friends.

SWOTE, sw[=o]t, adv. (Spens.) sweetly.

SWOUND, swownd, v.i. (Shak.) to swoon--also n.

SWUM, swum, pa.p. of swim.

SWUNG, swung, pa.t. and pa.p. of swing.

SYB, sib, adj. (Spens.). Same as SIB.

SYBARITE, sib'a-r[=i]t, n. an inhabitant of Sybaris, a Greek city in ancient Italy, on the Gulf of Tarentum, noted for the effeminacy and luxury of its inhabitants: one devoted to luxury.--adjs. SYBARIT'IC, -AL.--n. SYB'ARITISM.

SYBO, s[=i]'b[=o], n. a Scotch form of Cibol (q.v.):--pl. SY'BOES.

SYBOTIC, s[=i]-bot'ik, adj. pertaining to a swineherd.--n. SY'BOTISM. [Gr. syb[=o]t[=e]s, swineherd.]

SYCAMINE, sik'a-m[=i]n, n. (B.) supposed to be the black mulberry-tree (Morus nigra).

SYCAMORE, sik'a-m[=o]r, n. a fruit-tree of the fig family, common in Palestine, &c.: a species of maple, in Scotland usually called plane-tree: in America, the native plane. [Gr. sykomoros--sykon, a fig, moron, black mulberry.]

SYCE. Same as Sice (q.v.).

SYCOPHANT, sik'[=o]-fant, n. a common informer: a servile flatterer.--n. SYC'OPHANCY, the behaviour of a sycophant: mean tale-bearing: obsequious flattery: servility--also SYCOPHANT'ISM.--adjs. SYCOPHANT'IC, -AL, SYCOPHANT'ISH, like a sycophant: obsequiously flattering: parasitic.--v.i. SYC'OPHANTISE.--adv. SYC'OPHANTISHLY.--n. SYC'OPHANTRY, the arts of the sycophant. [Gr. sykophant[=e]s, usually said to mean one who informed against persons exporting figs from Attica or plundering the sacred fig-trees; but more prob. one who brings figs to light by shaking the tree, hence one who makes rich men yield up their fruit by informations and other vile arts--sykon, a fig, phainein, to show.]

SYCOSIS, s[=i]-k[=o]'sis, n. a pustular eruption on the scalp or bearded part of the face, due to ringworm, acne, or impetigo. [Gr.,--sykon, a fig.]

SYENITE, s[=i]'en-[=i]t, n. a rock composed of feldspar and hornblende.--adj. SYENIT'IC, relating to Syene in Egypt: pertaining to syenite. [From Gr. Sy[=e]n[=e], Syene in Egypt.]

SYKER, sik'[.e]r, adv. (Spens.) surely. [Sicker.]

SYLLABLE, sil'a-bl, n. several letters taken together so as to form one sound: a word or part of a word uttered by a single effort of the voice: a small part of a sentence.--v.t. to express by syllables, to utter.--n. SYLL'ABARY, a list of characters representing syllables--also SYLLAB[=A]'RIUM.--adjs. SYLLAB'IC, -AL, consisting of a syllable or syllables.--adv. SYLLAB'ICALLY.--vs.t. SYLLAB'IC[=A]TE, SYLLAB'IFY (pa.t. and pa.p. syllab'ified), to form into syllables--ns. SYLLABIC[=A]'TION, SYLLABIFIC[=A]'TION; SYLL'ABISM, syllabic character, representation of syllables. [L. syllaba--Gr. syllab[=e]--syn, with, lab-, lambanein, to take.]

SYLLABUB, sil'a-bub, n. Same as SILLIBUB.

SYLLABUS, sil'a-bus, n. an abstract: a table of contents: the catalogue of eighty heresies, annexed to the Encyclical Quanta Cura, addressed by Pius IX. to all Catholic bishops, 8th Dec. 1864. [L.]

SYLLEPSIS, sil-lep'sis, n. substitution: a figure in rhetoric by which we take the sense of words rather by the intention of the author than by the strictness of grammar: the agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word next it, but with some other word in the sentence.--adjs. SYLLEP'TIC, -AL.--adv. SYLLEP'TICALLY. [Gr. syll[=e]psis--syn, together, lambanein, to take.]

SYLLOGISM, sil'[=o]-jizm, n. logical form of every argument, consisting of three propositions, of which the first two are called the premises, and the last, which follows from them, the conclusion.--n. SYLLOGIS[=A]'TION.--v.i. SYLL'OGISE, to reason by syllogisms.--v.t. to deduce consequences from.--n. SYLL'OGISER.--adjs. SYLLOGIS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to a syllogism: in the form of a syllogism.--adv. SYLLOGIS'TICALLY. [Gr. syllogismos--syllogizesthai--syn, together, logizesthai, to reckon--logos, speech.]

SYLPH, silf, n. one of the elemental spirits of the air, intermediate between immaterial and material beings, occasionally holding intercourse with human creatures: a fairy.--n. SYLPH'ID, a little sylph.--adjs. SYLPH'INE, SYLPH'ISH. [Fr. sylphe, of Celtic origin; but cf. Gr. silph[=e], a kind of beetle.]

SYLVA, SILVA, sil'va, n. the forest trees of any region collectively.--adjs. SYL'VAN, SIL'VAN.--n. SYLVICUL'TURE, arboriculture, forestry. [L.]

SYMBAL, sim'bal, n. Same as CYMBAL.

SYMBIOSIS, sim-bi-[=o]'sis, n. a term introduced by De Bary to denote certain kinds of physiological partnership between organisms of different kinds--best restricted to such intimate and complementary partnerships as exist between algoid and fungoid elements in lichens, or between unicellular Algæ; and Radiolarians.--n. SYM'BION, an organism living in such a state.--adj. SYMBIOT'IC.--adv. SYMBIOT'ICALLY. [Gr. syn, together, bios, life.]

SYMBOL, sim'bol, n. a sign by which one knows a thing: an arbitrary or other conventional mark, abbreviating methods of scientific expression, as in algebra, and esp. chemistry: an emblem: that which represents something else: a figure or letter representing something: (theol.) a creed, compendium of doctrine, or a typical religious rite, as the Eucharist.--adjs. SYMBOL'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a symbol: representing by signs: emblematic: figurative: typical.--adv. SYMBOL'ICALLY.--ns. SYMBOL'ICALNESS; SYMBOL'ICS, the study of the history and contents of Christian creeds; SYMBOLIS[=A]'TION.--v.i. SYM'BOLISE, to be symbolical: to resemble in qualities.--v.t. to represent by symbols.--ns. SYM'BOLISER, SYM'BOLIST, one who uses symbols; SYM'BOLISM, representation by symbols or signs: a system of symbols: use of symbols: (theol.) the science of symbols or creeds.--adjs. SYMBOLIST'IC, -AL.--ns. SYMBOL'OGY, SYMBOLOL'OGY, the art of representing by symbols; SYMBOLOL'ATRY, undue veneration for symbols; SYM'BOLRY, the use of symbols generally. [Gr. symbolon, from symballein--syn, together, ballein, to throw.]

SYMMETRY, sim'e-tri, n. the state of one part being of the same measure with or proportionate to another: due proportion: harmony or adaptation of parts to each other.--adj. SYMM'ETRAL, commensurable, symmetrical.--n. SYMMET'RIAN, one who is careful about symmetry.--adjs. SYMMET'RIC, -AL, having symmetry or due proportion in its parts: harmonious.--adv. SYMMET'RICALLY, with symmetry.--ns. SYMMET'RICALNESS; SYMMETRI'CIAN, SYMM'ETRIST, one careful about symmetry; SYMMETRIS[=A]'TION.--v.t. SYMM'ETRISE, to make symmetrical.--n. SYMMETROPH[=O]'BIA, fear or strong dislike of mechanical symmetry. [L. and Gr. symmetria--syn, together, metron, a measure.]

SYMMORPH, sim'morf, n. a character different in form from another, but representing the same notion. [Gr. symmorphos, similar--syn, with, morph[=e], form.]

SYMPATHY, sim'pa-thi, n. like feeling: an agreement of inclination, feeling, or sensation: compassion: pity: tenderness: an agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of natural temperament: mutual conformity of parts in the fine arts: correspondence of parts in similar sensations or affections, or the affection of the whole body or system, or some part of it, in consequence of local injury or disease: propensity of inanimate bodies to union or mutual action: the effective union of colours.--adjs. SYMPATHET'IC, -AL, showing, or inclined to, sympathy: feeling with another: able to sympathise: compassionate: produced by sympathy: uniting viscera and blood-vessels in a nervous action common to them all: noting sounds induced by vibrations conveyed through air, &c., from a body already in vibration.--adv. SYMPATHET'ICALLY.--n. SYMPATHET'ICISM, undue disipostion to be sympathetic.--v.i. SYM'PATHISE, to have sympathy: to feel with or for another: to be compassionate.--ns. SYM'PATHISER; SYM'PATHISM; SYM'PATHIST.--SYMPATHETIC INK (see INK). [Gr. sympatheia--syn, with, pathos, suffering.]

SYMPELMOUS, sim-pel'mus, adj. in birds, having the tendons of the deep flexors of the toes blended in one before separating to proceed one to each of the four digits--opp. to Nomopelmous. [Gr. syn, with, pelma, the sole of the foot.]

SYMPETALOUS, sim-pet'a-lus, adj. having all the petals united.

SYMPHENOMENON, sim-f[=e]-nom'e-non, n. a phenomenon resembling others shown by the same object:--pl. SYMPHENOM'ENA.--adj. SYMPHENOM'ENAL.

SYMPHONY, sim'f[=o]-ni, n. an agreeing together in sound: unison, consonance, or harmony of sound: a musical composition for a full band of instruments: an instrumental introduction or termination to a vocal composition.--n. SYMPH[=O]'NIA, concord in Greek music: a medieval name for the bagpipe, the virginal.--adj. SYMPHON'IC, relating to, or resembling, a symphony: symphonious.--n. SYMPH[=O]'NION, a combination of pianoforte and harmonium, the precursor of the orchestrion.--adj. SYMPH[=O]'NIOUS, agreeing or harmonising in sound: accordant: harmonious.--n. SYM'PHONIST, a composer of symphonies. [Gr. symph[=o]nia--syn, together, ph[=o]n[=e] a sound.]

SYMPHORICARPOUS, sim-f[=o]-ri-kar'pus, adj. bearing several fruits clustered together.

SYMPHYLA, sim'fi-la, n.pl. an order or suborder of insects related to typical Thysanura, but resembling chilopods and having many abdominal legs.--adj. SYM'PHYLLOUS. [Gr. symphylos, of the same race--syn, with, phylon, a clan.]

SYMPHYNOTE, sim'fi-n[=o]t, adj. soldered together at the hinge, as the valves of some unios. [Gr. symphy[=e]s, growing together, n[=o]ton, the back.]

SYMPHYOGENESIS, sim-fi-[=o]-jen'e-sis, n. (bot.) the forming of an organ or part by union of parts formerly separate.--adj. SYMPHYOGENET'IC. [Gr. symphyesthai, to grow together, genesis, generation.]

SYMPHYSIS, sim'fi-sis, n. the union of two parts of the skeleton, either by confluence, by direct apposition, or by the intervention of cartilage or ligament: the union of parts normally separate, coalescence or growing together of parts.--adj. SYMPHYS'[=E]AL.--ns. SYMPHYS'IA, a malformation produced by the union of parts properly separate; SYM'PHYTISM, a coalescence of word-elements. [Gr. syn, with, phyein, to grow.]

SYMPHYTUM, sim'fi-tum, n. a genus of gamopetalous plants, of the natural order Boraginaceæ.

SYMPIESOMETER, sim-pi-e-som'e-t[.e]r, n. a barometer in which oil and hydrogen gas replace mercury and the Toricellian vacuum: an instrument for measuring the pressure of a current. [Gr. sympiesis, a pressing together--syn, with, piezein, to press, metron, a measure.]

SYMPLECTIC, sim-plek'tik, adj. placed in or among, as if woven together.--n. a bone in the Teleostean fishes which forms the lower ossification of the suspensorium, and which articulates below with the quadrate bone by which it is firmly held. [Gr. symplektikos--syn, together, plekein, to weave.]

SYMPLESITE, sim'ple-s[=i]t, n. a pearly, vitreous arseniate of ferrous iron. [Gr. syn, together, pl[=e]sios, near.]

SYMPLOCE, sim'pl[=o]-s[=e], n. (rhet.) the repetition of a word at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses. [Gr. symplok[=e], an interweaving.]

SYMPLOCIUM, sim-pl[=o]'si-um, n. (bot.) the annulus in the sporangium of ferns.

SYMPODIUM, sim-p[=o]'di-um, n. (bot.) an axis or stem morphologically made up of a series of superposed branches imitating a simple stem. [Gr. syn, with, pous, podos, foot.]

SYMPOSIUM, sim-p[=o]'zi-um, n. a drinking together: a banquet with philosophic conversation: a merry feast.--adjs. SYMP[=O]'SIAC, SYMP[=O]'SIAL.--ns. SYM-P[=O]'SIARCH, the master of the feast, a toast-master; SYMP[=O]'SIAST, one who takes part in a symposium. [L.,--Gr. symposion--syn, together, posis, a drinking--pinein, to drink.]

SYMPTOM, simp'tum, n. that which attends and indicates the existence of something else, not as a cause, but as a constant effect: (med.) that which indicates disease.--adjs. SYMPTOMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to symptoms: indicating the existence of something else: (med.) proceeding from some prior disorder.--adv. SYMPTOMAT'ICALLY.--n. SYMPTOMATOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge concerning symptoms. [Gr. sympt[=o]ma--syn, with, piptein, to fall.]

SYMPTOSIS, simp-t[=o]'sis, n. the meeting of polars of the same point with reference to different loci.

SYNACMY, sin-ak'mi, n. the simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a flower.--adj. SYNAC'MIC. [Gr. syn, with, akm[=e], maturity.]

SYNACRAL, sin-ak'ral, adj. having a common vertex, as faces of a polyhedron. [Gr. syn, with, acros, top.]

SYNADELPHIC, sin-a-del'fik, adj. acting together, as different members of an animal body. [Gr. syn, with, adelphos, a brother.]

SYNADELPHITE, sin-a-del'f[=i]t, n. an arseniate of manganese.

SYNÆRESIS. See SYNERESIS.

SYNÆSTHESIA, sin-es-th[=e]'si-a, n. sensation produced at a point different from the point of stimulation.

SYNAGOGUE, sin'a-gog, n. an assembly of Jews for worship: a Jewish place of worship.--adjs. SYN'AGOGAL, SYNAGOG'ICAL. [Fr.,--Gr. synag[=o]g[=e]--syn, together, agein, to lead.]

SYNALEPHA, sin-a-l[=e]'fa, n. a contraction by suppressing a final vowel or diphthong before another vowel or diphthong, so that the final syllable of one word runs or melts into the first of the other.--Also SYNAL[=E]'PHE. [Gr. synaloiph[=e]--synaleiphein, to melt together--syn, together with, aleiphein, to anoint.]

SYNALGIA, si-nal'ji-a, n. sympathetic pain. [Gr. syn, with, algos, pain.]

SYNALLAGMATIC, sin-a-lag-mat'ik, adj. mutually or reciprocally obligatory. [Gr. synallagmatikos--synallagma, a covenant.]

SYNANCIA, si-nan'si-a, n. a genus of fishes with spines and poison-glands, of family Synanciidæ.--adj. SYNAN'CIOID. [Gr. synangchos, quinsy.]

SYNANGIUM, si-nan'ji-um, n. an arterial trunk: the boat-shaped sorus of certain ferns. [Gr. syn, with, angeion, a vessel.]

SYNANTHEROUS, si-nan'ther-us, adj. (bot.) having the anthers united.

SYNANTHOUS, si-nan'thus, adj. (bot.) denoting plants whose flowers and leaves appear together or at the same time.--n. SYNAN'THY. [Gr. syn, together, anthos, a flower.]

SYNAPHEA, sin-a-f[=e]'a, n. the metrical continuity between one colon and another, mutual connection of all the verses in a system, so that they are scanned as one verse, as in anapæstics: elision or synalepha, at the end of a line, of the final vowel of a dactylic hexameter before the initial vowel of the next.--Also SYNAPHEI'A. [Gr.,--synaptein, to join together.]

SYNAPTE, si-nap't[=e], n. (Gr. Church) a litany. [Gr. synapt[=e] (euch[=e], a prayer), joined together.]

SYNARCHY, sin'ar-ki, n. joint sovereignty. [Gr. synarchia--syn, with, archein, to rule.]

SYNARTESIS, sin-ar-t[=e]'sis, n. a fastening together, close union.--adj. SYNARTET'IC. [Gr. synart[=e]sis--syn, with, artaein, to fasten to.]

SYNARTHROSIS, sin-ar-thr[=o]'sis, n. a joint permitting no motion, between the parts articulated.--adj. SYNARTHR[=O]'DIAL.--adv. SYNARTHR[=O]'DIALLY. [Gr. syn-arthr[=o]sis--syn, with, arthron, a joint.]

SYNASCETE, sin'a-s[=e]t, n. a fellow-ascetic.

SYNASTRY, si-nas'tri, n. coincidence as regards stellar influences. [Gr. syn, together with, astron, a star.]

SYNAXIS, si-nak'sis, n. in the early Church, an assembly for worship, esp. for celebrating the Eucharist.--n. SYNAX[=A]'RION, in Greek usage, a lection containing an account of a saint's life. [Gr. synaxis, a bringing together--syn, together, agein, to lead.]

SYNCARPOUS, sin-kär'pus, adj. (bot.) having the carpels consolidated into one. [Gr. syn, together, karpos, a fruit.]

SYNCATEGOREMATIC, sin-kat-[=e]-gor-[=e]-mat'ik, adj. denoting words that can only form parts of terms, as adverbs, &c.--adv. SYNCATEGOREMAT'ICALLY.

SYNCHONDROSIS, sing-kon-dr[=o]'sis, n. an articulation formed by the addition of a plate of cartilage.--n. SYNCHONDROT'OMY, the section of such. [Gr. syngchondr[=o]sis--syn, with, chondros, a cartilage.]

SYNCHORESIS, sing-k[=o]-r[=e]'sis, n. (rhet.) an admission made for the purpose of making a more effective retort. [Gr. synch[=o]r[=e]sis--syn, with, ch[=o]ros, space.]

SYNCHRONAL, sing'kr[=o]-nal, adj. happening or being at the same time: simultaneous: lasting for the same time--also SYNCHRON'ICAL, SYN'CHRONOUS.--adv. SYNCHRON'ICALLY.--n. SYNCHRONIS[=A]'TION.--v.i. SYN'CHRONISE, to be synchronal or simultaneous: to agree in time.--v.t. to cause to be synchronous: to regulate a clock, &c., by some standard.--ns. SYN'CHRONISER; SYN'CHRONISM, concurrence of events in time: the tabular arrangement of contemporary events, &c., in history.--adj. SYNCHRONIS'TIC, showing synchronism.--adv. SYNCHRONIS'TICALLY.--n. SYNCHRONOL'OGY, chronological arrangement side by side.--adv. SYN'CHRONOUSLY.--ns. SYN'CHRONOUSNESS; SYN'CHRONY, simultaneity. [Gr. synchronismos--synchronizein, to agree in time--syn, together, chronos, time.]

SYNCHYSIS, sing'ki-sis, n. (rhet.) confusion of meaning due to unusual arrangement: fluidity of the vitreous humour of the eye. [Gr. syngchysis--syn, together with, chein, to pour.]

SYNELASTIC, sin-klas'tik, adj. having the same kind of curvature in all directions--opp. to Anticlastic. [Gr. syn, together, klastos, broken.]

SYNCLINAL, sin-kl[=i]'nal, adj. sloping downwards in opposite directions so as to meet in a common point or line: (geol.) denoting strata dipping toward a common central line or plane.--ns. SYN'CLINE, a synclinal flexure--also SYNCL[=I]'NAL; SYNCLIN[=O]'RIUM, a mountain with a synclinal structure. [Gr. syn, together, klinein, to bend.]

SYNCOPATE, sing'k[=o]-p[=a]t, v.t. to contract, as a word, by taking away letters from the middle: (mus.) to unite by a slur the last note of a bar to the first note of the next.--adjs. SYN'COPAL, SYNCOP'IC, pertaining to syncope.--ns. SYNCOP[=A]'TION, act of syncopating; SYN'COPE, the omission of letters from the middle of a word, as ne'er for never: (med.) a fainting-fit, an attack in which the breathing and circulation become faint: (mus.) syncopation.--v.t. SYN'COPISE, to contract by syncope.--n. SYN'COPIST.--adj. SYNCOP'TIC. [Low L. syncop[=a]re, -[=a]tum--L. syncope---Gr. syn, together, koptein, to cut off.]

SYNCRETISM, sin'kre-tizm, n. the attempted reconciliation of irreconcilable principles, theological compromise--between Catholics and Protestants, between Lutherans and Reformed.--adj. SYNCRET'IC, pertaining to syncretism, tending to blend opposing parties and speculative systems by minimising differences.--v.t. SYN'CRETISE.--n. SYN'CRETIST.--adj. SYNCRETIS'TIC. [Gr. synkr[=e]tismos--synkr[=e]tizein, to unite against.]

SYNDACTYL, sin-dak'til, adj. having the digits connected with a web, &c.--n. SYNDAC'TYLISM, union of digits.--adj. SYNDAC'TYLOUS.

SYNDESMOSIS, sin-des-m[=o]'sis, n. the connection of bones by ligaments.--ns. SYNDESMOG'RAPHY, description of the ligaments and joints; SYNDESMOL'OGY, the knowledge of the ligaments.--adj. SYNDESMOT'IC.--n. SYNDESMOT'OMY, the anatomy of the ligaments. [Gr. syndesmos--syn, together with, dein, to bind.]

SYNDETIC, -AL, sin-det'ik, -al, adj. connecting by conjunctions, &c. [Gr. syndetikos, binding together--syn, together, dein, to bind.]

SYNDIC, sin'dik, n. the chief magistrate in Geneva, one of those officers delegated as agents by cities in France under the old régime, &c.: one chosen to transact business for others, esp. the accredited legal representative of a corporation, society, or company.--n. SYN'DIC[=A]TE, a body of syndics: a council: the office of a syndic: a body of men chosen to watch the interests of a company, or to manage a bankrupt's property, esp. an association of merchants or others for the purpose of carrying through some great or important enterprise, or for securing a kind of artificial monopoly in the production or supply of some commodity.--v.t. to effect by means of a syndicate.--v.i. to join in a syndicate.--ns. SYNDIC[=A]'TION; SYN'DIC[=A]TOR. [L. syndicus--Gr. syndikos--syn, with, dik[=e], justice.]

SYNDROME, sin'dr[=o]-m[=e], n. concurrence. [Gr., syn, together, dramein, to run.]

SYNDYASMIAN, sin-di-as'mi-an, adj. coupling, noting the sexual relation. [Gr. syndyasmos, coupling.]

SYNECDOCHE, sin-ek'd[=o]-k[=e], n. a figure of speech by which a part is made to comprehend the whole, or the whole is put for a part.--adj. SYNECDOCH'ICAL, expressed by, or implying, synecdoche. [Gr. synekdoch[=e]--syn, together, ekdechesthai, to receive.]

SYNECHIA, sin-e-k[=i]'a, n. morbid adhesion between the iris and the cornea.--n. SYNECHIOL'OGY, the doctrine of the connection of things by causation.--adj. SYNEC'TIC, bringing into connection things of different nature.--n. SYNECTIC'ITY. [Gr. synektikos, holding together, synechein--syn, together with, echein, to hold.]

SYNECPHONESIS, si-nek-f[=o]-n[=e]'sis, n. syneresis.

SYNEDRAL, si-n[=e]'dral, adj. (bot.) growing on the angle of a stem.--Also SYN[=E]'DROUS. [Gr. synedros, sitting together--syn, together, hedra, a seat.]

SYNEDRION, si-ned'ri-on, n. a judicial assembly, a sanhedrim--also SYNED'RIUM.--adj. SYNED'RIAL. [Sanhedrim.]

SYNEMA, si-n[=e]'ma, n. (bot.) the column of combined filaments in a monadelphous flower. [Gr. syn, together, n[=e]ma, a thread.]

SYNERESIS, SYNÆRESIS, si-ner'e-sis, n. the coalescence of two vowels or syllables--opp. to Diæresis. [Gr. syn, together, hairein, to take.]

SYNERGISM, sin'[.e]r-jizm, n. the doctrine that the human will and the Divine Spirit are two efficient agents that co-operate in regeneration--ascribed to Melanchthon.--adj. SYNERGET'IC.--n. SYN'ERGIST, one maintaining the doctrine of synergism.--adj. SYNERGIST'IC.--n. SYN'ERGY, combined action. [Gr. synergia, co-operation--syn, together, ergein, to work.]

SYNESIS, sin'e-sis, n. a grammatical construction in harmony with the sense rather than with strict syntax. [Gr., 'understanding.']

SYNGENESIOUS, sin-je-n[=e]'shus, adj. (bot.) cohering into a ring, as the anthers of Compositæ, &c.--those plants which show this forming the 19th class in the Linnean system, the SYNGEN[=E]'SIA. [Gr. syn, with, genesis, generation.]

SYNGENESIS, sin-jen'e-sis, n. the theory of reproduction which makes the embryo the product of both male and female by the union of spermatozoon and ovum: the theory that the germ so formed contains the germs of all future generations--opp. to Epigenesis.--adj. SYNGENET'IC. [Gr. syn, with, genesis, generation.]

SYNGRAPH, sing'graf, n. a writing signed by both or all the parties thereto. [Gr. synggraph[=e]--syn, with, graphein, to write.]

SYNIZESIS, sin-i-z[=e]'sis, n. the union into one syllable of two vowels incapable of forming a diphthong: closure of the pupil of the eye, with loss of sight. [Gr. syn, with, hizein, to place.]

SYNOCHUS, sin'[=o]-kus, n. a continued fever--also SYN'OCHA.--adjs. SYN'OCHAL, SYN'OCHOID. [Gr. synochos, joined together--syn, with, echein, to hold.]

SYNOCIL, sin'[=o]-sil, n. a filamentous formation of certain sponges, supposed to function as a sense-organ, probably an eye. [Gr. syn, with, L. cilium, an eyelid.]

SYNOCREATE, si-nok'r[=e]-[=a]t, adj. (bot.) uniting together on the opposite side of the stem from the leaf, and enclosing the stem in a sheath--of stipules. [Gr. syn, with, and ocreate.]

SYNOD, sin'od, n. a meeting: an ecclesiastical council: among Presbyterians, a church court consisting of several presbyteries, intermediate between these and the General Assembly, also the supreme court of the United Presbyterian Church until its union with the Free Church in 1900.--adjs. SYN'ODAL, SYNOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to a synod: done in a synod.-adv. SYNOD'ICALLY.--n. SYN'ODIST. [L. synodus--Gr. synodos--syn, together, hodos, a way.]

SYNOECIOUS, si-n[=e]'shi-us, adj. (bot.) having male and female flowers in one head as in the Compositæ: having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle, as in many mosses. [Gr. synoikia, a living together--syn, with, oikein, to dwell.]

SYNOMOSY, sin'[=o]-m[=o]-si, n. a body of political or other conspirators bound together by oath, a secret society. [Gr. syn[=o]mosia, a conspiracy--syn, with, omnynai, to take an oath.]

SYNONYM, sin'o-nim, n. a name or word having the same meaning with another: one of two or more words which have the same meaning.--adjs. SYNONYMAT'IC, SYNONYM'IC, -AL.--ns. SYNONYM'ICON, a dictionary of synonymous words; SYNONYM'ICS, synonymy.--v.t. SYNON'YMISE, to express by other words of the same meaning.--ns. SYNON'YMIST, one who studies synonyms, or the different names of plants and animals; SYNONYM'ITY, the state of being synonymous.--adj. SYNON'YMOUS, pertaining to synonyms: expressing the same thing: having the same meaning.--adv. SYNON'YMOUSLY.--n. SYNON'YMY, the quality of being synonymous: a rhetorical figure by which synonymous words are used. [Gr. syn[=o]nymon--syn, with, onoma, a name.]

SYNOPSIS, si-nop'sis, n. a view of the whole together: a collective or general view of any subject:--pl. SYNOP'S[=E]S.--adjs. SYNOP'TIC, -AL, affording a general view of the whole.--adv. SYNOP'TICALLY.--n. SYNOP'TIST, one of the writers of the Synoptic Gospels.--adj. SYNOPTIS'TIC.--The SYNOPTIC GOSPELS, a name first used by Griesbach for the first three gospels, those of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which present such a similarity in matter and form that they readily admit of being brought under one and the same combined view or synopsis. [Gr. synopsis--syn, with, together, opsis, a view.]

SYNOSTEOSIS, si-nos-t[=e]-[=o]'sis, n. union of different parts of the skeleton by means of bone, co-ossification--also SYNOST[=O]'SIS.--ns. SYNOSTEOL'OGY, the knowledge of the joints of the body; SYNOSTEOT'OMY, the dissection of the joints.--adj. SYNOSTOT'IC. [Gr. syn, together, osteon, a bone.]

SYNOTUS, si-n[=o]'tus, n. a genus of long-eared bats having the rim of the ear produced in front of the eye, including the European Barbastel: a double monster united above the umbilicus, the head incompletely double. [Gr. syn, together, ous, [=o]tos, the ear.]

SYNOVIAL, sin-[=o]'vi-al, adj. relating to SYN[=O]'VIA, an unctuous albuminous fluid, secreted from certain glands in the joints.--adv. SYN[=O]'VIALLY.--n. SYNOV[=I]'TIS, inflammation of a synovial membrane. [Gr. syn, with, [=o]on, an egg.]

SYNTAX, sin'taks, n. (gram.) the correct arrangement of words in sentences.--adjs. SYNTAC'TIC, -AL, pertaining to syntax: according to the rules of syntax.--adv. SYNTAC'TICALLY. [Gr. syntaxis--syn, together, tassein, taxein, to put in order.]

SYNTENOSIS, sin-te-n[=o]'sis, n. the connection of bones by tendons. [Gr. syn, with, ten[=o]n, a sinew.]

SYNTERESIS, sin-t[=e]-r[=e]'sis, n. preventive treatment, prophylaxis.--adj. SYNTERET'IC.--n. SYNTERET'ICS, hygiene. [Gr. synt[=e]r[=e]sis, observation--syn, with, t[=e]rein, to watch over.]

SYNTEXIS, sin-tek'sis, n. a wasting of the body.--adjs. SYNTEC'TIC, -AL. [Gr. synt[=e]xis, a wasting away--syn, with, t[=e]kein, to melt.]

SYNTHERMAL, sin-th[.e]rm'al, adj. having the same degree of heat. [Gr. syn, together, therm[=e], heat.]

SYNTHESIS, sin'the-sis, n. a term applied to the building up of compound substances from the elements they contain or from other compounds, usually of less complexity than themselves: a making a whole out of parts: the combination of separate elements of thought into a whole, or reasoning from principles previously established to a conclusion, as opposed to analysis: (gram.) the uniting of ideas into a sentence: (med.) the reunion of parts that have been divided: (chem.) the uniting of elements to form a compound:--pl. SYN'THESES (-s[=e]z).--v.t. SYN'THES[=I]SE, to unite by synthesis.--ns. SYN'THESIST, SYN'THETIST, one who synthetises.--adjs. SYNTHET'IC, -AL, pertaining to synthesis: consisting in synthesis or composition.--adv. SYNTHET'ICALLY.--n. SYNTHET'ICISM, the principles of synthesis, a synthetic system.--v.t. SYN'THETISE.--SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY, the system of Herbert Spencer, so called by himself because conceived as a fusion of the different sciences into a whole. [Gr. synthesis--syn, with, together, thesis, a placing--tith[=e]mi, I place.]

SYNTHRONUS, sin'thr[=o]-nus, n. the seat of the bishop and his presbyters, behind the altar. [Gr. syn, together with, thronos, a throne.]

SYNTONIN, sin't[=o]-nin, n. a substance akin to fibrin, which is an important constituent of muscular tissue--also called Muscle Fibrin.

SYNTONOUS, sin't[=o]-nus, adj. intense in quality.--Also SYNTON'IC. [Gr. syntonos, tightly drawn.]

SYNTROPIC, sin-trop'ik, adj. turning or pointing in the same direction, as several vertebræ. [Gr. syn, together with, trepein, to turn.]

SYPHILIS, sif'i-lis, n. a markedly contagious, infective, and inoculable disease, capable of being transmitted to the offspring, propagated by direct contagion or by the transmission of the virus through some vessel or medium which has recently been contaminated--most commonly caused by impure sexual intercourse.--n. SYPHILIS[=A]'TION.--v.t. SYPH'ILISE, to attempt to inoculate the system with the virus of syphilis as a preventive and curative measure.--adj. SYPHILIT'IC.--n. SYPHILOG'RAPHY, the description of syphilis.--adj. SYPH'ILOID, relating to syphilis.--ns. SYPHILOL'OGIST, one versed in syphilology; SYPHILOL'OGY, the knowledge of syphilis; SYPHIL[=O]'MA, a syphilitic tumour; SYPHILOPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid dread of contracting syphilis. [The word is borrowed from the name of a figure in Fracastoro's poem, Syphilidis Libri III.]

SYPHON, SYREN. Same as SIPHON, SIREN.

SYRIAC, sir'i-ak, adj. relating to Syria, or to its language.--n. the language, esp. the ancient language of Syria, a western dialect of Aramaic (q.v.).--ns. SYR'IACISM, SYR'IANISM, a Syrian idiom.--adj. SYR'IAN, relating to Syria.--n. a native of Syria.--n. SYR'IARCH, the chief priest in the Roman province of Syria.

SYRINGA, s[=i]-ring'ga, n. the mock-orange.

SYRINGE, sir'inj, n. a portable hydraulic instrument of the pump kind, used to draw in a quantity of liquid and eject it forcibly: a tube used by surgeons for injecting, &c.--v.t. to inject or clean with a syringe. [L. syrinx, (gen.) syringos--Gr. syringx, a reed.]

SYRINGOTOMY, sir-in-got'[=o]-mi, n. the operation of cutting for the fistula.--n. SYR'INX, a fistula or fistulous opening: a narrow gallery in the tombs of ancient Egypt. [Gr. syringx, a pipe, tom[=e], a cutting--temnein, to cut.]

SYROPHOENICIAN, s[=i]-r[=o]-f[=e]-nish'an, adj. pertaining to Syro-Phoenicia or its people, of mixed Phoenician and Syrian descent.

SYRTIS, s[.e]r'tis, n. (Milt.) a quicksand--also SYRT.--adj. SYR'TIC. [L.,--Gr.--syrein, to draw along.]

SYRUP, sir'up, n. a saturated solution of sugar boiled to prevent fermentation: the juice of fruits saturated with sugar and many flavoured liquids, treated in the same way--also SIR'UP.--adj. SYR'UPY. [Fr. syrop--Sp. xarope, a drink--Ar. shar[=a]b.]

SYSSARCOSIS, sis-ar-k[=o]'sis, n. the connection of one bone with another by intervening muscle.--adj. SYSSARC[=O]'SIC. [Gr., syn, together, sarx, flesh.]

SYSSITIA, si-sit'i-a, n. the ancient Spartan custom of eating together in public the chief meal of the day. [Gr. syn, together with, sitos, food.]

SYSTALTIC, sis-tal'tik, adj. alternately contracting and dilating, pulsatory. [Gr. systaltikos--syn, together, stellein, to place.]

SYSTASIS, sis't[=a]-sis, n. a union or confederation.--adj. SYSTAT'IC, introductory, recommendatory. [Gr. syn, with, histanai, to set up.]

SYSTEM, sis'tem, n. anything formed of parts placed together or adjusted into a regular and connected whole: an assemblage of bodies as a connected whole: an orderly arrangement of objects according to some common law or end: regular method or order: a full and connected view of some department of knowledge: an explanatory hypothesis or theory: the universe.--adjs. SYSTEMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or consisting of, system: formed or done according to system: methodical.--adv. SYSTEMAT'ICALLY.--ns. SYSTEMATI'CIAN; SYSTEMATIS[=A]'TION, SYSTEMIS[=A]'TION.--vs.t. SYS'TEMATISE, SYS'TEMISE, to reduce to a system.--ns. SYS'TEMATISER; SYS'TEMATISM; SYS'TEMATIST; SYSTEMATOL'OGY.--adjs. SYSTEM'IC, systematic; pertaining to the human system; SYS'TEMLESS, without system: not exhibiting organic structure.--ns. SYS'TEM-M[=A]K'ER, -MON'GER, one unduly fond of constructing systems. [Gr. syst[=e]ma--syn, together, hist[=e]mi, I place.]

SYSTOLE, s[=i]s't[=o]-l[=e], n. the regular contraction of the heart for impelling the blood outward--opp. to Diastole: (gram.) the shortening of a long syllable.--adj. SYSTOL'IC. [Gr. systol[=e]--syn, together, stellein, to place.]

SYSTYLE, sis't[=i]l, n. (archit.) the arrangement of columns so that they are only two diameters apart: a front or portico having columns so arranged.--adj. SYS'TYLOUS (bot.), having the styles united into a single body. [Gr. syn, with, stylos, a column.]

SYTHE=Scythe.

SYZYGY, siz'i-ji, n. the relative position of a planet (esp. the moon) when either in conjunction or in opposition with the sun: the period of new or full moon:--pl. SYZ'YGIES.--n. SYZ'YGANT (-gant), a rational integral function of the invariants of a quantic that vanishes when expressed as a function of the coefficients.--adj. SYZYGET'IC, pertaining to a linear relation.--adv. SYZYGET'ICALLY.--adj. SYZYG'IAL, pertaining to a syzygy. [Gr. syzygia, union.]

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T the twentieth letter in our alphabet, its sound that of the hard dental mute, produced by the tip of the tongue being brought into contact with the base of the upper teeth: as a medieval numeral=160; [=T]=160,000: something fashioned like a T, or having a cross section like a T--also written TEE and sometimes TAU.--ns. T'-BAND'AGE, a bandage composed of two strips fashioned in the shape of the letter T, as for use about the perineum; T'-CART, a four-wheeled pleasure-vehicle without top, having a T-shaped body; T'-CLOTH, a plain cotton made for the India and China market--stamped with a T; T'-CROSS, a tau-cross; T'-PLATE, a T-shaped plate, as for strengthening a joint in a wooden framework; T'-RAIL, a rail, as for a railway, having a T-like cross section; T'-SQUARE, a ruler shaped like the letter T, used in mechanical and architectural drawing.--TO A T, with perfect exactness; BE MARKED WITH A T, to be branded as a thief.

TAB, tab, n. a small tag, flap, or strap, forming an appendage of something: reckoning, tally, check.

TABANUS, ta-b[=a]'nus, n. a genus of flies, including the horse-flies. [L.]

TABARD, tab'ard, n. a military cloak of the 15th and 16th centuries, now a loose sleeveless coat worn by heralds.--n. TAB'ARDER, one who wears a tabard. [O. Fr.,--Low L. tabardum; perh. conn, with L. tapete, tapestry.]

TABARET, tab'a-ret, n. an upholsterer's silk stuff, with alternate stripes of watered and satin surface. [Tabby.]

TABASHEER, TABASBIR, tab-a-sh[=e]r', n. a substance, consisting chiefly of silica, sometimes found in the cavities or tubular parts of the stems of bamboos and other large grasses, and prized by the Hindus as a tonic, &c., prepared by imperfect calcination and trituration. [Hind. tab[=a]sh[=i]r.]

TABBY, tab'i, n. a coarser kind of waved or watered silk: an artificial stone, a mixture of lime, shells, gravel, stones, and water: a female cat--also TABB'Y-CAT.--adj. brindled: diversified in colour.--v.t. to water or cause to look wavy:--pa.t. and pa.p. tabb'ied.--n. TABB'INET, a more delicate kind of tabby resembling damask, used for window-curtains. [Fr. tabis--Ar. 'att[=a]b[=i], a kind of rich, waved silk--'Attabiya, the quarter in Bagdad where first made.]

TABEFACTION, tab-[=e]-fak'shun, n. a wasting away from disease.--v.t. TAB'EFY, to emaciate.--v.i. to lose flesh, to waste away.--ns. T[=A]'BES, a gradual wasting away; TABES'CENCE.--adjs. TABES'CENT; TABET'IC; TAB'IC; TAB'ID.--adv. TAB'IDLY.--n. TAB'IDNESS.--adj. TABIF'IC, causing tabes.--n. TAB'ITUDE, state of one affected with tabes.--TABES DORSALIS, the same as locomotor ataxia. [L. tabes, a wasting, tab[=e]re, to waste away.]

TABELLA, t[=a]-bel'a, n. a medicated lozenge or hard electuary.--adj. TAB'ELLARY, tabular.--n. TABELL'ION, an official scrivener in the Roman empire, and in France down to 1761. [L. tabella, dim. of tabula, a table.]

TABER, v.i. (B.). Same as TABOUR.

TABERD, tab'[.e]rd, n. Same as TABARD.

TABERNACLE, tab'[.e]r-na-kl, n. (B.) the movable tent carried by the Jews through the desert, and used as a temple: a tent: the human body as the temporary abode of the soul: a place of worship or sacred place: (R.C.) the place in which the consecrated elements of the Eucharist are kept: a socket permitting a mast to be lowered beneath bridges.--v.i. to dwell: to abide for a time.--adj. TABERNAC'ULAR.--TABERNACLE WORK (archit.), ornamental work over niches, stalls, &c. with canopies and pinnacles, or any work in which such forms a characteristic feature.--FEAST OF TABERNACLES, a Jewish autumn festival, celebrating the sojourning of the children of Israel in the wilderness (Lev. xxiii. 43), and the gathering-in of all the fruits of the year (Ex. xxiii. 16). [L. tabernaculum, double dim. of taberna, a hut, shed of boards.]

TABLATURE, tab'la-t[=u]r, n. something tabular: a painting on a wall or ceiling: a picture in general: a method of musical notation, principally employed in the 15th and 16th centuries for the lute: (anat.) a division of the skull into two tables. [Fr.,--L. tabula, a board.]

TABLE, t[=a]'bl, n. a smooth, flat slab or board, with legs, used as an article of furniture: supply of food, entertainment: the company at a table: the board or table on which a game is played, as billiards, backgammon, draughts: a surface on which something is written or engraved: that which is cut or written on a flat surface: a flat gravestone supported on pillars: an inscription: a condensed statement: syllabus or index; (B.) a writing tablet.--adj. of or pertaining to a table, or the food partaken from the table.--v.t. to make into a table or catalogue: to lay (money) on the table: to pay down: to lay on the table--i.e. to postpone consideration of.--ns. T[=A]'BLE-BEER, light beer for common use; T[=A]'BLE-BOOK, a book of tablets, on which anything is written without ink: a note-book: a book of tables, as of weights, measures, &c.; T[=A]'BLE-CLOTH, a cloth usually of linen, for covering a table, esp. at meals; T[=A]'BLE-COV'ER, a cloth for covering a table, esp. at other than meal-times; TABLE-D'HÔTE (ta'bl-d[=o]t), a meal for several persons at the same hour and at fixed prices; T[=A]'BLEFUL, as many as a table will hold; T[=A]'BLELAND, an extensive region of elevated land with a plain-like or undulating surface: a plateau; T[=A]'BLE-LEAF, a board at the side of a table which can be put up or down to vary the size of the table; T[=A]'BLE-LIN'EN, linen table-cloths, napkins, &c.; T[=A]'BLE-MON'EY, an allowance granted to general officers in the army, and flag-officers in the navy, to enable them to fulfil the duties of hospitality within their respective commands; T[=A]'BLE-RAP'PING, production of raps on tables by alleged spiritual agency.--n.pl. T[=A]'BLES, the game of backgammon.--ns. T[=A]'BLE-SPOON, one of the largest spoons used at table; T[=A]'BLE-SPOON'FUL, as much as will fill a table-spoon; T[=A]'BLE-TALK, familiar conversation, as that round a table, during and after meals; T[=A]'BLE-TURN'ING, movements of tables or other objects, attributed by spiritualists to the agency of spirits--by rational persons to involuntary muscular action--similarly T[=A]'BLE-LIFT'ING, T[=A]'BLE-RAP'PING; T[=A]'BLE-WARE, dishes, spoons, knives, forks, &c. for table use.--adv. T[=A]'BLEWISE, like a table--of the communion-table, with the ends east and west--opp. to Altar-wise.--ns. T[=A]'BLE-WORK, the setting of type for tables, columns of figures, &c.; T[=A]'BLING, the act of tabling or forming into tables: (carp.) a rude dove-tailing: (naut.) a broad hem on the skirts of sails.--THE LORD'S TABLE, the table at which the Lord's Supper is partaken, or on which the elements are laid: the Lord's Supper.--FENCE THE TABLES (see FENCE); LAY ON THE TABLE, to lay aside any proposed measure indefinitely, or for future discussion; LIE ON THE TABLE, to be laid upon the table; TURN THE TABLES, to bring about a complete reversal of circumstances. [O. Fr. table--L. tabula, a board.]

TABLEAU, tab'l[=o], n. a picture: a striking and vivid representation:--pl. TABLEAUX (tab'l[=o]z).--TABLEAU VIVANT, a representation of a historical or other personage by a motionless living person dressed in suitable costume. [Fr.,--L. tabula, a painting.]

TABLET, tab'let, n. a small flat surface: something flat on which to write, paint, &c.: a confection in a flat square form.--n. TAB'LOID, a small tablet containing a certain definite portion of some drug, a troche or lozenge. Registered trade mark. [Dim. of table.]

TABOO, TABU, ta-b[=oo]', n. an institution among the Polynesians, forming a penal system based on religious sanctions, by which certain things are held sacred or consecrated, and hence prohibited to be used--by a natural transference of meaning by association of ideas becoming equivalent to 'unholy,' 'accursed'--also TAMBOO', TAMBU', and TAPU': any prohibition, interdict, restraint, ban, exclusion, ostracism.--v.t. to forbid approach to: to forbid the use of:--pr.p. tab[=oo]'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. tab[=oo]ed'. [Polynesian tapu--prob. ta, to mark, pu, expressing intensity.]

TABOR, t[=a]'bor, n. a camp amongst the ancient nomadic Slavs and Turks, inside a ring of wagons.

TABORITE, t[=a]'bor-[=i]t, n. one of the more extreme party of the Hussites, as opposed to the Calixtines or Utraquists, so named from their headquarters being at Mount Tabor, 24 miles N.E. of Pisek.

TABOUR, TABOR, t[=a]'bor, n. a small drum like the timbrel or tambourine without jingles, usually played with one stick, and in combination with a fife.--v.i. to play on a tabour: to beat lightly and often:--pr.p. t[=a]'bouring: pa.p. t[=a]'boured.--ns. T[=A]'BORER (Shak.), one who beats the tabour; TAB'ORINE (Shak.), a tabour or small drum; TAB'OURET, TAB'RET, a small tabour or drum; TAB'R[=E]RE (Spens.), a labourer. [O. Fr. tabour (Fr. tambour)--Pers. tamb[=u]r, a kind of cithern.]

TABOURET, tab'[=oo]-ret, n. a cushioned seat, without arms or back, highly ornamented: a frame for embroidery: a needle-case.

TABU. Same as TABOO.

TABULAR, tab'[=u]-lar, adj. of the form of, or pertaining to, a table: having a flat surface: arranged in a table or schedule, computed from tables: having the form of laminæ or plates.--ns. TAB'ULA, a writing-tablet, a legal record: a frontal: a dissepiment in corals, &c.; TABULARIS[=A]'TION, the act of tabularising or forming into tables: the state of being tabularised.--v.t. TAB'ULARISE, to put in a tabular form: to tabulate:--pr.p. tab'[=u]lar[=i]sing; pa.p. tab'[=u]lar[=i]sed.--adv. TAB'ULARLY.--v.t. TAB'UL[=A]TE, to reduce to tables or synopses: to shape with a flat surface.--n. TABUL[=A]'TION, the act of forming into tables.

TACAHOUT, tak'a-howt, n. an Arab name for the small gall formed on the tamarisk-tree, and used as one source for obtaining gallic acid.

TACAMAHAC, tak'a-ma-hak, n. a gum-resin yielded by several tropical trees. [South American.]

TAC-AU-TAC, tak'-[=o]-tak', n. in fencing, the parry combined with the riposte, also a series of close attacks and parries between fencers of equal skill. [Fr.]

TACE, t[=a]'s[=e], be silent.--TACE IS LATIN FOR A CANDLE, a phrase understood as requesting or promising silence. [L., imper. of tac[=e]re, to be silent.]

TACHE, tash, n. (B.) a fastening or catch. [Tack.]

TACHE, tash, n. a spot, stain, or freckle: a moral blemish: a characteristic. [Fr.]

TACHOMETER, t[=a]-kom'e-t[.e]r, n. an instrument for measuring variations in the velocity of machines.--Also TACHYM'ETER. [Gr. tachos, speed, metron, a measure.]

TACHYGRAPHY, t[=a]-kig'ra-fi, n. stenography, the art of writing in abbreviations.--n. TACHYG'RAPHER.--adjs. TACHYGRAPN'IC, -AL. [Gr. tachys, swift, graphein, to write.]

TACHYLITE, tak'i-l[=i]t, n. a black opaque natural glass, which results from the rapid cooling of molten basalt, occurring as a thin selvage to dikes and veins of intrusive basalt.--adj. TACHYLIT'IC.

TACHYMETER, t[=a]-kim'e-t[.e]r, n. a surveying instrument--also TACHEOM'ETER.--n. TACHYM'ETRY, scientific use of the tachymeter.

TACIT, tas'it, adj. implied, but not expressed by words: silent, giving no sound.--adv. TAC'ITLY.--n. TAC'ITNESS.--adj. TAC'ITURN, habitually tacit or silent: not fond of talking: reserved in speech.--ns. TAC'ITURNIST, one habitually taciturn; TACITURN'ITY, habitual silence: reserve in speaking.--adv. TAC'ITURNLY. [L. tacitus, pa.p. of tac[=e]re, to be silent.]

TACK, tak, n. a short, sharp nail with a broad head: a fastening, a long temporary stitch: the weather clew or foremost lower corner of any of the courses, or of any sail set with a boom or gaff, or of a flag, also the rope by which such clew or tack is confined or fastened: the course of a ship in reference to the position of her sails: a determinate course, the art of tacking, hence a change of policy, a strategical move: a shelf for drying cheese: term of a lease: adhesiveness, sticky condition, as of varnish, &c.--v.t. to attach or fasten, esp. in a slight manner, as by tacks.--v.i. to change the course or tack of a ship by shifting the position of the sails: to shift one's position, to veer.--adj. TACK'Y, adhesive, viscous. [Most prob. Celt., Ir. taca, a pin, Bret. tach, a nail.]

TACK, tak, n. (prov.) any distinctive and permanent flavour.

TACK, tak, n. food generally, fare, esp. of the bread kind, as hard tack, soft tack, &c.

TACKET, tak'et, n. (Scot.) a hobnail in the soles of strong shoes.

TACKLE, tak'l, n. the ropes, rigging, &c. of a ship: tools, weapons: ropes, &c., for raising heavy weights: a pulley.--v.t. to harness: (prov.) to seize or take hold of, attack, fasten upon.--v.i. to get a hold of.--adj. TACK'LED, made of ropes tackled together.--ns. TACK'LING, furniture or apparatus belonging to the masts, yards, &c. of a ship: harness for drawing a carriage: tackle or instruments; TACKS'MAN, a tenant or lessee. [Scand., Sw. tackel--Ice. taka, to take.]

TACKY, tak'i, n. (U.S.) a poor ill-conditioned horse.

TACT, takt, n. adroitness in managing the feelings of persons dealt with: nice perception in seeing and doing exactly what is best in the circumstances: (mus.) the stroke in keeping time.--adjs. TACT'FUL; TAC'TILE, that may be touched or felt.--ns. TACTIL'ITY, state of being tactile: touchiness; TAC'TION, act of touching: sense of touch.--adj. TACT'LESS, without tact.--n. TACT'LESSNESS.--adj. TACT'[=U]AL, relating to, or derived from, the sense of touch.--adv. TACT'[=U]ALLY.--n. TACT'US, the sense of touch. [L. tactus--tang[)e]re, tactum, to touch.]

TACTICS, tak'tiks, n.sing. the science or art of manoeuvring military and naval forces in the presence of the enemy: way or method of proceeding.--adjs. TAC'TIC, -AL, pertaining to tactics.--adv. TAC'TICALLY.--n. TACTI'CIAN, one skilled in tactics. [Gr. taktik[=e] (techn[=e], art, understood), art of arranging men in a field of battle--tassein, taxein, to arrange.]

TADPOLE, tad'p[=o]l, n. a young toad or frog in its first state, before the tail is absorbed and the limbs pushed forth.--n. TAD (U.S.), a street-boy. [A toad with a poll.]

TÆDIUM, t[=e]'di-um, n. weariness, tediousness. [L.]

TAEL, t[=a]l, n. the Chinese liang or ounce, equal to 1-1/3 oz. avoir.: a money of account in China, equivalent to a tael weight of pure silver, or to about 1250 of the copper coin known as 'cash.' The value of the Haikwan tael, or customs tael, is about 4s. 9d. English, varying with the price of silver.

TA'EN, t[=a]n, a contraction of taken.

TÆNIA, t[=e]'ni-a, n. a ribbon or fillet: the fillet above the architrave of the Doric order: a tapeworm.--n. TÆ'NICIDE, a drug that destroys tapeworms.--adj. TÆ'NIFORM, ribbon-like.--n. TÆ'NIFUGE, anything used to expel tapeworms.--adj. TÆ'NIOID, ribbon-like. [L.,--Gr. tainia, a band.]

TAFFEREL, taf'[.e]r-el, TAFFRAIL, taf'r[=a]l, n. the upper part of a ship's stern timbers. [Dut. tafereel, a panel--tafel, a table--L. tabula, a table; cf. Ger. täfelei, flooring--tafel, a table.]

TAFFETA, taf'e-ta, n. a thin glossy silk-stuff having a wavy lustre: (orig.) silk-stuff plainly woven.--Also TAFF'ETY. [It. taffetà--Pers. t[=a]ftah, woven--t[=a]ftan, to twist.]

TAFFY, taf'i, n. Same as TOFFY.

TAFFY, taf'i, n. a Welshman--from Davy.

TAFIA, taf'i-a, n. a variety of rum. [Malay.]

TAFT, taft, v.t. in plumbing, to spread the end of a lead pipe outward so as to form a wide thin flange.

TAG, tag, n. a tack or point of metal at the end of a string: any small thing tacked or attached to another: any pendant or appendage, the tip of an animal's tail: the rabble collectively, anything mean.--v.t. to fit a tag or point to: to tack, fasten, or hang to: to dog or follow closely.--v.i. to make tags, to string words or ideas together: to go behind as a follower:--pr.p. tag'ging; pa.t. and pa.p. tagged.--ns. TAG'-END, a loosely connected end, the concluding part; TAG'GER, anything that tags, an appendage.--n.pl. TAG'GERS, thin sheet-iron.--n. and adj. TAG'RAG, a fluttering rag, a tatter: the rabble, or denoting it--the same as Rag-tag, often in phrase TAGRAG AND BOBTAIL.--ns. TAG'-SORE, a disease in sheep, in which, the tail is excoriated through diarrhoea; TAG'-TAIL, a worm with a tail like a tag: a hanger-on, parasite. [A weaker form of tack.]

TAG, tag, n. a children's game in which the object is for the player to chase the rest until he touches one, who then takes his place as TAGG'GER.--v.t. to touch or hit in this game.

TAGHAIRM, tag'erm, n. an ancient mode of divination among the Scotch Highlanders, in which a man was wrapped in a fresh bullock's hide and left by a running stream to wait for inspiration. [Gael.]

TAGLIA, tal'ya, n. a rope and pulleys, tackle with a set of sheaves in a fixed block and another set in a movable block to which the weight is attached. [It.]

TAGLIONI, tal-y[=o]'ni, n. a kind of overcoat, so called from the famous family of dancers, the most famous of whom was Maria Taglioni (1804-84).

TAHA, tä'ha, n. an African weaver-bird of the family Ploceidæ.

TAHLI, tä'li, n. a Hindu gold ornament worn by the wives of Brahmans.

TAHONA, ta-h[=o]'na, n. a crushing-mill for ores worked by horse-power. [Sp.,--Ar.]

TAI, t[=i], n. the Japanese bream.

TAIC, tä'ik, adj. pertaining to the Tai, the chief race in the Indo-Chinese peninsula, including the Siamese, the Laos, &c.--n. the group of languages spoken by the Tai.

TAIGLE, t[=a]'gl, v.t. (Scot.) to entangle, hinder.--v.i. to delay, tarry.

TAIL, t[=a]l, n. the posterior extremity of an animal, its caudal appendage: anything resembling a tail in appearance, position, &c.: the back, lower, or hinder part of anything: a retinue, suite: a queue or body of persons in single file: anything long and hanging, as a catkin, train of a comet, long curl of hair, &c.: in Turkey, a horse-tail, formerly carried before a pasha as an emblem of relative rank.--n. TAIL'-BOARD, the board at the hinder end of a cart or wagon, which can be let down or removed, for convenience in unloading.--adj. TAILED, having a tail of a specified kind.--ns. TAIL'-END, the hind part of any animal, the tip of the tail: the end or finish of anything, the fag-end: (pl.) inferior corn sorted out from that of better quality; TAIL'-FEATH'ER, one of the rectrices or rudder-feathers of a bird's tail; TAIL'-GATE, the aft or lower gate of a canal lock.--n.pl. TAIL'INGS, refuse, dregs.--adj. TAIL'LESS, having no tail.--ns. TAIL'PIECE, a piece at the tail or end, esp. of a series, as of engravings; TAIL'PIPE, the suction pipe in a pump.--v.t. to fasten something to the tail of, as a dog, to fix something to one by way of joke.--ns. TAIL'RACE, the channel in which water runs away below a mill-wheel; TAIL'ROPE, in coal-mining, a rope extending from the hind part of a car or kibble in a slightly inclined passage, by means of which the empties are drawn 'inby,' while the loaded cars are drawn 'outby.'--LAY, or PUT, SALT ON THE TAIL OF (see SALT); MAKE NEITHER HEAD NOR TAIL OF ANYTHING (see HEAD); TURN TAIL, to run away, to shirk a combat; TWIST THE LION'S TAIL (U.S.), to goad or insult the pacific and long-suffering British public feeling for political purposes in America; WITH THE TAIL BETWEEN THE LEGS, in a cowardly way, after the manner of a beaten cur when he sneaks away. [A.S. tægel; Ger. zagel; Goth. tagl, hair.]

TAIL, t[=a]l, n. (law) the term applied to an estate which is cut off or limited to certain heirs.--ns. TAIL'[=A]GE, TALL'[=A]GE. [Fr. taille, cutting. Cf. Entail.]

TAILOR, t[=a]l'ur, n. one whose business is to cut out and make men's clothes:--fem. TAIL'ORESS.--v.i. to work as a tailor.--v.t. to make clothes for.--ns. TAIL'OR-BIRD, one of several Oriental small passerine birds which sew leaves together to form a nest: TAIL'ORING, the business or work of a tailor.--adj. TAIL'OR-MADE, made by a tailor, esp. of plain, close-fitting garments for women, in imitation of men's. [Fr. tailleur--tailler, to cut.]

TAILZIE, TAILYE, t[=a]l'y[=e], n. (law) a Scotch form of tail.

TAINT, t[=a]nt, v.t. to tinge, moisten, or impregnate with anything noxious: to infect: to stain.--v.i. to be affected with something corrupting.--n. a stain or tincture: infection or corruption: a spot: a moral blemish.--adj. TAINT'LESS, without taint, pure.--adv. TAINT'LESSLY, without taint.--n. TAINT'URE (Shak.), taint, tinge, stain. [O. Fr. taint (Fr. teint), pa.p. of teindre, to dye--L. ting[)e]re, tinctum, to wet.]

T'ÂI-P'ING, t[=i]-ping', n. the name given by foreigners to one of the followers of Hung Hsiû-ch'wan (S'eiw-tseuen), who raised the standard of rebellion in China in 1851, and whose enterprise was finally suppressed in 1865 mainly through the vigour of Colonel Charles ('Chinese') Gordon, the hero of Khartoum.

TAISCH, t[=a]sh, n. the sound of the voice of a person about to die heard by some one at a distance beyond the range of ordinary sounds.--Also TASK. [Gael. taibhs, taibhse, an apparition.]

TAJ, täj, n. a crown, a distinctive head-dress, esp. the tall conical cap worn by Mohammedan dervishes--applied as expressing pre-eminence to the Taj Mahal, the magnificent mausoleum of Shah Jehan (1628-58) at Agra. [Pers.]

TAKE, t[=a]k, v.t. to lay hold of: to get into one's possession: to catch: to capture: to captivate: to receive: to choose: to use: to allow: to understand: to agree to: to become affected with.--v.i. to catch: to have the intended effect: to gain reception, to please: to move or direct the course of: to have recourse to:--pa.t. took; pa.p. t[=a]'ken.--n. quantity of fish taken or captured at one time.--ns. TAKE'-IN, an imposition, fraud: that by which one is deceived; TAKE'-OFF, a burlesque representation of any one; T[=A]'KER; T[=A]'KING, act of taking or gaining possession: a seizing: agitation, excitement: (Spens. sickness: (Shak.) witchery: malignant influence.--adj. captivating: alluring.--adv. T[=A]'KINGLY.--n. T[=A]'KINGNESS, quality of being taking or attractive.--adj. T[=A]'KY, attractive.--TAKE ADVANTAGE OF, to employ to advantage: to make use of circumstances to the prejudice of; TAKE AFTER, to follow in resemblance; TAKE AIR, to be disclosed or made public; TAKE BREATH, to stop in order to breathe, to be refreshed; TAKE CARE, CARE OF (see CARE); TAKE DOWN, to reduce: to bring down from a higher place, to lower: to swallow: to pull down: to write down; TAKE FOR, to mistake; TAKE FRENCH LEAVE (see FRENCH); TAKE FROM, to derogate or detract from; TAKE HEED, to be careful; TAKE HEED TO, to attend to with care; TAKE IN, to enclose, to embrace: to receive: to contract, to furl, as a sail: to comprehend: to accept as true: to cheat: (Shak.) to conquer; TAKE IN HAND, to undertake; TAKE INTO ONE'S HEAD, to be seized with a sudden notion; TAKE IN VAIN, to use with unbecoming levity or profaneness; TAKE IN WITH, to deceive by means of; TAKE IT OUT OF, to extort reparation from: to exhaust the strength or energy of; TAKE LEAVE (see LEAVE); TAKEN IN, deceived, cheated; TAKE NOTICE, to observe: to show that observation is made: (with of) to remark upon; TAKE OFF, to remove: to swallow: to mimic or imitate; TAKE ON, to take upon: to claim a character: (coll.) to grieve; TAKE ORDERS, to receive ordination; TAKE ORDER WITH (Bacon), to check; TAKE OUT, to remove from within: to deduct: (Shak.) to copy; TAKE PART, to share; TAKE PLACE, to happen: to prevail; TAKE ROOT, to strike out roots, to live and grow, as a plant: to be established; TAKE THE FIELD, to begin military operations; TAKE THE WALL OF, to pass on the side nearest the wall: to get the advantage of; TAKE TO, to apply to: to resort to: to be fond of; TAKE TO HEART, to feel sensibly; TAKE UP, to lift, to raise: (Shak.) to borrow money, to buy on credit, to make up a quarrel: to employ, occupy or fill: to arrest: to comprise; TAKE UP ARMS, to commence to fight; TAKE UPON, to assume; TAKE UP WITH, to be pleased or contented with, to form a connection with, to fall in love with: to lodge; TAKE WITH, to be pleased with. [M. E. taken--Scand.; Ice. taka pa.t. tók, pa.p. tekinn); conn. with L. tang[)e]re, tetig-i, to touch, and with Eng. tack.]

TALARIA, t[=a]-l[=a]'ri-a, n.pl. the winged sandals of Hermes and other divinities.--adj. TALAR'IC, pertaining to the ankles. [L.,--talus, the ankle.]

TALAUNT, tal'awnt, n. (Spens.) talon.

TALBOT, tal'bot, n. a broad-mouthed large-eared hound, usually white--apparently the same as the St Hubert's breed. [From the Talbot family.]

TALBOTYPE, tal'b[=o]-t[=i]p, n. a photographic process invented by William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-77), a calotype.

TALC, talk, n. a mineral occurring in thin flakes, of a white or green colour and a soapy feel.--n. TAL'CITE, a massive variety of talc.--adjs. TALC'KY, TAL'COSE, TAL'COUS, containing, consisting of, or like talc. [Fr. talc (Ger. talk)--Sp. talco--Ar. talq.]

TALE, t[=a]l, n. a narrative or story: a fable: what is told or counted off: number: reckoning.--v.i. (obs.) to speak.--n. TALE'-BEAR'ER, one who maliciously tells tales or gives information.--adj. TALE'-BEAR'ING, given to tell tales or give information officiously.--n. act of telling secrets.--adj. TALE'FUL, abounding with stories.--n. TALE'-TELL'ER, one who tells stories, esp. officiously.--BE IN A (or ONE) TALE, to be in full accord; OLD WIVES' TALE, any marvellous story appealing to one's credulity; TELL ONE'S (or ITS) OWN TALE, to speak for one's self or itself; TELL TALES, to play the informer; TELL TALES OUT OF SCHOOL, to reveal confidential matters. [A.S. talu, a reckoning, a tale, also speech; Ger. zahl, a number.]

TALEGALLA, tal-e-gal'a, n. the brush-turkey, a genus of gallinaceous birds, in the same family as the mound-building Megapodes.--Also TALEGALL'US. [The latter part is probably from L. gallus, a cock.]

TALENT, tal'ent, n. an ancient weight or denomination of money--in the Attic system of money (N.T.), 100 drachmæ made a mnâ (pound, Luke xix. 13), and 6000 made a talent; this talent weighed 57 lb. avoirdupois, and in value may be put roughly at about £213-£235, the mnâ at about £4: faculty: any natural or special gift: special aptitude: eminent ability: abundance.--adjs. TAL'ENTED, possessing mental gifts; TAL'ENTLESS, without talent. [L. talentum--Gr. talanton, a weight, a talent, from a root meaning to lift, as in tl[=e]nai, to bear; akin to L. toll[)e]re, Ger. dulden, Scot. thole.]

TALES, t[=a]'l[=e]z, n.pl. a list of persons, apparently a selection from spectators in court, made by the sheriff or judge at a trial, to supply any defect in a jury or panel.--n. T[=A]'LESMAN, a bystander so chosen.--PRAY A TALES, to plead that the number of jurymen be completed in this way. [From the phrase 'tales de circumstantibus,' tales, pl. of L. talis, such.]

TALIACOTIAN, tal-i-a-k[=o]'shi-an, adj. pertaining to the rhinoplastic operation of Tagliacozzi or Taliacotius (1546-99), in which the skin for the new nose was taken from the arm of the patient, the arm requiring to be kept in apposition with the face for about twenty days.

TALIAN, tal'i-an, n. an old Bohemian dance, or its music.

TALION, tal'i-on, n. the law of retaliation.--adj. TALION'IC. [L. talio, like punishment--talis, of such kind.]

TALIPED, tal'i-ped, adj. club-footed: walking like the sloth.--n. a club-footed person.--n. TAL'IPES, a club-foot: club-footedness: the distorted formation of the feet of the sloth. [L. talus, the ankle, pes, the foot.]

TALIPOT, tal'i-pot, n. an East Indian palm with fan-shaped leaves.--Also TAL'IPUT, TAL'IPAT. [Hind. t[=a]lp[=a]t.]

TALISMAN, tal'is-man, n. a species of charm engraved on metal or stone when two planets are in conjunction, or when a star is at its culminating point, and supposed to exert some protective influence over the wearer of it: (fig.) something that produces extraordinary effects:--pl. TAL'ISMANS.--adjs. TALISMAN'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or having the properties of, a talisman: magical. [Fr.,--Ar. tilsam--Late Ger. telesma, consecration, incantation--Gr. telein, to consecrate.]

TALK, tawk, v.i. to speak familiarly: to prattle: to reason.--n. familiar conversation: that which is uttered in familiar intercourse: subject of discourse: rumour.--adjs. TALK'ABLE, capable of talking, or of being talked about; TALK'ATIVE, given to much talking: prating.--adv. TALK'ATIVELY.--ns. TALK'ATIVENESS; TALK'EE-TALK'EE, a corrupt dialect: incessant chatter--also adj. TALK'Y-TALK'Y.--n. TALK'ER.--adj. TALK'ING, given to talking.--TALK AGAINST TIME, to keep on talking merely to fill up time, as often in parliament: TALK BIG, to talk boastfully; TALK DOWN, to argue down; TALK FROM THE POINT, to wander away from the proper question; TALK GREEK, to talk above the understanding of one's hearers; TALKING OF, apropos of, with regard to; TALK OVER, to persuade, convince: to discuss, consider together; TALK ROUND, to exhaust the subject: to bring to one's way of thinking by persuasive talk; TALK SHOP (see SHOP); TALK TO, to address: to rebuke; TALK UP, to speak impudently or boldly to. [Prof. Skeat takes the M. E. talken from Scand., and that from Lithuanian; Sw. tolka (Ice. túlka), to interpret--Lith. tulkas, an interpreter. Prob., however, the M. E. talken is talen, talien, to speak, with formative -k, giving a freq. or dim. force; cf. Tale.]

TALL, tawl, adj. high, esp. in stature: lofty: long: sturdy: bold: courageous: great, remarkable: demanding much credulity, hardly to be believed.--n. TALL'NESS. [Ety. very dub.; perh. conn. with W. tal, large.]

TALLAGE, tal'[=a]j, n. a name applied to those taxes to which, under the Anglo-Norman kings, the demesne lands of the crown and all royal towns were subject--also TALL'IAGE.--v.t. to lay an impost upon--also TALL'IATE.--adj. TALL'IABLE, subject to tallage.

TALLAT, tal'at, n. (prov.) a hay-loft.--ALSO TALL'OT, TALL'ET.

TALLITH, tal'ith, n. the mantle worn by the Jews at prayer. [Heb.]

TALLOW, tal'[=o], n. the fat of animals melted: any coarse, hard fat.--v.t. to grease with tallow.--ns. TALL'OW-CAN'DLE, a candle made of tallow; TALL'OW-CATCH, -KEECH, (Shak.), a keech or lump of tallow: a low mean fellow; TALL'OW-CHAND'LER, a dealer in tallow, candles, &c.; TALL'OW-CHAND'LERY, the trade or place of business of a tallow-chandler; TALL'OWER, a tallow-chandler; TALL'OW-FACE, a yellow pasty-faced person.--adj. TALL'OW-FACED.--n. TALL'OW-TREE, the name given to trees of different kinds which produce a thick oil or vegetable tallow, or a somewhat resinous substance, capable of making candles.--adj. TALL'OWY, like tallow, greasy. [Old Dut. talgh, talch; Low Ger. talq, Ice. tólgr, tólg.]

TALLY, tal'i, n. a stick cut or notched to match another stick, used to mark numbers or keep accounts by--(down to the beginning of the 19th century these were used in England for keeping accounts in Exchequer, answering the double purpose of receipts and public records): anything made to suit another:--pl. TALL'IES.--v.t. to score with corresponding notches: to make to fit.--v.i. to correspond: to suit:--pa.t. and pa.p. tall'ied.--ns. TALL'IER, one who keeps a tally; TALL'YMAN, one who keeps a tally-shop: one who lives with a woman without marriage; TALL'YSHOP, a shop where goods are sold to be paid by instalments, the seller having one account-book which tallies with the buyer's; TALL'Y-SYS'TEM, -TRADE, a mode of dealing by which dealers furnish certain articles on credit to their customers upon an agreement for the payment of the stipulated price by certain weekly or monthly instalments.--LIVE TALLY, to cohabit without marriage. [Fr. taille (It. taglia)--L. talea, a cutting. Cf. Tail (law).]

TALLY-HO, tal'i-h[=o], interj. the huntsman's cry betokening that a fox has gone away: a four-in-hand pleasure-coach.--v.t. to urge on, as hounds.

TALMA, tal'ma, n. a woman's loose cloak, generally hooded: a similar form of overcoat for men. [From F. J. Talma, the actor (1763-1826).]

TALMUD, tal'mud, n. the name of the fundamental code of the Jewish civil and canonical law, comprising the Mishna and the Gemara, the former as the text, the latter as the commentary and complement.--There are two Talmuds, the one called the Talmud of the Occidentals, or the JERUSALEM (Palestine) TALMUD, which was closed at Tiberias in the end of the 4th century, and the other the BABYLONIAN TALMUD, emphatically styled 'our Talmud,' not completed till the end of the 5th century, and making use of the former.--adjs. TALMUD'IC, -AL.--n, TAL'MUDIST, one learned in the Talmud.--adj. TALMUDIST'IC, relating to, or contained in the Talmud. [Chaldee talm[=u]d, instruction--l[=a]mad, to learn.]

TALON, tal'on, n. the claw of a bird of prey.--adj. TAL'ONED. [Fr. talon, through Low L., from L. talus, the heel.]

TALPA, tal'pa, n. the chief genus of the family Talpidæ, the moles: an encysted tumour on the head, a wen. [L., a mole.]

TALUK, ta-l[=oo]k', n. in south and western India, a subdivision of a district presided over as regards revenue matters by a tahs[=i]ld[=a]r--in Bengal, a tract of proprietary land.--n. TALUK'DAR. [Hind.]

TALUS, t[=a]'lus, n. the ankle-bone: (arch.) a slope: (fort.) the sloping part of a work: (geol.) a sloping heap of fragments at the foot of a steep rock. [L.]

TAMAL, tä-mal', n. a dish of crushed Indian corn highly seasoned, sold on the streets in Mexico, Texas, &c.--Also TAMA'LE. [Sp.]

TAMANDUA, tä-man'd[=u]-a, n. an arboreal ant-eater with prehensile tail.--n. TAMANOIR (tam'a-nwor), the great ant-eater of tropical America. [Braz.]

TAMANU, tam'a-n[=oo], n. a lofty gamboge tree of the East Indies and Pacific Islands, its trunk yielding tacamabac. [East Ind.]

TAMARA, tam'a-ra, n. a condiment much used in Italy, made of powdered cinnamon, cloves, coriander, &c. [East Ind.]

TAMARACK, tam'a-rak, n. the American or black larch. [Amer. Ind]

TAMARIN, tam'a-rin, n. a small South American squirrel-monkey.

TAMARIND, tam'a-rind, n. a beautiful spreading East Indian tree, its pods filled with a pleasant, acidulous, sweet, reddish-black pulp, in which the seeds are embedded. [Tamarindus, Latinised from Ar. tamar-u'l Hind, 'date of India,' or perhaps rather, in Persian form, tamar-i-Hind[=i].]

TAMARISK, tam'ar-isk, n. a genus of Mediterranean evergreen shrubs with small white or pink flowers. [L. tamariscus.]

TAMBAC, tam'bak, n. agallochum or aloes-wood.--Also TOM'BAC.

TAMBOO, TAMBU. See TABOO.

TAMBOUR, tam'b[=oo]r, n. a small, shallow drum: a frame on which muslin or other material is stretched for embroidering: a rich kind of gold and silver embroidery: silk or other stuff embroidered on a tambour: a cylindrical stone in the shaft of a column, a drum: a vestibule of timber-work serving to break the draught in a church-porch, &c.: a work formed of palisades, defending a gate, &c.--v.t. to embroider on a tambour.--v.i. to do tambour-work. [Fr. tambour. Cf. Tabour.]

TAMBOURINE, tam-b[=oo]-r[=e]n', n. a shallow drum with one skin and bells or jingles, and played on with the hand: a Provençal dance, also the music for such--(Spens.) TAM'BURIN. [Fr. tambourin, dim. of tambour.]

TAME, t[=a]m, adj. having lost native wildness and shyness: domesticated: gentle: spiritless: without vigour: dull, flat, uninspiring: wonted, accustomed.--v.t. to reduce to a domestic state: to make gentle: to reclaim: to civilise.--ns. T[=A]MABIL'ITY, T[=A]MEABLI'ITY, T[=A]M'ABLENESS, T[=A]ME'ABLENESS.--adjs. T[=A]M'ABLE, T[=A]ME'ABLE, that may be tamed; T[=A]ME'LESS.--n. T[=A]ME'LESSNESS.--adv. T[=A]ME'LY.--ns. T[=A]ME'NESS; T[=A]'MER, one who tames. [A.S. tam; cog. with Ger. zahm.]

TAMIL, tam'il, n. one of the Dravidian languages spoken in south-eastern India and the northern half of Ceylon, possessing a rich and varied literature: one of the Dravidian inhabitants of southern India and Ceylon.--adjs. TAM'IL, TAMIL'LIAN, TAMIL'IC, TAMUL'IC.

TAMIN, tam'in, n. a thin worsted stuff, highly glazed.--Also TAM'INE, TAM'INY, TAM'MY.

TAMISE, ta-m[=e]z', n. a trade name for various thin woollen fabrics.--n. TAM'IS, a cloth for straining liquids.

TAMMANY, tam'a-ni, n. the Tammany Society, a Democratic organisation in New York, notorious for the corrupt influence it has exerted in city politics. [From the name of an Indian chief, Tammanend, who is said to have signed the treaty with Penn.]

TAMMUZ, tam'uz, n. a Syrian deity, same as the Phoenician Adonis, a sun-god, worshipped with peculiar naturalistic rites by women among the Chaldæans, and even in Jerusalem (Ezek. viii. 14).

TAMMY-NORIE, tam'i-n[=o]'ri, n. (Scot.) a sea-bird, the auk or puffin.

TAM-O'-SHANTER, tam-[=o]-shan't[.e]r, n. a broad bonnet. [From the hero of Burns's famous poem.]

TAMP, tamp, v.t. to fill up, as a hole bored in a rock for blasting: to pack earth, &c., round, as a mine, to prevent an explosion in a wrong direction.--n. TAM'PING, the act of filling up a hole in a rock for blasting: the material used. [Tampion (q.v.).]

TAMPER, tam'p[.e]r, v.i. to try the temper of: to try little experiments without necessity or authority: to meddle: to practise secretly and unfairly.--n. TAM'PERER. [A by-form of temper.]

TAMPION, tamp'i-un, n. the stopper used to close the mouth of a cannon or mortar.--Also TOM'PION. [O. Fr. tampon, tapon--tape, a tap--Dut. tap, a bung.]

TAMPON, tamp'on, n. (surg.) a. plug inserted in a cavity of the body in order to arrest hæmorrhage.--v.t. to plug tightly.--ns. TAMPONADE', TAM'PONAGE, TAM'PONING, TAM'PONMENT. [Tampion.]

TAM-TAM. See TOM-TOM.

TAN, tan, n. bark of the oak, &c., bruised and broken for tanning: a yellowish-brown colour.--v.t. to convert skins and hides into leather by steeping in vegetable solutions containing tannin: to make brown or tawny: to take the freshness from: (coll.) to beat.--v.i. to become tanned:--pr.p. tan'ning; pa.t. and pa.p. tanned.--n.pl. TAN'-BALLS, the spent bark of the tanner's yard pressed into lumps, which harden on drying, and serve for fuel.--n. TAN'-BED (hort.), a bark-bed.--adj. TAN'-COL'OURED, of the colour of tan.--ns. TAN'LING (Shak.), one tanned or scorched by the heat of the sun; TAN'-LIQ'UOR, -OOZE, an aqueous extract of tan-bark.--adj. TAN'NABLE.--ns. TAN'NAGE, act of tanning: browning from exposure to the sun: the act of steeping cast slabs of artificial marble in a solution of potash alum to harden it and make it insoluble; TAN'NER, one who tans; TAN'NERY, a place for tanning; TAN'NING, the art of tanning or converting into leather; TAN'-PIT, -VAT, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan; TAN'-YARD, a yard or enclosure where leather is tanned. [A.S. tannian; cf. Dut. tanen, or prob. O. Fr. tan--Bret. tann, an oak. If the latter, then Old High Ger. tanna (Ger. tanne), fir, oak, is borrowed.]

TANA, tä'nä, n. a military or police station In India--also TAN'NA, THAN'NAH.--ns. TÄ'NADAR, TAN'NADAR, the commandant of a tana. [Hind. th[=a]na.]

TANAGER, tan'[=a]-j[.e]r, n. any tanagrine bird, a member of the Tanagridæ, a family of the Passeriformes or perching birds, closely allied to the finches.--n. TAN'[=A]GRA, the name-giving genus of the family, now restricted to about a dozen species.--adjs. TAN'[=A]GRINE, TAN'[=A]GROID. [Braz. tangara.]

TANDEM, tan'dem, adv. applied to the position of horses harnessed singly one before the other instead of abreast.--n. a team of horses (usually two) so harnessed: a bicycle or tricycle on which two ride one before the other. [Originated in university slang, in a play on the L. adv. tandem, at length.]

TANE, t[=a]n, pa.p. ta'en, taken.

TANG, tang, n. seaweed. [Tangle.]

TANG, tang, n. a twang or sharp sound.--v.t. to cause to ring.--v.i. to ring. [Imit., like twang.]

TANG, tang, n. a strong or offensive taste, esp. of something extraneous: relish: taste: specific flavour.--adj. TANG'Y. [A special use of tang, point.]

TANG, tang, n. a point, the tapering part of a knife or tool which goes into the haft. [Ice. tangi; cog. with tongs.]

TANGENT, tan'jent, n. a line which touches a curve, and which when produced does not cut it.--ns. TAN'GENCY, TAN'GENCE, state of being tangent: a contact or touching.--adj. TANGEN'TIAL, of or pertaining to a tangent: in the direction of a tangent.--n. TANGENTIAL'ITY.--adv. TANGEN'TIALLY, in the direction of a tangent.--GO OFF, or FLY OFF, AT A TANGENT, to break off suddenly into a different line of thought, &c. [L. tangens, -entis, pr.p. of tang[)e]re, to touch.]

TANGERINE, tan-je-r[=e]n', adj. relating to Tangiers on the Morocco coast.--n. a native of Tangiers: a Tangerine orange.

TANGHIN, tang'gin, n. a vegetable poison of Madagascar, acting upon the heart like digitalis--formerly used for the judicial ordeal.

TANGIBLE, tan'ji-bl, adj. perceptible by the touch: capable of being possessed or realised.--ns. TANGIB'IL[=E], a tactile sensation or object; TANGIBIL'ITY, quality of being tangible or perceptible to the touch; TAN'GIBLENESS, the state or quality of being tangible.--adv. TAN'GIBLY. [L. tangibilis--tang[)e]re.]

TANGIE, tang'i, n. an Orcadian water-spirit, appearing as a seahorse, or man covered with seaweed.

TANGLE, tang'gl, n. a knot of things united confusedly: an edible seaweed: a perplexity, complication: (Scot.) any long hanging thing, even a lank person: an apparatus for dredging.--v.t. to unite together confusedly: to interweave: to ensnare, entangle.--n. TANG'LEFOOT (U.S.), whisky, &c.--adj. TANG'LESOME (prov.), quarrelsome.--adv. TANG'LINGLY.--adj. TANG'LY, in a tangle: united confusedly: covered with tangle or seaweed. [Scand.; Dan. tang, Ice. thang, seaweed.]

TANGRAM, tan'gram, n. a Chinese puzzle, consisting of a square of wood cut into seven pieces of various shapes.

TANGUM, tang'gum, n. the Tibetan piebald horse.

TANIST, tan'ist, n. the chief or holder of lands, &c., in certain Celtic races, also the chief's elective successor.--n. TAN'ISTRY, an ancient Celtic mode of tenure, according to which the right of succession lay not with the individual, but with the family in which it was hereditary, and by the family the holder of office or lands was elected. [Ir. and Gael. tanaiste, lord--tan, country.]

TANITE, tan'[=i]t, n. an emery cement.

TANJIB, tan'jib, n. a kind of figured muslin made in Oude.--Also TAN'ZIB.

TANK, tangk, n. a large basin or cistern: a reservoir of water.--v.t. to cause to flow into a tank: to plunge into a tank.--ns. TANK'AGE, the act of storing oil, &c., in tanks: the price charged for such storage: the capacity of a tank or series of tanks; TANK'-CAR, a railway-car for carrying petroleum in bulk in a long cylindrical tank; TANK'-EN'GINE, a locomotive that carries the water and coal it requires; TANK'-WORM, a nematode worm in the mud of tanks in India. [Port. tanque (Sp. estanque, O. Fr. estang)--L. stagnum, a stagnant pool.]

TANKA, tan'ka, n. the boat population of Canton, inhabiting permanently the so-called tanka-boats, about 25 feet long.--Also TAN'KIA.

TANKARD, tangk'ard, n. a large vessel for holding liquors: a drinking-vessel with a lid. [O. Fr. tanquard, prob. from L. cantharus--Gr. kantharos.]

TANNER, tan'[.e]r, n. (slang) a sixpence. [Said to be Gipsy tano, little.]

TANNIN, tan'in, n. an astringent substance found largely in oak-bark or gall-nuts, of great use in tanning.--n. TANN'ATE, a salt of tannic acid.--adjs. TANN'IC; TANNIF'EROUS, yielding tannin.--n. TAN'-RIDE, an enclosure spread with tan for riding.--TANNIC ACID, an acid forming the astringent principle of the bark of oak and other trees, used in tanning and in medicine. [Fr. tannin.]

TANREC=Tenrec (q.v.).

TANSY, tan'zi, n. a genus of composite plants allied to Artemisia--Common tansy is a bitter, aromatic plant with small yellow flowers, common on old pasture: a pudding or cake flavoured with tansy, eaten at Easter. [O. Fr. tanasie, through Late L., from Gr. athanasia, immortality.]

TANTALISE, tan'ta-l[=i]z, v.t. to torment by presenting something to excite desire, but keeping it out of reach.--ns. TANTALIS[=A]'TION, the act of tantalising: state of being tantalised; TAN'TALISER, one who, or that which, tantalises.--adv. TAN'TALISINGLY.--ns. TAN'TALISM, the punishment of Tantalus: a tormenting; TAN'TALUS, a spirit-case that locks; TAN'TALUS-CUP, a philosophical toy, having a siphon within the figure of a man whose chin is on a level with its bend. [Tantalus, in Gr. mythology, who stood in Tartarus up to his chin in water, with branches of fruit over his head, the water receding when he wished to drink, and the fruit when he wished to eat.]

TANTALUM, tan'tal-um, n. a very rare metal of no practical importance, discovered in 1801, closely allied to columbium or niobium.

TANTALUS, tan'ta-lus, n. the wood-ibis, a genus of birds of the stork family, quite distinct from the true ibises.

TANTAMOUNT, tan'ta-mownt, adj. amounting to so much or to the same: equivalent: equal in value or meaning.--n. TAN'TITY, the fact of being or having so much.--adv. TAN'TO (mus.), so much or too much. [O. Fr., tant--L. tantum, so much, so great, and O. Fr. amonter, to amount.]

TANTARA, tan-tar'a, n. a blast on a trumpet or horn. [Imit.]

TANTIVY, tan-tiv'i, adv. with great speed.--adj. swift, hasty.--v.i. to hurry off.--n. a hunting cry: a rapid movement, a rush. [Imit.]

TANTONY, tan't[=o]-ni, n. the smallest pig in the litter--also TANTONY PIG: a petted servant or follower. [From St Anthony, who was attended by a pig.]

TANTRA, tan'tra, n. in Sanscrit literature, one of the religious text-books of the numerous sects of S'âktas--i.e. worshippers of the S'akti, or active divine energy, personified in some female deity, esp. in one of the many forms of Pârvatî, the wife of S'iva.--ns. TAN'TRISM, the doctrines of the tantras; TAN'TRIST, a devotee of tantrism. [Sans. tantra, thread, fundamental doctrine.]

TANTRUM, tan'trum, n. a capricious fit of ill-temper without adequate cause. [Prob. W. tant, a passion.]

TANTUM ERGO, tan'tum er'g[=o], n. the fifth stanza of the hymn 'Pange, lingua, gloriosi corporis mysterium,' written for the office of the Festival of Corpus Christi, which St Thomas of Aquino drew up in 1263. [From its opening words.]

TANZIMAT, tan'zi-mat, n. an organic statute of the Turkish empire, introducing reforms and granting fuller personal liberty, esp. applied to the hatti-sherif of the sultan Abdul Medjid in 1839. [Turk.]

TÂOISM, tä'[=o]-izm, or tow'izm, n. the religious system founded by the Chinese philosopher Lâo-tsze (born 604 B.C.), set forth in the Tâo Teh King.--n. TÂ'[=O]IST, an adherent of Tâoism.--adj. TÂOIST'IC.

TAO-TAI, tä'[=o]-t[=i]', n. an officer presiding over a Chinese tao, or circuit, containing two or more fu, or departments.

TAP, tap, n. a gentle blow or touch, esp. with something small: a signal with a drum to put lights out.--v.t. to strike lightly, touch gently.--v.i. to give a gentle knock:--pr.p. tap'ping; pa.t. and pa.p. tapped. [O. Fr. tapper--Low Ger. tappen.]

TAP, tap, n. a hole or short pipe through which liquor is drawn: a place where liquor is drawn: any particular liquor drawn through a tap.--v.t. to pierce, so as to let out fluid: to open a cask and draw off liquor: to broach a vessel.--v.i. to act as a tapster:--pr.p. tap'ping; pa.t. and pa.p. tapped.--ns. TAP'-BOLT, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other, to be screwed into some fixed part instead of passing through and receiving a nut; TAP'-CIN'DER, slag produced during puddling; TAP'-HOUSE, a tavern; TAP'LASH, poor stale swipes; TAPOTE'MENT, percussion; TAP'PER, one who taps; TAP'PING, an operation frequently resorted to for the removal of fluid accumulations, particularly in the pleural and peritoneal cavities, consisting in the introduction of one end of a small tube into the cavity and withdrawing the fluid by siphon action, or by means of a vacuum: the act or art of tapping or drawing out fluid; TAP'ROOM, a room where beer is served from the tap or cask; TAP'ROOT, a root of a plant or tree striking directly downward without dividing, and tapering towards the end, as that of the carrot; TAP'STER, one who taps or draws off liquor, a publican, barman.--ON TAP, kept in cask--opp. to bottled: ready to be drawn upon. [A.S. tæppe, seen in tæppere, one who taps casks; Dut. tap, Ger. zapfen, a tap.]

TAP, tap, n. a Scotch form of top.

TAP, tap, n. an Indian malarial fever. [Hind.]

TAPA, tä'pä, n. the bark of the paper-mulberry, much used in the South Seas for mats, &c.--Also TAP'PA.

TAPADERA, tap-a-d[=a]'ra, n. a leather guard for the stirrup of the Californian saddle. [Sp., 'a cover'--tapar, to cover.]

TAPE, t[=a]p, n. a narrow fillet or band of woven work, used for strings, &c.: a strong flexible band rotating on pulleys for directing the sheets in a printing-machine: the strip of paper used in a printing-telegraph instrument, &c.: (slang) liquor.--v.t. to furnish, or tie up, with tape: to extend.--ns. TAPE'-LINE, -MEAS'URE, a measuring-line of tape, marked with inches, &c.--adj. T[=A]'PEN, made of tape.--n. T[=A]'PIST, one who uses tape, an official formalist.--BREAST THE TAPE, in foot-racing, to touch with the breast the tape or ribbon held by the judge at the finish-line. [A.S. tæppe, a fillet--L. tapete--Gr. tap[=e]s.]

TAPER, t[=a]'p[.e]r, n. a small wax-candle or light: tapering form.--adj. narrowed towards the point, like a taper: long and slender.--v.i. to become gradually smaller towards one end.--v.t. to make to taper.--adj. T[=A]'PERING, growing gradually thinner.--adv. T[=A]'PERINGLY, in a tapering manner.--n. T[=A]'PERNESS, state of being taper. [A.S. tapor, prob. Ir. tapar.]

TAPESTRY, tap'es-tri, n. an ornamental textile used for the covering of walls and furniture, and for curtains and hangings--divided into two classes, according as they are made in high-warp (haute lisse) or low-warp (basse lisse) looms.--v.t. to adorn with tapestry--n. TAP'ET (Spens.). [O. Fr. tapisserie--tapis; a carpet--L. tapete, a carpet, tapestry--Gr. tap[=e]s, -etis--Pers. tabsch.]

TAPETI, tap'e-ti, n. the Brazilian hare.

TAPETUM, t[=a]-p[=e]'tum, n. (bot.) the cells on the outside of an archesporium: the pigmentary layer of the retina:--pl. T[=A]'PETA. [L. tapete--Gr. tap[=e]s, tap[=e]tos, a carpet.]

TAPEWORM, t[=a]p'wurm, n. a term sometimes used as a popular synonym for Cestoda or Cestoid Worms, but especially for those which belong to the families Tæniadæ and Bothriocephalidæ.

TAPIOCA, tap-i-[=o]'ka, n. a farinaceous substance obtained from cassava or manioc by drying it while moist on hot plates, so that the starch grains swell or burst, and the whole agglomerates in small lumps. [Braz. tipioka, the poisonous juice of the cassava.]

TAPIR, t[=a]'pir, n. a genus of Ungulata, of the section Perissodactyla, thick-skinned, short-necked, with a short flexible proboscis, found in South America.--adjs. TAPIR'ODONT, having teeth like the tapir; TAP'IROID, related to the tapirs. [Braz.]

TAPIS, tap'is, or ta-p[=e]', n. tapestry, carpeting: formerly, the cover of a council-table.--vs.i. (obs.) TAP'PISH, TAP'PICE, to hide.--UPON THE TAPIS, on the table: under consideration. [Fr.]

TAPPET, tap'et, n. (Spens.) tapestry.

TAPPET, tap'et, n. a projecting arm, lever, &c. from any moving part of a machine supplying intermittent motion to some other part.--ns. TAPP'ET-LOOM, -MO'TION, -RING, -ROD, &c.

TAPPIT, tap'it, adj. (Scot.) having a top or crest.--n. TAPP'IT-HEN, a crested hen: a vessel for liquor holding about three quarts, a liberal allowance of drink generally.

TAPSALTEERIE, tap-sal-t[=e]'ri, adj. (Scot.) topsy-turvy.--Also TAPSIETEER'IE.

TAPSMAN, taps'man, n. (Scot.) a servant with principal charge, the chief of a company of drovers.

TAPU. See TABOO.

TAR, tär, v.t. to set on, incite to fight. [M. E. tarien, to irritate--A.S. tergan, to provoke.]

TAR, tär, n. a viscous, liquid, resinous substance of a dark colour, obtained from pine-trees: a sailor, so called from his tarred clothes.--v.t. to smear with tar:--pr.p. tar'ring; pa.t. and pa.p. tarred.--ns. TAR'HEEL, a North Carolinian; TAR'HOOD, sailors collectively.--TAR AND FEATHER, to smear with tar and then cover with feathers.--BE TARRED WITH THE SAME BRUSH, or STICK, to have the same faults as another; HAVE A TOUCH OF THE TAR-BRUSH, to have an infusion of negro blood in the veins. [A.S. teoro, teru; Dut. teer.]

TARABOOKA, ta-ra-b[=oo]'ka, n. a drum-like instrument.

TARA-FERN, tä'rä-fern, n. a New Zealand brake, with a thickened edible rhizome.

TARANTASS, tar-an-tas', n. a four-wheeled vehicle having a boat-shaped body, without springs. [Russ.]

TARANTELLA. See under TARANTISM.

TARANTISM, tar'ant-izm, n. an epidemic leaping or dancing mania, somewhat resembling chorea--also TAR'ENTISM.--ns. TARANTEL'LA, TARENTEL'LA, a lively Neapolitan dance in triplets for one couple--thought a remedy for tarantism; TARAN'TULA, TAREN'TULA, a species of spider found in South Italy, whose bite is much dreaded, and was long supposed to cause tarantism. [It. tarantola--Taranto--L. Tarentum, a town in South Italy where the spider abounds.]

TARATANTARA, tar-a-tan-tar'a, n. or adv. a word imitative of the sound of a trumpet.--Also TANTAR'A, TARANTAR'A.

TARAXACUM, tar-aks'a-kum, n. the root of the dandelion, a tonic laxative in diseases of the liver.--n. TARAX'ACINE, a crystallisable substance extracted from the foregoing. [A botanical Latin word, coined from Gr. taraxis, trouble--tarassein, to trouble. Davic refers to Ar. taras-acon, a kind of succory, Latinised in Avicenna as taraxacon.]

TARBOOSH, TARBOUCHE, tär-boosh', n. a red cap with dark tassel worn by Moslem men. [Ar. tarb[=u]sh.]

TARDIGRADE, tär'di-gr[=a]d, adj. slow in pace; belonging to the TAR'DIGRADA, a group or suborder of mammals containing the two genera of sloth.--n. one of the Tardigrada. [L. tardus, slow, gradi, to step.]

TARDY, tär'di, adj. slow, late, sluggish: out of season.--advs. TARDAMEN'TE (mus.), slowly; TAR'DILY, slowly: reluctantly: late.--n. TAR'DINESS.--adj. TAR'DY-GAIT'ED (Shak.) slow-paced. [Fr. tardif--tard--L. tardus, slow.]

TARE, t[=a]r, n. any one of several species of vetch: (B.) an unidentified weed, prob. darnel. [Prob. tear.]

TARE, t[=a]r, n. the weight of the vessel or package in which goods are contained: an allowance made for it, the remainder being the net weight. [Fr.,--Sp. tara--Ar. tarha, thrown away.]

TARE, t[=a]r, obsolete, pa.p. of tear (2).

TARGET, tär'get, n. a small buckler or shield: a mark to fire at for practice or competition: any object of desire or ambition: the frame holding railway-signals: (her.) a bearing representing a buckler: (Scot.) a pendant, tassel--also TARGE.--adj. TAR'GETED, provided with a shield.--ns. TARGETEER', TARGETIER', one armed with a shield, a peltast. [A.S. targe; Old High Ger. zarga, a frame, wall; Fr. targe is of Teut. origin.]

TARGUM, t[=a]r'gum, n. a general term for the Aramaic versions--often paraphrases--of the Old Testament, which became necessary when, after and perhaps during the Babylonian Exile, Hebrew began to die out as the popular language and was supplanted by Aramaic.--adj. TAR'GUMIC.--n. TAR'GUMIST, a writer of a Targum: a student of the Targums.--adj. TARGUMIST'IC. [Assyr. ragâmu, to speak, whence targumânu, speaker.]

TARIFF, tar'if, n. a list of the duties, &c., fixed by law on merchandise: a list of charges, fees, or prices. [Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. ta`r[=i]f, giving information, from `arafa, to explain.]

TARLATAN, tär'la-tan, n. a fine, open, transparent muslin for women's dresses, often coarse in texture, made at Tarare in the department of Rhône.--Also TAR'LETAN. [Prob. Milanese tarlantanna.]

TARN, tärn, n. a small lake among the mountains. [Ice. tjörn.]

TARNATION, tär-n[=a]'shun, adj. and adv. a softened form of damnation, as TAR'NAL, of eternal or infernal.

TARNISH, tär'nish, v.t. to soil by exposure to the air, &c.: to diminish the lustre or purity of, to stain, sully.--v.i. to become dull: to lose lustre.--n. a spot, stain, change in lustre of a mineral.--n. TAR'NISHER. [Fr. ternir (pr.p. ternissant); terne, dull, wan--Mid. High Ger. ternen, Old High Ger. tarnjan, to darken; A.S. dernan, to cover.]

TARO, tä'r[=o], n. a plant of the arum family, widely cultivated for its edible roots in the islands of the Pacific. [Polynesian.]

TAROT, tar'ot, n. a kind of playing card used, and probably invented, in Italy about the middle of the 14th century, 78 to the pack: a game played with such.--Also TAR'OC. [Fr., so called prob. because tarotée on the back--i.e. marked with plain or dotted lines crossing diagonally--It. tarocchi.]

TARPAN, tar'pan, n. the small wild horse of the steppes of Russia. [Tatar.]

TARPAULIN, tär-paw'lin, n. strong linen or hempen cloth coated with tar or pitch to render it waterproof: a sailor's wide-brimmed storm-hat: (coll.) a sailor.--Also TARPAU'LING. [From tar, and prov. Eng. pauling, a cart cover; cf. Pall.]

TARPEIAN, tär-p[=e]'an, adj. designating a cliff--the TARPEIAN ROCK upon the Capitoline Hill at Rome, from which state criminals were thrown--from the Roman traitress Tarpeia.

TARPON, tär'pon, TARPUM, tär'pum, n. a food-fish of America, of the herring family, common in the warmer Atlantic waters, and six feet long.--Also Jew-fish. [Amer. Ind.]

TARRADIDDLE, tar-a-did'l, n. a fib, a lie. [App. a coined word, the last part being the slang word diddle, to cheat.]

TARRAGON, tar'a-gon, n. the herb-dragon, an aromatic plant used for flavouring vinegar, sauces, &c. [Sp. taragontia--Ar. tarkh[=u]n--Gr. drak[=o]n, a dragon.]

TARRAS, tar'ras, n. (Spens.) terrace.

TARRE, tär, v.t. (Shak.) to set on, to encourage.

TARRIANCE, tar'i-ans, n. (arch.) act of tarrying, delay.

TARRIER, tar'i-[.e]r, n. old form of terrier: (slang) a rough fellow, a tough.

TARROCK, tar'ok, n. the young of the kittiwake: the tern: guillemot.

TARRY, tär'i, adj. consisting of, covered with, or like tar.--n. TARR'Y-BREEKS, a sailor.--adj. TARR'Y-FING'ERED, thievish.--n.pl. TARR'Y-FING'ERS, thieving fingers.

TARRY, tar'i, v.i. to be tardy or slow: to loiter or stay behind: to delay:--pa.t. and pa.p. tarr'ied.--n. TARR'IER, one who tarries or delays.--v.i. TARR'OW (Scot.), to hesitate, refuse. [M. E. targen, to delay (confused in form with tarien, to irritate)--O. Fr. targer (Fr. tarder)--L. tardus, slow.]

TARSIA, tär'si-a, n. an Italian mosaic, at first dealing with geometrical patterns in wood, but which developed into inlaid representations of architecture, views, figures, and drapery, and finally into foliaceous scrolls of modern marquetry. [It.]

TARSIER, tär'si-er, n. a small arboreal East Indian lemuroid, the malmag.--adj. TAR'SIPED, having the same tarsal structure as the foregoing. [Fr.]

TARSUS, tär'sus, n. the part of the foot to which the leg is articulated:--pl. TAR'S[=I].--adj. TAR'SAL, relating to the tarsus or ankle.--ns. TARSAL'GIA, pain in the tarsus: a neuralgic affection of the foot from which persons walking much sometimes suffer; TAR'SIPES, a small Australian honey-sucking marsupial, of the family Phalangistidæ, about the size of a mouse.--adj. TARSOMETATAR'SAL, pertaining to the tarsus and the metatarsus.--n. TARSOMETATAR'SUS, the single compound bone of birds.--adj. TARSOTAR'SAL, mediotarsal. [Gr. tarsos, the flat part of the foot.]

TART, tärt, adj. sharp or sour to the taste: (fig.) sharp: severe.--adj. TART'ISH, somewhat tart.--adv. TART'LY.--n. TART'NESS. [A.S. teart--teran, to tear.]

TART, tärt, n. a small pie, containing fruit or jelly baked in paste.--n. TART'LET, a small tart. [O. Fr. tarte--L. torta, fem. of pa.p. of torqu[=e]re, twist.]

TARTAN, tär'tan, n. a woollen or worsted stuff checked with various colours, once the distinctive dress of the Scottish Highlanders, each clan having its own pattern. [Fr. tiretaine, linsey-woolsey--Sp. tiritaña, a thin woollen stuff--tiritar, to shiver.]

TARTAN, tär'tan, n. a Mediterranean vessel with lateen sail: a kind of long covered carriage [Fr.,--Ar. taridah, a small ship.]

TARTAR, tär'tar, n. a mixture of bitartrate of potash and tartrate of lime, being a deposit formed from wine, and known in its crude form as argol: a concretion which sometimes forms on the teeth.--adjs. TAR-T[=A]'REOUS, TAR'TAROUS, consisting of, or resembling, tartar; TARTAR'IC, pertaining to, or obtained from, tartar.--v.t. TAR'TARISE, to impregnate or treat with tartar.--adjs. TARTRAL'IC, TARTREL'IC, derived from tartar.--n. TAR'TR[=A]TE, a salt of tartaric acid.--TARTAR EMETIC, a compound of potassium and antimony.--CREAM OF TARTAR (see CREAM). [Fr. tartre--Low L. tartarum--Ar. durd, dregs.]

TARTAR, tär'tar, n. a native of Tartary in Asia: an irritable person, or one too strong for his assailant.

TARTARUS, tär'ta-rus, n. the lower world generally, but esp. the place of punishment for the wicked, according to Homer, a deep and sunless abyss, as far below Hades as earth is below heaven, and closed in by iron gates--(Shak.) TAR'TAR: (Spens.) TAR'TARY.--adj. TART[=A]'REAN. [L.,--Gr. tartaros.]

TARTUFFE, tär-t[=oo]f', n. a hypocritical pretender to religion, from the chief character in Molière's most celebrated comedy (1669).--adjs. TARTUFF'ISH, TAR-TUF'ISH.--ns. TARTUFF'ISM, TARTUF'ISM.

TARVE, tärv, n. (prov.) a curve, bend.

TAR-WATER, tär'-waw'tèr, n. cold infusion of tar in water, once used as a medicine for chest complaints.

TASCAL, tas'kal, n. a reward for information about cattle-stealing.--Also TAS'CALL. [Gael, taisgeal.]

TASEOMETER, tas-[=e]-om'e-tèr, n. an instrument for measuring strains in a structure. [Gr. tasis, a stretching, metron, measure.]

TASH, tash, n. an Oriental silk fabric, with gold or silver thread.--Also TASS. [Hind, t[=a]sh, t[=a]s.]

TASIMETER, ta-sim'e-t[.e]r, n. an apparatus for detecting changes in pressure by the variations in the electrical conductivity of carbon.--adj. TASIMET'RIC.--n. TASIM'ETRY. [Gr. tasis--teinein, stretch.]

TASK, task, n. a set amount of work, esp. of study, given by another: work: drudgery.--v.t. to impose a task on: to burden with severe work.--ns. TASK'ER, one who imposes a task, or who performs it; TASK'ING, task-work; TASK'MASTER, a master who imposes a task: an overseer:--fem. TASK'MISTRESS; TASK'WORK, work done as a task, or by the job.--TAKE TO TASK, to reprove. [O. Fr. tasque (Fr. tâche)--Low L. tasca, taxa--L. tax[=a]re, to rate.]

TASLET, tas'let, n. a tass or piece of armour for the thigh--prob. the same as TASSET.

TASMANIAN, tas-m[=a]'ni-an, adj. of or belonging to Tasmania or Van Diemen's Land.--n. a native of Tasmania.--TASMANIAN DEVIL, or Dasyure (see DEVIL); TASMANIAN WOLF, a nocturnal carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania. [From Abel Jans Tasman (c. 1602-59), the discoverer.]

TASS, tas, n. (prov.) a hay-mow, a heap. [O. Fr. tas, a heap, most prob. Teut.]

TASS, tas, n. (obs.) a pouch. [Tasset.]

TASS, tas, n. a drinking-cup or its contents. [Fr. tasse--Ar. t[=a]s, a cup.]

TASS, tas, n. a piece of armour for the thigh. [Tasset.]

TASSEL, tas'el, n. a hanging ornament consisting of a bunch of silk or other material: anything like a tassel: the silk or ribbon-marker of a book: a thin plate of gold on the back of a bishop's gloves.--v.t. to attach a tassel to, to ornament with tassels.--adj. TASS'ELLED, adorned with tassels. [O. Fr. tassel, an ornament of a square shape, attached to the dress--L. taxillus, dim. of talus, a die.]

TASSEL-GENTLE, tas'el-jen'tl, n. (Shak.) the tiercel or male goshawk--also TASS'EL-GENT--properly TIER'CEL-GEN'TLE.

TASSET, tas'et, n. an overlapping plate from the cuirass protecting the thigh. [O. Fr. tassette--tasse, n pouch--Teut., Old High Ger. tasca, a pouch.]

TASSIE, tas'i, n. (Scot.) a drinking-cup. [See Tass (3).]

TASTE, t[=a]st, v.t. to try or perceive by the touch of the tongue or palate: to try by eating a little: to eat a little of: to partake of: to relish, enjoy: to experience: (Shak.) to enjoy carnally.--v.i. to try or perceive by the mouth: to have a flavour of.--n. the act or sense of tasting: the particular sensation caused by a substance on the tongue: the sense by which we perceive the flavour of a thing: the quality or flavour of anything: a small portion: intellectual relish or discernment: the faculty by which the mind perceives the beautiful: nice perception: choice, predilection.--adjs. T[=A]ST'ABLE, that may be tasted; TASTE'FUL, full of taste: having a high relish: showing good taste.--adv. TASTE'FULLY.--n. TASTE'FULNESS.--adj. TASTE'LESS, without taste: insipid.--adv. TASTE'LESSLY.--ns. TASTE'LESSNESS; T[=A]ST'ER, one skilful in distinguishing flavours by the taste: one whose duty it is to test the quality of food by tasting it before serving it to his master.--adv. T[=A]ST'ILY, with good taste, neatly.--n. T[=A]ST'ING, the act or sense of tasting.--adj. T[=A]ST'Y, having a good taste: possessing nice perception of excellence: in conformity with good taste.--TO ONE'S TASTE, to one's liking, agreeable. [O. Fr. taster (Fr. tâter), as if from Low L. taxit[=a]re--L. tax[=a]re, to touch repeatedly, to estimate--tang[)e]re, to touch.]

TAT, tat, v.t. to make by hand, as an edging with a shuttle by knotting and looping thread.--v.i. to make tatting.--n. TAT'TING, a kind of lace edging woven or knit from common sewing-thread. [Prob. Scand., Ice. tæta, to tease, tæta, shreds.]

TAT, tat, n. East Indian matting, gunny-cloth.

TAT, tat, n. a native-bred pony. [Anglo-Ind.]

TA-TA, tä-tä, interj. (coll.) good-bye.

TATAR, tä'tar, n. a name originally applied to a native of certain Tungustic tribes in Chinese Tartary, but extended to the Mongol, Turkish, and other warriors, who swept over Asia under Genghis Khan. The term Tatars is used loosely for tribes of mixed origin in Tartary, Siberia, and the Russian steppes, including Kazan Tartars, Crim Tartars, Kipchaks, Kalmucks, &c. In the classification of languages TARTAR'IC is used of the Turkish group.--adjs. TAT[=A]'RIAN, TATAR'IC. [The Turkish and Persian Tátar became Tartar, because they were supposed to be like fiends from hell--Gr. tartoros.]

TATE, t[=a]t, n. (Scot.) a small portion of anything fibrous.--Also TAIT.

TATER, t[=a]'t[.e]r, n. a vulgar form of potato.--Also T[=A]'TIE.

TATH, tath, n. (prov.) the dung of cattle.--v.t. to manure.

TATTER, tat'[.e]r, n. a torn piece: a loose hanging rag.--v.t. and v.i. to tear to tatters: to fall into tatters.--n. TATTERDEM[=A]'LION, a ragged fellow.--p.adj. TATT'ERED, in tatters or rags: torn.--adj. TATT'ERY, very ragged. [Ice. töturr (pl. tötrar), rags, a torn garment.]

TATTERSALLS, tat'[.e]r-salz, n. a famous mart in London for the sale of racing and other high-class horses, and one of the principal haunts of racing men--so called from Richard Tattersall (1724-95).

TATTLE, tat'l, n. trifling talk or chat.--v.i. to talk idly or triflingly: to tell tales or secrets.--n. idle talk.--ns. TATT'LER, one given to tattling; TATT'LERY, idle talk.--p.adj. TATT'LING, given to tattling or telling tales.--n. (Shak.) the act of tale-telling.--adv. TATT'LINGLY. [M. E. tatelen; Low Ger. tateln, to gabble; an imit. word.]

TATTOO, tat-t[=oo]', n. a beat of drum and a bugle-call to call soldiers to quarters, originally to shut the taps or drinking-houses against them.--THE DEVIL'S TATTOO, the act of drumming with the fingers on a table, &c.; in absence of mind or impatience. [Dut. taptoe--tap, a tap, and toe, which is the prep., Eng. to. Ger. zu, in the sense of 'shut.']

TATTOO, tat-t[=oo]', v.t. to mark permanently (as the skin) with figures, by pricking in colouring-matter.--n. marks or figures made by pricking colouring-matter into the skin.--ns. TATTOO'[=A]GE; TATTOO'ER; TATTOO'ING. [Tahitian tatu.]

TATTY, tat'i, n. an East Indian screen or mat made of the roots of the fragrant cuscus-grass, with which door or window openings are filled up in the season of hot winds. [Hind. t[=a]t[=i].]

TAU, taw, n. the toad-fish: a tau-cross.--ns. TAU'-BONE, a [Greek: T]-shaped bone, as the interclavicle of a monotreme; TAU'-CROSS, a cross in the form of a [Greek: T]--also Cross-tau and Cross of St Anthony; TAU'-STAFF, a staff with a cross-piece at the top like a crutch.--adj. TAU'-TOPPED, having a handle like a tau-cross. [See T.]

TAUGHT, tawt, pa.t. and pa.p. of teach.

TAUNT, tawnt, v.t. to reproach or upbraid with severe or insulting words: to censure sarcastically.--n. upbraiding, sarcastic, or insulting words: a bitter reproach.--n. TAUNT'ER.--adj. TAUNT'ING.--adv. TAUNT'INGLY. [O. Fr. tanter--L. tent[=a]re, to tempt.]

TAUPIE, TAWPIE, taw'pi, n. (Scot.) a thoughtless girl. [Ice. tópi, a fool.]

TAURUS, taw'rus, n. the Bull, one of the signs of the zodiac.--adjs. TAU'RIAN, pertaining to a bull; TAU'RIFORM, having the form of a bull; TAU'R[=I]NE, bull-like.--ns. TAUROB[=O]'LIUM, the slaughter of a bull in the Mithraic rites, or an artistic representation of the same; TAUROM'ACHY, bull-fighting.--adj. TAUROMOR'PHOUS, bull-shaped. [L.,--Gr.]

TAUT, TAUGHT, tawt, adj. tightly drawn: in good condition.--v.t. TAUT'EN, to make tight.--n. TAUT'NESS. [A form of tight.]

TAUTED, taw'ted, adj. (Scot.) matted.--Also TAW'TIE, TAU'TIE, TAT'TY. [See TAT (1).]

TAUTOCHRONOUS, taw-tok'r[=o]-nus, adj. isochronous.--n. TAU'TOCHRONE.

TAUTOG, taw-tog', n. a labroid fish of the United States Atlantic coast.

TAUTOLOGY, taw-tol'[=o]-ji, n. needless repetition of the same thing in different words.--adjs. TAUTOLOG'IC, -AL, containing tautology.--adv. TAUTOLOG'ICALLY.--v.i. TAUTOL'OGISE, to use tautology: to repeat the same thing in different words.--ns. TAUTOL'OGISM; TAUTOL'OGIST.--adjs. TAUTOL'OGOUS, tautological; TAUTOPHON'ICAL.--n. TAUTOPH'ONY, repetition of the same sound. [Gr. tautologia--tauto, the same, legein, to speak.]

TAVERN, tav'[.e]rn, n. a licensed house for the sale of liquors, with accommodation for travellers: an inn.--ns. TAV'ERNER, an innkeeper; TAV'ERNING. [Fr. taverne--L. taberna, from root of tabula, a board.]

TAVERS, TAIVERS, t[=a]'vers, n.pl. (Scot.) tatters.

TAVERT, TAIVERT, t[=a]'vert, adj. (Scot.) muddled: fuddled.

TAW, taw, n. a marble chosen to be played with, a game at marbles, also the line from which to play.

TAW, taw, v.t. to prepare and dress, as skins into white leather.--ns. TAW'ER, a maker of white leather; TAW'ERY, a place where skins are dressed; TAW'ING. [A.S. tawian, to prepare; Old High Ger. zoujan, make, Dut. touwen, curry.]

TAWDRY, taw'dri, adj. showy without taste: gaudily dressed.--adj. TAW'DERED, tawdrily dressed.--adv. TAW'DRILY.--n. TAW'DRINESS.--n.pl. TAW'DRUMS, finery. [Said to be corr. from St Awdrey=St Ethelreda, at whose fair (17th October) laces and gay toys were sold.]

TAWIE, taw'i, adj. (Scot.) tame.

TAWNY, taw'ni, adj. of the colour of things tanned, a yellowish brown.--n. TAW'NINESS. [Fr. tanné, pa.p. of tanner, to tan.]

TAWS, TAWSE, tawz, n. (Scot.) a leather strap, usually fringed at the end, for chastising children.

TAX, taks, n. a rate imposed on property or persons for the benefit of the state: anything imposed: a burdensome duty.--v.t. to lay a tax on: to register or enrol for fiscal purposes (Luke ii. 1): to burden: to accuse: to examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.--ns. TAXABIL'ITY, TAX'ABLENESS.--adj. TAX'ABLE, capable of being, or liable to be, taxed--adv. TAX'ABLY.--ns. TAX[=A]'TION, act of taxing; TAX'-CART, a light spring-cart; TAX'ER.--adj. TAX'FREE, exempt from taxation.--ns. TAX'-GATH'ERER; TAXIM'ETER (see Addenda); TAX'ING-MAS'TER, an officer of a court of law who examines bills of costs; TAX'-PAY'ER. [Fr. taxe, a tax--L. tax[=a]re, to handle, value, charge--tang[)e]re to touch.]

TAXIARCH, tak'si-ärk, n. the commander of an ancient Greek taxis or battalion.

TAXIDERMY, taks'i-d[.e]r-mi, n. the art of preparing and stuffing the skins of animals.--adjs. TAXIDER'MAL, TAXIDER'MIC.--v.t. TAX'IDERMISE.--n. TAX'IDERMIST. [Fr.,--Gr. taxis, arrangement, derma, a skin.]

TAXING, taks'ing, n. (Shak.) satire. [Tax.]

TAXIS, tak'sis, n. (surg.) the art of putting parts in their natural place by means of pressure: orderly arrangement, classification: a brigade in an ancient Greek army.--ns. TAXOL'OGY, the science of classification; TAXON'OMER, a taxonomist.--adjs. TAXONOM'IC, -AL.--adv. TAXONOM'ICALLY.--ns. TAXON'OMIST, one versed in taxonomy; TAXON'OMY, the laws and principles of taxology or orderly classification, also their application to natural history. [Gr.,--tassein, to arrange.]

TAXUS, tak'sus, n. the yew genus of conifers.

TAYO, ta'y[=o], n. a garment like an apron worn by South American Indians.

TAZZA, tat'sa, n. a shallow vessel mounted on a foot: a saucer-shaped bowl. [It.]

TCHICK, chik, n. a sound made by pressing the tongue against the roof of the mouth and then drawing it back quickly, as in urging a horse on.--v.i. to make such a sound. [Imit.]

TEA, t[=e], n. the dried leaves of a shrub in China, Japan, Assam, and Ceylon: an infusion of the leaves in boiling water: any vegetable infusion.--ns. TEA'-BREAD, light spongy bread or buns to be eaten with tea; TEA'-CADD'Y, a caddy or small box for holding tea; TEA'-CAKE, a light cake to be eaten with tea; TEA'-CAN'ISTER, an air-tight jar or box for holding tea; TEA'-CHEST, a chest or case in which tea is imported; TEA'-CLIP'PER, a fast-sailing ship in the tea-trade; TEA'-C[=O]'SY (see COSY); TEA'-CUP, a small cup used in drinking tea; TEA'-DEAL'ER, one who buys and sells tea; TEA'-FIGHT (slang), a tea-party; TEA'-GAR'DEN, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served; TEA'-GOWN, a loose gown for wearing at afternoon tea at home; TEA'-HOUSE, a Chinese or Japanese house for tea, &c.; TEA'-KETT'LE, a kettle in which to boil water for making tea; TEA'-LEAD, thin sheet-lead, used in lining tea-chests; TEA'-PAR'TY, a social gathering at which tea is served, also the persons present; TEA'-PLANT, the plant or shrub from which tea is obtained; TEA'-POT, a pot or vessel in which the beverage tea is made; TEA'-SAU'CER, a saucer in which a tea-cup is set; TEA'-SER'VICE, -SET, the utensils necessary for a tea-table; TEA'-SPOON, a small spoon used with the tea-cup, smaller still than the dessert-spoon; TEA'-STICK, a stick cut from the Australian tea-tree; TEA'-T[=A]'BLE, a table at which tea is drunk; TEA'-TAST'ER, one who ascertains the quality of tea by tasting it.--n.pl. TEA'-THINGS, the tea-pot, cups, &c.--ns. TEA'-TREE, the common tea-plant or shrub; a name of various Australian myrtaceous and other plants; TEA'-URN, a vessel for boiling water or keeping it hot, used on the tea-table.--BLACK TEA, that which in the process of manufacture is fermented between rolling and firing (heating with charcoal in a sieve), while GREEN TEA is that which is fired immediately after rolling. Among black teas are bohea, congou, souchong, and pekoe; among green, hyson, imperial, and gunpowder. The finest black is Pekoe; the finest green, Gunpowder. [From South Chinese te (pron. t[=a]), the common form being ch'a or ts'a.]

TEACH, t[=e]ch, v.t. to show: to impart knowledge to: to guide the studies of: to exhibit so as to impress upon the mind: to impart the knowledge of: to accustom: to counsel.--v.i. to practise giving instruction:--pa.t. and pa.p. taught (tawt).--n. TEACHABIL'ITY.--adj. TEACH'ABLE, capable of being taught: apt or willing to learn.--ns. TEACH'ABLENESS; TEACH'ER, one who teaches or instructs; TEACH'ING, the act of teaching or instructing: instruction.--adj. TEACH'LESS, indocile. [A.S. t['æ]can, to show, teach; Ger. zeigen, to show; allied to L. doc[=e]re, to teach, Gr. deiknunai, to show.]

TEAD, t[=e]d, n. (Spens.) a torch, a flambeau. [L. tæda.]

TEAGLE, t[=e]'gl, n. (prov.) a hoist or lift. [Prob. a form of tackle.]

TEAGUE, t[=e]g, n. an Irishman.

TEAK, t[=e]k, n. a tree in the East Indies and Africa, also its wood, remarkable for its hardness and durability. [Malayalam tekka.]

TEAL, t[=e]l, n. a web-footed water-fowl allied to the duck, but smaller. [Dut. teling, taling.]

TEAM, t[=e]m, n. a number of animals moving together or in order: two or more oxen or other animals harnessed to the same vehicle; a number of persons associated for doing anything conjointly, playing a game, &c.--v.t. to join together in a team: to give work to a gang under a sub-contractor.--adj. TEAMED (Spens.), arranged in a team.--n. TEAM'STER, one who drives a team.--adv. TEAM'WISE, like a team, harnessed together. [A.S. teám, offspring; prob. teón, to draw.]

TEAPOY, t[=e]'poi, n. a small table for the tea-service, &c. [Hind. t[=i]p[=a]i--Pers. s[=i]p[=a]i.]

TEAR, t[=e]r, n. a drop of the fluid secreted by the lachrymal gland, appearing in the eyes: anything like a tear.--ns. TEAR'-DROP, a tear; TEAR'-DUCT, the lachrymal or nasal duct.--adjs. TEAR'-FALL'ING (Shak.), shedding tears, tender; TEAR'FUL, abounding with or shedding tears: weeping.--adv. TEAR'FULLY.--n. TEAR'FULNESS.--adjs. TEAR'LESS, without tears: unfeeling; TEAR'-STAINED (Shak.), stained with tears; TEAR'Y, tearful, [A.S. teár, t['æ]r; Goth. tagr; cf. L. lacrima, Gr. dakru.]

TEAR, t[=a]r, v.t. to draw asunder or separate with violence: to make a violent rent in: to lacerate.--v.i. to move or act with violence: to rage:--pa.t. t[=o]re, (B.) t[=a]re; pa.p. t[=o]rn.--n. something torn, a rent: (slang) a spree.--n. TEAR'ER, one who, or that which, tears: (slang) a boisterous person.--p.adj. TEAR'ING, great, terrible, rushing.--TEAR AND WEAR (see WEAR); TEAR ONE'S SELF AWAY, to go off with great unwillingness; TEAR THE HAIR, to pull the hair in a frenzy of grief or rage; TEAR UP, to remove from a fixed state by violence: to pull to pieces. [A.S. teran; cf. Ger. zehren.]

TEASE, t[=e]z, v.t. to comb or card, as wool: to scratch, as cloth: to raise a nap: to vex with importunity, jests, &c.: to torment, irritate.--n. one who teases or torments.--n. TEAS'ER, one who teases out anything: the stoker of a glass-works furnace.--adj. TEAS'ING, vexatious.--adv. TEAS'INGLY. [A.S. t['æ]san, to pluck; Dut. teezen, Ger. zeisen.]

TEASEL, t[=e]z'l, n. a plant with large burs or heads covered with stiff, hooked awns, which are used in raising a nap on cloth--also TEAZ'EL, TEAZ'LE.--v.t. to raise a nap on with the teasel:--pr.p. teas'eling; pa.t. and pa.p. teas'eled.--ns. TEAS'ELER; TEAS'ELING, the act of raising a nap on cloth. [A.S. tæsel, tæsl--t['æ]san, to pluck.]

TEAT, t[=e]t, n. the nipple of the female breast through which the young suck the milk.--adj. TEAT'ED, mammiferous. [A.S. tit; cog. with Ger. zitze; or perh. through O. Fr. tete, from Teut.]

TEBETH, teb'eth, n. the tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical, and fourth of the secular, year, corresponding to parts of December and January.

TECHNIC, -AL, tek'nik, -al, adj. pertaining to art, esp. the useful arts: belonging to a particular art or profession.--n. TECHNICAL'ITY, state or quality of being technical: that which is technical.--adv. TECH'NICALLY.--ns. TECH'NICALNESS; TECHNI'CIAN; TECH'NICIST, one skilled in the practical arts.--n.pl. TECH'NICS, the doctrine of arts in general: the branches that relate to the arts; TECHNIQUE (tek-n[=e]k'), method of performance, manipulation, esp. everything concerned with the mechanical part of a musical performance.--adjs. TECHNOLOG'IC, -AL, relating to technology.--ns. TECHNOL'OGIST, one skilled in technology; TECHNOL'OGY, the systematic knowledge of the industrial arts: a discourse or treatise on the arts: an explanation of terms employed in the arts; TECHNON'OMY, the principles underlying technology. [Gr. technikos--techn[=e], art, akin to tekein, to produce.]

TECHY. See TETCHY.

TECNOLOGY, tek-nol'[=o]-ji, n. a treatise on children. [Gr. teknon, a child, logia, discourse.]

TECTARIA, tek-t[=a]'ri-a, n. a genus of univalves with a turbinate or conic shell.--adjs. TECTIBRANCH'IATE, having the gills covered; TEC'TIFORM, roof-like: (entom.) ridged in the middle and sloping down on the sides. [L. tectum, a roof.]

TECTOLOGY, tek-tol'[=o]-ji, n. structural morphology according to which an organism is regarded as composed of individuals of different orders.--adj. TECTOLOG'ICAL. [Gr. tekt[=o]n, a builder.]

TECTONIC, tek-ton'ik, adj. pertaining to building.--n.sing. and pl. TECTON'ICS, building as an art: the shaping and ornamentation of furniture, weapons, &c. [Gr. tekt[=o]n, a builder.]

TECTORIAL, tek-t[=o]'ri-al, adj. covering.--n. TECT[=O]'RIUM, a covering: the coverts of the wing or tail of birds taken collectively.

TECTRICES, tek-tr[=i]'sez, n.pl. wing or tail coverts of birds:--sing. TEC'TRIX.--adj. TECTRI'CIAL.

TED, ted, v.t. to spread or turn, as new-mown grass, for drying:--pr.p. ted'ding; pa.t. and pa.p. ted'ded.--n. TED'DER, an implement for spreading hay. [Scand.; Ice. tedhja, spread manure.]

TEDE, TEAD, t[=e]d, n. (obs.) a torch. [L. tæda.]

TEDESCO, te-des'k[=o], adj. German. [It.]

TE DEUM, t[=e] d[=e]'um, n. a famous Latin hymn of the Western Church, sung at the end of matins on all feasts except Innocents' Day, and on all Sundays except during penitential seasons--it begins with the words Te Deum Laudamus, 'We praise thee, O God:' a thanksgiving service in which this hymn forms a principal part.

TEDIOUS, t[=e]'di-us, adj. wearisome: tiresome from length or slowness: irksome: slow.--n. TEDIOS'ITY, tediousness.--adv. T[=E]'DIOUSLY.--n. T[=E]'DIOUSNESS. [L. tædiosus.]

TEDIUM, t[=e]'di-um, n. wearisomeness: irksomeness. [L. tædium--tædet, it wearies.]

TEE, t[=e], n. a mark for quoits, curling-stones, &c.: (golf) the raised sand from which the ball is played at the commencement of each hole.--v.t. to place the golf-ball on this before striking off.

TEE, t[=e], n. a finial in the form of a conventionalised umbrella, crowning a dagoba in Indo-Chinese countries.

TEEM, t[=e]m, v.i. to bring forth or produce: to bear or be fruitful: to be pregnant: to be full or prolific.--n. TEEM'ER.--adjs. TEEM'FUL; TEEM'ING; TEEM'LESS, barren. [A.S. teám, offspring.]

TEEM, t[=e]m, v.t. and v.i. to pour, empty.

TEEN, t[=e]n, n. (arch.) grief, affliction, injury. [A.S. teóna, reproach, injury.]

TEEN, t[=e]n, v.t. (Spens.) to excite, provoke. [A.S. týnan, to irritate, vex.]

TEEN, t[=e]n, v.t. (Spens.) to allot, bestow.

TEENS, t[=e]nz, n.pl. the years of one's age from thir_teen_ to nine_teen_.

TEENY, t[=e]'ni, adj. very small, tiny.

TEENY, t[=e]'ni, adj. (prov.) peevish.

TEER, t[=e]r, v.t. to stir, as a calico-printer's sieve.

TEE-TEE, TITI, t[=e]'t[=e], n. a South American squirrel-monkey.

TEETER, t[=e]'ter, n. (U.S.) a see-saw.--v.i. to see-saw.

TEETH. See TOOTH.

TEETHING, t[=e]th'ing, n. the first growth of teeth, or the process by which they make their way through the gums.--v.i. TEETHE, to grow or cut the teeth.

TEETOTALER, t[=e]-t[=o]'tal-[.e]r, n. one pledged to entire abstinence from intoxicating drinks.--adj. TEET[=O]'TAL.--n. TEET[=O]'TALISM. [Prob. from a stammering pronunciation of the word Total by Richard Turner of Preston in 1833.]

TEE-TOTUM, t[=e]-t[=o]'tum, n. a toy like a small top, twirled by the fingers.

TEFF, tef, n. an Abyssinian cereal-grass.

TEGMEN, teg'men, n. a covering: (bot.) the endopleura or inner coat of the seed: (anat.) the roof of the tympanic cavity of the ear: the covering of the posterior wing of some insects;--pl. TEG'MINA.--adj. TEG'MINAL. [L.]

TEGMENTUM, teg-men'tum, n. the scaly covering of the leaf-buds of deciduous trees.--adj. TEGMEN'TAL.

TEGULATED, teg-[=u]-l[=a]t'ed, adj. composed of plates overlapping like tiles.--adj. TEG'ULAR.--adv. TEG'U-LARLY. [L. tegula, a tile--teg[)e]re, to cover.]

TEGUMENT, teg'[=u]-ment, n. an integument.--adjs. TEGUMEN'TAL, TEGUMEN'TARY. [L. tegumentum--teg[)e]re, to cover.]

TEHEE, t[=e]'h[=e]', n. a laugh.--v.i. to titter. [Imit.]

TEIAN, TEAN, t[=e]'an, adj. pertaining to Teos in ancient Ionia, or to the poet Anacreon, a native.

TE IGITUR, t[=e] ij'i-tur, n. the first paragraph of the eucharistic canon in the Roman liturgy.

TEIL, t[=e]l, n. the linden or lime tree: the terebinth. [O. Fr. teil--L. tilia.]

TEINDS, t[=e]ndz, n.pl. the name given in Scotland to tithes, or, strictly, to that part of the estates of the laity which is liable to be assessed for the stipend of the clergy of the established church.

TEINOSCOPE, t[=i]'n[=o]-sk[=o]p, n. an optical instrument consisting of two prisms so combined as to correct the chromatic aberration.

TEKNONYMY, tek-non'i-mi, n. the naming of the parent from the child.--adj. TEKNON'YMOUS. [Gr. teknon, a child, onoma, a name.]

TELA, t[=e]'la, n. a tissue:--pl. TELÆ (t[=e]'l[=e]).--adjs. T[=E]'LAR, pertaining to a tela, web, or tissue; TEL[=A]'RIAN, spinning a web.--n. a spinning spider.--adj. TEL'ARY, pertaining to a tela, woven, spun. [L.]

TELAMON, tel'a-mon, n. (archit.) a man's figure bearing an entablature. [Gr. telam[=o]n, bearer.]

TELANGIECTASIA, te-lan-ji-ek-t[=a]'si-a, n. a dilation of the small arteries or capillaries--also TELANGIEC'TASIS.--adj. TELANGIECTAT'IC. [Gr. telos, the end, angeion, a vessel, ektasis, extension.]

TELAUTOGRAPH, te-law't[=o]-graf, n. a writing or copying telegraph, invented by Elisha Gray, for reproducing writings at a distance. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, autos, self, graphein, to write.]

TELD, teld, (Spens.) told.

TELEDU, tel'e-d[=oo], n. the stinking badger of Java.

TELEGA, t[=e]-l[=a]'ga, n. a Russian cart without springs.

TELEGRAM, tel'e-gram, n. a message sent by telegraph.--adj. TELEGRAM'MIC, pertaining to a telegram, brief, succinct. [Gr. t[=e]le, at a distance, gramma, that which is written--graphein, to write.]

TELEGRAPH, tel'e-graf, n. an apparatus for transmitting intelligible messages to a distance, esp. by means of electricity.--v.t. to convey or announce by telegraph.--ns. TEL'EGRAPH-C[=A]'BLE, a cable containing wires for transmitting telegraphic messages; TEL'EGRAPHER (or t[=e]-leg'-), TEL'EGRAPHIST (or t[=e]-leg'-), one who works a telegraph.--adjs. TELEGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or communicated by, a telegraph.--adv. TELEGRAPH'ICALLY, in a telegraphic manner: by means of the telegraph.--ns. TEL'EGRAPH-PLANT, an Indian leguminous plant, the small lateral leaflets of whose trifoliate leaves have a strange, spontaneous motion, jerking up and down (sometimes 180 times in a minute), as if signalling, and also rotate on their axes; TEL'EGRAPHY (or t[=e]-leg'-), the science or art of constructing or using telegraphs. [Gr. t[=e]le at a distance, graphein to write.]

TELEKINESIS, tel-[=e]-ki-n[=e]'sis, n. the production of motion without contact, through supra-physical causes, beyond the range of the senses.--adj. TELEKINET'IC. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, kin[=e]sis, movement.]

TELEMETER, t[=e]-lem'e-t[.e]r, n. an instrument for fixing distances in surveying, &c.--adj. TELEMET'RIC.--n. TELEM'ETRY. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, metron, measure.]

TELEOLOGY, tel-e-ol'[=o]-ji, n. the doctrine of the final causes of things.--adjs. TELEOLOG'IC, -AL.--adv. TELEOLOG'ICALLY.--ns. TELEOL'OGISM; TELEOL'OGIST. [Gr. telos, issue, logos, a discourse.]

TELEOSAURUS, t[=e]-l[=e]-[=o]-sawr'us, n. a genus of fossil saurians belonging to the Oolitic period.--adj. and n. TELEOSAU'RIAN. [Gr. teleios, perfect, sauros, a lizard.]

TELEOST, tel'[=e]-ost, adj. osseous.--n. an osseous fish--also TELEOS'TEAN. [Gr. teleios, complete, osteon, bone.]

TELEPATHY, tel'[=e]-path-i, or t[=e]-lep'a-thi, n. the supposed fact that communication is possible between mind and mind otherwise than through the known channels of the senses, as at a distance without external means.--adj. TELEPATH'IC.--adv. TELEPATH'ICALLY.--v.t. TEL'EPATHISE, to affect or act upon through telepathy.--v.i. to practise telepathy.--n. TEL'EPATHIST (or te-lep'-), one who believes in telepathy. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, pathos, feeling.]

TELEPHEME, tel'[=e]-f[=e]m, n. a telephonic message. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, ph[=e]m[=e], a saying.]

TELEPHONE, tel'e-f[=o]n, n. an instrument for reproducing sound at a distance over a conducting wire or cord, esp. by means of electricity.--v.t. and v.i. to communicate by telephone.--n. TEL'EPH[=O]NER, one who uses a telephone.--adj. TELEPHON'IC.--adv. TELEPHON'ICALLY.--ns. TEL'EPH[=O]NIST, one who uses the telephone, one skilled in its use; TELEPH[=O]'NOGRAPH, an apparatus for recording a telephone message.--adj. TELEPHONOGRAPH'IC.--n. TEL'EPHONY, the art of telephoning. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, ph[=o]n[=e], a sound.]

TELEPHOTE, tel'[=e]-f[=o]t, n. an instrument for reproducing images of objects at a distance by means of electricity.--ns. TELEPH[=O]'TOGRAPH, a picture so produced; TELEPHOTOG'RAPHY, the art of producing such--still a dream of the future. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, ph[=o]s, ph[=o]tos, light.]

TELEPLASTIC, tel-[=e]-plas'tik, adj. pertaining to the materialisation of spiritualistic phenomena.--Also TELESOMAT'IC. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, plassein, to form.]

TELERPETON, t[=e]-l[.e]r'pe-ton, n. a remarkable genus of fossil reptiles of the Mesozoic period. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, herpeton, a reptile.]

TELESCOPE, tel'e-sk[=o]p, n. an optical instrument for viewing objects at a distance.--v.t. to drive together so that one thing, as a railway-carriage in a collision, slides into another like the movable joints of a spyglass.--v.i. to be forced into each other in such a way.--adjs. TELESCOP'IC, -AL, pertaining to, performed by, or like a telescope: seen only by a telescope.--adv. TELESCOP'ICALLY.--adj. TEL'ESCOPIFORM.--ns. TEL'ESCOPIST, one who uses the telescope; TEL'ESCOPY (or t[=e]-les'-), the art of constructing or of using the telescope. [Fr.,--Gr. t[=e]le, at a distance, skopein, to see.]

TELESEME, tel'[=e]-s[=e]m, n. a system of electric signalling for the automatic transmission of different signals, in use in large hotels, for police alarms, &c. [Gr. t[=e]le, far, s[=e]ma, a sign.]

TELESIA, t[=e]-l[=e]'si-a, n. the sapphire. [Gr. telesios, finishing--telos, the end.]

TELESPECTROSCOPE, tel-[=e]-spek'tr[=o]-sk[=o]p, n. a combined astronomical telescope and spectroscope.

TELESTEREOSCOPE, tel-[=e]-ster'[=e]-[=o]-sk[=o]p, n. an optical instrument presenting distant objects in relief.

TELESTIC, t[=e]-les'tik, adj. pertaining to the final end. [Gr. telos, an end.]

TELESTICH, tel'[=e]-stik, n. a poem in which the final letters of the lines make a name.

TELETHERMOGRAPH, tel-[=e]-ther'm[=o]-graf, n. a self-registering telethermometer.

TELETHERMOMETER, tel-[=e]-ther-mom'e-t[.e]r, n. thermometer that records its temperature at a distance.

TELEUTOSPORE, t[=e]-l[=u]'t[=o]-sp[=o]r, n. a thick-walled winter spore of the rust-fungi (Uredineæ), producing on germination a promycelium. [Gr. teleut[=e] completion, spora, seed.]

TELIC, tel'ik; adj. denoting a final end or purpose.

TELL, tel, v.t. to number or give an account of: to utter: to narrate: to disclose: to inform: to discern: to explain.--v.i. to give an account: to produce or take effect: to chat, gossip: to tell tales, play the informer:--pa.t. and pa.p. t[=o]ld.--adj. TELL'ABLE, capable of being told.--ns. TELL'ER, one who tells or counts: a clerk whose duty it is to receive and pay money; TELL'ERSHIP, the office of a teller.--p.adj. TELL'ING, having great effect.--adv. TELL'INGLY, in a telling or effective manner.--n. TELL'-TALE, one who tells tales: one who officiously tells the private concerns of others: an indication or an indicator, as an automatic instrument: a bird of genus Totanus, a tattler.--adj. given to reveal secrets, blabbing: apparent, openly seen: giving warning.--TELL OFF, to count off: to detach on some special duty. [A.S. tellan; Ice. telja, Ger. zählen, to number.]

TELLURAL, tel'[=u]-ral, adj. pertaining to the earth.

TELLURIUM, te-l[=u]'ri-um, n. an element by some classed as a metal, placed by others among the metalloids, brittle and crystalline, of high metallic lustre, bluish-white in colour, with close analogies to sulphur and selenium.--n. TEL'LURATE, a salt of telluric acid.--adjs. TEL'L[=U]RETTED, combined with tellurium; TELL[=U]'RIAN, pertaining to the earth.--n. an inhabitant of the earth.--adj. TELL[=U]'RIC, pertaining to, or proceeding from, the earth: of or from tellurium.--n. TEL'LURIDE, a compound of tellurium with an electro-positive element.--adjs. TELL[=U]RIF'EROUS, containing tellurium; TEL'L[=U]ROUS, pertaining to tellurium. [L. tellus, telluris, the earth.]

TELOTYPE, tel'[=o]-t[=i]p, n. a printing electric telegraph: an automatically printed telegram.

TELPHER, tel'f[.e]r, adj. pertaining to a system of telpherage.--n. TEL'PHERAGE, a term coined by Prof. Fleeming Jenkin for a system of electric traction developed on an absolute automatic block system, the presence of a train on one section cutting off the supply of electric energy to the section behind, any mode of transport effected automatically with the aid of electricity. [Framed from tel(egraph)--Gr. t[=e]le, far, pherein, to carry.]

TELSON, tel'son, n. the last somite of the pleon or abdomen of certain crustaceans and arachnidans. [Gr. telson, a boundary.]

TELUGU, tel'[=oo]-g[=oo], n. the language spoken in the north-western portion of the Dravidian area inhabited by the Telingas.--Also TEL'OOGOO.

TEMED, t[=e]md, adj. (Spens.) yoked in a team.

TEMENOS, tem'e-nos, n. a piece of land marked off from common uses and dedicated to a god, a precinct. [Gr.,--temnein, to cut off.]

TEMERITY, te-m[.e]r'i-ti, n. rashness: unreasonable contempt for danger.--adj. TEMER[=A]'RIOUS (obs.), rash, reckless.--adv. TEMER[=A]'RIOUSLY.--adj. TEM'EROUS, rash.--adv. TEM'EROUSLY. [Fr. témérité--L. temeritas--temere, by chance, rashly.]

TEMEWISE, t[=e]m'w[=i]z, adv. (Spens.) like a team.

TEMPEAN, tem-p[=e]'an, adj. pertaining to, or resembling, Tempe, a valley in Thessaly, praised by the classic poets for its matchless beauty: beautiful: delightful.

TEMPER, tem'p[.e]r, v.t. to mix in due proportion: to modify by blending or mixture: to moderate: to soften: to bring to a proper degree of hardness and elasticity, as steel: to amend or adjust, as a false or imperfect concord.--n. due mixture or balance or different or contrary qualities: state of a metal as to hardness, &c.: constitution of the body: constitutional frame or state of mind, esp. with regard to feelings, disposition, temperament, mood: passion, irritation: calmness or moderation: in sugar-works lime or other substance used to neutralise the acidity of cane-juice.--adjs. TEM'PERABLE, capable of being tempered; TEM'PERED, having a certain specified disposition or temper: brought to a certain temper, as steel: (mus.) tuned or adjusted to some mean, or to equal, temperament.--adv. TEM'PEREDLY.--ns. TEM'PERER; TEM'PERING, the process of giving the required degree of hardness or softness to iron or steel, by heating to redness and cooling in different ways. [L. temper[=a]re, to combine properly, allied to tempus, time.]

TEMPERA, tem'pe-rä, n. (paint.) same as DISTEMPER.

TEMPERAMENT, tem'p[.e]r-a-ment, n. state with respect to the predominance of any quality: internal constitution or state: disposition, one of the peculiarities of physical and mental organisation which to a certain extent influence our thoughts and actions--choleric or bilious, lymphatic, nervous, sanguine: the adjustment of imperfect concords, so that the difference between two contiguous sounds is reduced to a minimum and the two appear identical--a system of compromise in the tuning of keyed instruments.--adj. TEMPERAMEN'TAL.--adv. TEMPERAMEN'TALLY. [L. temperamentum--temper[=a]re.]

TEMPERANCE, tem'p[.e]r-ans, n. moderation, esp. in the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions--in a narrower sense, moderation in the use of alcoholic liquors, and even entire abstinence from such.--TEMPERANCE HOTEL, one which professes to supply no alcoholic liquors; TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT, a political agitation for the restriction or abolition of the use of alcoholic liquors; TEMPERANCE SOCIETY, usually an association of total-abstainers from alcoholic liquors. [L. temperantia.]

TEMPERATE, tem'p[.e]r-[=a]t, adj. moderate in degree of any quality, esp. in the appetites and passions, self-restrained: calm: cool, mild, moderate in temperature: abstemious.--adv. TEM'PERATELY.--n. TEM'PERATENESS.--adj. TEM'PERATIVE.--n. TEM'PERATURE, constitution: proportion: degree of any quality, esp. of heat or cold in weather or climate: the thermal condition of a body which determines the interchange of heat between it and other bodies: state of a living body with respect to sensible heat.--TEMPERATE ZONES, the parts of the earth of more cool and equable temperature lying between the tropics and the polar circles--the North Temperate Zone being the space between the tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle; the South Temperate Zone, that between the tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle.

TEMPEST, tem'pest, n. wind rushing with great velocity, usually with rain or snow: a violent storm: any violent commotion.--adjs. TEM'PEST-BEAT'EN; TEM'PEST-TOST (Shak.), driven about by storms; TEMPES'T[=U]OUS, resembling, or pertaining to, a tempest: very stormy: turbulent.--adv. TEMPES'T[=U]OUSLY.--n. TEMPES'T[=U]OUSNESS.--TEMPEST IN A TEA-POT, a great disturbance over a trivial matter. [O. Fr. tempeste--L. tempestas, a season, tempest--tempus, time.]

TEMPLAR, tem'plar, n. one of a religious and military order founded in 1119 for the protection of the Holy Sepulchre and pilgrims going thither--extinguished, 1307-14, in one of the darkest tragedies of history: a student or lawyer living in the Temple, London.--GOOD TEMPLAR, a member of a teetotal society whose organisation is a travesty of that of the Freemasons. [Orig. called 'Poor fellow-soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon,' from their first headquarters in the palace of King Baldwin II., which was built on the site of the temple of Solomon, close to the church of the Holy Sepulchre.]

TEMPLATE, tem'pl[=a]t, n. a mould in wood or metal, showing the outline or profile of mouldings, and from which the workmen execute the moulding.--Also TEM'PLET. [Low L. templatus, vaulted--L. templum, a small timber.]

TEMPLE, tem'pl, n. an edifice erected to a deity or for religious purposes: a place of worship: in London, two inns of court, once occupied by the Knights Templars. [L. templum, prob. for temulum, a space marked out for religious purposes, dim. of tempus, a piece cut off.]

TEMPLE, tem'pl, n. the flat portion of either side of the head above the cheekbone.--adj. TEM'PORAL, pertaining to the temples. [O. Fr. temple--L. tempora, the temples, pl. of tempus, time.]

TEMPO, tem'p[=o], n. (mus.) time, relative rapidity of rhythm. [It.]

TEMPORAL, tem'por-al, adj. pertaining to time, esp. to this life or world--opposed to eternal: worldly, secular, or civil--opposed to sacred or ecclesiastical.--n. TEMPORAL'ITY, what pertains to temporal welfare: (pl.) secular possessions, revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tithes, and the like.--adv. TEM'PORALLY.--n. TEM'PORALNESS.--adv. TEM'PORARILY.--n. TEM'PORARINESS.--adjs. TEM'PORARY, TEMPOR[=A]'NEOUS, for a time only: transient.--n. TEMPORIS[=A]'TION.--v.i. TEM'PORISE, to comply with the time or occasion: to yield to circumstances.--ns. TEM'PORISER; TEM'PORISING.--adv. TEM'PORISINGLY. [Fr.,--L. tempus, time.]

TEMPT, temt, v.t. to put to trial: to test: to try to persuade, esp. to evil: to entice.--adj. TEMP'TABLE.--ns. TEMP'TABLENESS; TEMPT[=A]'TION, act of tempting: state of being tempted: that which tempts: enticement to evil: trial.--adj. TEMPT[=A]'TIOUS, seductive.--n. TEMP'TER, one who tempts, esp. the devil:--fem. TEMP'TRESS.--adj. TEMP'TING, adapted to tempt or entice.--adv. TEMP'TINGLY.--n. TEMP'TINGNESS. [O. Fr. tempter (Fr. tenter)--L. tent[=a]re, an inten. of tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TEMSE, TEMS, tems, n. a sieve.--v.t. to sift. [Cf. Dut. tems.]

TEMULENCE, tem'[=u]-lens, n. intoxication--also TEM'ULENCY.--adj. TEM'ULENT.--adv. TEM'ULENTLY. [L. temulentus, drunk.]

TEN, ten, adj. twice five.--n. a figure denoting ten units, as 10 or x.: a playing-card with ten spots: ten o'clock in the morning or evening.--n. UP'PER-TEN (see under UPPER). [A.S. tén, tíen; Ger. zehn, W. deg, L. decem, Gr. deka, Sans. daçan.]

TENABLE, ten'a-bl, adj. capable of being retained, kept, or defended.--ns. TENABIL'ITY, TEN'ABLENESS, the state or quality of being tenable. [Fr. tenable, from tenir--L. ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENACE, ten'[=a]s, n. at whist, a holding of the first and third best cards (major tenace), or the second and fourth best cards (minor tenace), in a suit. [Fr.]

TENACIOUS, t[=e]-n[=a]'shus, adj. retaining or holding fast: apt to stick: stubborn.--adv. TEN[=A]'CIOUSLY.--ns. TEN[=A]'CIOUSNESS, TENAC'ITY, quality of being tenacious: the quality of bodies which makes them stick to others. [L. tenax--ten[=e]re.]

TENACULUM, t[=e]-nak'[=u]-lum, n. a surgical hooked instrument for drawing out a divided blood-vessel to be tied.

TENAILLE, te-n[=a]l', n. (fort.) an outwork in the main ditch immediately in front of the curtain, of great use for protecting the ditch, covering the postern from the enemy's view, &c.--n. TENAILLON (te-nal'yon), a work to strengthen the side of a small ravelin, and to support the shoulder of the bastion. [Fr.,--L. tenaculum, a holder--ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENANT, ten'ant, n. one who holds or possesses land or property under another, the payments and services which he owes to his superior constituting his tenure: one who has, on certain conditions, temporary possession of any place, an occupant.--v.t. to hold as a tenant.--n. TEN'ANCY, a holding by private ownership: a temporary holding of land or property by a tenant.--adj. TEN'ANTABLE, fit to be tenanted: in a state of repair suitable for a tenant.--n. TEN'ANT-FARM'ER, a farmer who rents a farm from the landlord.--adj. TEN'ANTLESS, without a tenant.--ns.

TEN'ANT-RIGHT, the customary right of the tenant to sit continuously at a reasonable rent, and to receive compensation for his interest from the incoming tenant, and for all permanent or unexhausted improvements from the landlord; TEN'ANTRY, the body of tenants on an estate. [Fr. tenant--L. tenens, pr.p. of ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENCH, tensh, n. a fresh-water fish, of the carp family, very tenacious of life. [O. Fr. tenche (Fr. tanche)--L. tinca.]

TEND, tend, v.t. to accompany as assistant or protector: to take care of, to be attentive to, to wait upon so as to execute.--ns. TEN'DANCE (Spens.), state of expectation: (Shak.) act of waiting or tending, also persons attendant; TEN'DER, a small vessel that attends a larger with stores, &c.: a carriage attached to locomotives to supply fuel and water. [Contracted from attend.]

TEND, tend, v.i. to stretch, aim at, move, or incline in a certain direction: to be directed to any end or purpose: to contribute.--n. TEN'DENCY, direction, object, or result to which anything tends: inclination: drift. [Fr. tendre--L. tend[)e]re; Gr. teinein, to stretch.]

TENDER, ten'd[.e]r, v.t. to stretch out or offer for acceptance, esp. to offer to supply certain commodities for a certain period at rates specified.--n. an offer or proposal, esp. of some service, also the paper containing it: the thing offered, the actual production and formal offer of a sum due in legal money, or an offer of services to be performed, in order to save the consequences of non-payment or non-performance.

TENDER, ten'd[.e]r, adj. soft, delicate: easily impressed or injured: not hardy: fragile: weak and feeble: easily moved to pity, love, &c.: careful not to injure (with of): unwilling to cause pain: apt to cause pain: pathetic, expressive of the softer passions: compassionate, loving, affectionate: young and inexperienced: weakly in health: delicate, requiring careful handling: quick, keen: apt to lean over under sail.--n. TEN'DER-FOOT, one not yet hardened to life in the prairie, mining-camp, &c.: a new-comer.--adj. TEN'DER-HEART'ED, full of feeling.--adv. TEN'DER-HEART'EDLY.--n. TEN'DER-HEART'EDNESS.--adj. TEN'DER-HEFT'ED (Shak.), having great tenderness.--ns. TEN'DERLING, one too much coddled, an effeminate fellow: one of the first horns of a deer; TEN'DER-LOIN, the tenderest part of the loin of beef, pork, &c., lying close to the ventral side of the lumbar vertebræ.--adv. TEN'DERLY.--n. TEN'DERNESS. [Fr. tendre--L. tener, allied to tenuis, thin.]

TENDON, ten'don, n. the white fibrous tissue reaching from the end of a muscle to bone or some other structure which is to serve as a fixed attachment for it, or which it is intended to move--funicular, as the long tendon of the biceps muscle of the arm; fascicular, as the short tendon of that muscle, and as most tendons generally; aponeurotic, tendinous expansions, as the tendons of the abdominal muscles--L. TEN'DO:--pl. TEN'DINES.--adj. TEN'DINOUS, consisting of, containing, or resembling tendons: full of tendons: sinewy.--ns. TENOG'RAPHY, the description of tendons; TENOL'OGY, that part of anatomy which relates to tendons; TENOT'OMY, the surgical operation of dividing a tendon. [Fr. tendon--L. tend[)e]re, to stretch; cf. Gr. ten[=o]n--teinein, to stretch.]

TENDRIL, ten'dril, n. a slender, spiral shoot of a plant by which it attaches itself for support.--adj. clasping or climbing.--adj. TEN'DRILLED. [O. Fr. tendrillons, tendre--L. tener, tender.]

TENEBROUS, ten'e-brus, adj. dark: gloomy--also TEN'EBROSE.--n.pl. TENEBRÆ (ten'e-br[=e]), an office held by Roman Catholics on Good Friday and the preceding two days, consisting of the matins and lauds of the following day. During it the church is gradually darkened by the putting out of all the candles but one, which for a time (as a symbol of our Lord's death and burial) is hidden at the Epistle corner of the altar.--adj. TENEBRIF'IC, producing darkness.--ns. T[=E]NEB'RIO, a genus of beetles, including the meal-worm; TENEBROS'ITY, darkness. [L. tenebrosus--tenebræ, darkness.]

TENEMENT, ten'e-ment, n. anything held, or that may be held, by a tenant: a dwelling or habitation, or part of it, used by one family: one of a set of apartments in one building, each occupied by a separate family.--adjs. TENEMENT'AL; TENEMENT'ARY.

TENENDUM, t[=e]-nen'dum, n. that clause in a deed wherein the tenure of the land is defined and limited. [L., neut. of tenendus, ger. of ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENESMUS, t[=e]-nes'mus, n. the term applied in medicine to a straining and painful effort to relieve the bowels when no fæcal matter is present in the rectum, the effort being caused by some adjacent source of irritation.--adj. TENES'MIC.

TENET, ten'et, n. any opinion, principle, or doctrine which a person holds or maintains as true. [L. tenet, he holds--ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENFOLD, ten'f[=o]ld, adj. ten times folded: ten times more.

TENIOID=Tænioid.

TENNÉ, te-n[=a]', n. (her.) an orange-brown tincture. [Tawny.]

TENNER, ten'[.e]r, n. (slang) a ten-pound note.

TENNIS, ten'is, n. an ancient game for two to four persons, played with ball and rackets within a building specially constructed for the purpose: lawn-tennis (q.v.), a modern imitation of the former.--ns. TENN'IS-BALL, a ball used in the game of tennis; TENN'IS-COURT, a place or court for playing at tennis. [Skeat suggests O. Fr. tenies, pl. of tenie, a fillet--L. tænia.]

TENON, ten'un, n. a projection at the end of a piece of wood inserted into the socket or mortise of another, to hold the two together.--v.t. to fit with tenons.--ns. TEN'ONER, a machine for forming tenons; TEN'ON-SAW, a thin back-saw for tenons, &c. [Fr. tenon--tenir, to hold--L. ten[=e]re.]

TENOR, ten'ur, n. continuity of state: general run or currency: purport: the higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males: the part next above the bass in a vocal quartet: one who sings tenor.--adj. pertaining to the tenor in music.--ns. TEN'OR-CLEF, the C clef, placed on the fourth line; TEN'ORIST. [L. tenor--ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENPENNY, ten'pen-i, adj. worth or sold at tenpence.

TENPINS, ten'pinz, n. a game played in a bowling-alley, the aim being to bowl down ten pins set up at the far end.

TENREC, ten'rek, n. a genus of Insectivora, of one species, 12 to 16 inches long, with squat body and hardly any tail, found in Madagascar and Mauritius.--Also TAN'REC. [Malagasy.]

TENSE, tens, n. time in grammar, the form of a verb to indicate the time of the action. [O. Fr. tens (Fr. temps)--L. tempus, time.]

TENSE, tens, adj. strained to stiffness: rigid.--adv. TENSE'LY.--ns. TENSE'NESS, state of being tense; TENSIBIL'ITY, TENSIL'ITY, quality of being tensile.--adjs. TEN'SIBLE, TEN'SILE, capable of being stretched.--ns. TEN'SION, act of stretching: state of being stretched or strained: strain: effort: strain in the direction of the length, or the degree of it: mental strain, excited feeling: a strained state of any kind; TEN'SION-ROD, a rod in a structure holding together different parts; TEN'SITY, tenseness: state of being tense.--adj. TEN'SIVE, giving the sensation of tenseness or stiffness.--n. TEN'SOR, a muscle that tightens a part. [L. tensus, pa.p. of tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENSON, ten'son, n. a competition in verse between two troubadours before a tribunal of love, also a subdivision of the chanson composed at such.--Also TEN'ZON. [Fr.,--L. tensio, a struggle.]

TENT, tent, n. a portable lodge or shelter, generally of canvas stretched on poles: a plug or roll of lint used to dilate a wound or opening in the flesh--v.t. to probe: to keep open with a tent.--ns. TENT'-BED, a bed having a canopy hanging from a central point overhead; TENT'-CLOTH, canvas, duck, &c. suitable for tents.--adj. TEN'TED, covered with tents.--ns. TEN'TER, one who lives in a tent; TENT'-FLY, an external piece of canvas stretched above the ridge-pole of a tent, shading from sun or shielding from rain; TENT'FUL, as many as a tent will hold; TENT'-GUY, an additional rope for securing a tent against a storm.--adjs. TEN'TIFORM, shaped like a tent; TEN'TING (Keats), having the form of a tent.--ns. TENT'-MAK'ER, one who makes tents; TENT'-PEG, -PIN, a strong peg of notched wood, or of iron, driven into the ground to fasten one of the ropes of a tent to; TENT'-PEG'GING, a favourite cavalry exercise in India, in which the competitor, riding at full speed, tries to bear off a tent-peg on the point of a lance; TENT'-POLE, one of the poles used in pitching a tent; TENT'-ROPE, one of the ropes by which a tent is secured to the tent-pins, generally one for each breadth of the canvas; TENT'-STITCH, in worsted and embroidery, a series of parallel diagonal stitches--also Petit point; TENT'-WORK, work produced by embroidering with tent-stitch. [Fr. tente--Low L. tenta--L. tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENT, tent, n. a Spanish wine of a deep-red colour. [Sp. tinto, deep-coloured--L. tinctus, pa.p. of ting[)e]re, to dye.]

TENT, tent, v.t. (Scot.) to take heed.--v.i. to be careful.--n. care, watchfulness. [Same as Intent.]

TENTACLE, ten'ta-kl, n. a thread-like organ of certain insects for feeling or motion.--adjs. TEN'TACLED; TENTAC'[=U]LAR; TENTAC'[=U]LATE; TENTACULIF'EROUS.--n. TENTAC'[=U]LITE, a genus of annulated tapering shells, found abundantly in Silurian and Devonian strata. [Fr. tentacule--L. tent[=a]re, to feel--tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENTATION, ten-t[=a]'shun, n. old form of temptation.

TENTATIVE, ten'ta-tiv, adj. trying: experimental.--n. any attempt, conjecture.--adv. TEN'TATIVELY. [Fr.,--Late L.,--L. tent[=a]re, to try--tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENTER, ten't[.e]r, n. a machine for extending or stretching cloth on by hooks.--v.t. to stretch on hooks.--n. TEN'TER-HOOK, a sharp, hooked nail, anything that gives torture.--BE ON TENTER-HOOKS, to be on the stretch: to be in suspense or anxiety. [Fr. tenture--L. tentura--tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENTER, ten't[.e]r, n. one who has charge of something.--adj. TEN'TY, attentive.

TENTH, tenth, adj. the last of ten: next in order after the ninth.--n. one of ten equal parts.--adv. TENTH'LY, in the tenth place.

TENTIGO, ten-t[=i]'g[=o], n. morbid lasciviousness.--adj. TENTIG'INOUS.

TENTORIUM, ten-t[=o]'ri-um, n. a sheet of the dura mater stretched between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.--adj. TENT[=O]'RIAL. [L., 'a tent'--tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENTURE, ten't[=u]r, n. hangings for walls.

TENUITY, te-n[=u]'i-ti, n. thinness: smallness of diameter: slenderness: rarity.--v.t. TEN'[=U]ATE, to make tenuous.--adj. TEN[=U]IROS'TRAL, slender-billed, as a bird of the TEN[=U]IROS'TRES, a large division of passerine birds including humming-birds, nuthatches, &c.--adj. TEN'[=U]OUS, thin, slender. [L. tenuitas--tenuis, thin, slender; cf. tend[)e]re, to stretch.]

TENURE, ten'[=u]r, n. a general name for the conditions on which land is held by the persons who occupy and use it. [Fr. tenure--Low L. tenura--L. ten[=e]re, to hold.]

TENUTO, te-n[=oo]'t[=o], adj. (mus.) sustained--opp. to Staccato. [It.]

TEOCALLI, te-[=o]-kal'li, n. one of the temples of the aborigines of Central America, which were erected on the top of a four-sided pyramid, and the remains of which are chiefly found in Mexico.

TEPEFY, tep'[=e]-f[=i], v.t. to make tepid or moderately warm:--pa.t. and pa.p. tep'ef[=i]ed.--n. TEPEFAC'TION, act of making tepid or lukewarm. [L. tepefac[)e]re--tep[=e]re, to be warm, fac[)e]re, to make.]

TEPHRITE, tef'r[=i]t, n. a name applied to certain modern volcanic rocks.--adj. TEPHRIT'IC.--ns. TEPH'RITOID, a variety of tephrite; TEPHI'ROITE, a reddish silicate of manganese.

TEPHROMANCY, tef'r[=o]-man-si, n. divination from the inspection of the ashes of a sacrifice.--Also TEPH'RAMANCY. [Gr. tephra, ashes, manteia, divination.]

TEPID, tep'id, adj. moderately warm: lukewarm.--ns. TEPID[=A]'RIUM, an intermediate chamber in a Roman series of bathrooms, moderately hot: a boiler in which the water was heated: any room containing a warm bath; TEPID'ITY, TEP'IDNESS, lukewarmness; TEP'OR, gentle heat. [L. tepidus--tep[=e]re, to be warm.]

TER, t[.e]r, adv. thrice. [L.]

TERAMORPHOUS, ter-a-mor'fus, adj. monstrous in form or nature. [Gr. teras, a monster, morph[=e], form.]

TERAPHIM, ter'a-fim, n.pl. a Hebrew word of uncertain derivation, denoting a certain kind of images, idols, or household gods, of a human figure, associated with divination, and commonly used in the popular worship:--sing. TER'APH. [Heb.]

TERATOLOGY, ter-a-tol'[=o]-ji, n. the study of malformations or abnormal growths, animal or vegetable.--adj. TERATOGEN'IC, producing monsters.--n. TERATOG'ENY, the production of monsters.--adjs. TER'ATOID, monstrous; TERATOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to teratology.--ns. TERATOL'OGIST, one skilled in teratology; TERAT[=O]'MA, an anomalous congenital tumour, often containing many different tissues.--adj. TERAT[=O]'MATOUS.--n. TERAT[=O]'SIS, monstrosity. [Gr. teras, teratos, a monster.]

TERBIUM, ter'bi-um, n. a rare metal found in certain yttrium minerals.--adj. TER'BIC.

TERCE, t[.e]rs, n. (Scots law) a widow's right, where she has no conventional provision, to a liferent of a third of the husband's heritable property: the office of the third hour, which should be said between sunrise and noon. [Tierce.]

TERCEL, t[.e]rs'el, n. Same as TIERCEL.

TERCENTENARY, t[.e]r-sen'te-n[=a]-ri, adj. including or relating to an interval of three hundred years.--n. the 300th anniversary of anything.--adj. TERCENTEN'NIAL.

TERCET, ter'set, n. a triplet.

TERCINE, ter'sin, n. (bot.) a layer of the primine coat of an ovule.

TEREBENE, ter'[=e]-b[=e]n, n. a light-yellow liquid, obtained by treating oil of turpentine with sulphuric acid, used as a disinfectant.--adj. TEREB'IC, pertaining to turpentine.--n. TER'EBINTH, the turpentine-tree.--adj. TEREBINTH'INE. [L.,--Gr. terebinthos.]

TEREBRA, ter'[=e]-bra, n. a Roman engine for making a breach in a wall: the borer or ovipositor of various insects.--adj. TER'EBRANT.--n. a borer, a bore.--v.t. TER'EBR[=A]TE, to bore.--adj. provided with a borer.--n. TEREBR[=A]'TION. [L.]

TEREBRATULA, ter-[=e]-brat'[=u]-la, n. a genus of deep-sea Brachiopods, from the form of the ventral valve of their shell termed Lamp-shells.--n. TEREBRAT'ULID, one of this genus.--adj. TEREBRAT'[=U]LIFORM.--n. TEREBRAT'ULITE, a fossil terebratulid.--adj. TEREBRAT'[=U]LOID (also n.).

TEREDO, t[=e]-r[=e]'do, n. the ship-worm, a worm very destructive in boring into wood.--Also TER'EDINE. [L.,--Gr. ter[=e]d[=o]n, from teirein, to wear away.]

TEREK, ter'ek, n. a kind of sandpiper, of the genus TER[=E]'KIA.

TERENTIAN, ter-en'shi-an, adj. pertaining to the Roman comic poet Terence, P. Terentius Afer (b. 195 B.C.).

TERES, t[=e]'r[=e]z, n. a terete muscle.--adjs. TERETE', cylindrical and tapering, columnar; TERETICAU'DATE, round-tailed. [L. teres, ter[)e]tis, smooth, ter[)e]re, to rub.]

TERGAL, ter'gal, adj. pertaining to the back, dorsal.--adjs. TER'GANT (her.), turning the back, recursant; TERGIF'EROUS, bearing on the back.--n. TER'GITE, the tergum or back of one of the somites or segments of an arthropod, &c.--adj. TERGIT'IC.--n. TER'GUM, the back, dorsum, or notum, as of an arthropod:--pl. TER'GA. [L. tergum, the back.]

TERGEMINATE, ter-jem'i-n[=a]t, adj. thrice double.--Also TERGEM'INAL, TERGEM'INOUS.

TERGIVERSATION, t[.e]r-ji-v[.e]r-s[=a]'shun, n. a shuffling or shifting: subterfuge: fickleness of conduct.--v.i. TER'GIVERSATE, to practise or use evasion.--n. TER'GIVERS[=A]TOR. [L., from tergum, the back, vers[=a]ri, to turn.]

TERM, t[.e]rm, n. any limited period: the time for which anything lasts: the time during which the courts of law are open: certain days on which rent is paid: that by which a thought is expressed, a word or expression: a condition or arrangement (gener. in pl.): (alg.) a member of a compound quantity.--v.t. to apply a term to: to name or call.--n. TERM'ER, one who attends a court term, often with the sense of a shifty rogue: one holding an estate for a term of years--also TERM'OR.--adj. TERMINOLOG'ICAL.--adv. TERMINOLOGY'ICALLY.--n. TERMINOL'OGY, doctrine of terms: the terms used in any art, science, &c.--adj. TERM'LESS, having no term or end: (Spens.) unlimited, boundless.--adv. TERM'LY, term by term.--BE ON TERMS WITH, to be on friendly relations with; BRING TO TERMS, to compel to the acceptance of conditions; COME TO TERMS, to come to an agreement: to submit; EAT ONE'S TERMS (see EAT); IN TERMS OF, in the language peculiar to anything, in modes of; KEEP A TERM, to give the regular attendance during a period of study; MAJOR TERM, in a syllogism, that which is the predicate of the conclusion; the MINOR TERM, that which is the subject of the conclusion; MAKE TERMS, to come to an agreement; SPEAK IN TERMS, to speak plainly; STAND UPON ONE'S TERMS (with), to insist upon conditions. [Fr. terme--L. terminus, a boundary.]

TERMA, ter'ma, n. the terminal lamina of the brain.--adj. TERMAT'IC.--n. the termatic artery. [Gr., 'a limit.']

TERMAGANT, t[.e]r'ma-gant, n. a boisterous, bold woman.--adj. boisterous: brawling: tumultuous.--n. TER'MAGANCY, state or quality of being a termagant: turbulence.--adv. TER'MAGANTLY. [M. E. Termagant or Tervagant, a supposed Mohammedan idol, represented in the old plays and moralities as of a violent character--O. Fr. Tervagant, Tervagan--It. Trivigante, perh. from the moon as wandering under three names of Selene (Luna) in heaven, Artemis (Diana) on earth, and Persephone (Proserpine) in the lower world.]

TERMES, t[.e]r'm[=e]z, n. a genus of pseudoneuropterous insects. [Termite.]

TERMINATE, t[.e]r'min-[=a]t, v.t. to set a limit to: to set the boundary: to put an end to: to finish.--v.i. to be limited: to end either in space or time: to close.--adj. TER'MINABLE, that may be limited: that may terminate or cease.--n. TER'MINABLENESS.--adj. TER'MINAL, pertaining to, or growing at, the end or extremity: ending a series or part: occurring in every term.--n.pl. TERMIN[=A]'LIA, an annual Roman festival in honour of Terminus, the god of boundaries.--adv. TER'MINALLY.--n. TERMIN[=A]'TION, act of terminating or ending: limit: end: result: the ending of words as varied by their signification.--adjs. TERMIN[=A]'TIONAL, pertaining to, or forming, a termination; TER'MIN[=A]TIVE, tending to terminate or determine: absolute.--adv. TER'MIN[=A]TIVELY.--n. TER'MIN[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, terminates: the boundary between the illuminated and dark portions of the moon or of a planet.--adj. TER'MIN[=A]TORY. [L. terminus.]

TERMINUS, t[.e]r'mi-nus, n. the end or extreme point: one of the extreme points of a railway, &c.: the ancient Roman god of boundaries:--pl. TER'MINI ([=i]).--ns. TER'MINER (law), the act of determining; TER'MINISM, the theological doctrine that there is a limit in the life of each man and of mankind for the operation of grace; TER'MINIST, one who believes in terminism.

TERMITE, ter'm[=i]t, n. the white ant.--ns. TERMIT[=A]'RIUM, TER'MITARY, a mound of termites.--adj. TER'MITINE. [L. termes, termitis, a wood-worm.]

TERN, t[.e]rn, n. a long-winged aquatic fowl allied to the gull.--n. TER'NERY, a place where terns breed. [Allied to Dan. terne, sea-swallow, Ice. therna.]

TERN, t[.e]rn, adj. threefold: consisting of three: growing in threes.--n. that which consists of three things or numbers together: a prize in a lottery got by drawing three favourable numbers.--adjs. TER'NAL, threefold; TER'NARY, proceeding by, or consisting of, threes.--n. the number three.--adj. TER'N[=A]TE, threefold, or arranged in threes.--adv. TER'N[=A]TELY.--n. TER'NION, a section of paper for a book containing three double leaves or twelve pages. [L. terni, three each--tres, three.]

TERNE, t[.e]rn, n. an inferior tin-plate for roofs and the inside of packing-cases. [Fr. terne, dull.]

TERPENE, ter'p[=e]n, n. one of several isomeric oily hydrocarbons. [Terebene.]

TERPSICHORE, t[.e]rp-sik'[=o]-r[=e], n. one of the nine muses, who presided over choral song and dancing.--adj. TERPSICHOR[=E]'AN, relating to Terpsichore, or to dancing. [Gr. terpsichor[=e], delighting in dancing--terpsis, delight--terpein, to enjoy, choros, dancing.]

TERRA, ter'a, n. earth.--ns. TERR'A-COT'TA, a composition of clay and sand used for statues, hardened like bricks by fire; TERR'ACULTURE, agriculture; TERR'Æ-FIL'IUS, a person of humble origin: formerly the title of a scholar at Oxford who composed annually a satirical lampoon in which considerable license was allowed; TERR'A-FIR'MA, a term frequently employed to denote continental land as distinguished from islands: (coll.) land as distinguished from water; TERR'A-JAPON'ICA, pale catechu or gambier; TERR'A-MARA (-mä'ra), an earthy deposit containing fertilising organic or mineral matter, any deposit containing prehistoric remains.--adjs. TERR[=A]'N[=E]AN, being in the earth; TERR[=A]'N[=E]OUS, growing on land.--ns. TERR[=A]'RIUM, a vivarium for land animals; TERR'A-ROS'SA, a name given to a ferruginous red earth extensively developed in the limestone districts of south-eastern Europe, esp. in Istria and Dalmatia. [L. terra, earth; L. cocta, pa.p. of coqu[)e]re, to cook; L. firmus, firm; It. amara, bitter; rosso, red.]

TERRACE, ter'[=a]s, n. a raised level bank of earth: any raised flat place: the flat roof of a house:--pl. (geol.) comparatively level strips of land near the sea, lakes, or rivers, with a sharp descent at the edge towards the water, showing an ancient water-level.--v.t. to form into a terrace. [Fr. terrasse--It. terrazza--L. terra, the earth.]

TERRAIN, ter'[=a]n, n. (geol.) any series of rocks continuously related: any tract considered in relation to its fitness for some purpose. [Fr.,--L. terrenum.]

TERRAPIN, ter'a-pin, n. the popular name of many species of fresh-water and tidal tortoises of the family Emydidæ, natives of tropical and the warmer temperate countries. [Supposed to be Amer. Ind. in origin.]

TERRAQUEOUS, ter-[=a]'kw[=e]-us, adj. consisting of land and water.--Also TERR[=A]'QU[=E]AN. [Coined from L. terra, earth, aqua, water.]

TERREEN, ter-[=e]n', n. less common form of tureen.

TERREMOTIVE, ter-e-m[=o]'tiv, adj. seismic.

TERRENE, te-r[=e]n', adj. pertaining to the earth: earthy: earthly.--adv. TERRENE'LY.--n. TERREN'ITY. [L. terrenus--terra, the earth.]

TERRESTRIAL, te-res'tri-al, adj. pertaining to, or existing on, the earth: earthly: living on the ground: representing the earth.--adv. TERRES'TRIALLY.--n. TERRES'TRIALNESS.--adj. TERRES'TRIOUS, terrestrial. [L. terrestris--terra, the earth.]

TERRET, ter'et, n. one of the two round loops or rings on a pad-tree, through which the driving reins pass.--Also TERR'IT.

TERRIBLE, ter'i-bl, adj. fitted to excite terror or awe: awful: dreadful.--ns. TERR'IBLE-IN'FANT, an inconveniently outspoken child--the Fr. enfant terrible; TERR'IBLENESS, state of being terrible: terror, dread.--adv. TERR'IBLY. [L. terribilis--terr[=e]re, to frighten.]

TERRICOLOUS, te-rik'[=o]-lus, adj. terrestrial.--Also TER'RICOLE, TERRIC'OLINE. [L. terra, earth, col[)e]re, to inhabit.]

TERRIER, ter'i-[.e]r, n. a name originally applied to any breed of dog used to burrow underground, but now applied to any small dog--varieties are the Fox terrier, Scotch terrier (sometimes Skye terrier), Dandie Dinmont (from the stout Borderer in Scott's 'Guy Mannering'), the Irish terrier, Bedlington, &c.: a hole or burrow where foxes, rabbits, &c. secure themselves. [Fr. terrier--terre, the earth--L. terra.]

TERRIER, ter'i-[.e]r, n. a register or roll of a landed estate. [O. Fr.,--L. terrarius--terra, land.]

TERRIFY, ter'i-f[=i], v.t. to cause terror in: to frighten greatly: to alarm:--pa.t. and pa.p. terr'if[=i]ed.--adj. TERRIF'IC, creating or causing terror: fitted to terrify: dreadful.--adv. TERRIF'ICALLY. [L. terr[=e]re, to terrify, fac[)e]re, to make.]

TERRIGENOUS, te-rij'e-nus, adj. produced by the earth.

TERRINE, te-r[=e]n', n. an earthenware vessel for containing some dainty: a tureen for soup. [Fr.,--L. terra, earth.]

TERRITORY, ter'i-t[=o]-ri, n. the extent of land around or belonging to a city or state: domain: (U.S.) a portion of the country not yet admitted as a State into the Union, and still under a provisional government.--adj. TERRIT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to territory: limited to a district.--v.t. TERRIT[=O]'RIALISE, to enlarge by addition of territory: to reduce to the state of a territory.--ns. TERRIT[=O]'RIALISM, a theory of church government according to which the ruler of a country has the natural right to rule also over the ecclesiastical affairs of his people; TERRITORIAL'ITY, the possession of territory.--adv. TERRIT[=O]'RIALLY.--adj. TERR'ITORIED, possessed of territory. [L. territorium--terra, the earth.]

TERROR, ter'or, n. extreme fear: an object of fear or dread--(Milt.) TERR'OUR.--adj. TERR'OR-HAUNT'ED, haunted with terror.--n. TERRORIS[=A]'TION.--v.t. TERR'ORISE, to terrify: to govern by terror.--ns. TERR'ORISER, one who terrorises; TERR'ORISM, a state of terror: a state which impresses terror: an organised system of intimidation; TERR'ORIST, one who rules by terror.--adjs. TERR'ORLESS, free from terror: harmless; TERR'OR-SMIT'TEN, -STRICK'EN, -STRUCK, seized with terror, terrified.--v.t. TERR'OR-STRIKE, to smite with terror.--KING OF TERRORS, death; REIGN OF TERROR, or THE TERROR, the period of fever in the first French Revolution, during which the king, the queen, thousands of victims--the innocent and the guilty--the Girondists, Danton, Madame Roland, and at last Robespierre, were hurried to the guillotine. [L. terror--terr[=e]re, to frighten.]

TERRY, ter'i, n. a pile fabric with uncut loops.

TERSANCTUS. See TRISAGION.

TERSE, t[.e]rs, adj. compact or concise, with smoothness or elegance: neat.--adv. TERSE'LY.--ns. TERSE'NESS, conciseness, brevity; TER'SION, act of wiping. [L. tersus--terg[=e]re, tersum, to rub clean.]

TERTIAL, ter'shal, adj. of the third rank among the flight-feathers of a bird's wing.--n. a tertiary flight-feather.

TERTIAN, t[.e]r'shi-an, adj. occurring every third day.--n. an ague or fever with paroxysms every third day. [L. tertianus--tertius, third--tres, three.]

TERTIARY, t[.e]r'shi-ar-i, adj. of the third degree, order, or formation: pertaining to the series of sedimentary rocks or strata lying above the chalk and other secondary strata, and abounding in organic remains--the Cainozoic: (ornith.) tertial.--n. one who, or that which, is tertiary.--n.pl. TER'TIARIES, a class in the R.C. Church, who, without entering into the seclusion of a monastery, aspire to practise in ordinary life all the substantial obligations of the scheme of virtue laid down in the Gospel. [L. tertiarius--tertius.]

TERUNCIUS, te-run'shi-us, n. an ancient Roman coin, ¼ as, weighing 3 oz.

TERU-TERO, ter'[=oo]-ter'[=o], n. the Cayenne lapwing.

TERVY, ter'vi, v.i. (prov.) to struggle.

TERZA-RIMA, ter'tsa-r[=e]'ma, n. a form of Italian triplet in iambic decasyllables, in which the middle line of the first triplet rhymes with the first and third lines of the next triplet, as in Dante's Divina Commedia and Longfellow's translation of it.--n. TERZET'TO, a musical composition for three voices. [It., terza, fem. of terzo, third, rima, rhyme.]

TESHO-LAMA. See LAMA.

TESSERA, tes'e-ra, n. one of the small square tiles or cut stones used in forming tessellated pavements:--pl. TESS'ERÆ--also TESSEL'LA:--pl. TESSEL'LÆ.--adjs. TESS'ELLAR, composed of, or like, tessellæ; TESS'ELLAR, TESSER[=A]'IC, TESS'ERAL, made up of tesseræ.--v.t. TESS'ELLATE, to form into squares or lay with chequered work.--adj. TESS'ELLATED.--n. TESSELL[=A]'TION, tessellated or mosaic work: the operation of making it. [L. tessella, dim. of tessera, a square piece.]

TEST, test, n. a pot in which metals are tried and refined: any critical trial: means of trial: (chem.) anything used to distinguish substances or detect their presence, a reagent: standard: proof: distinction: a witness, testimony: the hard covering of certain animals, shield, lorica.--v.t. to put to proof: to examine critically.--ns. TEST'-P[=A]'PER, a bibulous paper saturated with some chemical compound that readily changes colour when exposed to certain other chemicals; TEST'-PLATE, a white plate or tile on which to try vitrifiable colours by heat: a glass plate with a series of finely ruled lines used in testing the resolving power of microscopic objectives; TEST'-TUBE, a cylinder of thin glass closed at one end, used in testing liquids.--n.pl. TEST'-TYPES, letters or words in type of different sizes for testing the sight.--TEST ACTS, acts meant to secure that none but rightly affected persons and members of the established religion shall hold office--especially those of 1673 and 1685. [O. Fr. test--L. testa, an earthen pot.]

TEST, test, v.t. to attest legally and date.--v.i. to make a will.--adj. TES'TABLE, capable of being given by will, capable of witnessing. [Fr. tester--L. test[=a]ri, to testify.]

TESTA, tes'ta, n. the outer integument of a seed.

TESTACEA, tes-t[=a]'s[=e]-a, n.pl. shelled or crustaceous animals.--adjs. TEST[=A]'CEAN (also n.), TEST[=A]'CEOUS, consisting of, or having, a hard shell.--ns. TESTACELL'A, a genus of molluscs belonging to the Pulmonifera, and represented in Britain by three species; TESTACEOG'RAPHY, descriptive testaceology; TESTACEOL'OGY, conchology. [L. testaceus--testa, a shell.]

TESTAMENT, tes'ta-ment, n. that which testifies, or in which an attestation is made: the solemn declaration in writing of one's will: a will: a dispensation, as of the Mosaic or old and the Christian or new, one of the two great divisions of the Bible.--n. TES'TACY, state of being testate.--adjs. TESTAMEN'TAL, TESTAMEN'TARY, pertaining to a testament or will: bequeathed or done by will.--adv. TESTAMEN'TARILY.--adj. TES'T[=A]TE, having made and left a will.--ns. TEST[=A]'TION, a witnessing, a giving by will; TEST[=A]'TOR, one who leaves a will;--fem. TEST[=A]'TRIX; TEST[=A]'TUM, one of the clauses of an English deed, enumerating the operative words of transfer, statement of consideration, money, &c. [L. testamentum--test[=a]ri, to be a witness--testis, a witness.]

TESTAMUR, tes-t[=a]'mur, n. a certificate that one has passed an examination at an English university--from the opening word. [L., 'we testify.']

TESTER, tes't[.e]r, n. a flat canopy, esp. over the head of a bed. [O. Fr. teste (Fr. tête), the head--L. testa, an earthen pot, the skull.]

TESTER, tes't[.e]r, n. a sixpence--also TES'TERN.--v.t. TES'TERN (Shak.), to present or reward with a sixpence. [O. Fr. teston--teste (Fr. tête), the head, from that of Louis XII. on it.]

TESTICLE, tes'ti-kl, n. a gland which secretes the seminal fluid in males, a testis, one of the stones.--adjs. TES'TICOND, having the testes concealed; TESTIC'ULAR, pertaining to a testicle; TESTIC'ULATE, -D, shaped like a testicle.--n. TES'TIS, a testicle, a rounded body resembling it:--pl. TES'TES. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis, a testicle.]

TESTIERE, tes-ti-[=a]r', n. complete armour for a horse's head. [O. Fr.]

TESTIFY, tes'ti-f[=i], v.t. to bear witness: to make a solemn declaration: to protest or declare a charge (with against).--v.t. to bear witness to: to affirm or declare solemnly or on oath:--pa.t. and pa.p. tes'tif[=i]ed.--ns. TESTIF'IC[=A]TE (Scots law), a solemn written assertion; TESTIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of testifying or of bearing witness; TES'TIFIER. [L. testific[=a]ri--testis, a witness, fac[)e]re, to make.]

TESTIMONY, tes'ti-m[=o]-ni, n. evidence: declaration to prove some fact: proof: (B.) the two tables of the law: the whole divine revelation.--v.t. (Shak.) to witness.--adj. TESTIM[=O]'NIAL, containing testimony.--n. a writing or certificate bearing testimony to one's character or abilities: a sum of money raised by subscription and presented in any form to a person as a token of respect.--v.t. TESTIM[=O]'NIALISE, to present with a testimonial. [L. testimonium--test[=a]ri, to witness.]

TESTING, tes'ting, n. the act of trying for proof: the operation of refining gold and silver: chemical analysis.--TESTING CLAUSE, in a Scotch deed, the last clause which narrates when and where the parties signed the deed, before what witnesses, by whose hand written, &c.

TESTRIL, tes'tril, n. (Shak.) same as Tester, a sixpence.

TESTUDINAL, tes-t[=u]'din-al, adj. relating to, or resembling, the tortoise.--adjs. TEST[=U]'DINATE, -D, TESTUDIN'EOUS, arched, vaulted, resembling the carapace of a tortoise.--n. TEST[=U]'DO, a cover for the protection of Roman soldiers attacking a wall, formed by overlapping their oblong shields above their heads: any similarly shaped shelter for miners, &c.: an encysted tumour: the fornix: a kind of lyre, the lute. [L. testudo, -inis, the tortoise.]

TESTY, tes'ti, adj. heady: easily irritated: fretful: peevish.--adv. TES'TILY.--n. TES'TINESS. [From O. Fr. teste (Fr. tête), the head.]

TETANUS, tet'a-nus, n. an involuntary, persistent, intense, and painful contraction or cramp of more or less extensive groups of the voluntary muscles: lockjaw: the state of prolonged contraction of a muscle under stimuli repeated quickly.--adjs. TETAN'IC; TET'ANIFORM; TETANIG'ENOUS.--n. TETANIS[=A]'TION.--v.t. TET'ANISE.--adj. TET'ANOID.--n. TET'ANY, a rare and little understood disease of the nervous system, occurring both in children and adults, characterised by recurring attacks of tonic spasm of various muscles, particularly those of the fingers and toes, associated with defective hygienic conditions, imperfect ventilation, poor diet, and in children with rickets. [L.,--Gr.,--tetanos, stretched--teinein, to stretch.]

TETCHY, TECHY, tech'i, adj. touchy, peevish, fretful.--adv. TETCH'ILY, in a tetchy or fretful manner.--n. TETCH'INESS, the state of being tetchy or fretful. [Touchy.]

TÊTE, t[=a]t, n. a head, head-dress.--n. TÊTE-À-TÊTE (t[=a]t'-a-t[=a]t'), a private confidential interview: a sofa for two.--adj. confidential, secret.--adv. in private conversation: face to face. [Fr.]

TETHER, teth'[.e]r, n. a rope or chain for tying a beast, while feeding, within certain limits.--v.t. to confine with a tether: to restrain within certain limits. [M. E. tedir, acc. to Skeat, prob. Celt., Gael. teadhair, a tether, W. tid, a chain. The Low Ger. tider, Ice. tjóðir, are prob. borrowed.]

TETRABRANCHIATE, tet-ra-brang'ki-[=a]t, adj. having four gills.--n.pl. TETRABRANCH'I[=A]TA.

TETRACHORD, tet'ra-kord, n. a series of four sounds, forming a scale of two tones and a half.--adj. TET'RACHORDAL. [Gr. tetrachordos, four-stringed--tetra, for tetara=tessares, four, chord[=e], chord.]

TETRACHOTOMOUS, tet-ra-kot'[=o]-mus, adj. doubly dichotomous, arranged in four rows.--n. TETRAC'TOMY, a division into four parts. [Gr. tetracha, in four parts, temnein, to cut.]

TETRACT, tet'rakt, adj. having four rays.--Also TETRAC'TINAL, TETRAC'TINE. [Gr., tetra-, four, aktis, a ray.]

TETRAD, tet'rad, n. a group of four: (chem.) an atom, radical, or element having a combining power of four.--adjs. TET'RAD, TETRAD'IC.--n. TET'RADITE, one who attaches mystic properties to the number four, one born in the fourth month or on the fourth day of the month.

TETRADACTYL, tet-ra-dak'til. adj. having four fingers or toes--also TETRADAC'TYLOUS.--n. TETRADAC'TYL, a four-toed animal.

TETRADECAPOD, tet-ra-dek'a-pod, adj. having fourteen feet.--n.pl. TETRADECAP'ODA, fourteen-footed crustaceans.--adj. TETRADECAP'ODOUS.

TETRAGAMY, te-trag'a-mi, n. marriage for the fourth time. [Gr., tetra-, four, gamos, marriage.]

TETRAGON, tet'ra-gon, n. a figure of four angles.--adj. TETRAG'ONAL. [Gr. tetragonon--tetra-, four g[=o]nia, an angle.]

TETRAGRAM, tet'ra-gram, n. a word of four letters: the TETRAGRAMMATON: (geom.) a quadrilateral.--n. TETRAGRAM'MATON, the name JeHoVaH as written with four Hebrew letters, regarded as a mystic symbol: similarly some other sacred word of four letters, as the Latin Deus. [Gr., tetra-, four, gramma, a letter.]

TETRAGYNOUS, tet-raj'i-nus, adj. (bot.) having four styles or pistils--also TETRAGYN'IAN.--n.pl. TETRAGYN'IA.

TETRAHEDRON, tet-ra-h[=e]'dron, n. a solid figure enclosed by four bases or triangles.--adjs. TETRAH[=E]'DRAL, having four sides: bounded by four triangles; TETRAHEXAH[=E]'DRAL.--n. TETRAHEX'AH[=E]DRON, a solid of twenty-four triangular faces. [Gr., tetra-, four, hedra, a base.]

TETRALOGY, te-tral'[=o]-ji, n. a group of four dramas, three tragic and one satiric, exhibited together at the festivals of Dionysos at Athens: any series of four related dramatic or operatic works.

TETRAMERA, te-tram'e-ra, n.pl. a division of beetles with four-jointed tarsi.--adj. TETRAM'ERAL, four-parted.--n. TETRAM'ERISM, division into four parts.--adj. TETRAM'EROUS, having four parts. [Gr., tetra-, four, meros, part.]

TETRAMETER, te-tram'e-t[.e]r, adj. having four measures, each of two iambic or trochaic feet.--n. a verse of four measures. [Gr. tetrametros--tetra-, four, metron, measure.]

TETRANDRIA, te-tran'dri-a, n. the fourth class of the Linnæan classification of plants, containing those with four stamens in a flower.--adjs. TETRAN'DRIAN, TETRAN'DROUS. [Gr., tetra-, four, an[=e]r, andros, a man.]

TETRAO, tet'r[=a]-o, n. the chief genus of the family Tetraonidæ, which also includes quails and partridges. From these the grouse (forming a subfamily, Tetraoninæ) are distinguished. The genus Tetrao is represented by the Capercailzie and the Blackcock or Black Grouse. [L.,--Gr. tetra[=o]n, a pheasant.]

TETRAPETALOUS, tet-ra-pet'a-lus, adj. (bot.) having four distinct petals or flower-leaves.

TETRAPHYLLOUS, tet-ra-fil'us, adj. having four leaves: consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets. [Gr., tetra-, four, phyllon, a leaf.]

TETRAPLA, tet'ra-pla, n. a Bible consisting of four different versions in parallel columns, originally the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, containing four Greek versions (those of Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, and the Septuagint). [Gr. tetraplous, fourfold.]

TETRAPOD, tet'ra-pod, n. an insect distinguished by having but four perfect legs.--adj. four-footed, with four legs--also TETRAP'ODOUS.--n. TETRAP'ODY, a group of four feet. [Gr., tetra-, four, pous, podos, foot.]

TETRAPOLITAN, tet-ra-pol'i-tan, adj. pertaining to a TETRAP'OLIS or a group of four towns.--TETRAPOLITAN CONFESSION, the Confession which the four cities of Strasburg, Constance, Memmingen, and Lindau presented to the Diet of Augsburg (11th July 1530), and, properly speaking, the first Confession of the Reformed Church.

TETRAPTEROUS, te-trap'te-rus, adj. having four wings.--Also TETRAP'TERAN. [Gr., tetra-, four, pteron, a wing.]

TETRAPTOTE, tet'rap-t[=o]t, n. a noun with but four cases. [Gr., tetra-, four, pt[=o]sis, a case.]

TETRARCH, tet'rärk, or t[=e]', n. under the Romans, the ruler of the fourth part of a province: a subordinate prince: the commander of a subdivision of a Greek phalanx.--ns. TET'RARCHATE, TET'RARCHY, office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch: the fourth part of a province. [Gr., tetra-, four, arch[=e]s, a ruler.]

TETRASEMIC, tet-ra-s[=e]'mik, adj. (pros.) equivalent to four short syllables, as a dactyl, anapæst, or spondee. [Gr., tetra-, four, s[=e]ma, a sign.]

TETRASPERMOUS, tet-ra-sper'mus, adj. four-seeded. [Gr., tetra-, four, sperma, seed.]

TETRASPORE, tet'ra-sp[=o]r, n. a reproductive body, composed of four spores or germs, found in algæ.--adjs. TETRASPOR'IC, TET'RASPOROUS. [Gr., tetra-, four, spora, seed.]

TETRASTICH, tet'ra-stik, n. a stanza, &c., of four lines, a quartet.--adjs. TETRASTICH'IC, TETRAS'TICHOUS. [Gr., tetra-, four, stichos, a row.]

TETRASTYLE, tet'ra-st[=i]l, n. a temple or other building having four front columns in its portico: a group of four pillars.--adj. having four pillars. [Gr., tetra-, four, stylos, a column.]

TETRASYLLABLE, tet'ra-sil-a-bl, n. a word of four syllables.--adjs. TETRASYLLAB'IC, -AL, consisting of four syllables.

TETRATHEISM, tet'ra-th[=e]-izm, n. the belief in four elements in the Godhead--the three persons of the Trinity and a divine essence out of which each of these originates. [Gr., tetra-, four, theos, God.]

TETT, tet, n. (obs.) a plait.

TETTER, tet'[.e]r, n. a popular name for several eruptive diseases of the skin.--v.t. to affect with such.--adj. TETT'EROUS. [A.S. teter.]

TETTIX, tet'iks, n. a cicada: an ornament for the hair of that shape. [Gr., 'grasshopper.']

TEUCH, TEUGH, t[=u]h, adj. a Scotch form of tough.

TEUCRIAN, t[=u]'kri-an, adj. relating to the ancient Trojans (Teucri) or to the Troad.--n. a Trojan.

TEUTON, t[=u]'ton, n. one of the ancient inhabitants of Germany, esp. of a tribe living north of the Elbe who invaded Gaul, along with the Cimbri, and were cut to pieces by Marius near Aix in 102 B.C.: one belonging to that division of the Aryans including High and Low Germans and Scandinavians.--adj. TEUTON'IC, belonging to the race so called, including Germans, Scandinavians, English, &c.: also to their language.--ns. TEUTON'ICISM, TEU'TONISM, a Germanism; TEUTONIS[=A]'TION, the act of Germanising.--v.t. and v.i. TEU'TONISE, to Germanise, to adopt German ways.--TEUTONIC KNIGHTS, one of the three military-religious orders of knighthood founded during the period of the Crusades, their distinguishing habiliment a white mantle with a black cross. [L. Teutones--Goth. thiuda, a nation. Cf. Dutch.]

TEW, t[=u], v.t. to make anything ready, to work up: to beat, mix, pound: to taw, as leather: to scourge, drub.--v.i. to work, to bustle, to potter about.--n. trouble, worry.

TEXT, tekst, n. the original words of an author: that on which a comment is written: a passage of Scripture on which a sermon is supposed to be based.--ns. TEXT'-BOOK, a book containing the leading principles of a science; TEXT'-HAND, a large hand in writing--so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in large-hand; TEXT'-MAN, TEX'T[=U]ALIST, one ready in citing Scripture texts: one who adheres to the text.--adj. TEX'T[=U]AL, pertaining to, or contained in, the text: serving for a text.--adv. TEX'TUALLY.--ns. TEX'TUARY, a textualist; TEX'TUS, the authoritative text, esp. of the Bible.--TEXTUS RECEPTUS, the received text of the Greek Testament. [L. textus--tex[)e]re, textum, to weave.]

TEXTILE, teks'til, adj. woven: capable of being woven.--n. a woven fabric.--adj. TEXT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to weaving. [L. textilis--tex[)e]re, textum, to weave.]

TEXTURE, teks't[=u]r, n. anything woven, a web: manner of weaving or connecting: disposition of the parts of a body.--adj. TEX'T[=U]RAL. [L. textura--tex[)e]re.]

THACK, thak, n. a Scotch form of thatch.--UNDER THACK AND RAPE, safely secured under thatch and rope, snug generally.

THAIRM, th[=a]rm, n. (Scot.) an intestine: catgut, a musical string.

THALAMUS, thal'a-mus, n. the receptacle of a flower, the thallus of a fungus: an inner room, nuptial chamber:--pl. THAL'AM[=I].--adjs. THAL'AMIC, pertaining to the optic thalamus, a part of the brain near the origin of the optic nerve; THAL'AMI-FL[=O]'RAL, having the parts of the flower inserted on the thalamus or receptacle.--n. THAL[=A]'MIUM, the layer of reproductive cells in the apothecia of lichens:--pl. THAL[=A]'MIA. [Gr., 'chamber.']

THALASSIC, tha-las'ik, adj. pertaining to the smaller seas--opp. to Oceanic: (zool.) pelagic.--ns. THALASSOC'RACY, THALASSOC'RATY, the sovereignty of the seas; THALASSOG'RAPHER, a student of the phenomena of the ocean.--adj. THALASSOGRAPH'IC.--ns. THALASSOG'RAPHY, the science of the ocean, oceanography; THALASSOM'ETER, a tide-gauge. [Gr. thalassa, the sea.]

THALER, tä'l[.e]r, n. a dollar, in Germany a silver coin worth about 3s. [Ger. Cf. Dollar.]

THALIA, th[=a]-l[=i]'a, n. one of the nine muses, who presided over pastoral and comic poetry.--adj. TH[=A]L[=I]'AN. [Gr. Thaleia, Thalia--thallein, to bloom.]

THALICTRUM, th[=a]-lik'trum, n. a genus of perennial herbs of the Crowfoot family, the meadow-rues: a plant of this genus. [Gr. thaliktron--thallein, to bloom.]

THALLIUM, thal'i-um, n. a metal closely resembling lead in colour and softness, but slightly heavier, first discovered in 1861, and so called from the presence of an intense green line in the spectrum of the flame in which it is volatilised.--adjs. THALL'IC, THALL'IOUS. [Gr. thallos, a green shoot.]

THALLUS, thal'us, n. a vegetative body showing little or no differentiation into leaf, stem, and root, and characteristic of the THALL'OPHYTES or lower Cryptogamia, including algæ, fungi, and lichens.--adjs. THALL'IFORM, of the form of a thallus; THALL'INE, THALLOD'IC, pertaining to a thallus.--n. THALL'OGEN, a thallophyte.--adjs. THALLOG'ENOUS, belonging to the thallogens; THALL'OID, THALL'OSE, resembling a thallus.--ns. THALL'[=O]ME, a thallus; THAM'NIUM, the branched shrub-like thallus of fruticulose lichens. [Gr. thallos, a young shoot.]

THALWEG, tal'v[=a]h, n. the deepest part of a valley. [Ger., thal, valley, weg, way.]

THAMMUZ=Tammuz (q.v.).

THAN, _th_an, conj. when, as, if compared with--a word placed after the comparative of an adjective or adverb between the things compared. [A.S. thonne, in its use a relative or conjunctive adverb, equivalent to our when, used after comparatives to introduce the standard of comparison; closely allied to thone, accus. masc. of def. art. Cf. The.]

THANATOID, than'a-toid, adj. looking like dead: deadly.--adj. THANATOGNOMON'IC, indicating death.--ns. THANATOG'RAPHY, an account of one's death; THANATOL'OGY, the scientific consideration of death; THANATOPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid dread of death; THANATOP'SIS, a view of, or reflection upon, death; THANAT[=O]'SIS, death of a part, gangrene. [Gr. thanatos, death.]

THANE, th[=a]n, n. a member of a class in the old English community that stood distinctly below the old nobility (eorlas, &c.), but above the mere landowners or ceorls--a kind of nobility of service rather than blood.--ns. TH[=A]'NAGE, THANE'DOM, the jurisdiction or the dignity of a thane; THANE'HOOD, THANE'SHIP. [A.S. thegen, thegn, a servant, nobleman--thíhan, to grow; cog. with Ice. thegn, a man, warrior, Ger. degen, a soldier, servant, Gr. teknon, child.]

THANK, thangk, v.t. to express gratitude for a favour.--n. (usually in pl.) expression of gratitude for favour received, often elliptically=My thanks to you.--adj. THANK'FUL, full of thanks: grateful.--adv. THANK'FULLY.--n. THANK'FULNESS.--adj. THANK'LESS, unthankful: not expressing thanks or favours: not gaining thanks.--adv. THANK'LESSLY, in a thankless manner: unthankfully.--ns. THANK'LESSNESS, the state of being thankless: ingratitude; THANK'-OFF'ERING, an offering made to express thanks for mercies received; THANKS'GIVER, one who gives thanks, or acknowledges a favour; THANKS'GIVING, act of giving thanks: a public acknowledgment of divine goodness and mercy: a day set apart for this, esp. that in the United States on the last Thursday of November: a form of giving thanks, a grace, that form preceding the last two prayers of morning or evening prayer or of the litany--the General Thanksgiving; THANK'WORTHINESS, the state of being thankworthy.--adj. THANK'WORTHY, worthy of, or deserving, thanks.--n. THANK'-YOU-MA'AM, a ridge or hollow across a road--from the sudden bobbing of the head of a person in a vehicle crossing it. [A.S. thanc, thonc, will, thanks; cog. with Ger. dank; from the root of think.]

THAPSIA, thap'si-a, n. a genus of umbelliferous plants round the Mediterranean. [L.,--Gr., a plant that dyed yellow, prob. Thapsia garganica, brought from Thapsus, Sicily.]

THARGELIA, thar-g[=e]'li-a, n.pl. one of the more important ancient Greek festivals, held at Athens in honour of Apollo; in the month of Thargelion (May-June).

THAT, _th_at, pron. demons. and rel.--as a demons. (pl. THOSE) it points out a person or thing: the former or more distant thing: not this but the other: as a rel., who or which.--conj. used to introduce a clause: because: for: in order that. [A.S. thæt, neut. of the article the (ðe, ðeó, ðæt, usually replaced by se, seó, ðæt); cog. with Ger. das, dass; Gr. to, Sans. tat. Cf. The.]

THATCH, thach, v.t. to cover, as a roof, with straw, reeds, &c.--n. straw, &c., used to cover the roofs of buildings and stacks.--ns. THATCH'ER; THATCH'ING, the act or art of covering with thatch: the materials used for thatching. [A.S. thæc, thatch, whence theccan, to cover; cog. with Ger. decken, L. teg[)e]re, Gr. stegein, to cover.]

THAUMASITE, thaw'ma-s[=i]t, n. a dull white mineral calcium compound. [Gr. thaumazein, to wonder.]

THAUMATROPE, thaw'ma-tr[=o]p, n. a variation of the Zoetrope (q.v.). [Gr. thauma, wonder, tropos--trepein, to turn.]

THAUMATURGY, thaw'ma-tur-ji, n. the art of working wonders or miracles.--adj. THAUMAN'TIAN (Ruskin), wonderful.--ns. THAUMATOG'ENY, the doctrine of the miraculous origination of life; THAUMATOG'RAPHY, description of natural wonders; THAUMATOL'ATRY, undue wonder-worship; THAU'MATURGE, a wonder-worker.--adjs. THAUMATUR'GIC, -AL, wonder-working.--n.pl. THAUMATUR'GICS, wonderful, especially magical, performances: feats of legerdemain.--ns. THAUMATUR'GISM, thaumaturgy; THAUMATUR'GIST, a wonder-worker; THAUMATUR'GUS, a wonder-worker: a worker of miracles, applied to certain saints. [Gr.,--thauma, a wonder, ergon, work.]

THAW, thaw, v.i. to melt or grow liquid, as ice: to become so warm as to melt ice.--v.t. to cause to melt.--n. the melting of ice or snow by heat: the change of weather which causes it.--adj. THAW'Y, inclined to thaw. [A.S. tháwian; cog. with Ger. thauen, to thaw, to fall in dew.]

THE, _th_e, or (when emphatic) th[=e], demons. pron. usually called the definite article, used to denote a particular person or thing: also to denote a species. [A.S. the, rarely used as nom. masc. of def. art., but common as an indeclinable relative. Cf. That.]

THE, _th_e, adv. used before comparatives, as, 'the more the better.' [A.S. thý, by that, by that much, the instrumental case of the def. art.]

THEANDRIC, th[=e]-an'drik, adj. pertaining to the union and co-operation of the divine and human natures. [Gr., theos, a god, an[=e]r, andros, man.]

THEANTHROPOS, th[=e]-an-thr[=o]'pos, n. the God-man, Christ as having both a divine and human person.--adjs. THEANTHROP'IC, -AL, being at once divine and human: embodying deity in human forms.--ns. THEAN'THROPISM, THEAN'THROPY, the ascribing of human qualities to deity, also of divine qualities to man; THEAN'THROPIST, one who believes in theanthropism. [Gr. theos, a god, anthr[=o]pos, man.]

THEARCHY, th[=e]'ärk-i, n. a theocracy: a body of divine rulers.--adj. THEAR'CHIC. [Gr. thearchia--theos, a god, archein, to be first, to rule--arch[=e], beginning.]

THEATIN, th[=e]'a-tin, n. a member of a R.C. religious brotherhood founded in 1524, taking its name from Theate (It. Chieti), of which one of its first founders, John Peter Caraffa, was bishop.

THEATRE, th[=e]'a-t[.e]r, n. a place where public representations, chiefly dramatic or musical, are seen, a play-house: any place rising by steps like the seats of a theatre: a building adapted for scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, &c.: scene of action, field of operations: the drama, the stage.--adjs. THEAT'RIC, -AL, relating or suitable to a theatre, or to actors: pompous: artificial, affected.--v.t. and v.i. THEAT'RICALISE, to adapt to dramatic representation: to make stagy.--ns. THEAT'RICALISM, THEATRICAL'ITY, staginess, artificiality.--adv. THEAT'RICALLY, in a theatrical manner: in a manner suiting the stage.--n. THEAT'RICALNESS.--n.pl. THEAT'RICALS, dramatic performances.--v.i. THEAT'RICISE, to play a part.--ns. THEAT'RICISM, theatricality, affectation, staginess; THEATROM[=A]'NIA, a craze for play-going; THEAT'ROPHONE, a telephone connected with a theatre. [Gr. theatron--theaomai, I see.]

THEAVE, th[=e]v, n. (prov.) a ewe of the first year.

THEBAINE, th[=e]'ba-in, n. an alkaloid obtained from opium.--Also THEB[=A]'IA.

THEBAN, th[=e]'ban, n. a native of Thebes: (Shak.) a wise man.--adjs. THEB[=A]'IC, TH[=E]'BAN.--n. THEB[=A]'ID, the district around Egyptian Thebes.--THEBAN YEAR, the Egyptian year of 365¼ days.

THECA, th[=e]'ka, n. a sheath, case, or sac, a spore-case: a case for a corporal-cloth:--pl. TH[=E]'CÆ.--adjs. TH[=E]'CAL, TH[=E]'CATE.--ns. TH[=E]'CAPHORE, a receptacle bearing thecæ; TH[=E]'CASPORE, a spore produced in a theca.--adjs. THECASP[=O]'ROUS; THECIF'EROUS, bearing thecæ; TH[=E]'CIFORM, thecal in use or form.--n. TH[=E]'CIUM, the part of the apothecium containing the organs of the fruit in lichens. [Gr. th[=e]k[=e].]

THECLA, thek'la, n. a genus of butterflies, containing the hair-streaks.

THEE, th[=e], pron. objective of thou. [A.S. the, dat. accus. of thu (cf. Thou).]

THEE, th[=e], v.i. (Spens.) to prosper, to thrive. [A.S. theón, thión, to thrive, to grow; Ger. ge-deihen, to increase.]

THEFT, theft, n. act of thieving.--adj. THEFT'[=U]OUS, thievish.--adv. THEFT'[=U]OUSLY. [A.S. theófth, thýfth--theóf, thief.]

THEINE, th[=e]'in, n. a bitter crystallisable volatile principle found in tea.--ns. TH[=E]'IC, a tea-drunkard; TH[=E]'ISM, a morbid state resulting from over-much tea-drinking.

THEIR, th[=a]r, poss. adj. pron. of or belonging to them. [A.S. þára, gen. pl. of the def. art. (replaced the older hira).]

THEIRS, th[=a]rz, poss. of they. [Like hers, ours, yours, a double genitive containing a plural suffix r + a sing. -s. These forms were confined in the 13th and 14th centuries to the Northern dialects, and are probably due to Scandinavian influence.]

THEISM, th[=e]'izm, n. belief in the existence of God with or without a belief in a special revelation.--n. TH[=E]'IST, one who believes in God.--adjs. TH[=E]IST'IC, -AL, pertaining to theism, or to a theist: according to the doctrines of theists. [Gr. theos, God.]

THEM, _th_em, pron. objective of they. [A.S. ðám, dat. pl. of the def. art. (this replaced the older heom, hem). It is the result of two cross influences; the th is taken from Old Norse þeim, the e from A.S. hem.]

THEME, th[=e]m, n. a subject set or proposed for discussion, or on which a person speaks or writes, a thesis, a brief essay: a verb in its radical form unmodified by inflections: (mus.) subject, a short melody developed with variations: an administrative division under the Byzantine empire.--n. TH[=E]'MA, that which constitutes a subject of thought.--adj. TH[=E]MAT'IC.--adv. TH[=E]MAT'ICALLY.--n. TH[=E]'MATIST, a writer of themes. [Fr. thème--L. thema--Gr. tith[=e]mi, I place, set.]

THEMIS, them'is, n. daughter of Uranus and G[=e], mother of the Hours and the Fates, the personification of the order of things established by law, custom, and equity. [Gr.]

THEMSELVES, _th_em-selvz', pron. pl. of himself, herself, and itself. [Them and self.]

THEN, _th_en, adv. at that time: afterward: immediately: at another time.--conj. for that reason, therefore: in that case.--adj. being at that time.--n. a specific time already mentioned.--BY THEN, by that time. [A doublet of than.]

THENAR, th[=e]'nar, n. the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.--adj. of or pertaining to the thenar. [Gr. thenar--theinein, to stretch.]

THENCE, _th_ens, adv. from that time or place: for that reason.--advs. THENCE'FORTH, from that time forth or forward; THENCEFOR'WARD, from that time forward or onward. [M. E. thenne-s, thenne (cf. Then), with the gen. ending -s--A.S. ðanan. Cf. Hence and Whence.]

THEOBROMA, th[=e]-[=o]-br[=o]'ma, n. a small tropical American genus of trees of the sterculia or kola-nut family. The best-known species, Theobroma cacao, yields the cocoa and chocolate of commerce.--n. THEOBR[=O]'MINE, an alkaloid principle, similar to theine and caffeine, existing in the chocolate nut. [Gr., theos, a god, br[=o]ma, food.]

THEOCRACY, th[=e]-ok'ra-si, n. that constitution of a state in which the Almighty is regarded as the sole sovereign, and the laws of the realm as divine commands rather than human ordinances--the priesthood necessarily becoming the officers of the invisible ruler: the state thus governed.--ns. TH[=E]'OCRAT, THEOC'RATIST.--adjs. THEOCRAT'IC, -AL. [Gr. theokratia--theos, God, kratein, to rule.]

THEOCRASY, th[=e]-[=o]-kr[=a]'si, n. the mixed worship of polytheism: a mystic intimacy with deity reached through profound contemplation. [Gr. theos, a god, krasis, a mixing.]

THEOCRITEAN, th[=e]-ok-ri-t[=e]'an, adj. after the manner of Theocritus (3d century B.C.), the greatest of Greek pastoral poets: pastoral, idyllic.

THEODICY, th[=e]-od'i-si, n. a name given to the exposition of the theory of Divine Providence, with a view especially to the vindication of the sanctity and justice of God in establishing the present order of things, in which evil, moral as well as physical, so largely appears to prevail.--adj. THEODIC[=E]'AN. [Gr. theos, God, dik[=e], justice.]

THEODOLITE, th[=e]-od'[=o]-l[=i]t, n. an instrument used in land-surveying for the measurement of angles horizontal and vertical, being neither more nor less than an altitude and azimuth instrument, proportioned and constructed so as to be conveniently portable.--adj. THEODOLIT'IC. [Ety. unknown; Gr. theasthai, to see + hodos, way + litos, smooth; theasthai + dolichos, long, &c.]

THEOGONY, th[=e]-og'[=o]-ni, n. the birth and genealogy of the gods, esp. as told in ancient poetry.--adj. THEOGON'IC.--n. THEOG'ONIST, a writer on theogony. [Gr. theogonia--theos, a god, gon[=e], genos, race--genein, to beget.]

THEOLOGY, th[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, n. the science which treats of God, and of man's duty to Him--Natural, as discoverable by the light of reason alone; or Positive or Revealed, based on the study of divine revelation.--ns. THEOL'OGASTER (-gas-), a shallow fellow who pretends to a knowledge of theology; THEOL'OGATE (-g[=a]t), the course of study for R.C. priests; THEOL'OGER, a theologian; THEOL[=O]'GIAN, one well versed in theology: a divine, a professor of or writer on divinity, esp. in R.C. usage, a theological lecturer attached to a cathedral church--also THEOL[=O]'GUS (-gus).--adjs. THEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to theology or divinity.--adv. THEOLOG'ICALLY.--n. THEOLOG'ICS, theological disputation.--v.t. THEOL'OGISE, to render theological.--v.i. to make a system of theology.--ns. THEOL'OGISER, one who theologises; THEOL'OGIST, a student in the science of theology: a theologian; TH[=E]'OLOGUE (-log), a theologian, esp. a theological student. [Gr. theologia--theos, God, logos, a treatise.]

THEOMACHY, th[=e]-om'a-ki, n. a fighting against the gods, as by the Titans and giants: (Bacon) opposition to the divine will.--n. THEOM'ACHIST. [Gr. theomachia--theos, a god, mach[=e], a battle.]

THEOMANCY, th[=e]'[=o]-man-si, n. divination by means of oracles, sibyls, and other persons inspired immediately by some divinity.--adj. TH[=E][=O]MAN'TIC. [Gr., theos, a god, manteia, divination.]

THEOMANIA, th[=e]-[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, n. a madman's belief that he himself is God, or that God dwells in him.--n. THEOM[=A]'NIAC, one who shows theomania. [Gr., theos, God, mania, madness.]

THEOMORPHIC, th[=e]-[=o]-mor'fik, adj. having the form or likeness of a god.--n. THEOMOR'PHISM. [Gr., theos, a god, morph[=e], form.]

THEOPASCHITE, th[=e]-[=o]-pas'k[=i]t, n. a by-name applied to such as accepted the formula, that, in the passion of Christ, 'God had suffered and been crucified.' It was applied to the Monophysites.--n. THEOPAS'CHITISM. [Gr., theos, God, paschein, to suffer.]

THEOPATHY, th[=e]-[=o]p'a-thi, n. religious emotion aroused by meditation about God.--adj. THEOPATHET'IC.

THEOPHANY, th[=e]-of'a-ni, n. a manifestation or appearance of deity or the gods to man, esp. the appearance of God to the patriarchs in the form of an angel or in human form: the incarnation and second coming of Christ.--adj. THEOPHAN'IC. [Gr., theos, God, phainomai, I appear.]

THEOPHILANTHROPY, th[=e]-[=o]-fil-an'thr[=o]-pi, n. a deistical system of religion drawn up under the French Directory in 1796, and designed to take the place of Christianity.--adj. THEOPHILANTHROP'IC.--ns. THEOPHILAN'THROPISM; THEOPHILAN'THROPIST; TH[=E]'OPHILE, one who loves God.

THEOPNEUSTY, th[=e]'op-n[=u]s-ti, n. divine inspiration.--adj. THEOPNEUS'TIC. [Gr., theos, God, pneustos, inspired--pnein, to breathe.]

THEORBO, th[=e]-orb'[=o], n. a large lute with two necks, one above the other, formerly used for the bass.--n. THEORB'IST. [It. tiorba.]

THEOREM, th[=e]'[=o]-rem, n. a proposition to be proved.--adjs. THEOREMAT'IC, THEOREM'IC.--n. THEOREM'AT[=I]ST.--adjs. THEORET'IC, -AL, pertaining to theory: not practical: speculative.--adv. THEORET'ICALLY.--n.pl. THEORET'ICS, the speculative parts of a science.--n. TH[=E]'ORIC (Shak.), theory, speculation.--v.i. TH[=E]'ORISE, to form a theory: to form opinions solely by theories: to speculate.--ns. TH[=E]'OR[=I]SER; TH[=E]'ORIST, a theoriser: one given to theory and speculation; TH[=E]'ORY, an explanation or system of anything: an exposition of the abstract principles of a science or art: speculation as opposed to practice. [Gr. the[=o]r[=e]ma--the[=o]rein, to view--theasthai, to see.]

THEOSOPHY, th[=e]-os'[=o]-fi, n. immediate divine illumination or inspiration claimed to be possessed by specially gifted men, who also possess abnormal control over natural forces.--ns. TH[=E]'[=O]SOPH, THEOS'OPHER, THEOS'OPHIST, one who claims to believe in immediate divine illumination.--adjs. THEOSOPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to theosophy.--adv. THEOSOPH'ICALLY.--v.i. THEOS'OPHISE, to practise theosophy.--n. THEOS'OPHISM, theosophical tenets.--adj. THEOSOPHI'STICAL, theosophical. [Gr. the[=o]sophia--theos, God, sophia, wisdom.]

THEOTECHNY, th[=e]-[=o]-tek'ni, n. the scheme of divine intervention, the art of introducing deities into poetry.--adj. THEOTECH'NIC. [Gr., theos, a god, techn[=e], art.]

THEOTOCOS, th[=e]-ot'[=o]-kos, n. the mother of God, a title of the Virgin Mary repudiated by Nestorius--it being not God the Logos but only the human nature which had a mother and suffered pain and death.--Also THEOT'OKOS. [Gr., theos, God, tiktein, tekein, to bring forth.]

THERAPEUTÆ, ther-a-p[=u]'t[=e], n.pl. a traditional ascetic sect, allied to the Essenes, living chiefly on the Lake Mareotis, near Alexandria.

THERAPEUTIC, ther-a-p[=u]'tik, adj. pertaining to the healing art: curative.--adv. THERAPEU'TICALLY.--n.sing. THERAPEU'TICS, that part of medicine concerned with the treatment and cure of diseases.--n. THERAPEU'TIST, one versed in therapeutics. [Gr. therapeuein, to take care of, to heal.]

THERE, th[=a]r, adv. in that place--opp. to Here, at that point--it is used to begin sentences when the subject comes after the verb.--interj. expressing certainty, alarm, &c., and in interjectional phrases equivalent to that, as 'There's a good boy.'--advs. THEREABOUT' or -ABOUTS', about or near that place: near that number, quantity, or degree; THEREAFT'ER, after or according to that; THERE'AMONG, among them; THERE'-ANENT' (Scot.), concerning that matter; THEREAT', at that place or occurrence: on that account; THERE'AWAY, from that place or direction, thence: in those parts, thereabout; THEREBY', by that means: in consequence of that; THEREFOR', for that, this, or it; THEREFORE (th[.e]r'fur), for that or this reason: consequently; THEREFROM', from that or this; THEREIN', in that or this place, time, or thing; THEREINAFT'ER, later in the same document; THEREIN'TO, into that place.--n. THERE'NESS, the property of having relative situation or existence.--advs. THEREOF', of that or this; THEREON', on that or this; THEREOUT', out of that or this: outside; THERETHROUGH', through that, by that means; THERETO', THEREUN'TO, to that or this; THERE'TOFORE, before that time; THEREUN'DER, under that; THEREUPON', upon or in consequence of that or this: immediately; THEREWITH', with that or this, thereupon; THERE'WITHAL, with that or this: at the same time, over and above. [A.S. ðær, ðer; conn. with the stem of the.]

THEREOLOGY, ther-[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, n. the art of healing, therapeutics.--n. THEREOL'OGIST, one versed in thereology. [Gr. therein=therapeuein, to tend the sick, logia--legein, to speak.]

THERIACA, th[=e]-r[=i]'a-ka, n. one of the various preparations of opium: a medicine in the form of an electuary, supposed to be an antidote to snakebites, &c.--also TH[=E]'RIAC.--adjs. TH[=E]'RIAC, -AL, TH[=E]'RIAL, medicinal. [L.,--Gr. th[=e]riak[=e]--th[=e]rion, a wild beast.]

THERIANTHROPISM, th[=e]-ri-an'thr[=o]-pizm, n. the representation of deities in combined man and beast forms.--adj. THERIANTHROP'IC, pertaining to super human beings of combined human and bestial forms, or their worship.--n. TH[=E]'RIOMANCY, divination by observation of beasts.--adjs. THERIOMOR'PHIC, THERIOMOR'PHOUS, beast-like.--n. THERIOT'OMY, the dissection of beasts, zootomy.

THERIATRICA, th[=e]-ri-at'ri-ka, n. the art of veterinary medicine.

THERMAL, th[.e]r'mal, adj. pertaining to heat: warm.--n. THERM, a thermal unit.--n.pl. THER'MÆ, hot springs or baths.--adv. THER'MALLY.--n. THERMATOL'OGY, the science of the treatment of disease by heat, esp. by thermal mineral waters.--adj. THER'MIC, thermal.--adv. THER'MICALLY.--ns. THERMOBAROM'ETER, an apparatus for measuring pressure of the atmosphere from the boiling-point of water; THERMOCHEM'ISTRY, that branch of chemistry which treats of the relations between chemical action and heat; THER'MOCHROSY, the property possessed by rays of radiant heat of having varying wave-lengths and degrees of refrangibility; THER'MO-CURR'ENT, a thermo-electric current.--adj. THER'MO-DYNAM'IC.--n. THER'MO-DYNAM'ICS, the branch of physics which treats of heat as a mechanical agent.--adj. THER'MO-ELEC'TRIC.--ns. THER'MO-ELECTRIC'ITY, electricity developed by the unequal heating of bodies; THER'MO-ELECTROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of a current of electricity by its effect in producing heat; THERMOGEN'ESIS, the production of heat, esp. in the body by physiological processes.--adjs. THERMOGENET'IC, THERMOGEN'IC.--ns. THER'MOGRAM, the record made by a thermograph; THER'MOGRAPH, an automatic self-registering thermometer; THERMOG'RAPHY, any process of writing involving the use of heat; THER'MO-MAG'NETISM, magnetism as modified or produced by the action of heat on the body magnetised or on the medium surrounding it; THERMOMET'ROGRAPH, a self-registering thermometer; THER'MO-PILE, a thermo-electric battery used as a thermometer; THER'MOSCOPE, an instrument for detecting changes of temperature without measuring them accurately.--adj. THERMOSCOP'IC.--adv. THERMOSCOP'ICALLY.--n. THER'MOSTAT, an appliance for showing temperatures automatically by the expansion of substances--used in regulating steam pressures, &c.--adj. THERMOSTAT'IC.--adv. THERMOSTAT'ICALLY.--adjs. THERMOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to heat.--n. THERMOT'ICS, the science of heat. [Gr. thermos, hot--therm[=e], heat--therein, to heat.]

THERMIDOR, ther-mi-d[=o]r', n. the eleventh month in the calendar of the first French Republic, lasting from the 19th of July to the 18th of August. The 9th Thermidor of the Republican year 2 (July 27, 1794) is historically memorable as the date of Robespierre's fall and the termination of the Reign of Terror.--n. THERMID[=O]'RIAN, one who took part in this fortunate coup d'état.

THERMOMETER, th[.e]r-mom'e-t[.e]r, n. an instrument for measuring the variations of sensible heat or temperature.--adjs. THERMOMET'RIC, -AL, pertaining to, or made with, a thermometer.--adv. THERMOMET'RICALLY.--For the Centigrade and the Fahrenheit scale and their relations to each other, see Centigrade and Fahrenheit. In the Réaumur scale, still largely used in Russia and Germany, the freezing-point is marked zero, and the space between this and boiling-point is divided into 80 degrees. To reduce it to Fahrenheit, multiply by 2¼ and add 32; to Centigrade, increase the number by one-fourth of itself. Thus: F = 9/5 C + 32 = 9/4 R + 32; C = 5/9 (F - 32) = 5/4 R; R = 4/9 (F - 32) = 4/5 C.--MAXIMUM THERMOMETER, one that registers the maximum temperature to which it is exposed; MINIMUM THERMOMETER, one that registers the minimum temperature to which it is exposed. [Gr. therm[=e], heat, metron, a measure.]

THESAURUS, th[=e]-saw'rus, n. a treasury or repository, esp. of knowledge: a lexicon or cyclopædia. [L.,--Gr. th[=e]sauros--tith[=e]mi, I place.]

THESE, th[=e]z, demons. pron., pl. of this. [A.S. th['æ]s, pl. of thes, this. Doublet those.]

THESIS, th[=e]'sis, n. a position or that which is set down or advanced for argument: a subject for a scholastic exercise: an essay on a theme:--pl. THESES (th[=e]'s[=e]z).--adj. THET'IC.--adv. THET'ICALLY. [L.--Gr. ti-th[=e]-mi, I set.]

THESMOPHORIA, thes-m[=o]-ph[=o]'ri-a, n.pl. an ancient Greek festival with mysteries, celebrated by married women in honour of Demeter (Ceres) five days about October.

THESMOTHETE, thes'm[=o]-th[=e]t, n. a lawgiver, esp. one of the six junior archons in ancient Athens.

THESPIAN, thes'pi-an, adj. pertaining to tragedy: tragic. [Gr. Thespis, founder of the Greek drama.]

THETCH, thech, n. (Spens.). Same as THATCH.

THETHER, theth'[.e]r, adv. (Spens.). Same as THITHER.

THEURGY, th[=e]'ur-ji, n. that kind of magic which affects to work by supernatural agency, as distinguished from natural magic and necromancy.--adjs. THEUR'GIC, -AL.--n. THEUR'GIST, a magician. [Gr. theourgia--theos, a god, ergein, to work.]

THEW, th[=u], n. (used chiefly in pl.) muscle or strength: sinews.--adjs. THEWED (Spens.), furnished with thews or sinews; THEW'LESS, weak; THEW'Y, muscular, strong. [Perh. a form of thigh.]

THEWED, th[=u]d, adj. (Spens.) mannered, behaved, educated. [A.S. théaw, manner, habit.]

THEY, th[=a], pers. pron., pl. of he, she, or it. [The form thei, tha, that came into use in the north of England in the 13th cent., replacing the older hi, heo. It is the A.S. þá, nom. pl. of the definite article, prob. modified by Scandinavian influence.]

THIBLE, thib'l, n. (prov.) a pot-stick.

THICK, thik, adj. dense: imperfectly mobile: compact: not transparent or clear: misty: dull, mentally clouded: crowded: closely set: abundant: frequent, in quick succession: having great depth or circumference: (coll.) in fast friendship.--n. the thickest part of anything: a stupid person.--adv. closely: frequently: fast: to a great depth.--adjs. THICK'-AND-THIN, thorough, completely devoted; THICK'-COM'ING (Shak.), coming fast or close together.--v.t. THICK'EN, to make thick or close: to strengthen.--v.i. to become thick or obscure: to crowd or press.--ns. THICK'ENING, something put into a liquid or mass to make it more thick; THICK'ET, a collection of trees or shrubs thickly or closely set: close wood or copse.--adjs. THICK'-HEAD'ED, having a thick head or skull: stupid; THICK'ISH, somewhat thick.--n. THICK'-KNEE, a stone-plover.--adj. THICK'-LIPPED (Shak.), having thick lips.--adv. THICK'LY.--n. THICK'NESS.--adjs. THICK'-PLEACHED (Shak.), closely interwoven; THICK'-SET, closely planted: having a short, thick body.--n. THICK'-SKIN, a person wanting sensibility: a dull, stupid person, a blockhead.--adj. THICK'-SKINNED, having a thick skin: wanting sensibility: dull: obtuse.--n. THICK'-SKULL (same as THICK-SKIN).--adjs. THICK'-SKULLED, having a thick skull: dull: stupid; THICK'-SPRUNG (Shak.), that have sprung up thick or close together.--n. THICK'UN (slang), a sovereign: a crown.--LAY IT ON THICK, to flatter or praise extravagantly; THROUGH THICK AND THIN, in spite of all obstacles, without any wavering. [A.S. thicce; cog. with Ger. dick.]

THICK, thik, n. (Spens.) a thicket.--v.i. (Spens.) to grow dense.

THIEF, th[=e]f, n. one who steals or takes unlawfully what is not his own.--ns. THIEF'-CATCH'ER, -T[=A]'KER, one whose business is to detect thieves and bring them to justice: a detective. [A.S. theóf; Ice. thjóf-r, Ger. dieb.]

THIEVE, th[=e]v, v.i. to practise theft: to steal.--n. THIEV'ERY, the practice of thieving.--adj. THIEV'ISH, given to, or like, theft or stealing: acting by stealth: secret: sly.--adv. THIEV'ISHLY.--n. THIEV'ISHNESS. [A.S. theófian.]

THIG, thig, v.i. to make supplication, to live on alms.--v.t. to beseech, beg.--n. THIG'GER, a beggar, a sorner. [A.S. thicgan, to take.]

THIGH, th[=i], n. the thick fleshy part of the leg from the knee to the trunk.--n. THIGH'-BONE, the bone of the leg between the hip-joint and the knee. [A.S. theó, theóh; Ice. thjó, Old High Ger. deoh.]

THILK, thilk, pron. (Spens.) the same. [A.S. thylc, thyllíc, the like, such--thí, instrumental case of thæt, that, and líc, like.]

THILL, thil, n. one of the shafts of a cart or other carriage.--ns. THILL'ER, THILL'-HORSE (Shak.), the horse that goes between the thills or shafts of a carriage, or the last of a team. [A.S. thille, a board, a plank.]

THIMBLE, thim'bl, n. a metal cover for the finger, used in sewing.--ns. THIM'BLE-CASE, a case for holding a thimble; THIM'BLEFUL, as much as a thimble will hold: a small quantity; THIM'BLE-RIG, a sleight-of-hand trick in which the performer conceals, or pretends to conceal, a pea or small ball under one of three thimble-like cups.--v.i. to cheat by such means.--ns. THIM'BLE-RIG'GER; THIM'BLE-RIG'GING. [A.S. thýmel, a thumb-stall--thúma, a thumb. An extension of thumb.]

THIN, thin, adj. having little thickness: slim: lean: freely mobile: small: fine: not close or crowded: transparent, flimsy, shallow: not full or well grown, meagre, weak.--adv. not thickly or closely: in a scattered state.--v.t. to make thin: to make less close or crowded (with away, out, &c.): to make rare or less thick or dense.--v.i. to grow or become thin:--pr.p. thin'ning; pa.t. and pa.p. thinned.--adj. THIN'-FACED (Shak.), having a thin face.--adv. THIN'LY.--n. THIN'NESS.--adjs. THIN'NISH, somewhat thin; THIN'-SKINNED, having a thin skin: sensitive: irritable.--n. THIN'-SKINNED'NESS. [A.S. thynne; Ice. thunnr, Ger. dünn.]

THINE, th[=i]n, pron. (poss. form of thou) belonging to thee: thy. [A.S. thín, thy--thín, gen. of thú, thou; Ger. dein.]

THING, thing, n. an inanimate object: a living being (in tenderness or in contempt): an event: a part: (pl.) clothes, wraps.--ns. THING'INESS, reality, objectivity: disposition to take a materialistic view of things; THING'-IN-ITSELF', a noumenon, the Ger. ding an sich; THING'UMBOB, THING'UMMY (coll.), a thing, anything, an indefinite name for some person whom one cannot be troubled to name distinctly.--adj. THING'Y, materialistic.--DO THE HANDSOME THING BY, to treat generously; KNOW A THING OR TWO, to be shrewd; MAKE A GOOD THING OF IT, to reap a good advantage from; THE THING, the proper or right thing. [A.S. thing, thinc; Ger. ding.]

THING, ting, n. a parliament, or a court of law, in Scandinavian countries. [Ice. thing, an assembly.]

THINK, thingk, v.i. to exercise the mind (with about, of, on): to revolve ideas in the mind: to judge: to form or hold as an opinion: to consider: to purpose or design.--v.t. to imagine: to judge: to believe or consider:--pa.t. and pa.p. thought.--adj. THINK'ABLE, capable of being thought.--n. THINK'ER.--p.adj. THINK'ING, having the faculty of thought.--n. the act or state of one who thinks: (Shak.) thought, imagination, judgment.--adv. THINK'INGLY.--THINK LITTLE OF, to have a poor opinion of--opposite to THINK MUCH, or WELL, OF; THINK LONG, to yearn for: to become weary in waiting; THINK OUT, to devise, project: to solve by a process of thought. [A.S. thencan, thencean; cog. with Ger. denken, from root of thank.]

THIRD, th[.e]rd, adj. the last of three.--n. one of three equal parts: (golf) a handicap of a stroke every third hole.--ns. THIRD'-BOR'OUGH (Shak.), an under-constable; THIRD'ING, the third part of anything.--adv. THIRD'LY, in the third place.--adj. THIRD'-RATE, of the third order.--n. THIRDS'MAN, a mediator.--THIRD ESTATE, in England, the House of Commons; THIRD PERSON IN THE TRINITY, the Holy Spirit. [A.S. thridda--threó, three.]

THIRL, th[.e]rl, n. (prov.) a hole: an opening: a short passage between two headings in a mine.--v.t. to pierce, wound: cause to quiver.--v.i. to vibrate, tingle, thrill.

THIRL, th[.e]rl, n. a form of thrall.--v.t. to bind or subject.--n. THIRL'AGE, a form of servitude by which the grain produced on certain lands had to be ground at a certain mill and a certain proportion paid.

THIRST, th[.e]rst, n. the uneasiness caused by want of drink: vehement desire for drink: eager desire for anything.--v.i. to feel thirst: to desire vehemently.--n. THIRST'ER.--adv. THIRST'ILY.--n. THIRST'INESS.--adj. THIRST'Y, suffering from thirst: dry: parched: vehemently desiring. [A.S. thurst, thyrst; Ger. durst; cf. Gr. tersesthai, L. torr[=e]re, to dry.]

THIRTEEN, th[.e]r't[=e]n, adj. and n. three and ten.--adj. and n. THIR'TEENTH, the last of thirteen: a thirteenth part. [A.S. threótýne--threó, three, týn, ten.]

THIRTY, th[.e]r'ti, adj. and n. three times ten.--adj. THIR'TIETH, the last of thirty.--n. a thirtieth part. [A.S. thrítig--threó, three, -tig, suff. denoting ten.]

THIS, _th_is, demons. pron. or adj. denoting a person or thing near, just mentioned, or about to be mentioned: (B.) the last past:--pl. THESE.--n. THIS'NESS, hæccity. [A.S. this, the neut. of the adj. pron. thes (masc.), theós (fem.), this (neut.)--pl. th['æ]s (=these), thás (=those); Ice. thessi, Ger. dieser.]

THISTLE, this'l, n. a genus of prickly plants.--n. THIS'TLE-DOWN, the tufted feathery bristles of the seeds of the thistle.--adj. THIS'TLY, overgrown with thistles. [A.S. thistel; Ger. distel.]

THITHER, _th_ith'[.e]r, adv. to that place: to that end or result.--adv. THITH'ERWARD, toward that place. [A.S. ðider.]

THLIPSIS, thlip'sis, n. constriction of a blood-vessel by external compression. [Gr.,--thlibein, to press.]

THO, th[=o], adv. (Spens.) then, also the sing. of those.

THO'=Though.

THOFT, thoft, n. (prov.) a rowing-bench. [A.S. thofte.]

THOLE, th[=o]l, n. a pin in the side of a boat to keep the oar in place.--Also THOLE'-PIN, THOWL, THOWEL. [A.S. thol; Dut. dol, Ice. thollr.]

THOLE, th[=o]l, v.t. to endure, to suffer: to yield.--v.i. to be patient, to wait. [A.S. tholian, to suffer; Goth. thulan, Ice. thola; Old High Ger. dolén, whence Ger, ge-duld, patience, dulden, to suffer.]

THOLOBATE, th[=o]'l[=o]-b[=a]t, n. (archit.) the substructure on which a dome or cupola rests. [Gr. tholos, a dome, bainein, to go.]

THOLUS, th[=o]'lus, n. a round building, dome, cupola:--pl. TH[=O]'LI.--Also THOLE. [Gr.]

THOMISM, t[=o]'mizm, n. the doctrines of the followers of the prince of scholastic theologians, Thomas Aquinas (1226-74), esp. as these are set forth in his Summa Theologiæ, which still represent, with few exceptions, the general teaching of the R.C. Church.--n. TH[=O]'MIST, a follower of Aquinas.--adjs. THOMIST'IC, -AL.

THONG, thong, n. a piece or strap of leather to fasten anything. [A.S. thwang.]

THOR, th[=o]r, n. the second principal Scandinavian divinity, the god of thunder. [Ice. Thórr.]

THORAH=Torah.

THORAL, th[=o]'ral, adj. nuptial. [L. torus, the bed.]

THORAX, th[=o]'raks, n. the part of the body between the neck and belly: the chest.--adj. THORACIC (-ras'-), pertaining to the thorax or breast. [L.,--Gr.]

THORIUM, th[=o]'ri-um, n. a rare metal resembling aluminium, but taking fire below a red heat, and burning with great brilliancy.--Also THOR[=I]'NUM.

THORN, thorn, n. a sharp, woody spine on the stem of a plant: a spine: a plant having spines or thorns: anything prickly or troublesome.--ns. THORN'-APP'LE, a plant of genus Datura: a haw, a thorn-tree; THORN'BACK, a species of ray or skate which has nail-like crooked spines in its back; THORN'BILL, a variety of humming-bird with short, straight bill; THORN'-BUSH, a shrub producing thorns; THORN'-HEDGE, a hedge of hawthorn.--adjs. THORN'LESS, without thorns; THORN'SET, set or beset with thorns; THORN'Y, full of thorns: prickly: troublesome: harassing (A.S. thorniht).--THORN IN THE FLESH, any cause of constant irritation, from 2 Cor. xii. 7. [A.S. thorn; Ice. thorn, Ger. dorn.]

THOROUGH, thur'[=o], adj. passing through or to the end: complete: entire.--prep. (obs.) through.--n. that which goes through, a passage: the blind and obstinately tyrannical policy of Strafford and Laud in administering civil and ecclesiastical affairs without regard to opposite convictions.--n. THOR'OUGH-BASS (mus.), a bass part all through a piece, with figures placed over the notes to indicate the harmony to be played to each.--adj. THOR'OUGHBRED, thoroughly or completely bred: bred from a dam and sire of the best blood, as a horse, and having the qualities supposed to depend thereon.--n. an animal, esp. a horse, of pure blood--of race-horses, one all of whose ancestors for seven generations (five in America) are recorded in the stud-book.--n. THOR'OUGHFARE, a fare or passage for going through: a public way or street: right of passing through.--adj. THOR'OUGHG[=O]'ING, going through or to the end: going all lengths: complete.--adv. THOR'OUGHLY.--n. THOR'OUGHNESS.--adj. THOR'OUGH-PACED, thoroughly or perfectly paced or trained: complete. [The longer form of through.]

THORP, THORPE, thorp, n. a homestead: a hamlet. [A.S. thorp; Goth. thaurp, Ger. dorf.]

THOSE, th[=o]z, pron., pl. of that. [From A.S. thás, the old pl. of thes, this. Cf. This. Doublet these.]

THOTH, thoth, n. the ancient Egyptian god of wisdom, and the inventor of art, science, letters, &c., ibis-headed, with a tau-cross in his hand.

THOU, thow, pron. of the second person sing., the person addressed (now generally used only in solemn address). [A.S. ðú; cog. with Goth. thu, Gr. tu, L. tu, Sans. tva-m.]

THOUGH, th[=o], conj. admitting: allowing: even if notwithstanding. [Lit. 'on that' (condition), A.S. ðeáh, ðéh; cog. with Goth. thau-h, Ice. thó, Ger. doch; from the stem of the.]

THOUGHT, thawt, pa.t. and pa.p. of think. [A.S. þoht--þencan, to think.]

THOUGHT, thawt, n. the act of thinking: reasoning: deliberation: that which one thinks: idea: fancy: consideration: opinion: meditation: design: care.--adjs. THOUGHT'ED, having thoughts; THOUGHT'FUL, full of thought: employed in meditation: attentive: considerate: promoting serious thought: favourable to meditation.--adv. THOUGHT'FULLY.--n. THOUGHT'FULNESS.--adj. THOUGHT'LESS, without thought or care: careless: inattentive: stupid: dull.--adv. THOUGHT'LESSLY.--ns. THOUGHT'LESSNESS; THOUGHT'-READ'ER; THOUGHT'-READ'ING, the dubious act or art of discerning what is passing in another's mind by some direct and unexplained method, depending neither on gesture, facial expression, nor any articulate or other voluntary indication.--adj. THOUGHT'-SICK (Shak.), uneasy with reflection.--n. THOUGHT'-TRANS'FERENCE, telepathy.--adj. THOUGHT'-TRANSFEREN'TIAL, telepathic.--n. THOUGHT'-WAVE, a supposed undulatory movement of a hypothetical medium by which the phenomena of thought-transference are explained.--TAKE THOUGHT (Shak.), to give way to grief. [A.S. ge-thóht; Ice. thóttr, Ger. bedacht. Cf. Think.]

THOUS, _th_owz (Spens.), Thou art.

THOUS, th[=o]'us, n. a genus of canines, the African jackals, [L. thos--Gr. th[=o]s, a wild dog.]

THOUSAND, thow'zand, adj. denoting ten hundred: proverbially, denoting any great number.--n. the number ten hundred: any large number.--adj. THOU'SANDFOLD, folded a thousand times: multiplied by a thousand.--n. THOU'SAND-LEGS, any one of the Myriapoda.--adj. THOU'SANDTH, the last of a thousand or of any great number.--n. one of a thousand or of any great number.--ONE IN [OF] A THOUSAND, anything exceedingly rare, implying a high degree of rarity or excellence. [A.S. thúsend; Ger. tausend, Goth. thúsundi.]

THOWEL, THOWL. See THOLE (1).

THOWLESS, thow'les, adj. (Scot.) pithless: lazy. [Thew.]

THRALL, thrawl, n. a slave, serf: slavery, servitude: a shelf for barrels.--adj. (arch.) subject.--v.t. to enslave.--ns. THRAL'DOM, THRALL'DOM, the condition of a thrall or slave: slavery: bondage.--adj. THRALL'-LIKE (Milt.), resembling a thrall or slave: resembling slavery: slavish. [Old Northumbrian ðr['æ]l--Ice. þræll, a slave; cf. Old High Ger. drigil, a slave, one who runs errands. From root of A.S. þrægian, to run.]

THRAP, thrap, v.t. to fasten about. [Prob. frap.]

THRAPPLE, thrap'l, n. (Scot.) the windpipe.--Also THROPP'LE. [Throttle.]

THRASH, thrash, v.t. to heat out grain from the straw, to beat soundly--also THRESH.--ns. THRASH'ER, THRESH'ER; THRASH'ING, THRESH'ING, the act of beating out grain from the straw: a sound beating or drubbing; THRASH'ING-FLOOR, THRESH'ING-FLOOR, a floor on which grain is thrashed; THRASH'ING-MACHINE', -MILL, a machine or apparatus for thrashing corn. [A.S. therscan; cog. with Ger. dreschen.]

THRASH, thrash, n. (Scot.) a rush.--Also THRESH.

THRASHER, thrash'[.e]r, n. an American throstle or thrush, the brown thrush or sandy mocking-bird.--Also THRESH'ER.

THRASONICAL, thr[=a]-son'ik-al, adj. resembling Thraso, a boastful soldier in Terence's Eunuchus: boastful, bragging.--adv. THRASON'ICALLY.

THRATCH, thrach, v.t. (Scot.) to gasp for breath.--n. laboured breathing.

THRAVE, thr[=a]v, n. twenty-four sheaves of grain set up in two stooks of twelve sheaves each: the number of two dozen, a good number.--Also THREAVE (thr[=e]v). [Scand., Ice. þrefi--þrífa, to grasp.]

THRAW, thraw, v.t. (Scot.) to twist, wrench.--v.i. to writhe, to wriggle: to be perverse.--adjs. THRÄ'WARD, THRÄ'WART, obstinate; THRAWN, twisted: perverse.--HEADS AND THRAWS, lying beside each other, the head of the one by the feet of the other; IN THE DEAD THRAW, in the agony of death. [Throw.]

THREAD, thred, n. a very thin line of any substance twisted and drawn out: a filament of any fibrous substance: a fine line of yarn: anything resembling a thread: the prominent spiral part of a screw: something continued in long course: the uniform tenor of a discourse.--v.t. to pass a thread through the eye of (as a needle): to pass or pierce through, as a narrow way: to furnish with a thread.--adj. THREAD'BARE, worn to the bare thread: having the nap worn off: hackneyed: used till its novelty or interest is gone.--n. THREAD'BARENESS.--adj. THREAD'EN (Shak.), made of thread.--ns. THREAD'ER; THREAD'INESS, the state of being thread-like or slender: the quality of containing threads; THREAD'-LACE, lace made of linen thread; THREAD'-P[=A]'PER, a piece of thin soft paper for wrapping up a skein of thread.--n.pl. THREAD'-WORMS, a popular name for Nematoda, a class of more or less thread-like worms, many parasitic, others free-living.--adj. THREAD'Y, like thread: slender: containing, or consisting of, thread.--THREAD AND THRUM, all, the good and bad together; THREAD OF LIFE, the thread imagined to be spun and cut by the Fates.--LISLE THREAD, a fine hard-twisted linen thread originally made at Lille in France. [A.S. thr['æ]d--thráwan, to wind, to twist; Ger. drehen.]

THREAP, THREEP, thr[=e]p, v.t. (Scot.) to maintain persistently: to contradict: to urge, to press eagerly.--v.i. to dispute.--n. stubborn insistence: contradiction: a freet. [A.S. threápian, to rebuke.]

THREAT, thret, n. declaration of an intention to inflict punishment or other evil upon another: menace.--v.t. THREAT'EN, to declare the intention of inflicting punishment or other evil upon another: to terrify by menaces: to present the appearance of coming evil or of something unpleasant.--n. THREAT'ENER.--adj. THREAT'ENING, indicating a threat or menace: indicating something approaching or impending.--adv. THREAT'ENINGLY.--adj. THREAT'FUL (Spens.), full of threats, having a menacing appearance. [A.S. þreát--þreótan, to afflict; cog. with Ger. verdriessen, Goth. thriutan, to vex.]

THREE, thr[=e], adj. and n. two and one.--adj. THREE'-COR'NERED, having three corners or angles: (bot.) having three prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem.--n. THREE'-DECK'ER, ship of war carrying guns on three decks: an old-fashioned pulpit.--adjs. THREE'FOLD, folded thrice: thrice repeated: consisting of three; THREE'-FOOT, measuring three feet, or having three feet; THREE'-LEAFED, -LEAVED (bot.), having three distinct leaflets: having the leaves arranged in threes; THREE'-LOBED (bot.), having three lobes; THREE'-MAN (Shak.), worked by three men.--n. THREE'-MAS'TER, a ship with three masts.--adjs. THREE'-NERVED, having three nerves: (bot.) having three distinct nerves running longitudinally without branching, as a leaf; THREE'-NOOKED (Shak.), three-cornered; THREE'-PART'ED, consisting of three parts: (bot.) divided into three parts down to the base, as a leaf.--n. THREEPENCE (thr[=e]'pens, coll. thrip'ens), three pennies: a silver coin of the value of threepence.--adj. THREE'PENNY, worth threepence: of little worth: mean, vulgar.--ns. THREE'-PER-CENTS., bonds or other securities paying three per cent. interest, esp. a portion of the consolidated debt of Great Britain; THREE'-PILE (Shak.), the finest kind of velvet.--adjs. THREE'-PILED, set with a thick pile, as velvet: (Shak.) of the best quality: (Shak.) piled one on another; THREE'PLY, having three plies or folds; THREE'SCORE, three times a score, sixty (also n.); THREE'-SID'ED, having three sides; THREE'SOME, triple; THREE'-SUIT'ED, having but three suits of clothes; THREE'-VALVED, consisting of, or opening with, three valves.--THREE F'S, free sale, fixity of tenure, fair rent--the three demands of the Irish Land League; THREE R'S (see R); THREE TIMES THREE, three cheers thrice repeated. [A.S. þreó, þrý, þír; Ice. þrír, Gael. tri, Goth. threis, Ger. drei, L. tres, Gr. treis, Sans. tri.]

THREMMATOLOGY, threm-a-tol'[=o]-ji, n. the science of breeding or propagating animals and plants under domestication. [Gr. thremma--trephein, to nurse, logia--legein, to say.]

THRENODY, thren'[=o]-di, n. an ode or song of lamentation.--n. THRENE, a lament, lamentation.--adjs. THRENET'IC, -AL; THREN[=O]'DIAL, THRENOD'IC.--n. THREN'ODIST, a writer of threnodies. [Gr. thr[=e]n[=o]dia--thr[=e]nos, a lament, [=o]d[=e], a song.]

THREPSOLOGY, threp-sol'[=o]-ji, n. the science of the nutrition of living organisms, or a treatise thereon. [Gr. threpsis--trephein, to nourish, logia--legein, to say.]

THRESH, thresh (see THRASH).--ns. THRESH'EL, a flail; THRESH'ER, the fox-shark; THRESH'ER-WHALE, the grampus.

THRESHOLD, thresh'[=o]ld, n. a piece of wood or stone under the door of a house: door: entrance: the place or point of entering. [M. E. threshwold--A.S. therscwald--therscan, to thresh, wald, wood.]

THRESTLE, thres'l, n. a three-legged stool. [Trestle.]

THRETTY, thret'i, a dial. form of thirty.

THREW, thr[=oo], pa.t. of throw.

THRICE, thr[=i]s, adv. three times. [M. E. thriës--A.S. þríwa, thrice--þrí, three.]

THRID, thrid, n. (Spens.) a thread.--v.t. to slip through, as a narrow passage. [Thread.]

THRIDACIUM, thri-d[=a]'si-um, n. the inspissated juice of lettuce.--Also THRID'ACE. [L. thridax--Gr. thridax, lettuce.]

THRIFT, thrift, n. state of thriving: frugality: prosperity: increase of wealth: gain: a plant of genus Armeria, order Plumbagineæ, the marsh-rosemary.--adv. THRIFT'ILY.--n. THRIFT'INESS.--adj. THRIFT'LESS, not thrifty: extravagant: not thriving.--adv. THRIFT'LESSLY.--n. THRIFT'LESSNESS.--adj. THRIFT'Y (comp. THRIFT'IER, superl. THRIFT'IEST), showing thrift or economy: thriving by frugality. [Thrive.]

THRILL, thril, v.t. to pierce: to affect strongly.--v.i. to pierce, as something sharp: to cause a tingling, shivering feeling to run through the body: to feel a sharp, shivering sensation.--n. a thrilling sensation.--adjs. THRILL'ANT (Spens.), thrilling, piercing; THRILL'ING, causing to thrill.--adv. THRILL'INGLY, in a thrilling manner: with thrilling sensations.--n. THRILL'INGNESS. [A.S. thyrlian, to bore a hole--thyrel, a hole; Ger. drillen, to drill a hole.]

THRIPS, thrips, n. a genus of the family Thripidæ, which is the sole family of the order Thysanoptera, any member of the same, the corn-thrips, the jassid, the grape-vine thrips. [Gr. thrips, a wood-worm.]

THRIST, thrist, v.i. (Spens.) same as Thirst.--adj. THRIST'Y=Thirsty.

THRIVE, thr[=i]v, v.i. to prosper: to increase in goods: to be successful: to grow: to flourish:--pa.t. thr[=o]ve and thr[=i]ved; pa.p. thriv'en.--adj. THRIVE'LESS, thriftless.--n. THR[=I]'VER, one who succeeds.--p.adj. THR[=I]'VING, flourishing, successful.--adv. THR[=I]'VINGLY, in a thriving or prosperous manner.--n. THR[=I]'VINGNESS. [Ice. thrífa, to grasp.]

THRO', THRO=Through.

THROAT, thr[=o]t, n. the forepart of the neck, in which are the gullet and windpipe: an entrance: a narrow part of anything: (naut.) the widened and hollowed end of a gaff next the mast--opp. to Peak, the outer end.--ns. THROAT'-BAND, -STRAP, -LATCH, a band about the throat; THROAT'-BOLT, an eye-bolt to which to hook the throat-halyards.--n.pl. THROAT'-BRAILS, those which are attached to the gaff for trussing up the sail close to the gaff as well as the mast.--adj. THROAT'ED, with a throat of a specified kind.--n.pl. THROAT'-HAL'YARDS, those for hoisting the throat of a gaff.--adj. THROAT'Y, formed in the throat, guttural in sound.--CLERGYMAN'S SORE THROAT, an affection commonly arising from too prolonged or powerful exercise of the voice by persons in whom the mucous membrane of the throat is in a relaxed condition; CUT ONE'S OWN, or ANOTHER'S, THROAT, to pursue some course ruinous to one's own or to another's interests; GIVE ONE THE LIE IN HIS THROAT, to accuse one to his face of a lie. [A.S. throte; Dut. strot, Ger. drossel, the throat.]

THROB, throb, v.i. to beat or palpitate, as the heart or pulse, with more than usual force:--pr.p. throb'bing; pa.t. and pa.p. throbbed.--n. a beat or strong pulsation.--adv. THROB'BINGLY.--adj. THROB'LESS. [M. E. throbben; cf. L. trepidus, trembling.]

THROE, thr[=o], n. suffering, pain: agony: the pains of childbirth.--v.i. to be in agony.--v.t. to put in agony. [A.S. threá, threáw, suffering--threówan, to suffer.]

THROMBOSIS, throm-b[=o]'sis, n. an affection of the blood--vessels (either veins or arteries), which essentially consists in a coagulation of blood, forming a true clot, at a certain fixed spot.--adjs. THROM'BOSED, THROMBOT'IC.--n. THROM'BUS, the blood-clot formed in thrombosis.

THRONE, thr[=o]n, n. a chair of state richly ornamented and covered with a canopy: seat of a bishop in the cathedral-church of his diocese: sovereign power and dignity: (pl.) the third order of angels in the first triad of the celestial hierarchy.--v.t. to place on a royal seat: to exalt.--v.i. to sit in state, as on a throne:--pr.p. thr[=o]n'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. thr[=o]ned.--adjs. THR[=O]'NAL; THRONE'LESS. [O. Fr.,--L. thronus--Gr. thronos, a seat.]

THRONG, throng, n. a large number of people pressed or crowded together: a crowd: a great multitude.--v.t. to press or crowd: to annoy with numbers.--v.i. to crowd together: to come in multitudes.--adj. (prov.) crowded: busy.--adj. THRONG'FUL, thronged. [A.S. ge-thrang--thringan, to press.]

THROPPLE. Same as THRAPPLE.

THROSTLE, thros'l, n. the song-thrush or mavis: a machine for twisting and winding fibres from roves, consisting of a set of drawing-rollers with bobbins and fliers--also Water-frame.--n. THROS'TLE-COOK, the missel-thrush. [A.S. throstle; Ger. drossel, L. turdus, a thrush.]

THROSTLING, thros'ling, n. a swelling on the throat of cattle causing strangulation.

THROTTLE, throt'l, n. the throat or windpipe.--v.t. to choke by pressure on the windpipe: to shut off the steam from a steam-pipe, engine, &c.--v.i. to breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.--ns. THROTT'LE-PIPE, the vertical pipe between the throttle-valve and dry-pipe of a locomotive; THROTT'LER, one who throttles; THROTT'LE-VALVE, a valve regulating the supply of steam to the cylinder. [Dim. of throat.]

THROUGH, thr[=oo], prep. from end to end, or from side to side of: between the sides of: over the whole extent of: among: from beginning to end: by means of: in consequence of.--adv. from one end or side to the other: from beginning to end: to the end or purpose.--adj. clear, unobstructed, serving for an entire route.--adv. THROUGH'-AND-THROUGH, thoroughly.--ns. THROUGH'-BOLT, a bolt which passes through from side to side of what it fastens; THROUGH'FARE (Shak.), same as THOROUGHFARE; THROUGH'-GANG (Scot.), a thoroughfare.--adj. THROUGH'-GANG'ING, thorough-going.--n. THROUGH-G[=O]'ING (Scot.), a scolding.--adj. active, energetic.--adv. THROUGH'LY (obs.) same as THOROUGHLY.--prep. THROUGHOUT', through to the outside: in every part of: from one end to the other.--adv. in every part: everywhere.--ns. THROUGH'-STONE, a bonder or bond-stone in building: a grave-stone made so as to lie flat; THROUGH'-TICK'ET, a ticket for the whole of a journey; THROUGH'-TRAFF'IC, the traffic between two centres at a distance from each other--opp. to Local traffic; THROUGH'-TRAIN, a train which goes the whole length of a long route.--BE THROUGH, to be finished; CARRY THROUGH (see CARRY); GO THROUGH (see GO). [A.S. þurh; Ger. durch, Sans. tiras.]

THROVE, thr[=o]v, pa.t. of thrive.

THROW, thr[=o], v.t. to hurl: to fling: to wind or twist together, as yarn: to form on a wheel, as pottery: to venture at dice: to put off: to put on or spread carelessly: to cast down in wrestling.--v.i. to cast or hurl: to cast dice:--pa.t. threw (thr[=oo]); pa.p. thr[=o]wn.--n. the act of throwing; a cast, esp. of dice: the distance to which anything may be thrown: a violent effort.--ns. THROW'ER; THROW'ING-T[=A]'BLE, a potter's wheel.--adj. THROWN, twisted.--ns. THROWN'-SILK, organzine, silk thread formed by twisting together two or more threads or singles; THROW'STER, one who throws silk: a gambler; THROW'-STICK, a weapon thrown whirling from the hand, as the boomerang.--THROW ABOUT (Spens.), to cast about or try expedients; THROW AWAY, to lose by neglect or folly, to spend in vain, to reject; THROW BACK, to retort, to refuse: to revert to some ancestral character, to show atavism; THROW BY, to reject, to lay aside as of no use; THROW DOWN, to destroy, to subvert: to depress; THROW IN, to inject, as a fluid, to put in or deposit along with others, to add as an extra; THROW LIGHT ON, to make clear; THROW OFF, to expel, to reject, to renounce: to give forth in an unpremeditated manner; THROW ON, to put on hastily; THROW ONE'S SELF INTO, to engage heartily in; THROW ONE'S SELF ON, or UPON, to cast one's confidence upon, to resign one's self to; THROW OPEN, to cause to swing wide open, to make freely accessible; THROW OUT, to cast out, to reject, to expel: to emit, to utter carelessly, to cause to project: to put into confusion, to confuse: to distance, leave behind; THROW OVER, to discard or desert; THROW UP, to hoist or raise, to raise hastily: to enlarge, as a picture reflected on a screen: to give up, to resign: to vomit. [A.S. thráwan, to turn, to twist; Ger. drehen, to twist, L. torqu[=e]re.]

THRUM, thrum, n. the end of a weaver's thread, any loose thread or fringe: coarse yarn.--v.t. to furnish with thrums: to fringe: to insert short pieces of rope-yarn in a mat or piece of canvas:--pr.p. thrum'ming; pa.t. and pa.p. thrummed.--ns. THRUM'-CAP, -HAT (Shak.), a cap or hat made of thrums or of coarse, shaggy cloth.--adj. THRUM'MY, made of, or like, thrums. [Ice. þrómr, the edge; Ger. trumm, a fragment.]

THRUM, thrum, v.i. to play rudely or monotonously on an instrument with the fingers.--n. a monotonous sound, as that made by unskilled fingers on a harp, &c.--n. THRUM'MER.

THRUSH, thrush, n. a genus of Passerine birds of the family Turdidæ, specifically the throstle, song-thrush, or mavis of Europe. [A.S. þrysce, a thrush.]

THRUSH, thrush, n. an inflammatory and suppurating affection of the sensitive surfaces within the frog of the horse: an infantile disease of the mouth and throat. [Scand., Ice. þurr, dry.]

THRUST, thrust, v.t. to push or drive with force: to stab, pierce.--v.i. to make a push, esp. with a pointed weapon: to squeeze in: to intrude:--pa.t. and pa.p. thrust.--n. a stab: an assault: the horizontal outward pressure of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters, beams, &c. against the walls or bearings: the white whey, the last to be squeezed from the curd.--ns. THRUST'ER; THRUST'-HOE, a hoe worked by pushing.--THRUST ASIDE, to push away, to reject; THRUST OFF, to push away; THRUST ON, to urge or impel; THRUST ONE'S SELF INTO, to intrude; THRUST OUT, to drive out or away; THRUST THROUGH (Shak.), to pierce, to stab; THRUST TO (Spens.), to rush upon; THRUST TOGETHER, to compress; THRUST UPON, to force upon. [Ice. thrýsta, to press.]

THRUST, thrust, v.i. (Spens.) to thirst.--n. thirst.

THUD, thud, n. a dull, hollow sound, caused by a blow or a heavy body falling: a loud noise, concussion, or blast.--v.i. to make a thudding sound: (Scot.) to move quickly.--v.t. (Scot.) to beat, strike. [A.S. þóden, noise.]

THUG, thug, n. one of a class of professional robbers and assassins in India--a kind of secret religious fraternity, murdering stealthily by strangling or poisoning with datura, extirpated 1826-35: any cut-throat ruffian.--ns. THUGGEE', THUG'GERY, THUG'GISM, the practice and superstition of the Thugs. [Hind., thag, thug, cheat.]

THULE, th[=u]'l[=e], n. the name generally given by the ancients to the most northerly part of Europe known to them, of which their want of knowledge was eked out by the imagination--the Orkney and Shetland groups, Iceland, &c. The usual Roman phrase was Ultima Thule. [L.,--Gr. thyl[=e].]

THUMB, thum, n. the short, thick digit, consisting of two phalanges, on the radial side of the human hand: the corresponding member in other animals.--v.t. to handle awkwardly: to play or soil with the thumb or fingers.--v.i. to finger.--adj. THUMBED, having thumbs: marked by the thumb, worn.--ns. THUMB'KIN, THUMB'SCREW, an old instrument of torture for compressing the thumb by means of a screw.--adj. THUMB'LESS.--ns. THUMB'-MARK, a mark left by the impression of the thumb on the pages of a book, &c.; THUMB'PIECE, a piece serving as a support for the thumb: a knob or projection by means of which a spring is worked by pressure of the thumb; THUMB'POT, a very small pot used by florists for starting slips or seedlings; THUMB'-RING (Shak.), a ring worn on the thumb: a ring for the thumb fastened to the guard of a dagger or sword; THUMB'-STALL, a covering or sheath for the thumb.--BY RULE OF THUMB, in a rough-and-ready practical manner, found by experience to be convenient; UNDER ONE'S THUMB, under one's influence. [With intrusive b from A.S. þuma; cog. with Ger. daumen.]

THUMMIM, thum'im, n.pl. perfection. [Heb., tumm[=i]m (pl. of t[=o]m), perfection--t[=a]mam, to be perfect. Cf. Urim.]

THUMP, thump, n. a heavy blow.--v.t. to beat with something heavy.--v.i. to strike or fall with a dull, heavy blow.--n. THUMP'ER, one who, or that which, thumps: anything very big, a big lie, &c.--adj. THUMP'ING, unusually big. [Prob. imit., like Ice. dumpa, to thump.]

THUNDER, thun'd[.e]r, n. the deep rumbling sound after a flash of lightning, a thunderbolt: any loud noise: an alarming denunciation.--v.i. to make thunder: to sound as thunder.--v.t. to give out with noise and terror: to publish a denunciation.--ns. THUN'DERBOLT, a bolt or shaft of lightning preceding a peal of thunder: anything sudden and irresistible: a daring or irresistible hero: ecclesiastical denunciation; THUN'DER-CLAP, a sudden peal of thunder: the report of an explosion of electricity in the clouds; THUN'DER-CLOUD, a cloud charged with electricity, which generally produces lightning and thunder; THUN'DERER; THUN'DERING, the report of a discharge of electricity in the clouds: thunder.--adj. unusually big, tremendous.--adv. THUN'DERINGLY.--adjs. THUN'DERLESS, without thunder; THUN'DER-LIKE (Shak.), like thunder, as a loud noise; THUN'DEROUS, giving forth a sound like thunder, awful.--adv. THUN'DEROUSLY.--ns. THUN'DER-PEAL, a clap of thunder; THUN'DER-PLUMP, a heavy fall of rain in a thunder-storm; THUN'DER-SHOWER, a shower accompanied with thunder, or a short heavy shower from a thunder-cloud; THUN'DER-STONE (Shak.), a stone fabulously supposed to be hurled by thunder, and to do the damage of lightning, a thunderbolt: (geol.) a belemnite, so called from its dart-like shape; THUN'DER-STORM, continued discharges of electricity from the clouds, producing lightning and thunder, and generally accompanied with heavy rain.--v.t. THUN'DER-STRIKE, to strike as by lightning.--n. THUN'DER-STROKE (Shak.), a stroke or blast by lightning.--adjs. THUN'DER-STRUCK, struck by lightning: astonished: struck dumb; THUN'DERY, indicative of thunder, or attended by it. [With intrusive d from A.S. þunor--þunian, to rattle; cog. with Ger. donner, Ice. þorr for þonr, L. ton[=a]re.]

THURIBLE, th[=u]'ri-bl, n. a censer of metal for burning frankincense.--n. TH[=U]'RIFER, the server who carries the thurible.--adjs. THURIF'EROUS, producing or bearing frankincense; THURIF'ICATE, having offered incense.--n. THURIFIC[=A]'TION.--v.t. TH[=U]'RIFY, to cense.--n. THUS, frankincense. [L. thuribulum--thus, thuris, frankincense; akin to Gr. thyos, a sacrifice.]

THURSDAY, thurz'd[=a], n. the fifth day of the week, so called because originally sacred to Thor, the old Teutonic god of thunder. [A.S. thunres dæg--thunres, gen. of thunor, thunder, dæg, day; Ice. Thórsdag-r, Thor's day, Ger. Donnerstag.]

THUS, _th_us, adv. in this or that manner: to this degree or extent.--n. THUS'NESS, state of being thus.--adv. THUS'WISE, in this manner. [A.S. ðus, prob. ðýs, instrumental case of ðes, this.]

THWACK, thwak, v.t. to strike with something blunt and heavy, to thrash.--n. a heavy blow. [A.S. thaccian, to stroke.]

THWAITE, thw[=a]t, n. a piece of land reclaimed to tillage--common in place-names, as Bassen_thwaite_, Cross_thwaite_. [Ice. thveit.]

THWART, thwawrt, adj. cross: being crosswise.--v.t. to cross: to oppose; to defeat.--n. the bench for rowers placed athwart the boat.--advs. THWART; THWAR'TEDLY.--n. THWAR'TER.--adj. THWAR'TING, perverse.--advs. THWAR'TINGLY, perversely; THWART'LY; THWART'SHIPS, across the ship. [Ice. thvert, neut. of thverr; perverse; cog. with A.S. thweorh, Ger. zwerch.]

THY, th[=i], poss. adj. thine, of or pertaining to thee. [Short for thine, A.S. ðín, gen. of ðu, thou.]

THYINE-WOOD, th[=i]'in-w[=oo]d, n. a wood named in Rev. xviii. 12, probably that of the sandarac-tree. [Gr.]

THYLACINE, th[=i]'la-s[=e]n, n. the largest of the extant predaceous marsupials, represented by one species, now restricted to Tasmania.

THYME, t[=i]m, n. a genus of humble half-shrubby plants of the natural order Labiatæ, the common garden-thyme, cultivated for its fragrance, wild-thyme, &c.--n. THY'MOL, an antiseptic phenol, obtained from oil of thyme by distillation.--adj. THY'MY. [Fr.,--L. L. thymum--Gr. thyein, to fill with sweet smells, to burn in sacrifice.]

THYMUS, th[=i]'mus, n. a ductless gland near the root of the neck, of no known function, vestigial in adult man--that of veal and lamb called neck-sweetbread. [Gr. thymos, sweet thyme.]

THYROID, th[=i]'roid, adj. in the form of a shield: denoting a cartilage constituting the anterior, upper part of the larynx, popularly called Adam's apple: denoting a vascular or ductless gland which arises in the earlier human embryo as an ingrowth from the lower part of the pharynx (see Myxoedema). [Gr. thyreos, a shield, eidos, form.]

THYRSUS, th[.e]r'sus, n. (bot.) an inflorescence consisting of a panicle with the lower branches shorter than the middle ones: the wand of Bacchus, a staff wreathed with ivy--also THYRSE.--adjs. THYR'SOID, -AL, having the form of a thyrsus. [Gr. thyrsos.]

THYSANURA, this-a-n[=u]'ra, n. an order of wingless insects of small size, undergoing no metamorphosis, the abdomen usually bearing peculiar structures which seem to be abortive limbs, the spring-tails or bristle-tails.--adjs. THYSAN[=U]'RIAN; THYSAN[=U]'RIFORM. [Gr. thysanos, a fringe, oura, a tail.]

THYSELF, th[=i]-self, pron. thou or thee, in person--used for emphasis.

TI, t[=e], n. a small Pacific tree of the lily family whose fleshy roots are eaten, and yield sugar and spirit.

TIARA, t[=i]-[=a]'ra, n. the lofty ornamental head-dress of the ancient Persians: a head-dress: the mitre of the Jewish high-priest: the pope's triple crown, the papal dignity--also (poet.) TIAR.--adj. TI[=A]'RAED, wearing a tiara. [Fr. tiare--L. tiara--Gr. tiara.]

TIB, tib, n. (Shak.) a punk, whore.

TIBET, THIBET, ti-bet', n. a woollen stuff generally printed in colours: a heavy fabric used for the same purposes as furs, made of goat's hair, black and finely curled--also TIBET CLOTH.--adj. TIB'ETAN, pertaining to Tibet, its language or people.--n. the language or people of Tibet.

TIBIA, tib'i-a, n. the large shinbone.--adj. TIB'IAL, pertaining to the tibia: pertaining to a pipe or flute.--ns. TIBI[=A]'LIS, a tibial muscle; TIB[=I]'CEN, a flute-player. [L., the shinbone, hence a flute.]

TIC, tik, n. a convulsive motion of certain muscles, esp. of the face.--n. TIC'-DOUL'OUREUX, painful convulsive motion of a nerve, usually in the face. [Fr. tic, a twitching; cf. Low Ger. tukken, to twitch.]

TICE, t[=i]s, v.t. (Shak.) to entice.

TICK, tik, n. the popular name for several acaridan arachnids which infest dogs, sheep, &c. [M. E. teke; Dut. teek, Ger. zecke.]

TICK, tik, n. the case or cover in which feathers, &c., are put for bedding.--ns. TICK'EN, TICK'ING, the cloth of which ticks are made. [L. theca---Gr. th[=e]k[=e], a case--tith[=e]mi, I put.]

TICK, tik, v.i. to make a small, quick noise: to beat, as a watch.--ns. TICK'ER, anything which ticks, a watch; TICK'-TACK, a noise like that made by a clock: (Shak.) a game somewhat like backgammon--adv. with a recurring ticking sound. [Imit.; cf. Ger. ticken.]

TICK, tik, v.i. to get or give credit.--n. credit: trust.--n. TICK'-SHOP, a shop where goods are given on credit.--BUY ON TICK, to buy on credit. [Ticket.]

TICK, tik, v.i. to touch lightly.--n. a tap or light touch: a slight speck.--adj. TICKED, speckled.--v.t. TICK'LE, to touch lightly and cause to laugh: to please by slight gratification.--v.i. to feel titillation or tickling.--ns. TICK'LER; TICK'LING. [Tickle is a dim. of tick, to touch lightly, M. E. teck, a touch; Dut. tik.]

TICKET, tik'et, n. a marked card: a token of any right or debt, as for admission, &c.: a list of candidates put forward by a party for election: (obs.) a visiting-card.--v.t. to mark by a ticket.--ns. TICK'ET-DAY, the day before settling day on the Stock Exchange; TICK'ET-OF-LEAVE, a license to be at large, granted to a convict for good conduct; TICK'ET-POR'TER, a licensed porter wearing a badge or ticket; COU'PON-TICK'ET (see COUPON); STRAIGHT'-TICKET, a ticket bearing the names of the nominees of a political party, and them only.--SEASON TICKET, a ticket entitling the holder to admission to lectures, &c., or to travel between certain places on a line of railway, for a certain specified period; THE TICKET, the correct thing. [Short for O. Fr. etiquet, a label, from Teut.; Ger. stecken, to stick.]

TICKLE, tik'l, adj. (Spens.) uncertain, insecure: (Shak.) tottering, insecure, easily tickled, ticklish.--n. TICK'LER, something difficult, a puzzle: a banker's memorandum-book: a dram of spirits.--adj. TICK'LISH, easily tickled: easily affected: nice: critical.--adv. TICK'LISHLY.--n. TICK'LISHNESS.--adj. TICK'LY, ticklish.--n. TICKLY-BEND'ER, risky ice that bends under a skater: (pl.) any game, as tag, played on such ice. [M. E. tikel, unstable, tikelen, freq. of tick, to touch lightly.]

TID, tid, n. (Scot.) fit time or condition.

TIDBIT. Same as TITBIT.

TIDDLE, tid'l, v.t. to fondle--also TID'DER.--v.i. to potter, trifle.

TIDDLYWINK, tid'ly-wingk, n. (prov.) an unlicensed pawn-shop or beer-house.--n.pl. TIDD'LEDYWINKS, a parlour-game in which small discs of ivory, &c., are snapped from the level of the table into a cup in the centre of it--also TIDD'LY-WINKS.

TIDDY, tid'i, n. (prov.) the European wren.

TIDE, t[=i]d, n. time: season: the regular flux and reflux or rhythmic ebb and flow of the sea: course: a tide, time, or season, a feast-day, festival, a certain time, a day of twelve hours: commotion: turning-point.--v.t. to drive with the stream.--v.i. to pour a tide or flood: to work in or out of a river or harbour with the tide.--adj. T[=I]'DAL, pertaining to tides: flowing and ebbing periodically.--ns. TIDE'-GATE, a gate through which the water flows into a basin or dock with the tide, and which is shut to keep it from flowing out again when the tide ebbs: a place where the tide runs with great velocity; TIDE'-GAUGE, an instrument for registering the state of the tide continuously.--adj. TIDE'LESS, having no tides.--ns. TIDE'-LOCK, a lock placed between an entrance-basin and a harbour, canal, or river, and furnished with double gates, so that vessels can pass either out or in at all times of the tide; TIDE'MILL, a mill moved by tide-water: a mill for clearing lands of tide-water; TIDES'-MAN, TIDE'-WAIT'ER, an officer who waits the arrival of vessels, to secure the payment of the duties: one who watches public opinion before declaring his own; TIDE'-T[=A]'BLE, a table giving the time of high-tide at any place; TIDE'-WA'TER, the water of the portion of a river affected by the tide, the seaboard; TIDE'-WAVE, the great wave which follows the apparent motion of the moon; TIDE'-WAY, the channel in which the tide sets; NEAP'-TIDE (see Neap); SPRING'-TIDE (see SPRING).--TIDE OVER, to surmount difficulties, for the time at least, by favourable accidents or by skill. [A.S. tíd; Dut. tijd, Ger. zeit.]

TIDINGS, t[=i]'dingz, n.pl. news: intelligence. [Ice. tiðindi--tið, time; cf. Ger. zeit-ung, news, from zeit.]

TIDY, t[=i]'di, adj. neat: in good order: fairly large: (coll.) comfortable.--n. a cover for chairs, &c.: a child's pinafore.--v.t. to make neat: to put in good order:--pa.t. and pa.p. t[=i]'died.--adv. T[=I]'DILY, in a tidy manner.--n. TI'DINESS, state or quality of being tidy: neatness.--TID'IVATE (coll.) (see TITIVATE). [M. E. tidy, seasonable--tid, tide, time: Ger. zeitig.]

TIE, t[=i], v.t. to bind: to fasten with a cord: to unite: to constrain: (mus.) to unite notes with a tie: to score equally with: to bind with a ligature.--v.i. to make an exactly equal number of points with:--pr.p. ty'ing; pa.t. and pa.p. tied (t[=i]d).--n. a knot, bow, &c.: a bond: something for tying: a necktie: a member fastening parts together, one of a set of timbers laid crosswise: an equality in numbers, as of votes, or of points in a game: (mus.) a curved line drawn over two or more notes on the same degree of the stave, signifying that the second note is not to be sounded separately, but is to sustain the first.--ns. TIE'-BEAM, a beam resting on the walls and stretching across, keeping the rafters fast; T[=I]'ER, one who ties: a child's apron; TIE'-ROD, a rod serving as a tie between two pieces; TIE'-WIG, a court-wig tied with ribbon at the back.--PLAY OFF A TIE, to take part in a final contest to decide a tie in a game. [M. E. teyen--teye, a band--A.S. teág, teáh, týge, a rope.]

TIER, t[=e]r, n. a row or rank, especially when several rows are placed one above another. [Fr. tire--tirer, to draw.]

TIERCE, t[=e]rs, n. a cask containing one-third of a pipe--that is, 42 gallons: a sequence of three cards of the same colour: (mus.) a third: a thrust, in fencing: (her.) a field tripartitely divided in three different tinctures: the third hour of the day, or the office of that hour, the terce.--ns. TIER'CERON (archit.), in vaulting, a rib springing from the intersection of two other ribs; TIER'CET, a stanza of three rhymed verses, a triplet. [O. Fr. tiers, tierce--L. tertia (pars), a third (part)--tres, three.]

TIERCEL, t[=e]rs'el, n. a male hawk.--Also TIERCE'LET. [O. Fr. tiercelet--tiers, tierce, third.]

TIERS ÉTAT, ty[=a]rz [=a]-tä', n. the third estate of the realm, the common people in relation to political power. See ESTATE. [Fr.]

TIFF, tif, v.t. to sip, quaff.--n. a dram.

TIFF, tif, v.t. (obs.) to dress, trick out. [O. Fr. tiffer, atiffer, to adorn; of Teut. origin.]

TIFF, tif, v.i. to be in a pet---n: a display of irritation, a pet, huff.--Also TIFT. [Orig. a sniff. Norw. tev, a drawing in of the breath, teva, to sniff.]

TIFFANY, tif'a-ni, n. a silk-like gauze.--adj. made of tiffany, transparent. [Tiff, to adorn.]

TIFFIN, tif'in, n. the East Indian name for luncheon.--v.i. TIFF, to take lunch--TIFF'IN is less correct. [From Prov. Eng. tiff, a draught of beer.]

TIG, tig, n. a game in which one tries to tag or touch another.

TIG, tig, n. an old four-handed drinking-cup.

TIGE, t[=i]zh, n. a stalk: the shaft of a column. [Fr.--L. tibia, a pipe.]

TIGELLUS, tij-el'us, n. the internode of a stem. [Fr.]

TIGER, t[=i]'g[.e]r, n. a fierce and rapacious feline quadruped, nearly as large as a lion: the jaguar: a servant in livery who rides with his master: a swaggering bully, a low ruffian: (U.S.) one more cheer after a round of cheers: a tiger-beetle:--fem. T[=I]'GRESS.--ns. TI'GER-BEE'TLE, a cicindela; T[=I]'GER-CAT, a wild-cat: the margay, ocelot, and serval; T[=I]'GER-FLOW'ER, a Mexican plant cultivated in flower-gardens for its streaked flowers.--adjs. T[=I]'GER-FOOT'ED (Shak.), hastening to devour, fierce and rapacious; T[=I]'GERISH, like a tiger in disposition.--ns. T[=I]'GERISM; T[=I]'GER-LIL'Y, a species of lily with spotted flowers; T[=I]'GER-MOTH, any one of the Arctiidæ, whose larvæ are called woolly bears; T[=I]'GER-WOLF, a name given to the spotted hyena and to the Thylacine.--adj. T[=I]'GRINE, like a tiger. [Fr. tigre--L. tigris--Gr. tigris--Zend. tighri, an arrow, whence the river Tigris.]

TIGHT, t[=i]t, adj. close: compact: rigid: hampered from want of money: snug, trim: not leaky: fitting closely, also too closely: scarce, not easily obtainable: (coll.) unwilling to part with money: tipsy: not loose or free in treatment.--v.t. TIGHT'EN, to make tight or tighter: to straiten.--v.i. to grow tight or tighter.--n. TIGHT'ENER, one who, or that which, tightens: (anat.) a tensor: (slang) a heavy meal.--adv. TIGHT'LY.--ns. TIGHT'NESS; TIGHT'ROPE, a tightly-stretched rope on which rope-dancers perform.--n.pl. TIGHTS, a garment often of silk, closely fitting the body, or at least the legs, worn by acrobats, dancers, &c. [Scand., Ice. þéitr; cf. Dan. tæt, Dut. digt, Ger. dicht.]

TIGHT, t[=i]t (Spens.), pa.t. and pa.p. of tie.

TIKE, t[=i]k, n. (Shak.) a dog, a cur, a boor: an uncouth fellow: a Yorkshireman. [Ice. tík, a bitch.]

TILBURY, til'ber-i, n. a kind of gig for two. [Said to be so named from its first maker.]

TILDE, til'd[=e], n. the diacritical sign over n in Spanish--thus ñ. [Sp.,--L. titulus, a title.]

TILE, t[=i]l, n. a piece of baked clay used for covering roofs, floors, &c.: a tube or pipe of baked clay used in drains: (slang) a tall cylindrical silk hat.--v.t. to cover with tiles: to drain by means of tiles: to secure against the intrusion of unauthorised persons by placing a person at the door of a lodge or close meeting.--ns. T[=I]'LER, one who makes or who lays tiles: the keeper of the door in a Freemasons' lodge--also TY'LER; TILE'-RED, a brownish-red, the colour of baked tiles; T[=I]'LERY, a place where tiles are made; TILE'-STONE, a tile: (pl., geol.) the uppermost group of the Silurian period, consisting of a reddish, thin-bedded, slightly micaceous sandstone; T[=I]'LING, a roof of tiles: tiles in general.--DUTCH TILES, enamelled earthenware tiles, usually blue, with scriptural subjects, for chimney pieces, &c. [A.S. tigele--L. tegula--teg[)e]re, to cover.]

TILIACEÆ, til-i-[=a]'se-[=e], n.pl. a natural order of exogenous trees and shrubs, mostly native to the tropics--the linden family. [L. tilia, a lime-tree.]

TILKA, til'ka, n. the caste-mark on the forehead of Hindus. [Sans.]

TILL, til, n. a money-box or drawer in a desk, counter, or trunk. [M. E. tillen, to draw out--A.S. tyllan, in for-tyllan, to draw aside.]

TILL, til, prep. to the time of.--adv. to the time when: to the degree that. [Old Northumbrian til--Scand., Ice. til.]

TILL, til, v.t. to cultivate.--adj. TILL'ABLE, arable.--ns. TILL'AGE, act or practice of tilling: husbandry: a place tilled; TILL'ER; TILL'ING. [A.S. tilian, to till--til, good, a limit; Ger. zielen, to arrange.]

TILL, til, n. the usual name in Scotland for Boulder-clay, a widely-distributed stony clay, usually tough and hard, unquestionably the result of glaciation, probably being merely the bottom-moraine or ground-moraine of extinct glaciers.

TILLANDSIA, ti-land'zi-a, n. a genus of mainly epiphytic plants of the pine-apple family (Bromeliaceæ). [From the Swedish botanist, Tillands.]

TILLER, til'[.e]r, n. the handle or lever for turning a rudder.--ns. TILL'ER-CHAIN, -ROPE, the chain or rope uniting the fore-end of the tiller with the steering-wheel. [M. E. tillen, to draw out--A.S. tyllan. Cf. Till (1).]

TILLY-VALLY, til'i-val'i, n. (Shak.) an expression of contempt at what has been said.--Also TILL'IE-VALL'IE.

TILT, tilt, n. the canvas covering of a cart or wagon: an awning in a boat.--v.t. to cover with an awning. [A.S. teld--teldan, to cover; cog. with Ger. zelt.]

TILT, tilt, v.i. to ride against another and thrust with a lance: to thrust or fight with a lance or rapier: to fall into a sloping posture, to heel over.--v.t. to point or thrust with, as a lance: to slant: to raise one end of: to forge with a tilt-hammer.--n. a thrust: in the Middle Ages, an exercise in which combatants rode against each other with lances: inclination forward, dip, slant.--ns. TILT'ER; TILT'-HAMM'ER, a heavy hammer used in ironworks, which is tilted or lifted by means of projections on the axis of a wheel; TILT'ING; TILT'-YARD, a place for tilting. [A.S. tealt, tottering; Ice. tölta, to trot; Ger. zelter.]

TILTH, tilth, n. cultivation: cultivated land: the depth of soil turned up in cultivation. [From till (3).]

TIMARIOT, ti-mä'ri-ot, n. a soldier of the Turkish feudal militia. [Turk. t[=i]m[=a]r.]

TIMBAL, tim'bal, n. a kettledrum. [Fr.,--It. timballo.]

TIMBALE, tang-bal', n. a dish of fowl or fish pounded and mixed with white of egg, sweet cream, &c., poured into a mould. [Fr.]

TIMBER, tim'b[.e]r, n. wood for building purposes: the trunk of a tree: material for any structure: one of the larger pieces of the framework of a house, ship, &c.: one of the planks forming the sides and roof of a gallery in a mine.--v.t. to furnish with timber or beams.--p.adj. TIM'BERED, furnished with timber: (Shak.) built, formed, contrived: (Spens.) made like timber, massive.--ns. TIM'BERING, timber materials; TIM'BER-MAN, one responsible for the timbers in a mine; TIM'BER-TOES, a person with a wooden leg; TIM'BER-TREE, a tree suitable for timber; TIM'BER-YARD, a yard or place where timber is stored. [A.S. timber, building, wood; Ger. zimmer, an apartment.]

TIMBRE, tim'b[.e]r, n. tone, character, or quality of a musical sound. [O. Fr.,--L. tympanum, a drum.]

TIMBREL, tim'brel, n. an ancient musical instrument, carried in the hand, apparently like a tambourine.--adj. TIM'BRELLED (Milt.), sung to the sound of the timbrel. [O. Fr. timbre--L. tympanum, a drum.]

TIMBROLOGY, tim-brol'[=o]-ji, n. the study of postage-stamps.--n. TIMBROPH'ILY, love for this harmless pursuit. [Fr. timbre, postage-stamp, -ology.]

TIME, t[=i]m, n. a point at which, or period during which, things happen: a season or proper time: an opportunity: absolute duration: an interval: past time: the duration of one's life: allotted period: repetition of anything or mention with reference to repetition: musical measure, or rate of movement: a measured interval in verse: (gram.) the relation of a verb with regard to tense: the umpire's call in prize-fights, &c.: hour of travail: the state of things at any period, usually in pl.: the history of the world, as opposed to eternity: addition of a thing to itself.--v.t. to do at the proper season: to regulate as to time: (mus.) to measure.--v.i. to keep or beat time.--ns. TIME'-BALL, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole at a particular time; TIME'-BARGAIN, a contract to buy or sell merchandise or stock at a certain time in the future.--adjs. TIME'-BEGUIL'ING, making the time pass quickly; TIME'-BETT'ERING, improving the state of things as time goes on; TIME'-BEWAST'ED (Shak.), wasted or worn by time.--ns. TIME'-BILL, a time-table; TIME'-BOOK, a book for keeping an account of the time men have worked; TIME'-CARD, a card bearing a time-table: a card with blank spaces for workmen's hours, &c., being filled in; TIME'-FUSE, a fuse calculated to burn a definite length of time; TIME'-GUN, a gun which is fired by means of a mechanical contrivance and a current of electricity at a particular time.--adj. TIME'-HON'OURED, honoured for a long time: venerable on account of antiquity.--ns. TIME'IST, TIM'IST, a musical performer in relation to his sense for time; TIME'-KEEP'ER, a clock, watch, or other instrument for keeping or marking time: one who keeps the time of workmen.--adj. TIME'LESS, done at an improper time, unseasonable: (Shak.) done before the proper time.--adv. TIME'LESSLY, before the proper time: unseasonably.--n. TIME'LINESS.--adj. TIME'LY, in good time: sufficiently early: (obs.) keeping time.--adv. early, soon.--adjs. TIME'LY-PART'ED (Shak.), having died in time--i.e. at a natural time; TIME'OUS, in Scot. legal phraseology, in good time: seasonable.--adv. TIME'OUSLY, in good time.--ns. TIME'PIECE, a piece of machinery for keeping time, esp. a clock for a mantel-piece; TIME'-PLEAS'ER (Shak.), one who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they be; TIME'-SERV'ER, one who serves or meanly suits his opinions to the times.--adj. TIME'-SERVING, complying with the spirit of the times or with present power.--n. mean compliance with the spirit of the times or with present power.--ns. TIME'-T[=A]'BLE, a table or list showing the times of certain things, as trains, steamers, &c.; TIME'-THRUST, a thrust made in fencing at the moment the opponent draws breath for his thrust; TIME'-WORK, labour paid for by the hour or the day--opp. to Piece-work.--adjs. TIME'-WORN, worn or decayed by time; TIM'OUS (Bacon), timely.--TIME OUT OF MIND, from time immemorial.--APPARENT TIME, true solar time as shown by a carefully adjusted sun-dial; ASTRONOMICAL TIME, the time past mean noon of that day, and reckoned on to twenty-four hours in mean time; AT TIMES, at distinct intervals: occasionally; BE MASTER OF ONE'S TIME, to be free to do what one likes; CIVIL TIME, common time, or mean time, in which the day begins at midnight, and is divided into equal portions of twelve hours each; FILL TIME, to book vacant dates; IN TIME, TIME ENOUGH, in good season, sufficiently early; KEEP TIME, to indicate the time correctly: to make any regular rhythmical movements at the same time with others; LOSE TIME, to let time pass without making use of it: to run slow--of a watch, &c.; MAKE TIME, to recover lost time: to perform in a certain time; MEAN TIME, the mean or average of apparent time, as shown by a good clock; SIDEREAL TIME, the portion of a sidereal day which has elapsed since the transit of the first point of Aries; SOLAR TIME, time as shown by the sun or sun-dial; THE TIME BEING, the present time. [A.S. tíma; cf. Ice. tími; and Tide.]

TIMENOGUY, t[=i]-men'[=o]-g[=i], n. (naut.) a rope stretched so as to prevent gear from getting fouled.

TIMID, tim'id, adj. fearful: wanting courage: faint-hearted.--n. TIMID'ITY, quality or state of being timid: want of courage.--adv. TIM'IDLY.--n. TIM'IDNESS.--adv. TIMOR[=O]'SO (mus.), timid, hesitating, to be so rendered.--adj. TIM'OROUS, timid: indicating fear.--adv. TIM'OROUSLY.--n. TIM'OROUSNESS.--adj. TIM'ORSOME (Scot.), easily frightened. [Fr.,--L. timidus--tim[=e]re, to fear.]

TIMOCRACY, t[=i]-mok'r[=a]-si, n. a form of government in which a certain amount of property is a necessary qualification for office.--adj. TIMOCRAT'IC. [Gr. timokratia--tim[=e], honour, kratein, to rule.]

TIMON, t[=i]'mon, n. (obs.) a helm.--n. TIMONEER', a helmsman. [L. temo, a beam.]

TIMONIST, t[=i]'mon-ist, n. a misanthrope--from Timon of Athens, the hero of Shakespeare's play so named which was based upon the story in Plutarch's Life of Alcibiades, as in North's translation.--v.i. T[=I]'MONISE, to play the misanthrope.

TIMOTHY, tim'[=o]-thi, n. timothy-grass, the name commonly given to Phleum pratense, a grass much valued for feeding cattle--called also Cat's-tail grass or Meadow cat's-tail. [So named from Timothy Hanson, who introduced it to America about 1720.]

TIMPANO, tim'pa-n[=o], n. an orchestral kettledrum:--pl. TIM'PANI.--Also TYM'PANO. [It.]

TIM-WHISKY, tim'-hwis'ki, n. a kind of light one-horse chaise.

TIN, tin, n. a silvery-white, non-elastic, easily fusible, and malleable metal: (slang) money: a vessel of tin, a can, &c.--adj. made of tin.--v.t. to cover or overlay with tin or tinfoil: to pack in tins:--pr.p. tin'ning; pa.t. and pa.p. tinned.--ns. TIN'MAN, TIN'NER, a tinsmith; TIN'NING, the art of coating with tin, or of repairing tin-ware: the act of packing in tin cans for preservation.--adj. TIN'NY, like tin.--n. a small vessel of tin.--ns. TIN'-PLATE, thin sheet-iron coated with tin; TIN'-SMITH, a manufacturer of tin vessels: a worker in tin: a dealer in tin-ware; TIN'-TYPE, a ferrotype; TIN'-WARE, articles made of tin.--ns.pl. TIN'WITTS, dressed tin ore containing pyrites, &c.; TIN'-WORKS, works for working tin. [A.S. tin; Ice. tin, Ger. zinn.]

TINAMOU, tin'a-m[=oo], n. a South American genus of birds sometimes called partridges, but really more akin to bustards, and having affinities with the rhea and emu. [Fr.,--native name.]

TINCAL, TINKAL, ting'kal, n. crude borax. [Malay.]

TINCHEL, tin'chel, n. a circle of men who close in round a herd of deer.--Also TIN'CHIL. [Gael. timchioll, a circuit.]

TINCTURE, tingk't[=u]r, n. a tinge or shade of colour: a slight taste added to anything: (med.) a solution of any substance in or by means of spirit of wine: (her.) one of the metals, colours, or furs in achievements.--v.t. to tinge: to imbue: to mix with anything foreign.--adj. TINCT (Spens.), tinged, coloured.--n. (Tenn.) colour, stain, spot.--adj. TINCT[=O]'RIAL, giving a tinge: colouring. [L. tinctura.]

TIND, tind, v.t. (Spens.) to kindle. [A.S. tendan.]

TINDAL, tin'dal, n. a native petty-officer of lascars.

TINDER, tin'd[.e]r, n. anything used for kindling fire from a spark.--n. TIN'DER-BOX, a box in which tinder is kept.--adjs. TIN'DER-LIKE (Shak.), inflammable as tinder; TIN'DERY, irascible. [A.S. tynder; Ice. tundr, Ger. zunder. The root is found in A.S. tendan, Ger. zünden, to kindle.]

TINE, t[=i]n, n. the spike of a fork or harrow, or of a deer's antler.--adj. T[=I]NED, furnished with spikes. [A.S. tind, a point; cog. with Ice. tind-r, a tooth, a prickle; and prob. conn. with tooth.]

TINE, t[=i]n, v.t. (Spens.) same as TIND.--v.i. (Spens.) to rage, to smart.

TINE, t[=i]n, n. (Spens.). Same as TEEN.

TINE, t[=i]n, v.t. (Scot.) to lose.--v.i. to be lost, to perish. [M. E. tinen, tynen--Scand., Ice. týna, to lose.]

TINE, t[=i]n, v.t. and v.i. (prov.) to enclose. [A.S. týnan, to surround.]

TINE, t[=i]n, n. (prov.) a wild vetch or tare.

TINEA, tin'[=e]-ä, n. the generic name of certain diseases of the skin caused by the growth of microscopic fungi: a genus of small moths of the family Tineidæ and superfamily Tineina.--adj. TIN'[=E]ID, relating to these moths. [L., a worm.]

TINEWALD=Tynewald (q.v.).

TINFOIL, tin'foil, n. tin in thin leaves for wrapping articles.--v.t. to cover with such.

TING, ting, v.t. and v.i. to tinkle like a bell.--n. a sharp sound, a tinkling.--n. TING'-A-LING, the sound of a bell tinkling--used adverbially.

TINGE, tinj, v.t. to tint or colour: to mix with something: to give in some degree the qualities of a substance.--n. a small amount of colour or taste infused into another substance. [L. ting[)e]re, tinctum; conn. with Gr. tenggein, to wet, to stain.]

TINGI, ting'gi, n. a Brazilian tree whose seeds yield soap.--Also TIN'GUY.

TINGIS, tin'jis, n. a genus of heteropterous insects.

TINGLE, ting'gl, v.i. to feel a thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound: to feel a sharp, thrilling pain: to tinkle.--v.t. to cause to tingle, to ring.--n. a tingling sensation.--adj. TING'LISH, capable of tingling or thrilling. [M. E. tinglen, a variant of tinklen, itself a freq. of tinken, to tink.]

TINKER, tingk'[.e]r, n. a mender of brazen or tin kettles, pans, &c.--(Scot.) TINK'LER: the act of doing tinker's work: a botcher or bungler: a botch or bungle: a young mackerel.--v.t. to repair, esp. unskilfully.--v.i. to do tinker's work: to make a botch or mess of anything. [M. E. tinkere--tinken, to tink, to make a sharp, shrill sound; cf. Scot. tinkler, a worker in tin.]

TINKLE, tingk'l, v.i. to make small, sharp sounds: to clink: to jingle: to clink repeatedly or continuously.--v.t. to cause to make quick, sharp sounds.--n. a sharp, clinking sound.--ns. TINK'LER, a small bell; TINK'LING, a tinkling noise. [A freq. of M. E. tinken.]

TINNITUS, ti-n[=i]'tus, n. a ringing in the ears. [L. 'a ringing'--tinn[=i]re, to ring.]

TINSEL, tin'sel, n. something sparkling or shining: glittering metallic sheets, as of burnished brass, copper, or tin, almost as thin as foil, and used in discs, patches, strips, or threads, for giving clothing, &c., a striking appearance: anything showy, but of little value: anything having a false lustre.--adj. like tinsel: gaudy: superficial.--v.t. to adorn with, or as with, tinsel: to make glittering or gaudy:--pr.p. tin'selling: pa.t. and pa.p. tin'selled.--adj. TIN'SELLY, like tinsel, gaudy, showy.--n. TIN'SELRY, glittering and tawdry material. [O. Fr. estincelle--L. scintilla, a spark.]

TINT, tint, n. a slight tinge distinct from the principal colour: a series of parallel lines in engraving, producing a uniform shading.--v.t. to give a slight colouring to.--ns. TIN'TAGE, the colouring or shading of anything; TINT'-BLOCK, a surface prepared for printing a background; TINT'-DRAW'ING, drawing in a wash of uniform tint; TIN'TER, one who, or that which, tints: a special kind of slide used with the magic-lantern to give moonlight effects, &c.; TIN'TINESS, state of being tinty; TIN'TING, the method of producing a uniform shading.--adj. TINT'LESS, having no tint or colour.--ns. TINTOM'ETER, an appliance for determining tints; TINT'-TOOL, an implement for producing a tint by parallel lines.--adj. TIN'TY, inharmoniously tinted. [L. tinctus.]

TINTINNABULATION, tin-tin-ab-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, n. the tinkling sound of bells.--adjs. TINTINNAB'ULANT, TINTINNAB'ULAR, TINTINNAB'ULARY, TINTINNAB'ULOUS.--n. TINTINNAB'ULUM, a bell:--pl. TINTINNAB'ULA. [L. tintinnabulum, a bell:--tintinn[=a]re, to jingle, reduplicated from tinn[=i]re, to jingle.]

TINY, t[=i]'ni, adj. (comp. T[=I]'NIER, superl. T[=I]'NIEST) thin: very small. [Prob. teen, and therefore 'fretful,' 'peevish.']

TIP, tip, n. the top or point of anything small: the end, as of a billiard-cue, &c.--v.t. to form a point to: to cover the tip or end of:--pr.p. tip'ping; pa.t. and pa.p. tipped.--ON THE TIP OF THE TONGUE, on the very point of being spoken. [A variant of top; cf. Dut. tip; Ger. zipf-el, point.]

TIP, tip, v.t. to strike lightly: to cause to slant: (slang) to communicate, give: (slang) to give private information to, about betting, &c.: (coll.) to give a small gift of money to, as a gratuity.--v.i. to slant: to give tips.--n. a tap or light stroke: a place for tipping any refuse into, a dump: a tram for expeditiously transferring coal: private information about horse-racing, stock speculations, &c.: a gratuity.--ns. TIP'-CART, a cart emptied by being canted up; TIP'-CAT, a game in which a pointed piece of wood called a cat is made to rebound from the ground by being struck on the tip with a stick; TIP'-CHEESE, a boys' game in which a small stick is struck forward; TIP'PER, a means of tipping, esp. an arrangement for dumping coal: one who tips: one who gives gratuities: one who gives private hints about speculation, racing, &c.; TIP'PING, act of tilting: the habit of giving gratuities to servants; TIP'STER, one whose business is to give private hints about racing, the rise and fall of stocks, &c.--adj. TIP'-TILT'ED, having the tip tilted up.--TIP OFF LIQUOR, to turn up the vessel till quite empty; TIP ONE THE WINK, to wink as a caution, or in mutual understanding; TIP OVER, to overturn by tipping; TIP THE SCALE, to depress one end of the scales.--FOUL TIP, a foul hit in baseball; STRAIGHT TIP, a reliable hint about betting, &c. [Scand., Sw. tippa, to tap; Ger. tupfen.]

TIPPER, tip'[.e]r, n. a kind of ale--from Thomas Tipper, who brewed it in Sussex.

TIPPET, tip'et, n. the cape of a coat: a cape of fur, &c.: the stuff cape worn in the English Church by a literate or non-graduate: a bird's ruffle: one of the patagia, or pieces at the side of the pronotum of a moth.--ns. TIPP'ET-GREBE, -GROUSE, a ruffed grebe or grouse. [A.S. tæppet--L. tapete, cloth.]

TIPPLE, tip'l, v.i. to drink in small quantities: to drink strong liquors often or habitually.--v.t. to drink, as strong liquors, to excess.--n. liquor tippled.--ns. TIPP'LER, a constant toper; TIPP'LING-HOUSE.--adj. TIPP'Y, unsteady: smart, fine. [A freq. of tip, to tilt up a vessel in drinking; Norw. tipla; Ger. zipfeln.]

TIPSTAFF, tip'staf, n. a staff tipped with metal, or an officer who carries it: a constable.

TIPSY, tip'si, adj. partially intoxicated.--v.t. TIP'SIFY, to fuddle.--adv. TIP'SILY.--ns. TIP'SINESS; TIP'SY-CAKE, a cake made of pastry and almonds, with wine, served with custard-sauce; TIP'SY-KEY, a watch-key in which the head is released if an attempt is made to turn it backward. [Tipple.]

TIPTOE, tip't[=o], n. the end of the toe.--adv. on tiptoe, literally or figuratively, through excitement, expectation, &c.--v.i. to walk on tiptoe, to go lightly and slyly.

TIPTOP, tip'top, n. the extreme top: the height of excellence.--adj. first-rate.--adv. in a first-rate manner.

TIPULA, tip'[=u]-la, n. a genus of crane-flies.--n. TIPUL[=A]'RIA, a genus of fossil crane-flies: a genus of terrestrial orchids, including the American crane-fly orchis.--adj. TIPUL[=A]'RIAN. [L., a water-spider.]

TIRADE, ti-r[=a]d', n. a strain of censure or reproof; a long vehement reproof. [Fr.,--It. tirata--tirare, to pull.]

TIRAILLEUR, ti-ra-ly[.e]r', n. a skirmisher, sharpshooter.

TIRASSE, ti-ras', n. a pedal-coupler in organ-building.

TIRAZ, t[=e]'raz, n. an ancient Moorish silk fabric.

TIRE, t[=i]r, n. attire, apparel: furniture: a head-dress.--v.t. to dress, as the head.--ns. TIRE'-VAL'IANT (Shak.), a kind of fanciful head-dress; TIRE'-WOM'AN, a lady's-maid; TIR'ING-HOUSE, -ROOM, the place where actors dress. [Short for attire.]

TIRE, t[=i]r, n. the hoop of iron that ties or binds the fellies of wheels.--ns. TIRE'-MEAS'URER, -PRESS, -ROLL'ER, -SET'TER, -SHRINK'ER, -SMITH. [From tie.]

TIRE, t[=i]r, n. (Spens., Milt.) rank or row, esp. of guns, train. [Same as tier.]

TIRE, t[=i]r, v.i. (Shak.) to rend as a bird of prey: to feed: to dwell upon, gloat over:--pr.p. t[=i]r'ing; pa.p. t[=i]red. [O. Fr. tirer, to draw--Low L. tir[=a]re, to draw; prob. Teut., Goth. tairan, to tear.]

TIRE, t[=i]r, v.t. to harass, to vex: to exhaust the strength of: to weary.--v.i. to become weary: to be fatigued: to have the patience exhausted.--adj. TIRED, wearied: fatigued.--n. TIRED'NESS.--adj. TIRE'LESS, untiring.--adv. TIRE'LESSLY.--n. TIRE'LESSNESS.--adj. TIRE'SOME, that tires: fatiguing: tedious.--adv. TIRE'SOMELY.--n. TIRE'SOMENESS. [A.S. teorian, to be tired--teran, to tear.]

TIRL, tirl, v.i. (Scot.) to quiver, vibrate: to make a twirling noise.--v.t. to twist: to strip, unroof.--n. a twirl, vibration: a substitute for a trundle or lantern wheel in a mill.--n. TIR'LIE-WHIR'LIE, a whirligig: an ornamental combination of irregular lines.--adj. irregular, twisting. [A variant of twirl.]

TIRO. See TYRO.

TIROCINIUM, t[=i]-r[=o]-sin'i-um, n. the first service of a soldier, any novitiate. [L.,--tiro, a raw soldier.]

TIRONIAN, t[=i]-r[=o]'ni-an, adj. pertaining to Tiro, Cicero's amanuensis.--TIRONIAN NOTES, the shorthand signs of the ancient Romans.

TIRR, tir, v.t. (Scot.) to tear or strip off.

TIRRA-LIRRA, tir'ra-lir'ra, n. (Shak., Tenn.) an imitation of a musical sound.

TIRRET, tir'et, n. (her.) a manacle.

TIRRIT, tir'it, n. (Shak.) Mrs Quickly's word for terror.

TIRRIVEE, tir'i-v[=e], n. (Scot.) a tantrum or fit of passion.--Also TIRR'IVIE.

'TIS, tiz, a contraction of it is.

TISANE, t[=e]-zan', n. a medicinal decoction. See PTISAN.

TISIC, tiz'ik, n. (Shak.) an obsolete spelling of phthisic.

TISIPHONE, ti-sif'[=o]-n[=e], n. one of the Furies. [Gr. tinein, to avenge, phonos, murder.]

TISRI, tiz'ri, n. the first month of the Jewish civil year, and the seventh of the ecclesiastical year, corresponding to part of September and October.

TISSUE, tish'[=u], n. cloth interwoven with gold or silver, or with figured colours: (anat.) the substance of which organs are composed: a connected series.--v.t. to form, as tissue: to interweave: to variegate.--n. TIS'SUE-P[=A]'PER, a thin, soft, semi-transparent kind of paper. [Fr. tissu, woven, pa.p. of tistre--L. tex[)e]re, to weave.]

TIT, tit, n. a teat.

TIT, tit, n. one of various small birds, a pipit, tomtit, or titmouse. [Ice. tittr, a little bird, Norw. tita.]

TIT, tit, n. in phrase TIT FOR TAT, properly tip for tap, blow for blow.

TITAN, t[=i]'tan, TITANIC, t[=i]-tan'ik, adj. relating to the Titans, giants of mythology, sons and daughters of Uranus (heaven) and Gæa (earth), enormous in size and strength: gigantic, huge generally.--n. T[=I]'TAN, any of the descendants of the Titans, as Prometheus: the sun personified: any one of commanding forces or ability:--fem. T[=I]'TANESS.--adj. TITANESQUE', like the Titans, Titanic in character.--n. TITANOM'ACHY, the battle of the Titans with the gods.

TITANIA, t[=i]-t[=a]'ni-a, n. the queen of Fairyland, wife of Oberon. [L., applied to Diana.]

TITANIUM, t[=i]-t[=a]'ni-um, n. a comparatively rare metal, occurring as a gray heavy iron-like powder, burning with brilliant scintillations in the air, forming titanium dioxide and nitride.--adjs. TIT[=A]'NIAN, TITAN'IC, TITANIT'IC; TITANIF'EROUS, containing titanium.--n. T[=I]'TANITE, or Sphene, a soft greenish mineral often present in syenite.

TITBIT, tit'bit, n. a choice little bit.

TITELY, t[=i]t'li, adv. (Shak.) quickly--sometimes TITHE'LY, and erroneously Tightly. [M. E. tytly--Scand., Ice. tídhr, frequent.]

TITHE, t[=i]th, n. a tenth part, hence any indefinitely small part: the tenth of the produce of land and stock allotted for the maintenance of the clergy and other church purposes: any rateable tax payable in kind or by commutation of its value in money.--v.t. to tax to a tenth.--adjs. T[=I]'THABLE, subject to the payment of tithes; TITHE'-FREE, exempt from paying tithes.--n. TITHE'-GATH'ERER, one who collects tithes.--adj. TITHE'-PAY'ING, subjected to pay tithes.--ns. TITHE'-PIG, one pig out of ten paid as a tithe; TITHE'-PROC'TOR, a levier or collector of tithes; T[=I]'THER, one who collects tithes; T[=I]'THING, an old Saxon district containing ten householders, each responsible for the behaviour of the rest; T[=I]'THING-MAN, the chief man of a tithing. [A.S. teóða, tenth--teón, or týn, ten; cog. with Ger. zehnte--zehn.]

TITHONIC, ti-thon'ik, adj. denoting such rays of light as produce chemical effects.--n. TITHONIC'ITY, actinism.--adj. TITHONOGRAPH'IC, fixed by the tithonic rays of light.--n. TITHONOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the tithonicity of light-rays.

TITIANESQUE, tish-an-esk', adj. in the manner of the Venetian painter Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), 1477-1576, a combination of the richest surface with the most magnificent colour.

TITILLATE, tit'il-l[=a]t, v.t. to tickle.--n. TITILL[=A]'TION, act of titillating: state of being titillated: a pleasant feeling.--adj. TIT'ILLATIVE. [L. titill[=a]re, -[=a]tum.]

TITIVATE, TITTIVATE, tit'i-v[=a]t, v.i. and v.t. (slang) to smarten up, by dress or otherwise. [Most prob. a factitious word, perh. based on tidy.]

TITLARK, tit'lärk, n. a titling, a pipit. [Tit and lark.]

TITLE, t[=i]'tl, n. an inscription set over or at the beginning of a thing by which it is known, a title-page: a name of distinction: that which gives a just right to possession: ownership: the writing that proves a right: (B.) a sign: a fixed sphere of work required as a condition for ordination, a parish in Rome--of these fifty give titles to cardinal-priests: in bookbinding, the panel on the back on which the name of the book is printed.--adj. T[=I]'TLED, having a title.--ns. T[=I]'TLE-DEED, a deed or document that proves a title or just right to exclusive possession; T[=I]'TLE-LEAF, the leaf on which is the title of a book.--adj. T[=I]'TLELESS (Shak.), wanting a title or name.--ns. T[=I]'TLE-PAGE, the page of a book containing its title and usually the author's name; T[=I]'TLE-RÔLE, the part in a play which gives its name to it, as 'Macbeth;' T[=I]'TLE-SHEET, the first sheet of a book as printed, containing title, bastard-title, &c.; T[=I]'TLING, the act of impressing the title on the back of a book; T[=I]'TLONYM, a title taken as a pseudonym; BAS'TARD-T[=I]'TLE (see BASTARD). [O. Fr. title (Fr. titre)--L. titulus.]

TITLING, tit'ling, n. the hedge-sparrow.--ns. TIT'MAN, a puny man; TIT'MOUSE, a genus of little birds, which feed on insects, &c.:--pl. TITMICE (tit'm[=i]s). [Obs. Eng. tit, anything small; A.S. máse; Ger. meise, a small bird.]

TITRATE, tit'r[=a]t, v.t. to subject to titration.--n. TITR[=A]'TION, volumetric analysis, the process of ascertaining the quantity of any given constituent present in a compound by observing it under the application of standard solutions.

TI-TREE, t[=e]'-tr[=e], n. a palm-lily, a tea-tree or manuka.

TIT-TAT-TO, tit'-tat-t[=oo] (or -t[=o]), n. a child's game, same as Criss-cross (q.v.).

TITTER, tit'[.e]r, v.i. to giggle, snicker, or laugh with the tongue striking the teeth: to laugh restrainedly.--n. a restrained laugh.--ns. TITTER[=A]'TION, a fit of giggling; TITT'ERER, one who titters. [M. E. titeren, to tattle. Prob. imit.]

TITTLE, tit'l, n. a small particle: an iota.--n. TITT'LEBAT, the stickleback. [O. Fr. title--titulus, a title.]

TITTLE, tit'l, v.t. (Scot.) to chatter.--n. TITT'LE-TATT'LE, idle, empty talk.--v.i. to prate idly.--ns. TITT'LE-TATT'LER, a trifling tattler; TITT'LE-TATT'LING, the act of talking idly.

TITTUP, TITUP, tit'up, v.i. to skip about gaily.--n. a light springy step, a canter.--adjs. TITT'UPPY, TIT'UPPY, gay, lively: unsteady.

TITTY, tit'i, n. a teat, the breast.

TITTY, tit'i, n. (Scot.) sister.

TITUBANT, tit'[=u]-bant, adj. staggering, stumbling.--v.i. TIT'[=U]BATE, to stagger, stumble.--n. TITUB[=A]'TION, reeling, stumbling; restlessness. [L. titub[=a]re, -[=a]tum, to stagger.]

TITULAR, tit'[=u]-lar, adj. existing in name or title only: nominal: having the title without the duties of an office.--n. one who enjoys the bare title of an office, without the actual possession of that office: a person invested with a title in virtue of which he holds a benefice, whether he performs its duties or not.--n. TITULAR'ITY.--adv. TIT'ULARLY.--adj. TIT'ULARY, consisting in, or pertaining to, a title.--n. one having the title of an office whether he performs its duties or not.--TITULAR BISHOP, in R.C. usage, a bishop without a diocese, taking his title from a place where there is no longer a bishop's see, as in the countries once conquered by Crusaders in the East--before 1882 called 'bishop in partibus infidelium;' TITULAR CHURCH, one of the parish churches of Rome supplying a title to cardinal-priests; TITULAR OF A CHURCH, that from which a church takes its special name--distinguished from a patron, who must be a canonised person or an angel; TITULARS OF THE TITHES, laymen invested with church lands after the Reformation in Scotland.

TIVER, tiv'[.e]r, n. a kind of ochre for marking sheep.--v.t. to mark with such.

TIVY, tiv'i, adv. with speed.

TIZZY, tiz'i, n. (slang) a sixpence.

TMESIS, tm[=e]'sis, n. (gram.) the separation of the parts of a compound word by one or more words inserted between them, as 'Saxo _cere-_comminuit-brum;' 'of whom be thou ware also' (2 Tim. iv. 15). [L.,--Gr. tm[=e]sis--temnein, to cut.]

TO, t[=oo], prep. in the direction of: in order to: as far as; in accordance with, in the character of: regarding, concerning, in connection with: expressing the end or purpose of an action, as in many uses of the gerundial infinitive, the sign of the infinitive mood: (B.) sometimes=for.--adv. to a place in view, forward: to its place, together.--TO AND FRO, backwards and forwards. [A.S. tó; Ger. zu, Goth. du.]

TOAD, t[=o]d, n. a genus of amphibians, typical of the family Bufonidæ, represented in Britain by two species--the Common Toad and the Natterjack.--ns. TOAD'-EAT'ER, a fawning sycophant--originally a mountebank's assistant, whose duty was to swallow, or pretend to swallow, any kind of garbage; TOAD'-EAT'ING, sycophancy.--adj. sycophantic.--ns. TOAD'-FISH, the sapo of the United States Atlantic coast; TOAD'-FLAX, a genus of herbaceous plants, closely allied to the Snapdragon; TOAD'-IN-A-HOLE, a piece of beef baked in batter; TOAD'-SPIT, cuckoo-spit.--adj. TOAD'-SPOT'TED, thickly stained or spotted like a toad.--ns. TOAD'-STONE, a soft and earthy variety of trap-rock of a brownish-gray colour, looking like an argillaceous deposit; TOAD'STOOL, a poisonous kind of mushroom; TOAD'Y, a mean hanger-on and flatterer.--v.t. to fawn as a sycophant:--pa.t. and pa.p. toad'ied.--adj. TOAD'YISH.--n. TOAD'YISM, the practice of a toady. [A.S. tádige, tádie, a toad.]

TOAST, t[=o]st, v.t. to dry and scorch at the fire: to name when a health is drunk: to drink to the health of.--v.i. to drink toasts.--n. bread toasted: a slice of such dipped in liquor: the person or thing named whose health is to be drunk.--ns. TOAST'ER, one who, or that which, toasts; TOAST'ING-FORK, -[=I]'RON, a long-handled fork for toasting bread: a sword; TOAST'-MAS'TER, the master and announcer of toasts at public dinners; TOAST'-RACK, a stand, with partitions for slices of toast, for setting on the table. [O. Fr. toster--L. tostus, roasted, pa.p. of torr[=e]re.]

TOBACCO, to-bak'[=o], n. a plant of genus Nicotiana, order Solanaceæ, esp. one of several species, the most generally cultivated being the stately Nicotiana Tabacum, a native of America--the dried leaves used for the sedative effects for smoking in pipes, &c., and also in the form of snuff.--ns. TOBACCAN[=A]'LIAN, a smoker; TOBACC'O-HEART, a functional disorder of the heart, due to excessive use of tobacco; TOBACC'ONIST, one who sells or manufactures tobacco; TOBACC'O-PIPE, a pipe used for smoking tobacco; TOBACC'O-POUCH, a small pouch for holding tobacco; TOBACC'O-STOP'PER, an instrument for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe. [Through Sp. tabaco, from the Haytian.]

TOBIT, t[=o]'bit, n. an apocryphal Old Testament book, containing the story of Tobit.

TOBOGGAN, t[=o]-bog'gan, n. a kind of sled turned up at the front, much used in Canada for sliding down snow-covered slopes.--v.i. to slide down over snow on such.--Earlier also TOBOG'GIN, TABOG'GAN, TARBOG'GIN.--ns. TOBOG'GANER; TOBOG'GANING; TOBOG'GANIST. [A native word.]

TO-BRAKE, t[=oo]-br[=a]k', v.t. (Judges ix. 53) broke in pieces. [A.S. tóbrecan--pfx. tó-, asunder, and brecan, to break.]

TOBY, t[=o]'bi, n. a beer-mug shaped like an old man with three-cornered hat.

TOCCATA, tok-kä'tä, n. (mus.) a work primarily intended to display the performer's touch.--ns. TOCCATEL'LA, TOCCATINA (-t[=e]'na), a short toccata. [It.,--toccare, to touch.]