An Universal Dictionary of the Marine Or, a Copious Explanation of the Technical Terms and Phrases Employed in the Construction, Equipment, Furniture, Machinery, Movements, and Military Operations of a Ship. Illustrated With Variety of Original Designs of Shipping, in Different Situations; Together With Separate Views of Their Masts, Sails, Yards, and Rigging. to Which Is Annexed, a Translation of the French Sea-terms and Phrases, Collected from the Works of Mess. Du Hamel, Aubin, Saverien, &c. (part 4 of 4)

An Universal Dictionary of the Marine Or, a Copious Explanation of the Technical Terms and Phrases Employed in the Construction, Equipment, Furniture, Machinery, Movements, and Military Operations of a Ship. Illustrated With Variety of Original Designs of Shipping, in Different Situations; Together With Separate Views of Their Masts, Sails, Yards, and Rigging. to Which Is Annexed, a Translation of the French Sea-terms and Phrases, Collected from the Works of Mess. Du Hamel, Aubin, Saverien, &c. (part 4 of 4)

COURBES de bittes, the knees of the cable-bits. See CONTRE-BITTES.

COURBES d’écubier, the cheeks of the head. See JOTTEREAUX.

COURBES d’équerre, or à fausse équerre, knees which are right-angular, and knees which are within, or without a square.

COURCIVE, or COURCITE, a half-deck, formed in a vessel which is not wholly decked.

COUREAU, a small yawl of the Garonne.

COURÉE, COUROI, or COURET, a composition, or stuff, used to pay a ship’s bottom at the time of docking or breaming.

COURIR, imports in general, to sail, to run at sea, to stand onward.

COURIR à l’autre bord, to stand upon the other tack.

COURIR au large, to stand off. See TIRER à la mer.

COURIR au plus près, to run close upon a wind.

COURIR en latitude, to run down latitude.

COURIR en longitude, to run down longitude.

COURIR la bouline, to run the gauntlope.

COURIR la mer, to infest or scour the sea; to cruise up and down therein.

COURIR le bon bord, to make a lucky cruise; a cant phrase peculiar to cruisers or pirates, and alluding to the capture or plunder of merchant-ships.

COURIR même bord, to stand upon the same tack as some other ship in sight.

COURIR nord, sud, &c. to stand to the northward, southward, &c.

COURIR sur la terre, to stand in shore, or on shore.

COURIR sur un vaisseau, to chase or pursue a ship.

COURIR sur son ancre, to run over, or foul of, the anchor.

COURIR terre à terre. See RANGER la côte.

COURIR une bordée, or bord sur bord. See LOUVIER.

COURONNEMENT, the after-part of a ship’s taffarel, which is usually ornamented with sculpture.

COURROI. See COURÉE.

COURS, or COURSE, a cruise at sea. Hence faire COURS, to go upon a cruise.

COURS du vaisseau, the course or run of a ship; also the wake, or track marked on the surface of the water behind her.

COURSIER, a bow-chase, or great brass cannon in the head of a row-galley.

COURSIER, or COURSIE, a fore-and-aft passage between the banks of a row-galley, where the comite, or boatswain walks, to see that the slaves manage their oars and row with application.

COURSSIERE, a spar-deck, or grating-deck, reaching from the quarter-deck to the fore-castle.

COURTAGE, a tax or duty levied on all merchandises which pass by sea from one port to another.

COURVETTE. See CORVETTE.

COUSSIN de beaupré, the pillow of the bowsprit.

COUSSIN de bittes, the fir lining or doubling of the bits. See CHEVET.

COUSSIN de canon, the bed of a cannon which supports the breech.

COUSSINS, the mats of the top-rims, used to prevent the top-sails from being fretted by striking the edges of the tops.

COUSSINS d’amures, the mats nailed by the chess-tree, to prevent the clue of the main-sail from being galled when the tack is aboard.

COUSTIERES, the shrouds of a galley, which are usually formed of runners and tackles. See COULADOUX.

COUT d’assurance. See PRIME assurance.

COUTELAS. See BONNETTES en étui.

COUTURE, a seam between the planks of the deck or side of a ship.

COUTURE de ceuille de voiles, the seam of a sail.

COUTURE ouverte, an open seam, or one from which the oakum has been expelled by the straining of the ship, &c.

COUVERTE, the deck of a ship, in the dialect of Provence.

COUVERTE de l’iscosele de proue, the fore castle, or fore-deck, of a galley, together with the space beneath it, where the cannon are planted.

COUVERTURES de fanaux, a sort of tubs to cover the top and poop-lanthorns, to preserve them when they are not in use.

CRAIE, a small Swedish ship, without top-masts or top-sails.

CRAMPE, a cramp-iron, or hook of a block.

CRAQUER, to crack or strain; expressed of a ship that labours greatly in a turbulent sea.

CRAVAN, a barnicle, or small shell-fish, of a disagreeable taste, which fastens to a ship’s bottom in a long voyage.

CREUX, the depth of the hold from the lower-deck beams to the floor.

CREUX d’une voile, the belly or cavity of a sail, which retains the wind.

CRIBLÉ, pierced with holes; expressed of a ship that has been much damaged by worms or cannon-shot.

Une voile CRIBLÉE, a sail much damaged by shot.

CRIQUE, a creek, or small natural harbour.

CROC, a boat-hook, or setting pole.

CROC de candelette, the cat-hook. See CAPON.

CROC de pompe, the pump hook.

CROCS de palans, the tackle-hooks.

CROCS de palans de canons, the hooks of the gun-tackles.

CROCS de palanquins, jigger-tackle-hooks.

CROCHETS d’armes, certain crutches, or hooks, to support the small-arms in the cabins of a ship of war.

CROCHETS de retraite, the eye-bolts, in the train of a gun-carriage, wherein are hooked the relieving-tackles.

CROISÉE de l’ancre, the cross of the anchor, or the part where the shank terminates at the arms.

CROISER, to cruise in any particular station.

CROISER à la lame. See DE BOUT à la lame.

CROISETTE, the pin or bolt used as a fid to any flag-staff.

CROISEUR, a cruiser, a vessel employed to guard a coast; also a pirate, or sea rover.

CROISEURS, or vaisseaux en croisiere, ships cruising in an appointed station or latitude.

CROISIERE, a rendezvous or latitude for cruisers.

CROITRE, to rise or flow; expressed of the tide.

CROIX sur les cables, a cross in the hawse.

CRONE, a wheel-crane, built on a wharf.

CROQUER, to hook or grapple any thing.

CROQUER le croc de palan, to hook the cat to the anchor.

CROUCHANTS, the crochets, or floor-timbers fore and aft in a boat.

CROULER. See ROULER.

CROULER un batiment, to shake a ship by jumping on her decks, in order to launch her from the stocks.

CROUPIARDER. See MOUILLER en croupiere.

CROUPIAT. See EMBOSSURE.

CROUPIERE, or CROUPIAS, a stern-fast, a stern-cable or hawser.

CUEILLE, one of the cloths of a sail.

CUEILLETTE, a measure or weight of any merchandise, which is equal to a quintal, or 100 ℔.

CUILLER à brai, a pitch-ladle, to pay the seams of a deck.

CUILLER à canon, or CHARGEOIR, a gunner’s ladle.

CUILLER, de pompe, a pump-borer.

CUIRS verds, raw hides, used to cover the tops, lace on the yards, serve the cables, &c.

CUISINE, the galley or cook-room of a ship.

CUL de lampe, an ornament of sculpture resembling the bottom of a lamp, and placed in several parts of the stern or galleries, to terminate the carved-work.

CUL de pot, de porc, or de port, a double or single wall-knot, wrought on the end of a tack, stopper, or other rope.

CUL de sac, a name given by the inhabitants of America to a harbour formed by nature without the assistance of art.

CUL de vaisseau. See ARRIERE.

CULASSE, the breech of a cannon, also the stock of a musquet.

CULÉE, the shock which a ship feels when striking the ground, on a rock or sand-bank.

CULER, to go astern, to have stern-way.

CURATEUR de la marine, an officer who formerly assigned to the several TRIÉRARQUES the duties of their respective departments. See TRIÉRARQUE.

CURETTE, a pump-scraper, fastened to a staff, or pole, of ten or twelve feet long, to clean the inside of a pump.

CUSEFORNE, a small, long, and sharp rowing-boat of Japan, without decks, employed to fish whales.

D.

DAGUE de prevôt, the colt or cat used by the prevôt to punish criminals.

DAILLOTS, or ANDAILLOTS, the hanks or grommets of a stay.

DALE, the gutter or channel in which the train is laid in a fire-ship.

DALE de pompe, the pump-dale.

DALOTS, the scupper-holes of a ship. See GOUTTIERE.

DAME-JEANNE, a demijan, or large bottle, containing about four or five gallons, covered with basket-work, and much used in merchant-ships.

DAMELOPRE, a vessel navigated on the canals of Holland.

DAMOISELLES. See LISSES de porte-haubans.

DANGERS civils, the duty, fine, or exaction, formerly demanded by the lord of the manor from the merchant, or master, who suffered shipwreck on his coast. See BRIS.

DANGERS naturels, a general name for the dangers of a coast or bank, as rocks, or shelves of mud, sand, &c. which the officers of the adjacent ports are charged to distinguish by buoys or beacons.

DARD a feu, a fire-arrow, used to burn the sails of an enemy’s ship.

DARSE, or DARSINE. See BASSIN.

DÉBACLE, or DÉBACLAGE, the act of clearing or opening an harbour, by removing the lightened vessels to make room for such as are laden.

DÉBACLEUR, an officer whose duty it is to regulate the mooring of light and laden ships in a harbour, and to keep the passage, or fair-way, open and clear.

DÉBARCADOUR, a wharf, or storehouse, to receive goods discharged from a ship.

DÉBARDAGE, the act of unlading in general, but particularly fire-wood.

DÉBARDER, to unlade wood, &c. Whence

DÉBARDEUR, a lighter-man. See GABARIER and PORTE-FAIX.

DÉBARQUEMENT, a return of the artillery, stores, rigging, &c. of a ship of war into the dock-yard; also the discharging of the officers and crew.

DÉBARQUEMENT likewise implies disembarking, or landing and discharging the cargo of a merchant-ship.

DÉBARQUER, to unload or discharge a ship, to disembark, to return to the shore.

DÉBAUCHE, an irregular tide.

DÉBILLER, to take off or dismiss the horses that track vessels up and down a canal.

DÉBITTER le cable, to unbit the cable.

DE BORD à bord, upright on the water.

DÉBORDE, put off, sheer off! the order given by some officer of a ship, to a boat lying near her, to remove farther off.

DÉBORDER, to sheer off from some other ship, particularly an enemy who attempts to board: also to over-haul the tack and sheets, in order to haul a sail up in the brails.

DÉBOSSER le cable, to take the stoppers off from the cable.

DÉBOUCLÉ, a term opposed to BOUCLÉ, which see.

DÉBOUQUEMENT, the arrival into open sea, after having been amongst islands, or in narrow channels.

DE BOUT à la lame, head to the sea.

DE BOUT à terre, head to the shore, standing in shore. See DONNER de bout à terre.

DE BOUT au corps. See ABORDAGE.

DE BOUT au vent. See ALLER de bout au vent.

DÉBOUTONNER la bonnette. See DÉLACER.

DÉBRIS, the effects which remain in a shipwrecked vessel. By the ordonnances of the marine, all persons who shall have found, or drawn such effects from the bottom of the sea, are to place them in safety, and in twenty-four hours afterwards, at farthest, to make proclamation thereof, under pain of being punished as felons: and by the same ordonnance, it is permitted to the proprietors of the said effects to demand them in a year and a day after such publication, upon paying the salvage-money. It is to be wished that this laudable decree were established in England.

DÉCHARGE, the act of unlading or discharging a merchant-ship.

DÉCHARGE le petit hunier, fill the fore-top-sail!

DÉCHARGEMENT. See DÉCHARGE.

Se DÉCHARGER, to lose water; expressed of the ship’s pump.

DÉCHARGER les voiles, to fill the sails. See SERVIR.

DÉCHEOIR. See ABATTRE.

DÉCHET. See DÉRIVE.

DÉCHIRAGE, the act of breaking up an old ship, or of ripping off her planks.

DÉCHIRER, to rip up an old vessel.

DÉCHOUER, to get a ship afloat, or off from the ground, into deep water.

DÉCLINAISON, the variation of the compass, or of the magnetical needle.

DÉCLINAISON d’un astre, the declination of a fixed star, &c.

DÉCOLEMENT, the forming of a tenon on a piece of timber.

DÉCOMBRES, the chips and useless pieces of timber which are left on a shipwright’s wharf, after a vessel is built and launched.

DÉCOUDRE, to rip off planks from any part of a ship’s side, in order to examine her timbers, &c.

DÉCOUVERTE, a look-out at the mast-head.

DÉCOUVRIR les terres, to make, or discover, the land.

DEDANS, when expressed of the sails, imports furled or stowed: as,

Mettre les voiles DEDANS, to take in the sails.

DÉFEND, keep off, keep at a distance; the order given by the pilot, or officer of the watch, to the helmsman, to steer farther from some adjacent object, which may damage the ship.

DÉFENDRE la côte, to defend the sea-coast, and prevent an enemy from landing thereon.

DÉFENSES, the skeeds of a ship’s side; also booms to send off another ship which is near.

DÉFENSES de bouts de cable. See CORDES de défense.

DÉFENSES pour chaloupes, loose skeeds hung over a ship’s sides occasionally, to preserve the boats from being damaged when they are hoisted into, or out of, the ship.

DÉFERLER, to loose or heave out the sails. See DÉPLOYER.

DÉFIE du vent, you are all in the wind, keep her full! an information or caution to the helmsman, that the ship is too near the wind; implying that he should keep her farther off, or more to leeward, to fill the sails.

DÉFIE l’ancre du bord, bear off the anchor! the order to keep the fluke or bill of the anchor off from the side, to prevent it from tearing the planks at the time of hoisting the fluke up, to be secured by the shank-painter.

DÉFIER, to bear off, as a ship from a wharf, or one vessel from another, to prevent either from being bruised or damaged by rubbing, striking, &c.

DÉFUNER, to unrig a ship, to strip a mast, &c.

DÉGAGER un vaisseau, to rescue a ship from the possession, attack, or pursuit, of an enemy.

DÉGARNIR le cabestan, to unrig the capstern, by taking off the viol and unshipping the bars.

DÉGARNIR un vaisseau, to unrig or dismantle a ship. See DEGRÉER.

DÉGAUCHIR, to bevel or form a piece of timber, so as to fit aptly the place for which it is designed.

DÉGORGEOIR, the bit or priming-iron of a cannon.

DÉGRADER un vaisseau, to lay-by a ship; also to quit or abandon a ship at sea, after having taken out the rigging, stores, &c. when she is become so old and crazy as to be equally useless and dangerous.

DÉGRAPPINER, to warp a ship off from the ice by the means of grapplings, when she had approached too near it.

DEGRÉ, the division of a degree upon a quadrant, nocturnal, &c.

DEGRÉ de latitude, a degree of latitude.

DEGRÉ de longitude, a degree of longitude.

DÉGRÉER, to unrig a ship; also to loose the rigging in a storm. See DESAGRÉER.

DEHORS, the offing, the outside, or road, of a harbour.

DÉJOUER, to fly out, to flutter, or turn in the wind, expressed of flags, pendants, &c.

DÉLACER la bonnette, to unlace or take off the bonnet from the foot of a sail.

DÉLAISSEMENT, an instrument, or act, by which the loss of a ship is announced by the master or merchant to an insurer, summoning him to pay the stipulated insurance.

DÉLESTAGE, the discharging of ballast from a ship.

DÉLESTEUR, an officer appointed to receive the ballast of ships; also a ballast-lighter,

DELOT, or rather COSSE. See COSSE.

DÉMAILLER. See DÉLACER.

DEMANDE, the scantlings or proportions required in each piece of timber which enters into the construction of a ship of war; also the capacity of every piece, without regard to such demand.

DÉMARAGE, or DÉMARRAGE, breaking adrift from the moorings, parting the cables.

DÉMARRE, the order to cast off, let go a cable, hawser, or other rope.

DÉMARRER, to unmoor, to weigh anchor, to put to sea.

DÉMATÉ, dismasted by a storm or battle; also without the masts, when they have been hoisted out.

DÉMATER, to take out the masts of a ship.

DEMEURER, to remain, or be left, in some road, bay, or harbour.

DEMI-BARRES, the bars of an English capstern.

DEMI-CLEF, a half-hitch on a rope, &c.

DEMI-PIQUE, a half-pike, sometimes used to oppose the boarders in a sea-fight.

DEMI-PONT, the half-deck. See CORPS de garde.

DEMOISELLES. See LISSE de porte-haubans.

DEMONTER le gouvernail, to unhang the rudder.

DÉPARTEMENT, a marine arsenal, or dock-yard and gun-wharf; also the extent of the district and jurisdiction of an intendant of the marine.

DÉPASSER, to be ahead of one’s reckoning; to sail past or beyond the place intended, as by mistake.

DÉPASSER la tournevire, to shift the viol, or change it to the other side of the cap-stern.

DÉPASSER un vaisseau, to fore-reach, gain ground upon, or pass another ship, when sailing in company with her.

DÉPECER un batiment. See DÉCHIRER.

DÉPENCE, the steward-room in a ship of war.

DÉPENCIER, or DÉPENSIER d’un vaisseau, the ship’s steward. See MAITRE-VALET.

DÉPENDANT. Aller en DÉPENDANT, to sail in company; to follow.

Tomber en DÉPENDANT, to bear up; to shorten sail in order to veering.

DÉPLOER le pavillon, to let fly or display the ensign.

DÉPLOIER une voile, to heave out, or set a sail.

DÉPREDÉ, goods plundered or robbed from a wreck, contrary to law.

DÉRADER, to drive with the anchors ahead; to be driven from the anchors and forced out to sea, by the violence of a storm.

DÉRALINGUER, to blow from the bolt-rope, in a storm; spoken of a sail.

DERAPER, to loosen from the ground; understood of the anchor when it is almost aweigh.

DÉRIVATION, the yawing, or deviation from the line of the course.

DÉRIVE, the angle of lee-way, or drift.

DÉRIVE is also the stray-line, or allowance made for stray-line, occasioned by a ship’s falling to leeward, when sounding, in deep water.

DÉRIVE is likewise used for a lee-board. See SEMELLE.

DÉRIVE qui vaut la route, a drift favourable to the course.

Belle DÉRIVE, a good offing, or sea-room.

DÉRIVER, to drive, to be driven to leeward by a tempest or foul wind.

DÉROBER le vent d’un vaisseau, to becalm a ship; also to becalm some of the sails with others.

DÉSAFOURCHER, to unmoor.

DÉSAGRÉER, to have the rigging, or a part of it, blown away or lost by a storm, &c.

DEÉSANCRER, to weigh anchor, and depart from a port or road.

DÉSARBORER, to strike the top-mast and haul down the colours.

DÉSARMEMENT. See DÉCHARGEMENT, and DÉBARQUEMENT.

DÉSARRIMER, to alter or shift the stowage of the hold, in order to change the ship’s trim.

DESCENDRE, to maroon. See DESERTER.

DESCENDRE une riviere, to fall down a river with the tide.

DESCENTE, a descent or landing upon an enemy’s country.

DÉSEMBARQUER. See DÉBARQUEMENT.

Vaisseau DÉSEMPARÉ, a ship disabled, as in a tempest or battle.

DÉSEMPARER un vaisseau, to disable a ship in battle, by dismasting her and destroying her sails, &c.

DESERTER quelqu’un, to maroon a sailor, or leave him ashore in a foreign country contrary to his inclination.

DESSUS du vent. See AVANTAGE du vent.

Vingt hommes la-DESSUS, clap on here twenty hands! the order from an officer for twenty men to be employed on some particular duty.

DESTINATION, the place whither a ship is bound.

DÉTACHER, to select some ships from a squadron, for a particular service.

Se DÉTACHER, to quit or abandon the fleet.

DE TALINGUER, to unbend the cable, or take it off from the anchor.

DÉTREMPEUR de viandes salées & de poisson, the cook’s shifter.

DÉTROIT, a streight or narrow channel between two lands; also an isthmus between two seas.

DÉVENTER les voiles, to shiver the sails, or brace them to shiver in the wind.

DEVERGUER, to unbend the sails from their yards.

DEVERS, the moulding of any piece of timber, amongst shipwrights. Whence Marquer le bois suivant son DEVERS, to mould the timber according to its compass or inclination.

DÉVIRER le cable, to surge the cable about the capstern or windlas, in order to prevent it from riding, with one part over another.

DEVIS, a scheme containing the general dimensions of a ship, from which the shipwright is to form a draught for constructing her.

DEXTRIBORD, or rather STRIBORD, the starbord side of a ship. See STRIBORD.

DIABLOTIN, the mizen top-mast stay-sail.

DIGON, or DIGUON, the stock or staff of a vane or pendant; also a piece of the ship’s cut water.

DIGUE, a wall, mound, or pier, of earth or stone, and sometimes of timber, built on the margin of a river, to confine it within its banks so that it may not overflow the adjacent country.

DILIGENCE, a swift-sailing wherry, or passage-boat.

DISPUTER le vent, to strive for the weather-gage, or endeavour to get to windward of some ship, or fleet in sight.

DISTANCE de ports, &c. the line of distance, in navigation, between any two given places, whose latitude and longitude are known.

DISTANCE de sabords, the distance, or interval, between two gun-ports in a ship’s side.

DIVISION d’une armée navale, one division of a fleet of ships of war.

DIXIEME, an additional cask allowed by an agent-victualler to every ten casks of sea provisions, to answer for waste or leakage.

DOGRE, or DOGRE-bot, a Dutch dogger.

DOGUES d’amure, the holes in the chess-trees. See TAQUET.

DONNER à la côte, sur un banc, ou sur un écueil, to run aground, strike, or be stranded on any coast, shoal, or rock.

DONNER de bout à terre, to run right in for the land.

DONNER dedans, to enter a port, road, &c.

DONNER le bas de soie. See BAS de soie.

DONNER les culées, to strike repeatedly on a shelf or rock.

DONNER le fond. See MOUILLER.

DONNER la cale. See CALE.

DONNER la chasse. See CHASSER.

DONNER le côté. See PRETER le côté.

DONNER le feu à un vaisseau, to bream a ship.

DONNER le suif, to pay a ship’s bottom after she is breamed.

DONNER vent devant, to throw a ship up in the wind, or in stays; to bring the wind ahead, by putting the helm a-lee.

DONNER un grand hunier, to spare a main top-sail to some other ship in company; implying, that such ship sails slower by as much, as the force of a main-top-sail assists her velocity.

DONNEUR à la grosse, the insurer of a ship and her cargo.

DORER un vaisseau, to pay a ship’s bottom. See ESPALMER.

DORMANTE, l’eau DORMANTE, standing water, or water where no tide runs.

DORMANT, the standing part of a tackle, brace, or other running rope.

Bateau fait à DOS d’ane, a sharp-bottomed boat.

DOU est la navire? whence came the ship? where belongs the ship to?

DOUBLAGE, the sheathing applied to the bottom of a ship, to preserve her.

DOUBLE d’une manœuvre, the bight of a rope. See BALANT.

DOUBLER, to double, or double upon, in a sea-fight.

DOUBLER le sillage, to make a crooked wake; to run over more space of water than is necessary, by bad steerage.

DOUBLER un cap, parer un cap, to double, or pass beyond a cape, and leave it behind.

DOUBLER un vaisseau, to sheathe a ship’s bottom.

DOUCIN, a name given by seamen to brackish water.

DRAGAN, the ornamented part of the stern of a row-galley.

DRAGON, a whirlpool, or vortex of water.

DRAGON de vent, a sudden gust or violent squall of wind.

DRAGUE, a drag, or instrument to clean the bottoms of rivers and canals; also to catch oysters.

DRAGUE de canon. See BRAGUE.

DRAGUER, to clean the bottom of a river or canal with a drag.

DRAGUER l’ancre, to drag, or sweep the bottom, for an anchor which is lost.

DREGE, a sort of net for catching soles and turbot.

DRESSE la chaloupe, trim the boat! See BARQUE droite.

DRESSER les vergues, to brace the yards to the wind when the sails are furled at sea.

DRESSER une piece de bois, to trim or prepare any piece of timber for its use.

DRISSE, or ISSAS, the haliards of any sail or yard.

DRISSE de pavillon, the ensign haliards.

Allonge la DRISSE, the order to man the haliards, or stretch them along to be manned.

DROGUERIE, the herring-fishery, or the catching and preparation of herrings, on the Northern Banks.

DROIT d’ancrage. See ANCRAGE.

DROIT de congé. See CONGÉ.

DROIT de varech, ou varet. See CHOSES de la mer, and DÉBRIS.

Aller en DROITURE, or faire sa route en DROITURE, to make a strait course, to make a voyage without touching at any intermediate port.

DROSSE, or DROUSSE, the tiller-rope, formed of white hemp, and wound about the barrel of a ship’s wheel.

DROSSE de canon, a gun-tackle.

DROSSE de racage, a parrel-rope, or truss-rope.

DUNES, downs or heights on the sea-coast.

DUNETTE, the poop of a ship of war.

DUNETTE sur DUNETTE, the poop-royal. See TEUGUE.

E.

EAU changée, discoloured water, or water whose colour is changed by approaching the shore, or otherwise.

EAU du vaisseau. See SILLAGE.

EAU haute, high-water. See HAUTE-MARÉE.

EAU maigre, or Maigre-eau, shoal-water. This phrase is peculiar to the common sailors.

EAU plate & courtoise, very smooth water; the state of the water in a dead calm.

EAU premiere & EAU seconde, the first and second floods after a neap-tide.

EAUX fermées, water enclosed with ice.

EAUX ouvertes, an open channel, after the ice has melted or separated.

EBAROUI, abounding with shakes or rents; expressed of a ship whose planks are split, and her seams opened, by the sun or wind, for want of being wetted, or sluiced over with water, in the evenings and mornings.

EBE, or JUSSANT, the ebb-tide.

Il y à EBE, the tide ebbs, or falls.

EBRANLEMENT, the cracking or straining of a ship, as she labours in a high sea.

ECALE, the touching, or anchoring, at any port, in the course of a voyage.

ECARLINGUE. See CARLINGUE.

ECART double, a scarf of two ends of timber laid over each other.

ECART simple ou quarré, butt and butt; the joining of the butt-ends of two planks.

ECHAFAUD, a flake, or light stage, used in Newfoundland to dry cod-fish; also a stage hung over a ship’s side, to caulk or repair any breach.

ECHANDOLE. See ESCANDOLE.

ECHANTILLONS, the scantlings or dimensions of the different pieces of timber used in ship-building.

ECHARPE, the shell of a block or pulley. See ARCASSE and MOUFFLE.

ECHARS, a wind that veers and hauls; a light and variable wind.

ECHELLE, a scale of equal parts; also a sea-port town, in the dialect of Provence.

ECHELLE de pouppe, the stern or quarter-ladder, formed of ropes.

ECHELLES, the gangway and ladder, which serve to ascend or descend the ship’s side; likewise the several ladders between decks.

ECHELLES de latitude croissante. See CARTE réduite.

ECHILON, a water-spout. See SIPHON.

ECHOME, a thoule-pin. See AUTARELLES and THOLET.

ECHOUEMENT, the state of being stranded or wrecked on a coast.

ECHOUER sur la rivage, to run ashore, or aground; also to be stranded.

ECLAIRCIE, a clear spot in a cloudy sky. See CLAIRON.

ECLAT de bois, a splinter, or chip, torn from any piece of timber, by the force of a cannon-ball or by the stroke of an ax.

ECLUSE, a sluice, or dam.

ECOLE, the school, or academy, in a dock-yard, where navigation, arithmetic, and fortification are taught.

ECOPE, a boat’s scoop, or skeet, to throw out the water in her bottom.

ECORE, the edge or extremity of a sand-bank. See CÔTE.

ECORES, are also the shores or props which sustain a ship in dock, or on the stocks, when they are repairing or building her. See ACCORES.

ECOTARD. See PORTE-HAUBANS.

ECOUETS, the tacks of the main-sail and fore-sail.

ECOUPE, or ECOUPÉE, a swab. See FAUBER.

ECOUTES, the sheets of a sail.

ECOUTE de bonette en étui, the tack or guy of a studding-sail boom.

Avoir les ECOUTES largues, to sail with a flowing sheet.

_Larguer ou filer l’_ECOUTE, to ease off the sheet.

Border les ECOUTES, to haul aft the sheets.

Border plat les ECOUTES, to haul the sheets flat aft, or close aft.

ECOUTILLE qui s’emboîte, a hatchway with a scuttle which covers its border,

ECOUTILLES, the hatchways and scuttles in a ship’s deck.

ECOUTILLES à huit pans, ECOUTILLES du mât, the holes and partners of the mast.

ECOUTILLON, a scuttle, or small hatchway; also its cover.

ECOUVILLON, the spunge of a cannon.

ECOUVILLONNER, to spunge the inside of a cannon; to clean or cool it with a wet spunge.

ECRITURES, the papers of a ship, comprehending journals, registers, passports, &c.

ECRIVAIN, the clerk of a ship of war; also the supercargo of a merchant-ship.

ECRIVAIN emploié aux constructions, the clerk of the cheque of a dock-yard.

ECRIVAIN de la corderie, the clerk of the rope-yard.

ECUBIERS, the hawse-holes; also the hawse-pieces, through which those holes are cut.

ECUEIL, a dangerous rock or shoal.

ECUELLE de cabestan, the iron socket or sawcer of the capstern.

ECUME, the froth or foam of a breaking sea.

ECUMER la mer, to scour or infest the sea, as a pirate.

ECUSSON, ECU des armes, a compartment or scutcheon upon the stern, fore-castle, or belfry, upon which the arms of the ship’s owner, or of the province or city from which her name is derived, are painted or carved. These are more peculiar to the French and Dutch than English vessels.

EFFACER, to bring the broadside to bear upon some adjacent object, by clapping a spring upon the cable.

EFFLOTER, to part company, or separate at sea, as from a fleet or other ship.

EGOUTTOIR, a grating, or drain, wherein to lay cordage after it is tarred.

EGUILLES de tré. See AIGUILLES.

EGUILLETTES, or rather AIGUILLETTES, the futtock-riders.

EGUILLETTES, knittles, or small robands; also the loops or buttons of a bonnet.

EGUILLETTES de mâts. See ENTENNES.

EGUILLETTES de pontons, the cleats, or timber-heads on the gunnel of a pontoon, whereto the relieving-tackles are hooked in the act of careening a ship.

ELANCEMENT, or QUETE, the rake of a ship: the former of these terms is always applied to the stem, and the latter to the stern-post. See QUETE.

ELARGIR, to give chase; also to fly from a pursuing enemy.

_S’_ELEVER, to stand out to sea; also to claw off from a lee-shore.

_S’_ELEVER en latitude. See HAUTEUR.

ELINGUER, to sling a cask, bale, or box.

ELINGUES, slings of any kind.

ELINGUES à pattes, can-hooks.

ELINGUET, the pawl of a capstern or windlas.

ELME, a meteor, called by English seamen a corposant. See FEU Saint-Elme.

EMBANQUÉ, to be upon a fishing-bank, as those of Newfoundland.

EMBARDER, to sheer on one side or the other; to yaw, or steer obliquely. See ELANCER.

EMBARGO, an imbargo.

EMBARQUEMENT, an embarkation.

EMBARQUER, to ship, to put goods, stores, &c. on shipboard.

_S’_EMBARQUER, to embark, or enter a ship.

EMBELLE, the gangway, or that part of the gunnel which is in the waist of a ship from the gangway to the chess-tree, or fore-castle.

EMBODINURE, or EMBOUDINURE, the puddening of an anchor.

EMBOSSER, to anchor, or moor a ship.

EMBOSSURE, a knot formed on the end of a rope, to which a laniard is fastened; also a bend, by which one rope is fastened to another.

EMBOSSURES, a general name for moorings, stoppers, lashings, and laniards.

EMBOUCHURE, the mouth of a river; also the entrance or opening of a bay or gulph.

EMBOUFFETÉ, clinch-work.

EMBOUQUER, to enter into a streight or passage, through several islands.

EMBRAQUER, to haul, or rowse any rope into a ship; to haul aboard a rope.

EMBROUILLER les voiles, to brail up, clue up, or take in the sails.

EMBRUMÉ, foggy weather.

EMMARINÉ, hardened to the sea; as

Matelot EMMARINÉ, a case-hardened or weather-beaten tar; a veteran sailor.

EMMARINER un vaisseau, to mann a ship, or furnish her with seamen.

EMMIELLER un étai, to worm a stay.

EMMORTOISER, to fill up a mortise with its tenon.

EMPANNER. See METTRE en panne.

EMPATER, to make a scarf; to scarf two pieces of timber together.

EMPATURE, the scarf of two ends of plank or timber.

EMPECHÉ, un manœuvre EMPECHÉ, foul, or entangled; an epithet applied to a rope, or tackle, in that situation.

EMPENNELLE, a small anchor sunk ahead of a larger one, to which it is fastened by a small hawser, or tow-line, to prevent the large anchor from loosening, or coming home to the ship.

EMPENNELLER, to carry out the empennelle.

EMPESER la voile, la mouiller, to wet the sails, in order to hold the wind better.

EMPIRANCE, the diminution of a ship’s cargo, by waste, decay, or damage, when it is found deficient at the time of delivery.

EMPORTER, to carry away a mast; as, le grand mât fut emporté, the main-mast was carried away, or, overboard.

EMPOULETTE. See HORLOGE.

ENCABANEMENT, the tumbling-home of a ship’s side, or narrowing of her breadth from the lower-deck-beam upwards to the gunnel.

ENCAPÉ, embayed, or entered between two capes.

ENCASTILLAGE, the elevation of the fore-castle and quarter-deck, together with all the height of a ship above the gunnel of her waist.

ENCASTILLÉ, deep-waisted, or frigate-built; as opposed to galley-built.

ENCLAVER, to let into a rabbit; as the garboard-streak is let into the keel.

ENCOGNURE, the elbow or angle of a knee or standard.

ENCOMBREMENT, cumbersome or unwieldy goods, that embarrass the stowage of a merchant-ship.

ENCOQUER, to fix or slide on, as an iron ring, block-strop, or the eye of a brace-pendant is fixed upon a yard-arm.

ENCOQUURE, the situation of an eye of a pendant, or studding-sail boom-iron, fixed on a yard arm.

ENCORNAIL, the sheave-hole in a top-mast-head, through which the top-sail-tye is reeved, to hoist or lower the top-sail along the mast.

ENCOUTURÉ, clinch-work. See also EMBOUFFETÉ.

ENDENTÉ, dove-tailed, indented.

ENDORMI, out of the sailing-trim; spoken of a ship which has lost her usual velocity, or trim. See ERRE.

ENFILER les cables en virant, to heave in the cables by the capstern.

ENFLECHURES, the rattlings of the shrouds.

ENFLEMENT, a swell, a rough or swelling sea, produced by a storm, &c.

ENGAGÉ, an indented servant, who engages to serve a limited time, to defray the expence of his voyage to a distant country.

ENGAGEMENT, the contract, or articles of agreement between the seamen and the commander of a merchant-ship.

ENGINS, frigates of war; a general name for those ships of war which are too small for the line of battle.

ENGRAISSEMENT, joindre du bois par ENGRAISSEMENT, to drive forcibly into a mortise; to fit a piece of wood so exactly, that no vacancy shall be left on any side.

ENGRENER la pompe, to pump the water out of a ship’s bottom.

ENJALER une ancre, to stock, or fix the stock upon, an anchor.

ENLACURE, the bolting of a tenon into its mortise, by boring a hole and driving a bolt through both, to unite them more securely.

ENMANCHÉ, entered or arrived, into the channel.

ENSEIGNE de vaisseau, an officer under the lieutenant, who executes his duty in his absence; also the ensign of a ship.

ENTAILLE, the rabbit or mortise by which one piece of timber is let into another.

ENTENNES, the props, or out-riggers, fixed on the side of a sheer-hulk, to support the sheers.

ENTER, to join two pieces of wood, as by scarfing, rabbiting, or placing them butt-and-butt.

ENTERRER les futailes, to stow the water-casks of a ship in the ballast.

ENTRÉE d’une riviere. See EMBOUCHURE.

ENTREMISES, small wedges, or chocks, placed between the whelps of a capstern, to keep them firm in their places.

ENTREPOT, a commercial harbour, where a magazine or storehouse is established, for the reception and exportation of goods; also a factory, or society of merchants, in a trading sea-port.

ENTREPRENEUR, a contractor for building and furnishing a ship, completely fitted according to stated dimensions.

ENTRER dans le port, to sail into the harbour.

ENTRE SABORDS, the planks which form the intervals between the ports of a ship’s side.

ENTRE-TOISE, the transoms of a gun-carriage, used at sea.

ENVERGUER, to bend a sail to its yard: this phrase is also frequently used for bending a stay-sail to its stay.

ENVERGURE, the dimensions of the sails with regard to their extent upon the yards: hence une grande ENVERGURE, implies very square sails.

ENVOIE, the order to the helmsman to put the helm a-lee, in order to bring the ship head to wind.

EPARS du pavillon, the flag-staff, or ensign-staff.

EPAVES. See CHOSES de la mer.

EPAULES d’un vaisseau, the bows of a ship.

EPAULEMENT d’un tenon, the shoulder of a tenon, which enters a mortise.

EPAURES, or EPAVRES, the ledges upon which the fore sheets and stern-sheets of a boat are framed.

EPÉES, handspikes. Se BARRES de virevaut.

EPERON, or POULAINE, the cut-water, or knee of the head, which is composed of several pieces, as la gorgere, le digon, les jottereaux, la courbe capucine, & les herpes. See GORGERE, &c.

EPINEUX, rocky above water; full of rocks and breakers.

EPISSER, to splice a rope.

EPISSOIR, or CORNET d’épisse, a marline-spike, or splicing fid of hard wood.

EPISSURE, a splice of any kind.

EPISSURE courte, a short splice.

EPISSURE longue, a long splice.

EPITE, a small pin or wedge, driven into the end of a tree-nail, to fill it.

EPITIÉ, a shot-garland, on the ship’s side between the guns.

EPONTILLE, a stanchion. See BATAYOLLES.

EPONTILLES d’entre pont, the stanchions between decks.

EQUIPAGE, the crew of a ship of war, comprehending the officers, sailors, ordinary mariners, and boys; but exclusive of the captain, lieutenant, and ensign.

EQUIPAGE d’attelier, a general name for the machinery and furniture of a dock-yard, or shipwright’s wharf, as cranes, gins, screws, &c.

EQUIPAGE de pompe, the pump-gear, or furniture of the pumps.

EQUIPE, the number or set of boats belonging to one waterman or wherryman.

EQUIPEMENT, the fitting out of a ship, or furnishing her with men, provisions, stores, &c.

EQUIPER, to man, arm, and provide a ship with whatever is necessary to prosecute war, or commerce; exclusive, however, of the cargo itself.

ERISSON, a grappling, or anchor with four claws, used in low-built vessels, particularly galleys.

ERRE, the sailing trim of a ship, or the state by which she is best qualified for the purpose of sailing.

ERSE de poulie. See ESTROPE.

ERSES, or ÉTROPES d’afût, the strops or eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage, to which the relieving-tackles are hooked.

ESCADRE, a squadron of ships of war.

ESCALE. See ECALE.

ESCANDOLA, the cabin of the argousin of a row-galley.

ESCARBITE, a caulker’s oil-box, or the case which contains thrums steeped in oil, to clean his irons when he is at work.

ESCARPÉ, steep-to; expressed of a shore which may be approached without danger.

ESCARPINE, a fire-arm, resembling a cohorn, used at sea.

ESCHILON. See ECHILON.

ESCOPE, or rather ECOPE, a skeet to wet the sails, or the ship’s side. See ECOPE.

ESCOT, the aftmost lower corner of a lateen sail.

ESPALE, the aftmost bank or thwart of a row-galley.

ESPALIER, the person who rows with the handle of the oar, or who is at the inner extremity, and rises at every stroke to guide it.

ESPALMER, to pay the bottom of a vessel with soap, &c. after having breamed her.

ESPOIR, a small piece of artillery, formed of brass, mounted on the deck of a ship, more particularly the caraques of Portugal.

ESPONTON, a sort of half-pike, employed to defend a ship from the assault of boarding.

ESPOULETTE, a tin canteen, or case, to carry fine powder to the cannon, in the time of battle.

ESQUAINS, the quick-work, or the planks laid upon that part of a ship’s side which is above the spirketting of the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

ESQUIF, a skiff, yawl, or small boat belonging to a ship.

ESSES, the forelocks which are driven through the axletrees of the gun-carriages, to confine the wheels in their proper places.

ESSIEU, or rather AISSIEU, d’affut de bord, the axis of a gun-carriage, by which it rests upon the wheels.

ESSUIEUX. See ECOUVILLON.

ESTAINS, the fashion-pieces of the stern.

ESTANCE à taquets, a Sampson’s-post. See also PIÉDROIT.

ESTANCES. See EPONTILLES d’entre-pont.

ESTERRE, a small haven or creek.

ESTIME, the dead-reckoning.

_Erreur dans l’_ESTIME, the errors of a dead-reckoning.

ESTIVE, the trim or disposition of the cargo, by which the ship swims upright, inclining to neither side.

ESTOUPIN, ETOUPIN, or VALET, the vent of a cannon, formed of oakum.

ESTRAN, a name sometimes given to a flat and sandy sea-coast.

ESTRAPADE marine, a naval punishment. See CALE.

ESTRAPONTIN, an Indian hammock. See HAMAC.

ESTRIBORD, or STRIBORD. See STRIBORD.

ESTROPER, to reeve a rope through any block.

ESTROPES, a general name for block-strops.

ESTROPES d’affut. See ERSES.

ESTROPES de marche-pieds, the stirrups of the horses.

ETABLI sur ses amarres, settled, moored, or stationed in a port.

ÉTAI, the stay of a mast.

ÉTAI du grand mât, or grand etai, the main-stay.

ÉTAI du grand mât de hune, the main-top-mast-stay.

ÉTAI du grand perroquet, the main-top-gallant-stay.

ÉTAI du mât d’artimon, the mizen-stay.

ÉTAI du mât de hune d’avant, the fore-top-mast-stay.

ÉTAI du misaine, or du mât de misaine, the fore-stay.

ÉTAI de perroquet d’artimon, or de foule, the mizen-top-mast-stay,

ÉTAI de voile d’étai, a stay-sail-stay.

Faux-ÉTAI, a preventer-sail.

ETALER, to anchor during the interval of a contrary tide, in a foul wind, with intent to pursue the course the next favourable tide.

ETALINGUE, the part of a cable which is bent to the anchor.

ETALINGUER, to bend the cable to its anchor.

ETAMBOT, the stern-post of a ship.

ETAMBRAIES, the holes or scuttles in a ship’s decks, through which the masts are let down; also the partners of the mast.

ETAMINE, buntine; a cloth of which a ship’s colours are made.

ETANCHER, to stop a leak; also to pump the water out of a ship.

ETANÇONS, a sort of stanchions.

ETAPE, a mart, or place of public sale for merchandise; also a commercial port.

ETARCURE, the drop or depth of a sail.

ETAT d’armement, a list, or register, containing the number of ships, and of officers, destined for a naval armament; as also the quality and proportion of cordage, sails, and furniture of a ship, &c.

Capitaine du grand ETAT, a captain of a ship of the line of battle.

Capitaine du petit ETAT, a master and commander.

ETENDARD, the royal standard, carried by the principal galley of France.

ETÉSIES, or vents ETÉSIENS, trade-winds, or monsoons.

ÉTOUPE, oakum, or oakham.

ÉTOUPE blanche, white oakum, or that which is formed of untarred ropes.

ÉTOUPE goudronnée, black oakum, or oakum made of tarred ropes.

ETRAQUE, the limited breadth of a streak, or plank, used in ship-building.

ETRAQUE de gabord, the garboard-streak, or the breadth of the streak next to the keel.

ETRAVE, the stem of a ship.

ETRE à flot, the state of being buoyed up by the water.

ETRE à la gamelle, to mess with the common sailors.

ETRE au dessus du vent. See AVANTAGE du vent.

ETRE banqué, or débanqué, to be upon, or off, the grand bank of Newfoundland.

ETRE dans les eaux d’un vaisseau, to be in the wake of a ship.

ETRE de bout au vent. See ALLER de bout au vent.

ETRE flanc à flanc. See PROLONGER.

ETRE pratique de la mer, to be accustomed or inured to the sea.

ETRIER, the lower link of the chains of a shroud, which is bolted to the wales.

ETRIERS, strops formed of a piece of rope. See ESTROPES.

ETUVE, a stove in a dock-yard, fitted with furnaces and cauldrons, for tarring cordage, &c.

EVENT, the vent of a cannon, or difference between the diameter of the bore and the diameter of the shot.

EVENTER les voiles, to fill the sails.

EVITÉE, the channel of a river, or the breadth of a channel.

EVITÉE, a birth, or sufficient space to let a ship swing round at the length of her mooring.

EVITÉE is also the birth or space between two ships at anchor, or between one ship and some neighbouring object; likewise the sweep or swing of a ship round her anchor, at the length of her cable.

EVITER à marée, to stem the tide or current.

EVITER au vent, to carry the head to windward, to stem the wind.

EVOLUTIONS, the movements of a fleet in forming the line of battle, or the orders of retreat, or sailing.

EXERCICE, the naval exercise, or the preparatory practice of unmooring, setting sail, stowing the anchors, &c.

EXERCICE du canon, the exercise of the great guns.

EXPEDITION maritime, a cruise or long voyage at sea.

F.

FABRIQUE, the particular built or structure of a ship, either with regard to her figure, or the place where she was fabricated.

FABRIQUER, to build or construct a ship.

FAÇONS, the narrowing of a ship’s floor afore and abaft.

FAGOT. See BARQUE.

FAIRE abattre. See ABATTRE.

FAIRE abordage. See ABORDAGE.

FAIRE aiguade, or FAIRE de l’eau, to water a ship, or procure the provision of water necessary for a voyage, &c.

FAIRE bon bord, or bonne bordée, to make a good board or tack, when turning to windward.

FAIRE canal, to sail through a streight or narrow channel. This phrase is more peculiar to the gallies than other vessels.

FAIRE capot, to overset, or overturn, at sea.

FAIRE chapelle. See CHAPELLE.

FAIRE chaudiere, to cook and prepare the seamens victuals.

FAIRE courir, or recourir la bouline, or toute autre manœuvre, to let run, or over-haul the bowline, or any other rope.

FAIRE dégrat, to quit a station, on the banks of Newfoundland, where there are few fish, in order to search for a better fishing place.

FAIRE des feux, to hang out lanthorns, as signals of distress, in different places of a ship, in the night.

FAIRE du bois, du biscuit, du vin, de la farine, &c. to furnish a ship with the provision of wood, bread, wine, flour, &c.

FAIRE eau, to leak, to make water.

FAIRE escale, to touch at any intermediate port in the course of a voyage.

FAIRE feu des deux bords, to cannonade, or fire on an enemy, from both sides of a ship.

FAIRE filer un cable, to pay out a larger scope of cable.

FAIRE force de voiles, to make sail, to croud sail.

FAIRE force de voiles & rames, to croud sail and exert all the force of the oars.

FAIRE gouverner, to cunn the ship, or observe that the helmsman steers the ship right.

FAIRE honneur à une roche ou a quelqu’autre danger, to give birth to a rock or other dangerous object in a ship’s course.

FAIRE la course. See ALLER en course.

FAIRE la grande bordée, to set the half-watch, or the watch of half the ship’s crew, as at sea.

FAIRE le petit bordée. See BORDÉE.

FAIRE le nord, le sud, &c. to stand to the northward, southward, &c.

FAIRE pavillon, to carry a broad pendant, as the commodore or commander in chief of a squadron, &c.

FAIRE pavillon, or banniere d’une nation, to hoist or shew the colours.

FAIRE pavillon blanc, to display a flag of truce.

FAIRE petites voiles, to be under small sails, to carry little sail.

FAIRE plus de voiles, to make sail, to make more sail.

FAIRE quarantaine, to perform quarantine.

FAIRE route, to stand onward on the course.

FAIRE sa route en droiture. See ALLER en droiture.

FAIRE servir, to fill the sails; to make sail, after having lain by for some time.

FAIRE servir les voiles, to brace about and fill.

FAIRE son quart. See QUART.

FAIRE téte, to carry the head to a current or wind.

FAIRE une descente, to invade, or make a descent upon, an enemy’s country.

FAIRE voiles or voile, to depart and set sail; to be under sail.

FAIS COURIR, keep her full! the order to the helmsman to steer the ship so as not to shake in the wind when close hauled.

FAIT, fixed, or set-in; an epithet applied to the wind, when it is supposed to be settled for a time.

FAIX, or FAIX de pont. See ILOIRES.

FALAISE, a steep and bold shore.

FALAISER, to break or burst over the rocks, &c. understood of the waves upon a sea coast.

FANAL, a light-house on the sea-coast. See PHARE.

FANAL is also the poop or quarter-lanthorn of a ship.

FANAL de hune, the top-lanthorn.

FANAL de soute, the light-room of a ship’s magazine.

FANAUX de combat, the lanthorns used between the guns, in time of battle.

FANAUX pour signaux, signal-lanthorns.

FANON, the balance of the mizen.

FARAILLON, a small sand-bank.

FARAIS, a sort of nets for fishing of coral.

FARDAGE, the dinnage laid in a ship’s hold, when she is to be laden with a cargo of corn, fast, &c.

FARE. See PHARE.

FARGUES, or FARDES, the sides of a ship’s waist, from the main-deck upwards to the gunnel.

FASIER, to shiver the sails. See BARBEYER.

FAUBER, a swab. Whence

FAUBERTER, to swab a ship’s decks, &c.

FAUSSE écoute. See ÉCOUTES de bonnettes en étui.

FAUSSE étrave, or rather CONTRE étrave, the stemson.

FAUSSE galerie, a quarter-badge.

FAUSSE quille, a piece of timber placed on the top of the keel, in the interval between the dead-wood afore and abaft: also the false keel.

FAUSSES lances, wooden guns, fixed on a ship’s side to deceive an enemy in time of war.

FAUX coté, the side of a ship which heels most when she is lap-sided, or is not trimmed upright by her cargo.

FAUX étai, a preventer-main-stay.

FAUX étais, a general name for the stay-sail-stays.

FAUX étambot, the back of the stern-post.

FAUX feux, signals made by false fires.

FAUX pont, the orlop-deck, or platform.

FAUX racage, a preventer-parrel, used to confine the yard to the mast, in case the parrel should be shot away in battle. This machine is never used in English shipping.

FAUX ringot. See SAFRAN.

FAUX sabords, false ports, painted in a ship’s side, to deceive an enemy. See FAUSSES lances.

FAYFENA, a sort of Japonese galley, which usually rows with about thirty oars.

FELOUQUE, an Italian felucca.

FEMELLES, the googings used to hang the rudder on the stern-post.

FÉMELOTS, the googings of a boat’s rudder, &c.

FER, a name given to an anchor in a row-galley.

FER de chandelier de pierrier, the socket in which the swivel of a pedrero rests and traverses.

FER de girouette, the spindle which supports the vane at the mast-head.

FERLER, to furl, hand, or stow the sails.

FERMETURE. See the subsequent article.

FERMURES, the planks of a ship’s side in the intervals between the wales.

FERRURE, the iron-work of a ship, as chains, bolts, spikes, nails, &c.

FERRURE de chaloupe, the iron-work employed to fit the mast, boom, and rudder of a long-boat.

FERRURE de gouvernail, the pintles and googings of a ship’s rudder.

FERRURE de sabords, the hinges of the gun-ports.

FERS d’arcboutans, or boute de hors, the goose-neck of a studding-sail-boom; also the fork of a fire-boom.

FERS pour les criminels, bilboes, or fetters, to confine criminals.

FESSES, a name usually given to the buttocks, or prominent quarters, of a Dutch flight or cat.

FEU grégeois, an artificial fire, or inflammable composition, used sometimes to burn an enemy’s ship in battle.

FEU saint Elme, a corposant, sometimes called Castor and Pollux.

FEUX d’artifice, artificial fires used at sea.

FICHURE, a fish-gig, or staff with several grains or prongs, used to strike fish at sea. See FOESNE.

FIGALE, an Indian vessel with one mast, usually rowed with oars.

FIGULES, or FIGURES. See ENFLECHURES.

FIL de carret, a rope-yarn.

FIL de voile, de tré, ou de trévier, twine for sail-making.

FILADIERE, a small flat-bottomed boat used on the Garonne.

FILANDRES, sea-weeds which adhere to a ship’s bottom that has been long at sea.

FILARETS, rails used to extend the nettings on a ship’s quarter, waist, or fore-castle.

FILE bouline, check the bowline! the order to ease-off, or let go the bowline, when the ship veers before the wind.

Ne FILE plus, amarre, keep fast the cable! stopper the cable! veer no more!

FILER, to slacken, or lower gradually.

FILER du cable, to veer out, or veer away the cable.

FILER de l’écoute, to ease-off a sheet.

FILER le cable bout par bout, to veer away the cable to the end, to veer out the cable end for end.

FILER les manœuvres. See LARGUER.

FILER sur ses ancres, to pay out more cable to the anchors.

FILER toute l’écoute, to let fly a sheet, as in a squall of wind which endangers the ship.

FILET, a sort of moulding on a ship’s side.

FILET de merlin, a marling; a small line so called. See MERLIN.

FILEUX, or TAQUET. See TAQUET.

FIN de voiles, swift of sailing.

FISCAL, or Avocat-FISCAL, an officer whose duty is similar to that of the judge-advocate of a court-martial at sea.

FISOLERES, small boats used by the Venetians, one of which is often carried by the waterman who manages it, upon his shoulders.

FISOLLE, or FICELLE, whipping-twine; also a fox, formed of a single rope-yarn.

FLAMBEAU de mer, a title given to a book of sea-charts, coasts, soundings, &c.

FLAMME, a broad-pendant, displayed as a mark of distinction, ornament, or signal.

FLAMMEROLES. See FEU saint Elme.

FLANC de vaisseau, the side of a ship.

Etre FLANC à FLANC, to lie alongside of, to be broadside-and-broadside.

FLASQUES, the cheeks or sides of a gun-carriage.

FLECHE de l’eperon. See HERPES and LISSES de poulaine.

FLETTE, a sort of punt, or flat-bottomed boat, used for the passage of a river, or carrying goods, &c.

A FLEUR d’eau, level with the surface of the water.

FLEURS, those parts of a ship which lie at the floor-heads, or the upper-ends of the floor-timbers.

FLIBOT, a small Dutch vessel, which usually carries about one hundred tons, and has a main-mast and fore-mast, without any top-mast.

FLIBUSTIERS, or CORSAIRES, freebooters or bucaneers.

Florer un vaisseau, or lui donner les FLEURS, to pay a ship’s bottom; to give her a clean bottom by careening, &c.

FLOT, FLOTS, the surge or waves of the sea.

Abandonner un vaisseau à la merci des FLOTS, to let a ship drive at the mercy of the waves and winds.

FLOT, the flood-tide.

Demi-FLOT, half-flood.

Il y à FLOT, the tide flows, it is flowing water.

Etre à FLOT, to float, to be afloat upon the water.

Ligne de FLOTTAISON, a line described on the bottom of a ship, by the surface of the water in which she floats.

FLOTTE, a fleet of ships.

FLOTTER, to swim or float upon the surface of the water.

FLOTTILLE, a small squadron of Spanish ships, usually stationed in America.

FLUTE, a flight or fly-boat, called also PINQUE, but differing in shape from the English ship so called.

FLUX & REFLUX, the tides of flood and ebb.

FOC, a jib.

Le grand Foc, the standing jib.

FOESNE, a forked instrument with several prongs and a long handle to strike fish; it is usually termed grains, or fish-gig, by the English mariners. See FICHURE.

FOIT de mât, the height of a mast, expressed of a very high or taunt mast.

FONCET, a long flat-bottomed barge, for carrying goods in a river, &c.

FOND, the ground or bottom of the sea.

FOND d’affut, the sole or bottom of a gun-carriage.

FOND de bonne tenüe, good holding ground, or good anchoring-ground.

FOND de cale, the hold of a ship.

FOND de cours ou cure, a bottom of fine sand.

FOND de la hune, the platform or flooring of the top.

FOND de mauvaise tenüe, bad anchoring ground.

FOND de roche, rocky ground.

FOND de son, a bottom where the sand appears like bran.

FOND de voile, the bunt of a sail.

Point de FOND, out of soundings.

FOND d’aiguilles, a bottom or ground abounding with pointed shells.

FOND-haut, ou haut-FOND, a shoal or high ground, or sand bank.

FOND d’un basse voile, the foot of a lower sail.

Prendre FOND, toucher, relacher, to anchor or touch at a place in passing.

Aller à FOND, to sink, to go to the bottom.

Plat-FOND d’un vaisseau, the floor or bottom of a ship.

FOQUE de beaupré, the jib, or flying-jib. See FOC.

FORBAN, a pirate. See PIRATE.

FORCE de voiles, fair FORCE de voiles, to make sail, to croud sail.

FORCER de rames, faire FORCE de rames, to row strongly, so as to redouble the efforts of the oars.

FORCER des voiles, to croud sail, to carry a press of sail.

FOURCHETTE, a pair of sheers, or machine to mast or dismast a ship.

FORME, a wet dock.

FORME en talud, a slip, or declivity on the banks of a river, where ships are built.

FORMES de vaisseaux. See BALOIRES.

FORT de virer, a term amongst the French common sailors, which answers to, avast-heaving.

FORTUNE de mer, the accidents or disasters of the sea, occasioned by pirates, shallows, &c.

FORTUNE de vent, a tempest or violent storm, in the dialect of Provence.

Voile de FORTUNE, the square or lug-sail of a galley or tartane, in the Mediterranean. See TREOU.

FOSSE, a creek or small haven on the sea-coast, where ships may come to anchor.

FOSSE is also a place out of soundings on the edge of a bank.

FOSSE au lion, the boatswain’s store room, in the fore part of a ship.

FOSSE aux cables, the cable stage, or cable tier, in the orlop, &c.

FOSSE aux mâts, a place where the masts are kept afloat in salt water, in a dock-yard.

FOUETTER, to strike or slap back against the mast; expressed of the sails of a ship, when they are first taken aback.

FOUGON, the cobose, grate, or fire-place of a ship, in the language of Provence.

FOUGUE, mât de FOUGUE, ou à foule, the mizen-mast.

Vergue de FOUGUE, ou foule, the cross jack-yard.

FOUGUE, or perroquet de Fougue, the mizen-top-sail.

FOULOIR, an instrument which serves as a rammer and spunge of a cannon.

FOUR, a sort of breast-hook or knee, used to strengthen the bows of a boat.

FOURCATS, the crotches, placed in the after and fore hold, as floor-timbers.

FOURCHE de potence de pompe, the ears of a pump.

FOURCHES de carene, breaming-hooks, or forks used to hold the flaming furze or faggots to a ship’s bottom when graving.

FOURRER, to serve the cables, as with rounding, keckling, plat, &c.

FOURRURE, a general name for service of leather, plat, canvas, or ropes.

FOYER, a light-house, a light or fire on the sea coast, to direct shipping in the night. See PHARE.

FRAICHEUR, a fresh wind or steddy breeze.

FRAICHIR, to freshen, or blow stronger; expressed of an increasing gale.

FRAIS, a light or small breeze.

FRANC d’eau, pumped out, or free of water.

Rendre le navire FRANC d’eau, to pump the water out from a ship’s bottom; to free her by the pump.

FRANC-funin, a white hauser or large untarred rope, used for several purposes.

FRANCHE-bouline, upon a bowline, upon a wind, close hauled.

FRANCHIR la lame, to head the sea, to sail against the setting of the sea.

FRANCHIR l’eau. See Rendre le navire FRANC, &c.

FRANCHIR une roche, to pass over or forge off from a rock, after having struck, touched, or rested upon it.

FRAPPER, to fix on, or set up the standing-rigging: also to make fast, when expressed of large ropes; as amarrer, to belay, is used in the same sense for smaller ones.

FRÉGATE, a frigate of war.[60]

FRÉGATE d’avis, a sloop of war, packet-boat, or tender.

FRÉGATE légere, a light or small frigate, carrying from 30 to 20 guns.

FREGATÉ, frigate built, or formed with a deep waist.

FREGATON, a sort of Venetian ketch,

FREINS. See REFREINS.

FRELER, to furl, or hand the sail. See FERLER.

FREQUENTER un port, to trade often to one harbour.

FRET, the freight or hire of a ship; called also fretement.

FRETER, to freight or hire a ship.

FRETEUR, the proprietor or owner of a ship, to whom the freight for the merchandize is paid.

FRIBSUTIER. See FLIBUSTIERS.

FRISER les sabords, to line the gun-ports with bays or kersey, to prevent the water from entering at sea.

FRISONS, cans or jugs.

FRONTEAU, the breast-work, a moulding ornamented with sculpture, and sometimes a sort of balustrade, reaching athwart the ship from one side to the other, and serving to terminate the quarter-deck and poop at the fore-end, and the fore-castle both afore and abaft.

FRONTON. See MIROIR.

FUNER un mât, to fix the standing-rigging on the mast-head.

FUNIN, cordage of a certain size, which is particularly used for the running-ropes, and sometimes for the standing-rigging. See FRANC-funin.

FURIN, the offing, the high sea, deep water; as, Mettre un vaisseau en FURIN, to carry or conduct a ship out to sea, or over the bar, &c. of a harbour into deep water.

FUSEAUX, or TAQUETS de cabestan. See TAQUETS.

FUSÉE dans un brulot, the pipe or channel of the train in a fire-ship.

FUSÉE d’aviron, a mouse on the middle of an oar, to confine it in the strop or grommet.

FUSÉE de vindas, ou de cabestan volant, the main-piece or body of the windlass, into which the handspecks are put.

FUSÉES de tournevire, the mouses of the viol.

FUSTE, a low and capacious vessel navigated with sails and oars.

FUT de girouette, the vane-stock.

FUTAILLE, the water and provision-casks of a ship.

G.

GABARE, GABARRE, a sort of flat-bottomed lighter or barge, used in the river Loire, to lade and unlade shipping.

GABARIER, a lighter-man, or the person who conducts the gabare.

GABARI, a sort of model to represent the outline and thickness of the frames of a ship’s timbers. See COUPLE.

Premier GABARI, or rather maître GABARI, the midship-frame.

GABARIS de l’arriere, the after-frames.

GABARIS de l’avant, the fore-timbers or frames.

GABIE, the top, in the dialect of Provence.

GABIER, the captain of the main, or fore-top.

GABORD, the garboard-streak, or plank next to the keel in a ship’s bottom.

GABURONS. See JUMELLES.

GACHER, to row, or advance a boat with oars.

GAFFE, a boat-hook. See CROC.

GAFFER, to hook and draw any thing near with a boat-hook.

GAGNER le vent, or GAGNER au vent, &c. to gain the wind of, to get to windward of. See AVANTAGE du vent.

GAGNER sur un vaisseau, to fore-reach or gain upon; to gain ground of some ship in company.

GAGNER un port, un havre, un degré de latitude, to secure a harbour, or arrive at a rendezvous without interruption.

GAILLARD, or CHATEAU, the elevation of the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

GAILLARDELETTE, or GALAN, the flag of the fore-mast.

GAILLARDET, a sort of broad pendant displayed at the fore-mast-head.

GAINE de flamme, the canvas edging fixed on the head of a pendant, to contain the stock.

GALAUBANS, the back-stays of the top-masts and top-gallant-masts.

GALÉACE, or GALÉACE, a galléasse, or great galley of Venice.

GALERE, a row-galley.

GALERE patrone, the second of the galleys of France, Tuscany, and Malta.

GALERIE, the gallery or balcony of a ship’s stern, or quarter.

GALERIES du fond de cale, certain passages formed close to the cieling in the hold of a ship of war, for the discovery of leaks. See ACCOURSIE.

Fausse GALERIES, the badges of the quarters in a small ship.

GALERNE, a north-west wind.

GALET, a sea-coast abounding with flints.

GALETTE, round and flat sea-biscuit.

GALION, a galleon, or Spanish ship of war of the Indian fleet.

GALIOTE, a half galley; also a Dutch fishing vessel.

GALIOTE à bombes, a bomb-ketch.

GALIOTE servant de yacht d’avis, a packet, or advice-boat.

GALOCHE, a snatch-block; also a hole made in the coamings of a hatchway, for the cable to rest when the hatches are laid.

GALOCHE likewise implies the stock or frame into which the feet of the sheet-kevels are fixed by the ship’s side.

GAMBES de hune, the futtock-shrouds.

GAMELLE, a bowl or platter to hold the sailors victuals; also a mess or company of them who eat together.

Etre à la GAMELLE. See ETRE, &c.

GANTERIAS. See BARRES de hune.

GARANT, a tackle-fall, or the part upon which they pull in hoisting, &c.

GARBIN, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

GARCETTES, a general name for all sorts of platted cordage; as,

Maîtresse-GARCETTE, the bunt-gasket, or middle-gasket of a yard.

GARCETTES de bonnettes, the keys or buttons of the bonnets.

GARCETTES de fourrures de cables, plat for serving the cables.

GARCETTES de ris, the reef-points of a sail.

GARCETTES de tournevire, the nippers of the cable, by which it is attached to the viol.

GARCETTES de voiles, the gaskets which serve to furl the sails.

GARCONS de bord, the ordinary seamen in a ship of war or merchantman.

GARDES, or QUART, the watch.

GARDE au mât, a person who looks out at the mast-head.

GARDE-corps, the side, or quarter-nettings of a ship.

GARDE-côte, a ship of war which cruises on the coast of a nation, to protect it from the insults of the enemy or pirates.

GARDE des côtes, a military guard, employed to defend the coasts in time of war.

GARDE-feux, powder-chests, or cartridge-chests.

GARDE de la marine, a midshipman, or naval cadet.

GARDE-magasin, an officer similar to the store-keeper of a dock-yard.

GARDE-ménagerie, a ship’s poulterer, a person who takes care of the beasts, fowls, &c. in a ship.

GARDER un vaisseau, to dog, pursue, or watch the motion of an enemy’s ship, so as to prevent her from escaping: also to guard and protect a ship.

GARDIEN de la fosse à lion, the boatswain’s yeoman.

GARDIENNERIE, or CHAMBRE des canoniers, the gun-room. See SAINTE-BARBE.

GARDIENS, matelots-GARDIENS, the ordinary men of a dock-yard, under the command of the master attendant.

GARES, certain small docks or retreats, formed on the side of a narrow canal, to contain boats, that others may pass the more easily.

GARGOUSSE, or GARGOUCHE, the cartridge of a cannon or other fire-arm.

GARGOUSSIERES, a cartridge-box, or cartouch-box, for small arms.

GARITTES, the top-brims, or top-rims.

GARNIR, or rather GRÉER. See GRÉER.

GARNIR le cabestan, to rig the capstern, by fixing the viols, bars, pins, and swifter, to be ready for heaving.

GARNITURE, the standing, and running-rigging of a ship, together with the services of the yards.

GATTE, the manger of a ship.

GAVITEAU, a buoy, in the dialect of Provence. See BOUÉE.

GENOU de la rame, the loom of an oar.

GENOUX de fond, the lower futtocks of the timbers.

GENOUX de porques, the lower futtock-riders.

GENS de l’équipage. See EQUIPAGE.

GENS de mer, a general name for mariners.

GENS du munitionnaire, the steward’s crew or assistants.

GERSEAU, a block-strop. See ESTROPE.

GIBELOT, the standard which fastens the cut-water to the stem; called also, and more properly, COURBE capucine.

GINDANT. See GUINDANT.

GIROUETTES, vanes of the mast-head.

GIROUETTES quarées, very broad vanes.

GISSEMENT, the bearings of coasts or latitudes, with respect to each other, or to some distant object.

GIST. See the preceding article.

GLAÇONS, or bancs de glace, flakes, or islands of ice.

GOLFE, a gulf of the sea, as of Mexico, of Lyons, &c.

GONDS, the gudgeons by which the rudder is hung to the stern-post. See FERRURE de gouvernail.

GONDOLE, a gondola of Venice.

GONDOLIERS, the master and crew of a gondola.

GONNE, a sea-cask somewhat larger than a barrel.

GORET, GORRET, a hog, or large brush to scrub the ship’s bottom under water.

GORETER, to hog a vessel, to apply the hog.

GORGERE, ou TAILLEMER, the foremost and lowest part of the cut-water, or knee of the head.

GOUDRON, or GOUDRAN, tar.

GOUDRONNER, to tar a ship, or pay her sides with tar.

GOUFFRE, a gulf, race, or whirlpool; as the race of Portland, &c.

GOUJURE, the notch or channel cut round the outside of a block or dead-eye, to receive the strop or rope which is fixed therein.

GOUJURE de chouquet, the hole on a cap, through which the haliards of a sail is sometimes reeved.

GOULET, the strait entrance of a harbour.

GOUPILLE, the forelock of a bolt. See CLAVETTE.

GOURDIN, a cobbing-board, used to punish the slaves in the gallies.

GOURMETTE, a ship-boy, servant, or apprentice, in the dialect of Provence; also a watchman appointed by the merchants to take care of the goods in a lighter till they are shipped or landed.

GOURNABLES, tree-nails.

GOURNABLER un vaisseau, to drive the tree-nails into a ship’s sides.

GOUTIERE, or TIRE-POINT, the water ways of the decks.

GOUVERNAIL, the helm or rudder of a ship.

GOUVERNE ou tu as le cap, ou à tel air de vent, thus boy, thus! or, steddy as you go! the order to steer the ship exactly as she stems, or carries her head.

GOUVERNEMENT, the navigation or steerage of a ship.

GOUVERNER, to steer a ship or boat.

GOUVERNER au nord, to steer northward.

GOUVERNEUR, ou TIMONNIER, the helmsman, the steersman.

GRAIN de vent, a sudden squall of wind or rain, or of both.

GRAIN pesant, a heavy or violent squall.

GRAND mât, the main-mast of a ship or boat.

GRAPPIN, a grappling or grapnel.

GRAPPIN à main, ou GRAPPIN d’abordage, a fire-grappling, or grappling of the yard-arm.

GRAPPINER, to warp a vessel towards a flake of ice, by grapplings and ropes.

GRAS de mer, discoloured water at the mouth of a river, &c.

GRASSE-bouline. See BOULINE.

GRATTER un vaisseau, to scrape a ship; whence,

GRATOIR, a scraper.

GRAVE, a platform of flints, &c. whereon to dry fish in Newfoundland.

GRÉEMENT, a general name for the rigging, comprehending also the masts, yards, and the sails when they are bent.

GRÉER, to rig a ship, or fit her with rigging, blocks, yards, sails, &c.

GRELIN, a hauser, or stream-cable.

GRENADE à main, a grenade of iron or glass.

GRENIER, the floor-cieling of a ship, or a cieling which reaches only from the kelson to the floor-heads.

Charger en GRENIER. See CHARGER, &c.

GREVE, a flat, low, and sandy shore.

GRIBANE, a small vessel navigated on the coast of Normandy, and carrying a main-mast and fore-mast, without any tops.

GRIGNON, sea-bread called rusks, common in Holland and Denmark.

GRIP, a small vessel resembling a schooner or shallop.

GROS d’un vaisseau, the breadth, or extreme breadth of a ship.

GROS temps, a hard gale of wind, blowing weather, foul or squally weather.

GROSSE avanture, bottomry.

GRUE, a crane with a wheel, used on wharfs and keys.

GUÉRLANDES. See GUIRLANDE.

GUET de la mer. See GARDE des côtes.

GUI, the main-boom of a sloop; also the fore-boom of a schooner.

GUINDAGE, the act of hoisting with tackles in general, but more particularly with regard to the lading or unlading a ship; also the money paid to those who are employed in such exercises.

GUINDAGES likewise imply the tackles, and other machines used in lading, &c.

GUINDANT d’un pavillon, the hoist or height of an ensign or flag.

GUINDAS, the windlass. See VIREVAUT.

GUINDER, to sway up a top-mast.

GUINDERESSE, a top-rope, used to sway up, or lower the top-mast.

GUIRLANDES, the breast-hooks in a ship’s bow.

GUISPON, a brush used to pay the ship’s bottom with soap, tar, &c.

GUITERNE, a prop or shoar to support the sheers which are employed to mast a ship, or take out her masts.

GUITRAN, a sort of bitumen, or pitch, used to pay a ship’s bottom.

GUMES, or GUMERES, a general name given in Provence to all large ropes; as hausers, cables, &c.

H.

HABIT de bord, sea-cloaths, as jackets, trowsers, &c.

HABITACLE, the binacle.

HACHE coignée, an ax or hatchet, used by ship-wrights, &c.

HACHE d’armes, a pole-axe or battle-axe, used for boarding an enemy’s ship.

HACHER, to hew or chop with an axe.

HALAGE, the tracking or towing a ship from one place to another.

HALE à-bord, the boat rope, or guess-rope of a boat’s moorings.

HALE-bas, a down-haul, or down-haul tackle.

HALE-bouline, a fresh-water sailor.

HALER, to haul or pull upon any rope.

HALER le vent, to haul the wind, or come nearer to its direction.

HALER à la cordelle, to warp a ship from one place to another.

HALEUR, a person who tracks a boat by a rope reaching ashore and fastened round his waist.

HAMAC, a hammoc.

HANCHE, the quarter of a ship.

HANGARD, a shed or store house in a dock-yard, wherein the masts and pieces of timber are covered from the weather, and ranged in order.

HANSIERE. See AUSSIERE.

HARPIN, a boat-hook. See CROC.

HARPON, a harpoon, used for striking whales.

HARPONNEUR, an harponeer, who strikes the whale.

HARPONS, are also sharp cutting-hooks, lashed to the yard-arms to destroy the enemies rigging, in the act of boarding.

HAUBAN de voile d’etai, the guy of a lower-studding-sail-boom, or of the main-boom of a brig, sloop, or schooner.

HAUBANER, to fasten the stay of a gin, triangle, or such sort of machine, to a stake or peg.

HAUBANS, the shrouds of the masts.

HAUBANS de beaupré, the standing-lifts of the sprit-sail-yard.

HAUBANS de chaloupe, the gripes or lashings of the boats, by which they are fastened to the decks at sea.

HAVRE, an haven, or harbour.

HAVRE-brut, an harbour formed by nature.

HAVRE de toutes marées, a port accessible at any time of the tide.

HAUSSER un vaisseau, to raise a distant ship by approaching her gradually in chace.

HAUSSIERE. See AUSSIERE.

HAUT & bas, the order to the men at the pump to take long strokes, which will not so readily fatigue them as the short ones, which are quicker.

HAUT-pendu, a small cloud charged with a heavy squall.

HAUTE-mer, the offing.

Vaisseau en HAUTE-mer, a ship in the offing.

HAUTE-marée, le vif de l’eau, pleine-marée, high-water, a spring-tide, a spring-flood.

HAUTE-somme, contingent-money, expended on account of any extraordinary charges.

HAUTES-voiles, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.

HAUTEUR, ou LATITUDE, the distance of any place in degrees, from the equinoctal. See LATITUDE.

HAUTEUR de l’étambot, the height of the stern-post.

HAUTEUR de l’étrave, the height of the stem.

HAUTEUR entre deux ponts, the height between decks.

HAUTS d’un vaisseau, the heights or eminences of a ship.

Mettre les mâts de hune HAUTS, to sway up the top-masts, to get the top-masts an end.

HAUTURIER, or pilote-HAUTURIER, a pilot who directs the ship’s course by celestial observations.

HAYE, HAIE, a ridge of rocks, a chain of rocks under water, or near the surface of the water.

HEAUME, the tiller, or bar of the helm in small vessels.

HELER un vaisseau, to hail or accost a ship at a distance.

HERPE de plat-bord, the harping on each side of the bow.

HERPES de poulaine, rails of the head, stretching from beneath the cat-head towards the cut-water. See Lisses de POULAINE.

HERPES marines, a general name for whatever is thrown upon the sea-coasts of value, as coral, amber, &c.

HERSE de poulie. See ESTROPE.

HERSES d’affut. See ERSES.

HERSILIERES, certain knees placed horizontally on the quarters or bows of a ship, close to the gunnel.

HEU, a large hoy, or sailing lighter.

HEUSE, the spear of a pump, together with its box.

HILOIRES. See ILLOIRES.

HISSE, HISSE, hoist away! hoist heartily!

HISSER, ISSER, to hoist or pull up any thing by a tackle.

HISSER en douceur, to hoist handsomely, or gradually.

HIVERNER, to winter, or lie up in a port during the winter season.

HOIRIN. See ORIN.

HOLA, hoa the ship a hoy! an acclamation to hail or accost a ship at a distance.

HOLA-HO, a cry which answers to yoe-hoe.

HOMME, a name frequently given as a token of distinction to an able or expert seaman.

HONNEUR, fair honneur, to give a good birth to, to keep aloof, or at a distance from; as a rock, or shoal, or some other ship,

HOPITAL, an hospital-ship, that attends on a fleet to receive the sick.

HORIZON, the horizon.

HORIZON fin, a clear horizon.

HORIZON gras, ou embrumé, a cloudy horizon.

HORLOGE, an half-hour glass for regulating the watch.

HOUACHE, or SILLAGE, the wake or track of a ship in the sea, made by her passage through it.

HOUCRE. See HOURQUE.

HOULES, ou lames de mer, the waves of a swelling or breaking sea.

HOULEUX, a rolling and turbulent sea.

HOUPÉE, the rise or swell of a wave.

Prendre la HOUPÉE, to watch the swell, as in mounting from a boat into a ship, when the boat rises.

HOURAGAN. See OURAGAN.

HOURSE, or OURCE, the vangs of a mizen-gaff or yard.

HOURDI. See Lisse de HOURDI.

HOURQUE, a Dutch howker, a particular sort of hoy.

HOUVARI, a strong land-wind in the West-Indies, accompanied with rain, thunder, and lightning.

HUCHE, a ship with a high poop, stern, or round-house, on the quarter-deck, as a Dutch flight.

HUNE, the top.

HUNES de perroquet, the top-mast cross-trees.

HUNIER, a top-sail.

Le grand HUNIER, the main-top-sail.

Le petit HUNIER, the fore-top-sail.

Avoir les HUNIERS à mi-mât, to have the top-sails half-mast up.

Avoir les HUNIERS dehors, to have the top-sails set.

Mettre le vent sur les HUNIERS, to brace the top-sails to the wind, or to lay them a-back on the mast.

Amener les HUNIERS sur le ton, to lower the top sails down upon the cap.

HUTTER, to lower the lower yards down a port-last, and peek them up so as to hold less wind, when a ship rides at anchor in a storm.

HYDROGRAPHE, an hydrographer, employed by the state to teach navigation in the sea-ports.

J.

JAC, or JACHT. See YACHT.

JACQ. See PAVILLON.

JALOUX, a name given in Provence to the quality of rolling violently at sea; or of being crank.

JAMBES de hune. See GAMBES de hune.

JARDEN, a name sometimes given to the gallery or balcony of a ship.

JARLOT, the rabbit, or channel, cut in the stem afore, and in the stern-post abaft, &c. and into the keel, to receive the ends or edges of the planks which cover the timbers.

JAS, or JOUAILS d’ancre, the anchor-stock, or the two pieces of which it is composed.

JATTE, the manger. See GATTE.

JAVEAU, a bank, or small island, formed in a river by a mass of gravel or mud.

JAUGE, the tonnage or burthen of a vessel.

JAUGER, to measure, or take the dimensions of a ship, in order to discover her tonnage, or the space contained in her hold, &c.

JAUMIÉRE, the hole in a ship’s counter or stern, which contains the rudder-head, and in which it is turned by the tiller; the lower part of it is usually covered with a piece of tarred canvas nailed to the rudder, to prevent the entrance of water.

JET de voiles, a complete suit of sails for all the masts, yards, stays, &c.

JET also implies any part of the cargo, &c. thrown over-board in a storm.

Faire le JET, to throw over-board the cargo, or any part of it, in a dangerous storm, in order to lighten the vessel, so as to prevent shipwreck or foundering; on which occasion the master usually draws up a protest against the weather, &c. on his arrival in port.

JETTÉE, a pier, or mole-head, formed by a heap of stones sunk at, or near, the entrance of a harbour. Also a great wharf or key.

JETTER à la mer, to throw any thing over-board.

JETTER dehors le fond du hunier, to foot the top-sail out of the top.

JETTER du bled, ou autres grains à la bande, to trim the corn, salt, or such like materials, to the other side of the ship, on any particular occasion.

JETTER l’ancre, to let go the anchor, to drop anchor.

JETTER la sonde, ou le plomb, to sound, or heave the lead.

JETTER un navire sur un banc, ou sur un rocher, ou à la côte, to run a ship ashore, upon a bank, rock, or coast, to avoid an enemy.

JEU du governail, the play of the helm or rudder.

ILLOIRES, two ranges of planks running fore and aft in a French ship, for the whole length of the deck on each side of the hatches, in the same place where the carlings are in an English ship of war.

INCOMMODÉ, disabled by the loss of masts, sails, or rigging. See DÉSEMPARÉ.

INGÉNIEUR de la marine, an officer who conducts the fortifications of a sea-port, either for attack or defence; also a person employed to survey coasts, draw sea-charts, and teach the theory of navigation.

INONDER, to overflow a country by an inundation of the sea.

INSPECTEUR des constructions, an officer whose duty is nearly similar to that of our surveyors of the navy.

INTENDANT de marine, an officer who, by his duty and authority, resembles our resident-commissioner of a dock-yard. See COMMISSAIRE generál de la marine, who is his deputy, and where his office is fully explained.

INTENDANT des armées navales, an officer appointed to regulate the justice, police, and finances of a naval armament.

INTENDANT général de la marine, a commissioner-general of all the royal dock-yards and ports of the kingdom.

INTERLOPRES, smugglers, or contraband traders.

INTÉRRESSÉS. See CHARGEURS.

INVESTIR, to touch or stop at any port in a voyage, also to be driven into a road or harbour.

JOL, a Danish yawl.

JONCTION de deux flotes, ou de deux armées navales, the conjunction of two fleets of ships of war, or merchantmen.

JONQUE, a Chinese junk.

JOTTES, the fore-part of a ship’s bow, contained between the cat-head and the stem.

JOTTEREAUX, the cheeks of the head, or knees which are fastened to the cutwater, and to the bows, on each side of a ship’s stem.

JOTTEREAUX de mât, the cheeks of the mast.

JOUER le gouvernail, to play the helm, or traverse it from side to side in light winds.

JOUER, to fetch way; as,

Le mât JOUE, the mast fetches way.

JOUES de virevaut, the cheeks of the windlass.

JOUETS, certain clamps, or plates of iron, used to prevent the bolt-heads from cutting the timber into which they are driven; as,

JOUETS de pompe, the iron clamps nailed on the cheeks or ears of the pump, through which the bolts are thrust.

JOUETS de sep de drisse, plates of iron nailed on the sep de drisse, to preserve it from the iron pins of the jear-block.

JOUR, a light-port; also the interval left between two pieces of timber, to prevent them from chafing each other.

JOURS. See SEJOURS.

ISLES d’avau le vent, the Leeward Islands of the West Indies.

Isles du vent, the Windward Islands of the West Indies.

ISSAS. See DRISSE.

ISSER. See HISSER.

ISSONS, thick white ropes, used as jears to the lower yards.

ISSOP, or ISOP, hoist away! sway away! the order to hoist up any thing.

ITAQUE, the tye of any yard, to whose lower-end the haliards are fastened; but more particularly a top-sail tye.

ITAQUE de palan, the runner of a tackle.

JUMELLER un mât, to fish a mast, or fasten fishes upon it.

JUMELLES, the fishes of the lower mast.

JUSSANT, the ebb-tide.

L.

LABOURER, to raise, or harrow the surface of the ground with the ship’s keel, in passing over a shallow.

L’ancre LABOURE, the anchor comes home, shifts, or loosens from its hold.

LAC, a great lake of fresh water.

LAGAN. See CHOSES de la mer.

LAGON, a sort of bay.

LAGUE d’un vaisseau, the path, tract, or way of a ship, either before or behind her. See SILLAGE.

LAISSES & relais, a sort of bank thrown up by the waves of the sea, upon any coast.

LAMANAGE, coasting-pilotage, or the act of piloting a vessel into or out of any harbour or river.

LAMANEUR, a harbour or river-pilot.

LAMES de la mer, the waves or billows of the sea.

La LAME vient de l’avant, the sea comes a-head.

La LAME vient de l’arriere, the sea comes a-stern, the sea follows the ship.

La LAME prend par le travers, the sea strikes the ship upon the broad-side; expressed of a ship when she lies in the trough of the sea.

Courir au devant de la LAME, to scud before the sea.

LAMPES d’habitacle, the lamps of the binacle.

LAMPION, a small lamp, used to enter the ship’s magazine.

LANCER, to sheer or yaw to the starboard or larboard side of the course, by the negligence or incapacity of the steersman.

LANCER un vaisseau à l’eau, to launch a ship from the stocks into the water.

LANCER une manœuvre, to belay a rope to a cleat, or timber-head.

LANGUE de voile, the goaring of a sail, or that part which is next to the leech.

LANTERNE à gargousses, a cartridge-case, to carry the cartridges, from the ship’s magazine to the artillery, in the time of battle.

LANTERNE à mitrailles, a case, box, or canister, filled with case-shot, or langrage, wherewith to charge a cannon.

LANTIONE, a sort of row-galley, navigated on the coast of China.

LARDER la bonêtte. See BONETTE lardée.

Au LARGE! sheer off! the order given by the centinel on a ship’s gangway to any adjacent boat, to keep aloof.

Courir au LARGE! se mettre au LARGE, to stand off to sea; to bear out from the coast towards the offing.

LARGUE, the offing, sea-room, out at sea.

Vent LARGUE, a large, or quartering wind.

LARGUER, to relax, or loosen, expressed of a ship that strains violently in a high sea, so as to open in several places.

LARGUER une amarre, to cast off, or let go a belayed rope.

LASSER, or LACER une voile, to reef a course with a reef-line.

LATINE, voile LATINE, a lateen sail.

LATITUDE, latitude.

LATTES à baux, the ledges placed between the beams.

LATTES de caillebotis, the battens or laths of the gratings.

LATTES de galere, a sort of broad thin beams, used to support the decks of a gallery.

LAZARET, a lazaretto, or building to receive persons while performing quarentine, &c.

LÉ, the fair way of a channel, harbour, or river.

LEBESCHE, the south-west wind, in the dialect of Provence.

LEGE, light, without a cargo of any kind; understood also of a ship which is not sufficiently ballasted.

LEST, a general name for any sort of ballast.

LEST bon, or bon LEST, good ballast, or ballast which lies firmly in the hold, without disordering the pumps; as shingle, gravel, &c.

LEST de plongeurs, a weight used by the divers in the coral-fishery: it is fastened securely to their waists, to balance them in the water, and keep them steady, so as to traverse the waves easily, without being tossed about.

LEST gros, or gros LEST, heavy ballast, composed of large stones, or pigs of iron.

LEST lavé, washed shingle ballast.

LEST mauvais, bad ballast, as sand, salt, &c.

Le LEST roule, the ballast shifts.

Voiles à LEST, port-sails, or pieces of canvas depending, from the port-hole of the ship into which the ballast is thrown, to the side of the ballast-lighter, to prevent the ballast from falling into the water.

LESTAGE, the ballasting of a ship, or furnishing her with ballast.

LESTER, to ballast a vessel, or furnish her with ballast.

LESTEUR, a ballast-lighter.

LETTRES de reprisailles, letters of mart.

LETTRE de mer, a passport.

LEVÉE, a swelling sea.

Il y a de la LEVÉE, the sea rises, there is a broken or boiling sea.

LEVE-rame, unship the oars! the order to the rowers to lay in their oars.

LEVER l’amure, to tack, or shift the tack, to put about.

LEVER l’ancre, to weigh the anchor.

LEVER l’ancre avec la chaloupe, to weigh the anchor by the buoy-rope in the long-boat. See ANCRE.

LEVER l’ancre d’affourche avec le navire. See LEVER l’ancre, &c.

LEVER la fourrure du cable, to take the plat, or other service, off from the cable.

LEVER le lof de grand voile, to haul up the weather clew-garnet of the main-sail.

LEVER les terres, to survey the coasts, in order to draw a chart thereof.

LEVER un objet avec la boussole, to set a distant object by the compass to discover its bearing.

LEVIER, a lever formed of a handspike or crow.

LEVIER à croc, a clawed-handspike.

LIAISON, the connecting or fastening together the several members or pieces of timber of which a ship is composed.

LIBOURET, a line or snare for fishing of mackarel.

LIEN de fer, an iron hoop used on several occasions in ship-building.

LIEN du governail, the iron hoop which encircles the head of the rudder above the mortise of the tiller, to strengthen it in that place.

LIEU, a league, or measure of three miles, common in navigation.

LIEURES, the lower futtocks of a boat. See GENOUX.

LIEUTENANT-amiral. See VICE-AMIRAL.

LIEUTENANT-général des armées navales, a rear admiral in the French navy.

LIEUTENANT de vaisseau, the lieutenant of a ship of war.

LIGNE, a line of battle.

Marcher en LIGNE, to sail in a line.

LIGNE d’eau, a water-line.

LIGNE d’eau du vaisseau chargé, the load-water line.

Vaisseau percé d’un coup de canon, à la LIGNE de l’eau, or à fleur-d’eau, a ship which has received a shot between wind and water.

LIGNE de fond, a sounding-line, or lead-line.

LIGNE du fort, the extreme breadth of a ship.

LIGNES, small cords or lines, used on several occasions at sea.

LIGNES d’amarrage, seisings, or lashings; also the cable-bends.

LINGUET, the pawl of a capstern.

LIOUBE, the scarf by which a jury-mast is attached to the stump of a mast that has been carried away.

LISSE, or CARREAU, a name sometimes, but improperly, given to the wales in general: it is only applied with propriety to the upper ones, known by the name of rails, and to the wing-transom. See CEINTES.

LISSE de hourdi, the wing-transom.

LISSE de la rabbatue, the sheer-rail, or drift-rail.

LISSE du plat-bord, the waist-rail.

LISSE de pont. See BARRE du pont.

LISSES de porte-aubans, the channel-rails.

LIT, the bed or channel in which a river runs.

LIT de marée, a tide-way, a part in the seas where a current flows, or where there is a flux and reflux of the tide.

LIT du vent, the source or direction of the wind.

LIURE, the gammoning of the bowsprit.

LIVRE à livre, a phrase which implies a participation of gain or loss of every owner of a ship’s cargo, in proportion to his share.

LOCH, or LOK, a log and line.

LOF, the weather-side of a ship, or that which is to windward of the masts.

Aller à LOF, to sail close to the wind.

Bouter le LOF, to trim all sharp, to spring the luff.

Etre au LOF, to be upon a wind, or close-hauled.

Tenir le LOF, to keep the wind, or weather-gage of, to keep to windward of.

LOF au lof, luff boy, luff! the order to steer the ship close to the wind.

LOF tout, put the helm a-lee!

LOF pour lof, hard a-weather! the order to the helmsman to veer, or wear, and bring the wind on the other side of the ship.

LOF is also the weather-clue of a sail; hence,

Léve le LOF de la grand voile, or léve le grand LOF! haul up the weather-clue of the main-sail!

LOGE, the birth or cabin of an inferior officer.

LOIER, the wages or pay of a seaman.

LONGIS, the tressel-trees of the tops, &c.

LONGUEUR de la quille, portant sur terre, the length of the keel upon a right line.

LONGUEUR de l’étrave à l’étambord, the length of a ship at the height of the stem, or the distance between the top of the stem and the top of the stern-post.

LONGUEUR du cable, a measure of 120 fathoms, usually called a cable’s length at sea.

LOQUETS d’écoutilles, the hoops or clasps of the scuttles.

LOVER, or ROUER, to coil away a cable. See ROUER.

LOUVOYER, to ply to windward.

LOUVOYER sur onze pointes, to lie up, within eleven points of the other tack, or to fall five points and a half from the wind.

En LOUVOIANT le vaisseau panche sur le côté, to heel greatly, or incline to one side, as the ship sails upon a wind.

LOXODROMIE, an oblique course in navigation, or a course which crosses the meridians at equal and oblique angles.

LOXODROMIQUES, tables of difference of latitude and departure.

LUMIERE du canon, the touch-hole of a cannon.

LUMIERE de pompe, the hole in the side of a pump, through which the water is discharged upon the deck, or into the pump-dale.

LUNETTE d’approche, ou de long vue, a telescope, or perspective-glass.

LUZIN, a small line called housing, or house-line.

M.

MACHEMOURE, bread dust, formed of rusk, or broken biscuit.

MACHINE à mater, the sheers of a sheer-hulk, or other machine for masting a ship.

MACLES, nettings of the quarters or sides of a ship.

MAESTRALISER, a name given to the west-variation of the magnetical needle, in the Mediterranean.

MAGASIN général, a store-house, or magazine, to contain naval stores in a dock-yard.

MAGASIN particulier, a store-house which contains the rigging and cordage used for the king’s ships, magazines, &c.

MAGASINS, the store-ships which attend on a fleet of men of war.

MAHONNE, a sort of Turkish galeasse.

MAILLE, the keys or buttons by which a bonnet is fastened to its sail.

MAILLES, the intervals, or spaces, left between a ship’s timbers.

MAILLET de calfas, a calking mallet.

MAILLETAGE, the sheathing of a ship’s bottom with scupper-nails.

MAIN avant, the order to pull on a rope hand over hand.

MAJOR, an officer who has the charge of mounting, regulating, and relieving the marine guard, in a ship, &c.

MAITRE-canonnier, the master-gunner of a ship.

Second MAÎTRE-canonnier, the gunner’s mate.

MAÎTRE de chaloupe, the coxswain, or patroon of the long-boat.

MAÎTRE de l’équipage, or MAÎTRE entretenu dans le port, an officer whose duty resembles that of our master-attendant in a dock-yard; inasmuch as he has charge of whatever relates to the equipping, mooring, or securing of ships; as well with regard to rigging, arming, and fitting them for sea, as to the careening and floating them out of the docks.

MAÎTRE de grave, a person appointed to take care of the salt cod, when drying upon the stakes at Newfoundland.

MAÎTRE de hache. See CHARPENTIER.

MAÎTRE-mateur, the master mast-maker.

MAÎTRE des ponts & des pertuis, a master wherry-man, or waterman, whose office it is to conduct the craft of a harbour through bridges, or in any dangerous place.

MAÎTRE de ports, an harbour-master, or officer, appointed to take care of a port, and its booms, and places of anchorage; to arrange the shipping conveniently therein, and regulate their moorings with regard to each other: he has also the command of the ordinary-men employed about the rigging, careening, &c.

MAÎTRE de ports, is also an officer resembling our tide-surveyors of the customs in an out-port.

MAÎTRE de quai, a principal wharf-master, or officer, appointed to regulate the affairs of wharfs and keys, and the shipping moored along-side thereof; to see that the fires are extinguished at night, and that no fires be made in any ship or boat during the night; to appoint the proper places for ballasting and unballasting vessels; as also for careening, caulking, and repairing them, and tarring their rigging; to place the light-houses, beacons, and buoys, where necessary; to examine once a month, and after every storm, the usual channels of passage for shipping, to see whether the ground has not shifted.

MAÎTRE de vaisseau, or CAPITAINE, the master, or commander of a merchant-ship.

MAÎTRE de vaisseau de guerre, the master of a ship of war.

MAÎTRE-valet, the ship’s steward.

MAL de mer, sea-sickness.

MALEBESTE, malebéte, or petarasse. See PETARASSE.

MALINE, a spring-tide.

MAL-sain, foul ground, bad anchor-ground.

MANCHE, a great channel; as, la MANCHE Britannique, the English channel; la MANCHE de Bristol, the channel of Bristol, &c.

MANCHE à eau, ou MANCHE pour l’eau, a canvass or leathern hoase, to convey water from the deck, into the casks which are stowed in the hold.

MANCHE de pompe, the pump-hoase.

MANEAGE, a name given to those employments, or labours, for which the crew of a ship can demand no additional pay of the merchant; such are the lading a ship with planks, timber, or green, or dried fish.

MANEGE du navire, the general trim of a ship, with regard to the situation of the masts, of the center of gravity, of the sails; and to the efforts of the wind and sea.

La lune à MANGÉ, la lune MANGERA, the moon has eat them up, or will eat them up; understood of the clouds: a cant phrase, usual amongst common sailors, to express the dissipation of the clouds on the rising of the moon.

Etre MANGÉ par la mer, to be in the hollow or trough of a high sea, which often breaks aboard.

MANGER du sable, to flog the glass, or cheat the glass; expressed of the steersman, who turns the watch-glasses before they have run out, to shorten the period of his watch.

Tems MANIABLE, moderate weather, and wind favourable for sea.

MANIVELLE. See MANUELLE.

MANNE, a sort of hand-basket, used on several occasions in a ship.

MANŒUVRE, the working of a ship, or the direction of her movements, by the power of the helm, and the disposition of the sails to the wind.

MANOEUVRE basse, the work or employment which may be performed upon deck, by the effort of the ropes upon the sails and yards.

MANOEUVRE fine, a dextrous management of the ship in working her.

MANOEUVRE grosse, heavy and laborious work in a ship; as the embarkation of the artillery and cables, and stowing of the anchors.

MANOEUVRE hardie, a difficult or dangerous undertaking in a ship.

MANOEUVRE haute, the employment of the sailors in the tops, at the mast-heads, and upon the yards.

MANOEUVRE tortue, a lubberly or aukward manner of working a ship.

MANOEUVRER, to work a ship, or direct the movements of a fleet.

MANŒUVRES, a general name given to the rigging, sails, blocks, and cordage of a ship: but more particularly to the standing and running ropes.

MANOEUVRES à queue de rat, ropes which taper to the end; as the main and fore-tacks.

MANOEUVRES en bande, slack ropes which are unemployed.

MANOEUVRES-majors, a name usually given to the largest ropes in a ship; as the ground-tackling, and the principal stays.

MANOEUVRES passees à contre, ropes leading forward; as those of the mizen-mast.

MANOEUVRES passées a tour, ropes leading aft.

MANŒUVRIER, an able or expert sea-officer; or one who is perfectly skilled in working a ship by every method of sailing.

MANQUER, to fly loose; understood of a rope which is broke, or loosened from the place where it was made fast, so as to be blown out to leeward, &c.

MANTEAUX, two folding-doors in a bulk-head.

MANTELETS, the covers of the ports in a ship’s side; called also ports in English, although improperly.

MANTURES, the rolling waves of the sea. See HOULES, LAMES, and Coup de MER.

MANUELLE, the whipstaff of a helm; an instrument which is now entirely disused.

MAQUILLEUR, a decked boat, used for the fishery of mackarel.

MARABOUT, a sail hoisted in the gallies in stormy weather.

MARAIS salans, salt pits on the sea coast, or reservoirs to contain sea-water, for the purpose of making salt.

MARANDER, a phrase of the common sailors in the channel, which implies to steer easily.

MARCHE-PIED, the horse of any yard.

MARCHE-PIED is also a space about three fathoms broad, left on the banks of a river, whereon to draw their boats ashore, &c.

MARCHER. See Ordre de MARCHE.

MARCHER dans les eaux d’un autre vaisseau, to sail in the wake or track of another ship; to follow another ship.

MARCHER en colonne, to sail in a line, or column.

MARÉAGE, the hire or pay of a sailor for any particular voyage.

MARÉES, the tides. See FLUX & reflux.

Mortes MARÉES, neap-tides, or dead-neap.

MARÉES qui portent au vent, a wind-tide, or tide which runs to windward.

MARÉES & contre-marées, tide and half-tide.

La MARÉE est haut, it is high-water.

MARÉE qui soutiennent, a tide which counteracts the wind, with regard to a ship’s course, enabling her to turn to windward better.

MARGOUILLET, a bull’s eye, or wooden traveller.

MARGUERITES, a name given to jiggers, or such sort of purchases, used to pull a rope with greater effort.

Faire-MARGUERITE, to clap a messenger on the cable when the anchor cannot be purchased by the voyal.

MARIN, a sea-faring man of any denomination.

MARINE, implies in general the knowledge of maritime affairs: also the persons employed in the sea-service, &c.

Gens de MARINE, seamen, fishermen, &c.

Officiers de MARINE, sea-officers.

MARINIER, a name generally given to sailors; but more particularly to lightermen.

MARITIME, marine: of, or belonging to, the sea.

Batteaux MARNOIS, a yacht, hoy, or smack, employed on the rivers of Marne and Seine.

MARQUES, the sea-marks observed by the pilots upon any coast; as mountains, spires, windmills, &c.

MARSILIANE, a square-sterned ship, navigated on the gulf of Venice, and along the coasts of Dalmatia. They are of several sizes; the largest carrying about 700 tons.

MARTEAU à dents, a claw-hammer used by ship-wrights.

MARTICLES, or lignes de trélingage, a crow-foot, or complicated span.

MARTICLES is also a name given by some to the furling-lines of small sails.

MARTINET, is properly the runner or tye which is fastened to the dead-eye of a crow-foot, used as a topping-lift for the mizen-yard.

MARTINET is also a general name for the haliards, or tail of a crow-foot.

MASCARET, a violent eddy of the tide.

MASLES, the pintles, by which the rudder is hung upon the stern-post. See FERRURE de gouvernail.

MASSE, a large iron maul, used by ship-wrights to drive the tree-nails and bolts into the ship’s side: also a very long tiller used in some lighters.

MASULIT, a sort of Indian boat, whose sides are composed of the bark of trees, and which are calked with moss.

MAT, a mast. The principal masts of a ship are,

Le grand MAT, the main-mast,

MAT de misaine, the fore-mast,

MAT d’artimon, the mizen-mast.

MAT d’un brin, a mast formed of one piece only; such are the bow-sprit and top-masts of all ships, and all the masts of a small vessel.

MAT forcé, a mast which, is sprung.

MAT jumellé, reclampé or renforcé, a mast which is fished in a weak place, or opposite to a spring.

MATS de rechange, spare top-masts, or masts in reserve.

Aller à MATS & à cordes, Mettre à MATS & à cordes, se mettre à sec, to try, or scud under bare poles.

MATS venus à bas, masts which are carried away.

MATS de hune hauts, to have the top-mast an end, or swayed up.

MATAFIONS, knittles, or small robands.

MATÉ en caravelle, fitted with pole top-masts.

MATÉ en chandelier, masted upright. Expressed of a ship whose masts are stayed so as neither to hang forward or aft.

MATÉ en frégate, the bent or inclination of the masts, when they rake forward, or stoop towards the head.

MATÉ en fourche, or à corne, masted for a boom and gaff; as a schooner or sloop.

MATÉ en galere, to be masted as a galley, with only two masts without any top-mast.

MATÉ en semaque, masted for a sprit which crosses the sail diagonally.

MATELOT, a sailor, or mariner; a man before the mast.

MATELOTAGE, the hire, wages, or pay of seamen.

Il est un bon MATELOT, he is an able seaman.

Vaisseau MATELOT, a good company-keeper, or a ship that sails well, and keeps her station in a fleet; also the ships, in a fleet of men of war, which are appointed seconds to the admirals or commanding officers.

MATELOTS-gardiens, the ordinary-men of a royal dock-yard, and its harbour or dock, including also the carpenters and calkers appointed to watch in the ships of war.

MATER, to fix or place the masts of a ship.

MATEREAU, a small mast, or end of a mast.

MATEUR, a mast-maker. See MAÎTRE-mateur.

MATURE, the art of masting ships; also a general name for the masts themselves.

La MATURE, the mast-shed, or the place where the masts are made.

MAY, a sort of trough bored full of holes, wherein to drain cordage, when it is newly tarred.

MAUGERES, or MAUGES, the scupper-holes.

MECHE, the match by which a cannon is fired.

MECHE de cabestan, the middle-piece, or body of the capstern.

MECHE de mât, the main or middle-piece of a lower-mast, which is composed of several pieces, as usual in many ships of war.

MECHE du gouvernail, the principal piece of a rudder.

MECHE d’une corde, the middle strand of a four stranded rope.

MEMBRES de vaisseau, the frames of a ship, or the pieces of which the ribs are composed, as floor-timbers, top-timbers, and futtocks.

MER, the sea; whence,

Pleine-MER, full sea.

Haute-MER, high water. See MARÉE.

MER sans fond, a part of the sea where there is no anchoring-ground.

La MER à perdu, the sea is fallen, it is falling-water.

La MER brise, the sea breaks, or foams, by striking a rock or shore.

La MER brûle, the sea burns, as in a dark and tempestuous night.

La MER est courte, the sea runs short, broken, or interrupted.

La MER est longue, the sea runs long and steddy, or without breaking.

La MER étale, the sea is smooth, as in a calm.

La MER mugit, the sea roars, as being turbulent.

La MER rapporte, the spring-tides have begun, or commenced.

La MER roule, the sea rolls.

La MER se creuse, the sea rises and runs cross.

La MER va chercher le vent, the wind rises against the sea.

Il y à de la MER, the sea runs high. When the violence of the waves are abated, they say, in a contrary sense, Il n’y à plus de MER.

Jetter à la MER, to throw overboard.

Mettre à la MER, or faire voiles, to put to sea, or set sail.

Tenir la MER, to keep the sea, or hold out in the offing.

Tirer à la MER. See BOUTER au large.

Recevoir un coup de MER, to ship a sea.

MERLIN, marline, or merline.

MERLINER une voile, to marle a sail to the foot-rope.

Arbre de MESTRE, the main-mast of a row-galley.

METTRE à bord, to bring, or carry aboard.

METTRE à la voile, to get under sail, to set sail.

METTRE un navire en rade, to carry a ship into any road.

METTRE à terre, to carry, or put ashore, to disembark.

METTRE la grande voile à l’échelle, to get the main-tack down with a passaree.

METTRE les basses voiles sur les cargues, to haul up the courses in the brails.

METTRE les voiles dedans, METTRE à sec, ou METTRE à mâts & à cordes, to take in, furl, or hand all the sails.

METTRE le linguet, to paul the capstern, or put in the paul.

METTRE un matelot à terre, to set ashore one of the crew, to turn adrift or maroon a sailor.

METTRE un ancre en place, to stow an anchor on the bow.

MEURTRIERES, ou JALOUSIES, the loop-holes in a ship’s sides or bulk-heads, through which they can fire musquetry on the enemy.

MI-mat. See HUNIER.

MINOT, boute-dehors, defense, the davit of a ship: also a fire-boom.

MINUTE, a nautical, or astronomical mile.

MIRE & coins de MIRE, the coins, or aiming wedges of a cannon.

Prendre sa MIRE, to take aim with a cannon, to level, or point a cannon, or other fire-arm, to its object.

MIRER, to loom, or appear indistinctly, as the land under a cloud on the sea-coast.

MIROIR. See ECUSSON.

MISAINE, the fore-mast.

MISAINE, or voile de MISAINE, the fore-sail.

MITRAILLES, langrage shot, or small pieces of iron, or old nails, with which cannon are sometimes charged in a sea-fight.

MODELE. See GABARIT.

MOIS de gages, the monthly pay, or wages of a sailor.

MOLE de port, a pier, or mole-head, raised across the mouth of a harbour, to break off the force of the sea.

MOLER en pouppe, ou poger, to bear away and bring the wind aft, in the dialect of Provence and Italy.

MOLLIR, une corde, to slacken, douse, or ease off a taught rope.

MONSON, or MOUSON, a monsoon, or trade-wind of India.

MONTANS de poulaine, the timbers of the head, or upright rails, which are usually ornamented with sculpture.

MONTANS de voute, the stern-timbers.

Le MONTANT de l’eau, or le flot, flowing water, the flood tide.

MONTÉ, mounted, or equipped with a certain number of guns, or men; as,

Vaisseau MONTÉ de 50 ou 60 canons, a ship mounting 50 or 60 guns.

Vaisseau MONTÉ de trois cent hommes, a ship manned with three hundred hands, or whose complement consists of three hundred.

MONTER le gouvernail, to hang the rudder.

MONTER au vent, to spring the luff, or haul the wind.

MONTURE, the arming a ship for war, or mounting her with cannon, and other fire-arms, and manning her.

MOQUE, a heart, or dead-eye of a stay.

MOQUE de civadiere, a sprit-sail-sheet block.

MOQUE de trélingage, the dead-eye of a crow-foot.

MORDRE, to bite, or hold fast; understood of the claw or flook of an anchor which is sunk in the ground.

MORNE, a name given in America to a cape or promontory.

MORTAISE, a hole or mortise, cut to receive the end of a piece of timber, called the tenant or tenon.

MORTAISE de gouvernail, the hole in the rudder-head which contains the tiller.

MORTAISE de poulie, the channel, or vacant space in a block formed to contain the sheave.

MORTAISE du mât de hune, the fid-hole of a top-mast.

MORTE-d’eau, or MORTE-eau, nip tides, or neap-tides; also dead low water.

MORTIER, a mortar, employed to throw bombs or carcases from a ketch.

MOUFFLE de poulie, the shell of a block. See ARCASSE.

MOUILLAGE, anchoring-ground.

Mauvais MOUILLAGE, foul ground, bad anchor-ground, or foul bottom.

MOUILLE, let go the anchor! the order to let the anchor fall from the cat-head to the bottom.

Bien-MOUILLÉ, well moored, or moored in a good birth and anchor-ground.

Vaisseau MOUILLÉ à un ancre de flot, & un ancre de jussant, a ship moored with one anchor to the flood, and another to the ebb.

Vaisseau MOUILLÉ entre vent & marée, a ship moored between wind and tide.

MOUILLER, or MOUILLER l’ancre, to let go the anchor, to come to an anchor, or simply, to anchor.

MOUILLER à la voile, to let go the anchor whilst the sails are yet abroad.

MOUILLER en croupiére, to moor with a spring upon the cable, in order to cannonade a fort, &c.

MOUILLER en patte d’oie, to moor with three anchors a-head, equally distant from each other, and appearing like the foot of a goose.

MOUILLER l’ancre de touei, to moor with the boat, or to carry out an anchor.

MOUILLER les voiles, to wet the sails; a practice usual in light winds.

MOUILLER par la quille, an ironical expression to signify that a ship is fast a-ground: Our seamen then say, every nail in her bottom is an anchor.

MOULINET, a small windlass, as that of a long-boat, or lanch.

MOULINET à bittord, a spun-yarn-winch.

MOURGON, a diver, in the dialect of Provence. See PLONGEUR.

MOUSSE, garçon be bord, a ship-boy; one of the prentices, or officers servants.

MOUTONNER, to foam; expressed of the waves in a tempest or turbulent sea.

MOYEN-parallel, the middle latitude in navigation, or the parallel that holds the middle place between the latitude departed from, and the latitude arrived in.

MULET, a sort of Portuguese vessel with three masts, and lateen sails.

MUNITIONAIRE, an agent-victualler, or a contractor for sea provisions.

Commis du MUNITIONAIRE. See COMMIS.

N.

NACELLE, a skiff, or small boat, without masts or sails, used to pass a river.

NAGE, the row-lock of a boat. See also AUTARELLE.

NAGE à bord, come aboard with the boat! the order given to the rowers in the longboat, to bring her aboard, or along-side.

NAGE à faire abattre, pull to leeward! the order to the rowers in a boat, to tow the ship’s head to leeward.

NAGE au vent, pull to windward, or tow the ship to windward!

NAGE de force, pull chearly in the boat! hooroa in the boat!

NAGE qui est paré, pull with the oars that are shipped.

NAGE sec, row dry! the order to row without wetting the passengers.

NAGE stribord, & scie bas-bord, pull the starboard-oars, and hold water with the larboard oars! the order given to turn the boat with her head to the left.

NAGER, RAMER, or VOGUER, to row, or pull with the oars, in a boat or small vessel.

NAGER à sec, to touch the shore with the oars in rowing.

NAGER tant d’avirons par bande, to row so many oars on a side.

NAGER de bout, to row standing, or with the face towards the boat’s head.

NAGER en arriere, to back a-stern with the oars.

NAGER la chaloupe à bord, to row the long-boat aboard.

NATES, mats used to line the sail-room, bread-room, or the hold when a ship is laden with corn, to preserve the contents.

NAVETTE, a small Indian vessel.

NAUFRAGE, shipwreck.

NAUFRAGÉ, shipwrecked.

NAVIGABLE, navigable, capable of navigation.

NAVIGATEUR, a mariner, or seaman.

NAVIGATION, the theory and practice of navigation.

NAVIGATION impropre, coasting, or sailing along shore.

NAVIGATION propre, the art of sailing by the laws of trigonometry. See PILOTAGE.

NAVIGER, to sail, or direct a ship’s course at sea.

NAVIGER par terre, or dans le terre, to be ashore by the dead-reckoning; to be a-head of the ship by estimation.

NAVIGER par un grand cercle, to sail upon the arch of a great circle.

NAVIRE, a ship. See also VAISSEAU.

Beau NAVIRE en rade, a good roader.

NEUVE, a sort of small flight, used by the Dutch in the herring-fishery, and resembling a buss. See BUCHE.

NEZ, the nose, beak, or head of a ship.

NOCHER, a name formerly given to a pilot.

NOCTURLABE, a nocturnal.

NOIALE. See TOILE.

NOIÉ, an epithet which answers to clouded, or indistinct; being expressed of an horizon, when it cannot be discovered by an observer, when taking an altitude.

NOIRCIR, to blacken, or daub with a mixture of tar and lamp-black; as the wales and black-strakes of a ship, the yards, cutwater, &c.

NOLIS, or NOLISSEMENT, a name given in Provence and the Levant to the freight or cargo of a ship.

NON-vue, no sight of, out of sight; a phrase which implies the fog or haze of the weather, that prevents a ship from discovering contiguous objects, as the shore, rocks, &c.

NORD, the north, or north point.

NORD-EST, the north-east.

NORD-EST quart à l’est, north-east by east.

NORD-ESTER, to vary towards the east; expressed of the east-variation of the compass.

NORD-OUESTER, to decline towards the west; spoken also of the magnetical needle.

NOYALE. See NOIALE.

NOYÉ. See NOIÉ.

NUAISON, a trade-wind, or the period of a monsoon.

O.

OCCIDENT, or OUEST, the west.

OCEAN, a name generally given in France, to the Western, or Atlantic Ocean.

OCTANT, the octant, or quadrant invented by Hadley.

OEIL, YEUX, ou TROUS, the holes in the clews of a sprit-sail to let out the water which falls into its cavity when the ship pitches.

OEIL de bœuf. See YEUX.

OEIL de bouc, a water-gall, or weather-gall.

OEIL de pie, or YEUX de pie, the eye-let holes wrought in the reef of a sail, through which the points are reeved.

OEIL de roue, the hole in the truck, or wheel of a gun-carriage, through which the axle passes.

OEILLET, an eye-splice on the end of any rope.

OEILLET d’étai, the eye of a stay which goes over the mast-head.

OEILLETS de la tournevire, the eyes in the two ends of a voyal, which are lashed together with a laniard when the voyal is brought to the capstern.

OEILS, the eyes, or hauses of a ship. See ECUBIERS.

OEUVRE-mortes, the dead-work of a ship, or all that part which is above water, comprehending the fore-castle, quarter deck, and poop.

OEUVRE vives, the quick-work, or all that part of a ship which is under water.

OEUVRES de marée, the graving, calking, or repairing a ship’s bottom, when, having been laid on the ground, the tide has ebbed from her, so as to leave the bottom dry.

OFFICIERS bleu. See BLEU.

OFFICIERS-généraux, the general officers in the French navy, as the admirals, vice-admirals, rear admirals, and commodores.

OFFICIERS de port, the officers of a dock-yard, appointed to see that the shipping are properly moored, masted, rigged, repaired, calked, and otherwise equipped with whatever is necessary, according to their destination.

OFFICIERS de santé, officers who superintend the affairs of the quarantine in a port.

OFFICIERS-majors, the superior, or commissioned officers in a ship of war, as the captain, lieutenants, and ensign.

OFFICIERS-mariniers, the mechanical or warrant-officers in a ship of war, of which the principal are, the master, boatswain, gunner, carpenter, and sail-maker; as distinguished from the military officers, called Officiers-majors. See the preceding article.

O! du navire, hola! hoa the ship, a hoay! the manner of hailing or calling to a ship whose name is not known.

O! du Soleil Royal hola! hoa, the Royal Sun ahoay!

O! d’en haut, yoa-hoa, aloft there! mast-head there! &c. the cry from the deck to those who are aloft, to attend to some order.

O! hisse, O! hale, O! saille, O! ride, the method of singing out, as a signal to hoist, haul, or rouse together, on a tackle or rope.

OINT, stuff, tallow, or such like material, used to pay the masts, tyes of the top-sail-yards, &c.

OLOFÉE, the act of spring the luff, or of hauling close upon a wind.

ORAGE. See TEMPETE.

ORDRE de bataille, the line or order of battle in a naval engagement.

ORDRE de marche, the order of sailing.

ORDRE de retraite, the order of retreat.

ORDRES des vaisseaux, the classes into which each rate of ships is subdivided, in the French navy. See RANG.

OREILLE de lievre, a three-sided, or triangular sail; as the stay-sails.

OREILLES de l’ancre, the broad parts of the fluke of an anchor.

ORGANEAU, the ring of an anchor. See ARGANEAU.

ORGUES, an organ, or machine, sometimes used in a sea-fight by privateers: it contains several barrels of musketoons, or small-arms, fixed upon one stock, so as to be all fired together.

ORIENTER les voiles, to trim the sails, or place them in the most advantageous manner, to receive the wind, and accelerate the ship’s course.

ORIN, the buoy-rope of an anchor.

ORSE, the larboard-side, in the dialect of Provence. Also the order to luff.

ORSER, to row against the wind, or row head-to-wind. This is likewise the language of the gallies.

ORTODROMIE, a course which lies upon a meridian or parallel.

OSSEC, the water-way, or well-room of a boat.

OSSIERES. See HAUSSIERES.

OUAGE, the track or wake of a ship. See HOUAICHE.

Tirer en OUAICHE, to take a ship in tow a-stern when she is disabled.

Trainer un pavillon ennemi en OUAICHE, to drag the colours or ensign of an enemy after the ship, so as to sweep the water therewith, as a sign of victory.

OVERLANDRES, small vessels navigated on the Rhine and Meuse.

OUEST, or OCCIDENT, the west point of the compass or horizon.

OUEST-nord-ouest, &c. See ROSE de vents.

OURAGAN, an hurricane.

OUVERT, etre ouvert, to have any object open in sailing past it; or to be opposite to any place, as a road, the entrance of a harbour, or river, &c.

OUVERTURE, an opening, or valley between two hills, beheld from the sea, and serving frequently as a land-mark.

OUVRIERS, the artificers, &c. in a dock-yard; or riggers of a ship.

OUVRIR, to open, or discover two objects separately at sea, when sailing at some distance from them.

P.

PACFI, ou PAFI, le grand PACFI, the main-course, or main-sail.

Le petit PACFI, ou PACFI de bourcet, the fore-course or fore-sail.

Etre aux deux PACFIS, to be under the courses.

PACIFIER, to become calm; also to fall, or grow smooth, when spoken of the sea.

PAGAIE, the paddle of a canoe.

PAGE de la chambre du capitaine, the cabin-boy.

PAGES. See MOUSSES & garçons.

PAILLES de bittes, long iron bolts thrust into holes in the bits, to keep the cable from starting off.

PAILLOT, the steward-room in a row-galley.

PAIS somme, a shoal or shallow.

PALAMANTE, a general name given to the oars of a row-galley; which are forty feet and six inches in length.

PALAN, a tackle of any kind. See ITAQUE and GARANT.

PALAN à caliorne, a three-fold tackle. See CALIORNE.

PALAN à candelette. See CANDELETTE.

PALAN d’amure, a tack-tackle.

PALAN d’etai, a stay-tackle.

PALAN de misaine, the fore-tackle.

Grand PALAN, the main tackle.

PALANQUE, the order to hoist, bowce, or set taught upon a tackle.

PALANQUER, to hoist, or bowce upon a tackle.

PALANQUIN, a jigger-tackle, tail-tackle, or burton.

PALANQUINS de ris, the reef-tackles.

PALANQUINS simples de racage, the nave-lines.

PALANS de bout, the sprit-sail haliards.

PALANS de canon. See DROSSE de canon, & PALAN de retraite.

PALANS de retraite, the relieving tackle, &c. of the ordnance.

PALARDEAUX, plugs made to stop holes in any part of a ship; as hause-plugs, shot-plugs, &c.

PALE, or PALME, the blade or wash of an oar.

PALÉAGE, the act of discharging any thing with shovels, baskets, &c. as corn, salt, or such like material; for which employment the ship’s crew can demand no additional pay. See also MANEAGE.

En PANNE, lying-by, or lying-to with some of the sails aback.

Mettre en PANNE, to lay a ship to, or turn the head to windward, in order to lie by with some of the sails laid to the mast.

PANNEAU, a scuttle, or cover of any hatchway in the deck.

PANNEAU à boîte, the cover of a scuttle, with a border round its edge.

PANNEAU à vassole, a great hatch, without a border.

Le grand PANNEAU, the main hatch.

PANTAQUIERES, or PANTOCHERES, the cat-harpings, and crane lines of the shrouds.

En PANTENNE, fluttering or shivering in great disorder; expressed of the sails, when out of trim, in a storm.

Amener les voiles en PANTENNE, to haul down the sails with the utmost expedition; as in a squall of wind.

PANTOIRES, pendants on the mast-heads or yard-arms, wherein to hook preventer-shrouds, or yard-tackles.

PAPIERS & enseignemens, the papers of a ship, comprehending the bills of lading, manifest, coquets, &c.

PAQUE-BOT, or PAQUET-BOT, a packet-boat, or packet-vessel; as those which pass between Dover and Calais, &c.

Faire la PARADE, to dress a ship, or to adorn her with a number of flags, pendants, and other colours, which are displayed from different parts of the masts, yards, and rigging.

PARADIS, or BASSIN, the basin of a dock, or an inner harbour.

PARAGE, a space of the sea appointed to cruise, or rendezvous in; also a part of the sea near any coast.

Vaisseau mouillé en PARAGE, a ship anchored in an open road, or in the offing.

PARC, an inclosure for containing the magazines and store-houses in a royal dock-yard.

PARC dans un vaisseau, a cot or pen, wherein cattle are inclosed in a ship.

PARCLOSSES, limber-boards.

PARCOURIR les coutures, to survey or examine the seams of a ship’s sides or decks, and caulk where it is found necessary.

PARÉ, ready, clear, or prepared for any thing.

PARE à virer, see all clear to go about! the order to prepare for tacking.

PAREAU, or PARRE, a sort of large bark in the Indies, whose head and stern are exactly alike, so that the rudder may be hung at either end.

PARER un cap, to double a cape. See DOUBLER.

PARER un ancre, to prepare the anchor for letting it go.

Se PARER, to clear for action, to prepare for battle.

PARFUMER un vaisseau, to smoke a ship, and sluice her with vinegar between decks, in order to purify her, and expel the putrified air.

PARQUET, a shot-locker on the deck; also a place where shot are kept on a gun-wharf. See EPITIÉ.

PARTAGER le vent, to share the wind with some other ship, or hold way with her, without gaining or losing ground, or without weathering, or falling to leeward.

PARTANCE, the time of departing, or sailing from a place; also a place from whence a ship departs.

Coup de PARTANCE, a signal-gun for sailing.

Banniere de PARTANCE, the signal displayed for sailing.

PAS, a strait or narrow channel, as

PAS de Calais, the Streights of Dover.

PASSAGERS, the passengers of a ship.

PASSE, a canal, channel, or small streight.

PASSE-port, a sea-pass or passport. See CONGÉ.

PASSER, to perish, or be lost at sea; as by over-setting, or foundering.

PASSER au vent d’un vaisseau, to pass to windward, or gain the wind of another ship.

PASSER sous le beaupré, to pass under the bowsprit. This phrase, which is usual amongst English as well as French seamen, implies to go a-head of, or before a ship, and cross her course.

PASSE-vogue, the effort of rowing briskly, or very hard.

PASSE-volant, a false muster on the ship’s books; also a wooden gun, which may terrify a ship at a distance. See FAUSSES-LANCES.

PATACHE, an armed tender, or vessel which attends a ship of war or fleet; also a packet-boat.

PATACHE d’avis, an advice-boat. See FRÉGATE d’avis.

PATARAS, a preventer-shroud; also a spare-shroud, to be hooked on occasionally.

PATARASSE, a calking iron.

PATRON, the master or commander of a merchant-ship, or boat, in the dialect of Provence.

PATRON de chaloupe, the cockswain, or coxen, of a long-boat.

PATTE d’oie. See MOUILLER en patte d’oie.

PATTES d’ancre, the flukes of an anchor.

PATTES d’anspects, the claws of a gunner’s handspike.

PATTES de bouline, the bowline bridles.

PATTES de voiles, the tabling of the sails at their edges or bolt-ropes.

PAVESADE, a quarter-cloth, or waist-cloth. See BASTINGAGE.

PAVILLON, the flag of a ship. Also a general name for colours.

PAVILLON de beaupré, the jack.

PAVILLON de chaloupe, the flag carried in a barge or long-boat, when a superior officer is aboard.

PAVILLON de combat, the signal for engagement.

PAVILLON de conseil, the signal for a general council.

PAVILLON de pouppe, or enseigne de pouppe, a ship’s ensign.

PAVILLON en Berne. See BERNE.

Baton de PAVILLON, the ensign staff, flag-staff, or jack-staff.

Vaisseau PAVILLON, or simply, PAVILLON, the flag-ship.

Amener le PAVILLON, to strike the flag or colours.

Etre sous un tel PAVILLON, to be under such a flag, or commanding officer.

Faire PAVILLON blanc, to display a flag of truce.

PAUMET, a sail-maker’s palm.

PAVOIS, or rather PAVESADE. See PAVESADE and BASTINGAGE.

PAVOISER, to spread the waist-cloths.

PAUSES, a sort of long and wide boats used to embark merchandise at Archangel, in Moscovy.

PECHER un ancre, to hook, and heave up from the bottom, another anchor, with that of the ship, when several anchors lie near to each other, as in a common road.

PEDAGNE, or PEDAGNON, the stretchers of a row-galley. See also BANQUETTES.

PELLES, corn shovels, or ballast-shovels, used in trimming a ship’s hold.

PENDANT, or FLAMME. See FLAMME.

PENDEUR, or PENDOUR, the pendant of any tackle, runner, &c.

PENDOUR de caliorne, the winding tackle-pendant.

PENDOURS de balancines, the spans of the lifts.

PENDOURS de bras, the brace-pendants at the yard-arms.

PENES, pitch-mops. See BATON à vadel.

PENNE, the peek of a mizen, or lateen sail.

PENTURE, a googing, or the eye of a clamp, fitted to receive a goose-neck, or some bolt of iron which turns therein like a pivot in its socket.

PENTURES de gouvernail, the googings of the rudder. See FERRURE de gouvernail.

PEOTE, a light nimble Venetian wherry, used frequently as an advice-boat, to carry expresses.

PERCEINTES. See PRÉCEINTES.

PERCEUR, a person who bores the holes for the tree-nails, or bolts, in a ship’s-side.

PERROQUET, a top gallant-sail.

Mettre les PERROQUETS en banniere, to let fly the top-gallant sheets, as a particular signal to some ship in company.

PERROQUETS volans, flying-top-gallant-sails.

PERRUCHE, the mizen-top-gallant-sail.

PERTUIS, a dam, or channel of water, confined by a sluice.

PERTUISANE, a sort of pike or halbert, used to defend a ship from being boarded.

PESER, to hang upon, or haul downward on any rope over-head.

PESER sur un levier, to heave, or purchase with a handspike.

PHAIOFNÉE, a sort of Japonese barge, or yacht, to carry the nobility, &c.

PHARE, or tour à feu, a watch-tower, or light-house on the sea-coast.

PIC à pic sur son ancre, close a peek upon the anchor.

PIECE, a cannon. See CANON.

PIECE de charpente, a general name for any pieces of timber properly hewed, to be used in the construction of a ship.

PIECES de chasse, the chase-guns, or head-chases.

PIED de vent, a clear spot of the sky, appearing under a cloud to windward.

PIED-marin, sea shoes; expressed of a man who has got sea-legs, or who treads sure and firm at sea, as being accustomed thereto.

PIÉDROITS, the Samson’s posts, erected in the hold from the kelson to the lower-deck hatchways, and notched with steps.

PIERRIER, a petrero, or small cannon, sometimes used in sea-fights, and generally charged with musquet-shot, or swivel balls.

PIÉTER le gouvernail, to mark the stern-post with feet, in order to discover how many feet of water the ship draws abaft.

PILIERS de bittes, the bitts of a ship.

PILLAGE, the plunder taken from any enemy after engagement.

PILON, or petit écore, a shore which is steep to, and but little raised above the sea.

PILOTAGE, the navigating, conducting, or steering of a ship.

PILOTE, a sea-pilot, or the conductor of a ship’s course by the art of navigation; also the master of a ship. See HAUTURIER.

PILOTE côtier, or PILOTE de havre, a coasting, or harbour pilot. See LAMANEUR.

PILOTE hardie, a daring or enterprising pilot.

PILOTER, to pilot a ship into, or out of, a harbour or river.

PINASSE, a square-sterned vessel, called in England a bark.

PINASSE de Biscaye, a Biscayan barca-longo.

PINCEAU à goudronner, a tar-brush.

PINCES de bois, a sort of curved handspikes. See RENARD.

PINCER le vent. See ALLER au plus pres.

PINNULE, the sight vanes of any instrument, for observing or setting a distant object at sea.

PINQUE, a pink, or narrow-sterned ship, with a flat floor.

PIPRIS, a sort of canoe used by the negroes in Guinea, and the Cape de Verds.

PIRATE, a pirate, or free-booter; see also CORSAIRE.

PIRATER, to rob at sea; to infest or scour the sea as a pirate.

PIROGUE, an American canoe.

PISTON, the spear-box of a pump.

PITONS à boucles. See CHEVILLE à boucles.

PIVOT, an iron point which turns in a socket; as the foot of the capstern.

PIVOT de boussoule, the brass center-pin of the compass.

PLAGE, a shallow or flat shore, without any capes or head-lands to form a road or place of safety for shipping at anchor.

PLAIN, a flat, or shoal; whence,

Aller au PLAIN, to run ashore.

PLANCHE, the gang-board of a boat.

Mets la PLANCHE, the order to put out the gang-board from the boat’s stern to the shore, to walk out upon.

PLAQUES de plomb, sheet lead, used for several purposes aboard-ship.

PLAT de la varangue, the flat or horizontal part of a floor-timber.

PLAT de l’equipage, or un PLAT des matelots, a mess or company of seven sailors who eat together. The word literally signifies a bowl or platter, in which the whole mess eat at the same time.

PLAT des malades, the sick mess, under the care of the surgeon.

PLAT-bord, the gunnel, or gun-wale of a ship.

PLAT-bord also means wash-board or weather-board.

PLAT-bord a l’eau, gunnel-in, or gunnel-to; expressed of a ship that inclines so much to one side, as to make the gunnel touch the surface of the water by crowding sail in a fresh wind.

PLATE-bands d’assuts, the clamps of a gun-carriage, which are used to confine the trunnions therein.

PLATE-forme de l’éperon, the platform or grating within the rails of the head.

PLATE-formes, an assemblage of oak-planks, forming a part of the deck, near the side of a ship of war, whereon the cannons rest.

PLATINES de lumiere, the aprons of the cannons.

PLI de cables, a fake of the cable.

Filer un PLI de cable, to veer away one fake of the cable.

Vaisseau qui PLIE le côté, a crank ship.

PLIER, to bend or supple the planks of a ship by heat and moisture.

PLIER le côté, to lie over in the water, to heel extremely when under sail.

PLIER le pavillon, PLIER les voiles, to gather up the fly of the ensign, or furl the sails.

PLOC, the hair and tar put between the bottom planks of a ship and the sheathing, to fill up the interval, and preserve the bottom from the worms.

PLOCQUER, to apply the sheathing-hair to the ship’s bottom.

PLOMBER un navire, to try whether a ship is upright, or to what side she heels, by a plumb-line and level.

PLONGEUR, a diver, whose employment it is to bring any thing up from the bottom, as spunges, coral, &c.

PLONGER, to duck, or immerse any thing in the water; also to plunge or dive into the water, &c.

PLUMET de pilote, or panon, a feather-vane, or dog-vane.

POGE, ou POUGE, the order to put the helm a-weather, in order to fill the sails, or bear away. This is the language of Provence. See ARRIVE-tout.

POINT, a ship’s place, as pricked upon a nautical chart.

POINT d’une voile, the clew of a sail.

POINTAGE de la carte, the pricking of a course and distance upon the chart, to discover the ship’s place.

POINTE, a point of land projecting into the sea; a low-cape, or promontory.

POINTE de l’éperon, the beak of a prow, or cut-water.

POINTE du compas, a point of the magnetical compass.

POINTE du nord, ou du sud, &c. the north or south point.

POINTER, to direct or point a gun to its object.

POINTER à couler bas, to point a gun so as to sink a ship.

POINTER à démater, to point a gun so as to dismast a ship.

POINTER à donner dans le bois, to level the cannon so as to hull a ship, or strike the hull.

POINTER la carte, to prick the chart. See POINTAGE.

POINTURE, the balance of a sail, or that part which is fastened by balancing it in a storm; as the peek of the mizen, &c.

POITRINE de gabords, the filling, or convexity of a ship’s bottom, as approaching the mid-ships from the stem and stern-post.

POLACRE, a polacre, or ship so called.

POLICE d’assurance, a policy of insurance.

POLICE de chargement. See CONNOISSEMENT.

POMMES, the trucks, or acorns placed on the flag-staffs, or spindles of the mast-head.

POMMES de girouettes, the acorns placed over the vanes.

POMMES de raque, or de racage, see RAQUE.

POMME de pavillon, the truck placed on the top of the flag-staff, or ensign-staff.

POMOYER, to under-run a cable with the long-boat.

POMPE, the pump of a ship.

Affranchir, ou franchir la POMPE, to free the ship, by discharging more water with the pumps than has entered by the leaks. See AFFRANCHIR.

A la POMPE, pump ship! the order to pump out the water from a ship’s bottom.

Charger la POMPE, to fetch the pump.

Etre à une, ou à deux POMPES, to have one or both pumps constantly employed to free the ship.

La POMPE est engorgée, the pump is choaked or foul.

La POMPE est éventée, the pump blows, or is split so as to be rendered unserviceable.

La POMPE est haute, ou la POMPE est franche, the pump sucks, or is dry.

La POMPE est prise, the pump is fetched.

La POMPE se décharge, the pump has lost water. See DÉCHARGE.

POMPE à la Vénitienne, a Venetian pump.

POMPE de mer. See TROMPE.

POMPE-en bon etat, POMPE libre, a good pump, or pump in good trim.

POMPES à roue & à chaines, chain pumps.

POMPES du maître-valet, hand-pumps, used for water casks, oil-casks, wine-casks, &c.

PONENT, the west, in the language of Provence: also a name given to the Western Ocean.

PONT, the deck of a ship.

PONT à caillebotis, ou à treilles, a grating-deck.

PONT coupé, a deck open in the middle, as in some small vessels that have only part of a deck towards the stem and stern.

PONT courant devant arriere, a deck flush fore and aft.

PONT de cordes, a sort of netting to cover a ship’s waist, and prevent the impression of boarders.

PONT volant, a spar-deck, or platform.

Faux-PONT, the orlop deck.

Premier-PONT, or franc-tillac, the lower, or gun-deck.

Second PONT, the middle-deck of a ship with three decks, or the upper deck of one with two decks.

Troisieme-PONT, the upper-deck of a ship with three decks.

PONTÉ, decked, or furnished with a deck; as opposed to undecked or open.

PONTON, a pontoon, for careening or delivering ships; also a sort of bridge of boats, composed of two punts, with planks laid between them; likewise a ferry-boat.

PONTONAGE, the hire of a ferry-boat or ponton.

PONTONNIER, the master of a ponton, or lighterman.

PORQUES, riders.

PORQUES acculées, the after floor-riders.

PORQUES de fond, floor-riders.

Allonges de PORQUES, futtock-riders.

PORT, a haven, port, or harbour.

PORT-brute, ou havre brute, a natural harbour, or port formed by nature.

PORT de vaisseau, the burthen or tonnage of a ship.

PORT de barre, an harbour with a bar, that can only be passed at, or near high-water.

PORT d’entrée, or PORTE de tout marée. See HAVRE.

Avoir un PORT sous le vent, to have a harbour to leeward, or under the lee.

Fermer le PORTS, ou PORTS fermés, to lay an embargo upon all the shipping of a harbour. See ARRET.

PORTAGE, the space or room in a ship’s hold allowed to any officer, &c. to contain his venture, or private trade.

PORTE-bossoir. See SOU-BARBE.

PORTE d’écluse, the flood-gates of a sluice.

PORTE gargousse. See LANTERNE à gargousse.

PORTE-haubans, ou ecotards, the channels, or chain-wales of a ship.

PORTELOTS, the thick stuff which encircles the side of a lighter under the gunnel.

PORTE-plein les voiles, or simply, PORTE-plein! keep full! the order to the man who steers, to keep the sails full, and prevent them from shivering in the wind.

PORTE-vergues, or rather herpes, the rails of the head, reaching from the cat-head towards the cut-water. See HERPES.

PORTE-voix, a speaking-trumpet.

PORTER, to sail, or conduit a ship.

PORTER à route, to stand onward, upon the course.

PORTER au sûd, &c. to stand to the southward, &c.

PORTEREAU, the flood-gate of a sluice.

POSTE, the quarters where the men are stationed in time of battle.

POSTILLON, an express-boat, or post-boat.

POT à brai, a pitch-pot.

POT-à-feu, a fire-pot, or stink-pot.

POT de pompe, the lower pump-box. See also CHOPINETTE.

POTENCE de brinquebale, the cheeks of the pump.

POUDRIER, an half-hour watch-glass.

POUGER, or moler en pouppe, to bear up, in the dialect of Provence.

POULAINE, eperon, the knee of the head, or cutwater.

POULAINES, the props which support a ship’s stem, when she is on the stocks.

POULIE, a block of any kind to reeve a running rope through.

POULIE coupée, or à dents, a snatch block. See also GALOCHE.

POULIE détropée, a block shaken out of its strop.

POULIE de grand drisse, one of the main jear blocks.

POULIE de guinderesse, a top-block.

POULIE de palan, a tackle-block.

POULIE d’itague du grand hunier, the main-top-sail tye-block.

POULIE double, a double block.

POULIE simple, a single block.

POULIES de caliornes, winding tackle-blocks, or blocks furnished with three sheaves.

POULIES de drisse de misaine, the fore jear-blocks.

POULIES d’écoutes de hune, top-sail-sheet-blocks, fitted also to contain the lower-lifts.

POULIES de retour d’écoutes de hune, the quarter-blocks for the top-sail sheets.

POUPPE, the after-parts of a ship, both above and below. See ARCASSE, ARRIERE, DUNETTE, &c.

Vaisseau à POUPPE quarrée, a square-sterned ship; such as are all ships of war.

Mettre vent en POUPPE, to bear away before the wind.

Mouiller en POUPPE, to moor by the stern, or get out an anchor a-stern.

Vent en POUPPE, a stern-wind, or wind right aft.

POUSSE-barre! heave chearly! heave heartily! the order or exhortation to those who heave at the capstern, to push forcibly on the bars.

POUSSE-pied, or ACCON, a small boat used to catch shell-fish, &c. See ACCON.

PRAME, a pram, lighter, or barge of burden.

PRATIQUE, in a naval sense, implies free intercourse or communication with the natives of a country, after having performed quarantine.

PRÉCEINTES, the wales of a ship.

PRÉLART, or PRÉLAT, a tarpauling.

PRENDRE chasse. See CHASSER.

PRENDRE hauteur, to take the altitude of the sun, or a star. See HAUTEUR.

PRENDRE les amures, to get aboard the tacks. See AMURER.

PRENDRE terre. See TERRE & terrir.

PRENDRE vent devant, to be taken with the wind a-head.

PRENDRE un bosse, to make sail, or clap on the stopper.

PRENDRE un ris, to take in a reef.

PRENEUR, vaisseau PRENEUR, the vessel that has taken a prize.

PRES & plein, full and by! the order to the steersman to keep the ship close to the wind, without shaking.

PRESENTER le grande bouline, to snatch the main-bowline, or put it into the snatch-block.

PRESENTER au vent, to sail as the ship stems, without making lee-way.

PRESSER, to press, or constrain into small compass; as cotton, wool, or such like material.

PRETER le coté, to range abreast of a ship, in order to give her the broadside. See EFFACER.

PREVOT général de la marine, a provost marshal of the marine, or officer whose duty resembles that of the judge-advocate of naval courts-martial.

PREVOT marinier, the swabber of a ship, who also chastises the criminals, as being usually the most abandoned of the crew: this part of his duty is performed in English ships by the boatswain.

PRIME d’assurance, insurance paid by the merchant for insuring the ship’s cargo.

PRISE, a prize, or ship taken from the enemy at sea.

PROFIT, avantureux, the interest acquired by bottomry. See BOMERIE.

PROFONTIÉ, a ship that draws much water, or takes a large volume of water to float her.

PROLONGER un navire, to lay a ship along-side of some other.

PROMONTOIRE, a cape, head-land, or fore-land.

PROUE, the prow of a ship, see AVANT.

Donner la PROUE, to appoint the course, or rendezvous of the gallies.

PROVISIONS, a general name for the provisions, and the warlike stores, or ammunition of a ship.

PUCHOT. See TROMPE.

PUISER, to leak, or make water at sea.

PUISER pour le bord, to ship seas, or take in water, either over the gunnel, or at the ports in the side.

PUITS. See ARCHIPOMPE.

PUY, a great depth of the sea on a level bottom.

Q.

QUAI, a wharf or key on the side of a harbour or river.

Amarré à QUAI, rangé à QUAI, moored along-side of the key or wharf.

QUAIAGE, wharfage.

QUAICHE, a ketch, or ship so called.

QUARANTAINE, quarantine.

Faire QUARANTAINE, to perform quarantine.

QUARANTENIER, a rope of the size of a rattling-line, used as a lashing, &c.

QUARRÉ de reduction, see QUARTIER de reduction.

QUARRÉ naval, the naval square, a scheme drawn on a ship’s quarter-deck, to represent the division of a fleet into three columns, and exhibit the station of each particular ship in the order of sailing; it is used to direct and regulate the movements of each ship with regard to the rest, and preserve the whole fleet in uniformity.

QUART de rond, saloire, tamisaille, the transom, upon which the tiller traverses in the gun-room. See TRAVERSE.

QUART, the watch kept aboard ship, comprehending the time of its continuance, and the people employed to keep it.

QUART bon, or bon QUART, keep a good look out afore! look well out afore there!

QUART du jour, the day-watch.

Prendre le QUART, to set the watch.

Au QUART, au QUART! the watch, hoay! the starboard watch, hoay! the manner of calling the watch to relief.

Faire bon QUART sur la hune, to keep a good look-out in the tops.

Le premier QUART, or QUART de tribord, the starboard-watch. See TRIBORDAIS.

Second QUART, or QUART de bas-bord, the larboard-watch. See BASBORDAIS.

QUARTS de vent, the quarter-points of the compass, or those which lie on each side of the cardinal and intermediate points, and are distinguished in English by the word by; as N by E, N E by N, &c.

QUARTIER Anglois, or QUART de nonante, a Davies’s quadrant.

QUARTIER de reduction, a sinical quadrant, used by the French pilots in working their days works, to discover the ship’s place.

QUARTIER-maître, an officer resembling the boatswain’s mate of an English ship.

Vent de QUARTIER, ou vent largue, a large, or quartering wind.

QUERAT, the planks of a ship’s bottom, comprehended between the keel and the wales.

QUETE, the rake of a ship abaft, or the rake of the stern-post.

QUEUE d’une armée navale, the rear of a fleet of ships of war.

QUEUE de rat, tapering to the end; expressed of such ropes as are pointed, or tapering towards the end, as the tacks, &c.

QUILLE, the keel of a ship.

QUILLE-fausse. See FAUSSE-QUILLE.

QUINTAL, an hundred weight.

R.

RABANER, to fit a sail with rope-bands and earings, ready for bending to its yard.

RABANS, a general name given to earings, gaskets, knittles, and rope-bands.

RABANS d’avuste, a sort of braided knittles, like those formed to point a rope.

RABANS de ferlage, the gaskets employed to furl the sails to their yards.

RABANS de pavillon, the rope-band of a flag or ensign.

RABANS de pointure, the head-earings, or reef-earings of a sail.

RABANS de têtiere, the rope-bands of any sail.

RABATTUES, the intervals between the drift-rails of a ship; this term is peculiar to ship-wrights.

RABLES, the floor-timbers of a boat.

RABLURE, the rabbit or channel cut in the keel, stem, and stern-post, to receive the edges of the garboard-streaks, and the ends of the planks afore and abaft.

RACAGE, a parrel with ribs and trucks.

RACAMBEAU, a traveller, or small iron ring, which sometimes encircles the mast of a long-boat, serving as a parrel to the yard or gaff.

RACCOMMODER, to repair or refit a ship’s rigging. See RADOUBER.

RACHE de goudron, the dregs of bad tar.

RACLE, or GRATOIR, a scraper, used to clean a ship’s side, deck, or bottom.

RACLE-double, a two-edged, or double scraper.

RACLE-grande, a large scraper, used to clean the ship’s bottom under water.

RACLE-petite, or petit RACLE, a small scraper, employed to scrape the planks, &c. above the water.

RACLER, to scrape the sides, &c. of a ship.

RADE, a road, or road-stead.

RADE foraine, a free road, or road where ships of all nations are permitted to anchor.

RADEAU, a raft.

RADER, to arrive in a road.

RADOUB, the repair of a ship in a dock-yard, &c. or the employment of the artificers to close the breaches in her hull with planks, timber, or sheet-lead; as also to stop the leaks by calking, and pay the bottom with stuff.

RADOUBER, to repair a ship, or give her a repair.

RAFFALES, or RAFFALS, sudden and violent squalls of wind.

RAFRAICHIR le canon, to cool or refresh a cannon in battle, as with a wet-spunge, sometimes dipped in vinegar.

RAFRAICHIR la fourrure, to freshen the hause.

Le vent se RAFRAICHIR, the wind freshens, or increases.

RAFRAICHISSEMENT, a supply of fresh provisions of all species.

RAISONNER à la patache, or à la chaloupe, to render an account of a voyage to a visiting boat, when arrived near any port, in order to obtain permission to enter the harbour.

RALINGUER, Mettre en RALINGUE, or tenir en RALINGUE, to shiver a sail in the wind. See FASIER.

RALINGUES, the bolt-ropes of a sail.

Mets en RALINGUE, or fais RALINGUER! luff her up in the wind, shake her up in the wind, let the sails touch! the order to the helmsman to steer the ship so as to let the sails shake with their edges to the wind.

RALLIER un navire au vent, to bring a ship to the wind after having yawed to leeward.

Se RALLIER, to approach any object at sea.

RAMBADES, two posts or platforms in the fore-part of a galley, whereon the musketeers stand to fire.

RAMBERGE, a sort of packet-boat, advice-boat, or tender.

RAME, an oar.

Plat, or pale de la RAME, the blade, or wash of an oar.

RAMER. See NAGER.

RAMEUR, a rower.

RANG, the rate of ships of war. As the division of the French navy into classes or orders differs from the arrangement of the English fleet, it appears necessary to mark that difference in this place.

The principal French ships of war are divided into three rates, each of which is subdivided into two orders. All the inferior ships, which are not comprehended in those rates and orders, are called frégates and corvettes. See FRÉGATE, &c.

A ship of the first order, of the first rate, carries from 110 to 120 guns.

Ships of the second order, of the first rate, carry from 110 to 90 guns.

Ships of the first order, of the second rate, carry from 90 to 74 guns upon three decks.

Ships of the second order, of the second rate, carry from 74 to 60 guns upon two decks, with the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

Ships of the first order, of the third rate, carry from 60 to 50 guns upon two decks, &c.

Ships of the second order, of the third rate, which are now generally called frégates, carry from 50 to 46 guns upon two decks, &c.

The frégates from 46 to 32 guns, have sometimes two tiers of cannon complete; but all those from 36 to 20, have in general but one tier of cannon, the rest being carried on the quarter-deck and fore-castle.

RANG de rameurs, a bank of rowers, or bank of oars.

RANGER la côte, or RANGER la terre, to coast, or range along-shore.

Ranger _le ven_t, to claw the wind, or haul close to the wind.

Le vent se RANGE de l’avant, the wind hauls forward; the wind heads us, or takes us a-head.

RANGUE! stretch along, or, clap on here many hands! the order to the sailors to range themselves along, to haul upon any rope, tackle, &c.

RAPIDE, a fresh in a river.

RAQUE, a general name for trucks, but particularly the trucks of a parrel. See also Pomme de RACAGE.

Raque de haubans, a truck lashed to the shrouds, through which a running rope is reeved.

Raque encouchée, a truck encircled with a notch, to receive the spun-yarn by which it fastened to a shroud, stay, or back-stay.

Raque gougée, a truck hollowed on one side, so as to enclose the rope to which it is fastened.

RAQUÉ, chafed, or rubbed, expressed of a cable, or other rope, which is galled on the outside for want of service.

RAQUER, to fret, chafe, or rub.

RARRIVÉE, the movement of coming to, after having fallen off, when a ship is lying-by or trying.

RAS, a small vessel or boat without a deck.

RAS à l’eau, a low-built vessel, or one which carries her guns very little above the surface of the water.

RAS de courant. See RAT.

RASE, a composition of pitch and tar, used to pay a ship’s seams.

RASER un vaisseau, to cut down a ship, or take off part of her upper-works, as the poop, quarter-deck, or fore-castle, in order to lighten her, when she becomes weak.

RASTEAU, or RATELIER, the rack or range of blocks sometimes placed on each side of the gammoning of a ship’s bowsprit.

RASTEAUX, or RATEAUX, the cleats nailed on the middle of a yard, to confine the parrels, and tye, or jear-blocks, &c.

RASTEAUX, or Rateliers à chevillots, ranges, or cross-pieces, fastened to the shrouds, or otherwise, in which pins are fixed to belay the running-rigging.

RAT, a shipwright’s floating stage, used for repairing or calking a ship’s bottom, &c.

RAT, or RAS, a race, or dangerous whirlpool; as the Race of Portland, &c.

RAT. See COUET à queue de rat.

RATION, the allowance of bread, flesh, wine, pulse, &c. distributed to the different messes in a ship.

RATION double, a double allowance, given on any particular occasion of rejoicing.

RATION et demie, the allowance of a sea-officer in the French fleet.

RAVALEMENT, a platform on the poop of some ships, where the marines stand to discharge their small-arms.

REALE, the royal-galley, a name given to the principal galley of a kingdom. See GALERE réale.

REBANDER, a phrase amongst the common sailors, signifying to carry over to the other side of the ship.

REBANDER à l’autre bord, to stand upon the other tack, to steer a different course.

REBORDER, to fall aboard or along-side of a ship a second time.

RECHANGE, a general name for the stores of a ship; or the spare rigging, sails, &c. which are in reserve to supply the place of what may be lost or disabled.

RECLAMPER, to fish a mast or yard when it happens to be sprung.

RECONNOITRE un vaisseau, to approach a ship, in order to discover her strength, and of what nation she is.

RECONNOITRE une terre, to survey or observe the situation of a coast attentively.

RECOURIR les coutures, to run over the seams of a ship in calking; to calk them lightly and expeditiously.

RECOURIR sur une manœuvre, to under-run a rope or cable.

Faire RECOURIR l’ecoute, la bouline, le couet de revers, to haul in the slack of the lee-tack or bowline, or of the weather-sheet.

RECOUVRE! rouse-in, or haul aboard!

RECOUVRER, to rouse-in, or haul any rope into the ship, when it hangs slack in the water, or otherwise.

RECOUX. See REPRISE.

RECUL du canon, the recoil of a cannon.

REFAIT, squared, or prepared for use; expressed of a piece of timber hewn to its proper form and size.

REFLUX de la mer, the ebb-tide. See FLUX.

REFOULER, to stem the tide, or to sail against it.

La mer REFOULE, the tide ebbs; the water falls.

REFOULOIR, the rammer of a great gun, called also FOULOIR.

REFOULOIR de cordes, a rope rammer.

Se REFRANCHIR, to be freed by the pumps, or to have the quantity of water in a ship’s hold diminished by pumping.

REFREIN, the repetition of the dashing and breaking against rocks, &c. expressed of the waves upon a sea-shore.

REFUSER, to fall off again, when in stays; expressed of a ship that will not go about, or stay; as,

Le vaisseau a REFUSÉ, the ship will not come to the wind, or will not stay.

REGATES, a course or race of boats in the great canal of Venice.

RELACHER, to bear away for, or put into a harbour, under the lee.

RELACHE, the harbour where a ship has taken refuge or shelter, as from a contrary wind.

RELAIS. See LAISSES.

RELEVEMENT, the sheer of a ship’s deck, or the rising of the deck afore and abaft.

RELEVER, to put a ship afloat, after she had lain a-ground for some time; also to right a ship after she had lain upon a careen.

RELEVER l’ancre, to weigh the anchor again, and change its situation.

RELEVER le quart, or le timonnier, to relieve the steersman or the watch.

RELEVER les branles, to lash up the hammocks, in order to make a clear passage between-decks.

RELEVER un côte, to draw the plan or chart of a coast.

RELEVER un vaisseau, to steer by the compass, or shape the course by the compass.

REMÉDIER à des voies d’eau, to stop or stanch the leaks.

REMOLE, a dangerous whirlpool.

REMONTER, to sail up a river, as from the sea.

REMORQUER, to tow a ship by a boat, or other vessel with oars.

REMOULAT, a person who has charge of the oars in a row-galley.

REMOUX, the eddy, or dead water, left behind a ship’s stern when she is under sail.

RENARD, a sort of handspike, or lever, with an iron claw, used to remove large pieces of timber in a dock-yard, &c.

RENARD is also a traverse-board.

RENCONTRE! shift the helm, or shift over the helm! the order to the steersman, to meet the ship, right the helm, or put it towards the side opposite to where it was before, in order to check the ship’s sheer.

RENDEZ-VOUS, the rendezvous, or place of destination of a fleet of ships.

RENDRE le bord, to anchor, or come to an anchor in some road or harbour.

RENTRÉE. See RETRECISSEMENT.

RENVERSEMENT, the shifting a cargo from one ship to another.

Charger par RENVERSEMENT, to change or remove the cargo out of one ship into some other.

REPOUSSOIR, a driving-bolt, used by ship-wrights to knock out another from its station.

REPRENDRE une manœuvre, to sheep-shank, or shorten a rope.

REPRISE, a retaken ship.

RÉSINE, resin, used in paying a ship’s bottom or sides.

RESSAC, the shock or breaking of a wave upon the shore, and its retreat into the sea.

RESSIF, or RECIF, a reef, or ridge of rocks under water.

RESTAUR, the restoration, or loss made good by an insurer.

RESTER, to bear upon any point of the compass; as, un vaisseau nous RESTE au sud, a ship bears south of us, &c.

RETENUE, fastened, or hardened home in its place; expressed of a piece of timber in ship-building; as,

Piece de bois qui a sa RETENUE, a piece of wood which is firmly wedged into its place, as by rabbiting, tenanting, &c.

Corde de RETENUE, a tackle-fall. See also CORD de retenue & ATTRAPE.

RETORSOIR, a spun-yarn winch. See MOULINET.

RETOUR de marée, the turn of the tide, or the beginning of the ebb.

RETRAITE de pirates, a nest of pirates, a harbour of free-booters.

RETRAITES de hune, or cargues de hune, the clue-lines, bunt-lines, and reef-tackles of the top-sails.

RETRANCHEMENT, a temporary or occasional apartment formed in a ship, besides her ordinary cabins.

RÉTRECISSEMENTS des gabaris, the tumbling-home of the top-timbers, where a ship grows narrower above her breadth. See REVERS.

REVENTER, to fill the sails again; to brace about, and fill.

REVERS, a general name for those pieces of timber whose convexity lies inward in a ship’s bottom or sides; as,

Allonges de REVERS, the top timbers.

Genoux de REVERS, the lower futtocks in the fore and after parts of the ship.

Manœuvres de REVERS, the ropes which are out of use while they lie on the lee-side, as the lee-bowline, lee-tacks, &c.

REVIREMENT, the act of going about, by tacking or veering.

REVIREMENT par la tête, ou par la queue, to tack a fleet or squadron of ships of war by the van or rear, so that the foremost ships or the aftmost ships go about first, to preserve the order of the line.

REVIRER, to put about; to change the course of a ship.

REVIRER dans l’eaux d’un navire, to tack in a ship’s wake, and stand on the same course, a-stern of her.

REVOLIN, a sudden gust of wind, which blows off the shore, as by rebound from the adjacent hills.

RIBORD, the second plank, or streak of planks, on a ship’s bottom, counting from the keel. See GABORD.

RIBORDAGE, the damage due from one ship to another which has sustained any hurt from the misconduct or neglect of the former, as established by merchants.

RIDE, a laniard.

RIDER, to haul taught, or pull strait.

RIDER la voile. See RIS.

RIDES de haubans, the laniards of the shrouds.

RIDES d’etai, the laniards of the stays.

Longue RIME, or donne longue RIME! row a long stroke! the order to the rowers to pull with a long sweep.

Bon RIME! the order to the strokesman of the boat, or he who rows the after oar, to give a good stroke, for the rest to follow.

RINGEOT, or BRION, the fore-foot. See BRION.

RIS, the reef of a sail.

Prendre le RIS, to reef a sail, or take in a reef.

RISSONS, grapplings, with four claws, used as anchors in a galley.

RIVAGE, the banks of a river, or the sea-shore, upon which the tide ebbs and flows between high and low-water mark.

RIVER un clou, to rivet a nail.

ROC d’issas, or BLOC d’assas. See SEP de drisse.

ROCHER, ROC, or ROCHE, a rock, or key; a ridge, or reef of rocks in the sea, or on the coast.

ROCHES cachées, lurking rocks, or rocks under water.

RODE de pouppe, & RODE de proue, the stern-post, or stem of a galley.

ROINETTE, a marking-iron, to mark timber, or the casks which are shipped for a voyage.

RONDEUR, the curve, sweep, or compass of a piece of timber used in ship-building.

RONGÉ, worm-eaten; expressed of a ship’s bottom, when it is much injured by the worms in a southern voyage.

ROSE de vents, or ROSE de compas, the card or face of a sea-compass.

ROSTER, to woold a mast, yard, or boom.

ROSTURES, the wooldings of a mast, &c.

ROUANE de pompe, a great pump-borer; whence,

ROUANER une pompe, to enlarge the bore or channel of a ship’s pump.

ROUCHE d’un vaisseau, the hull of a ship, without masts or rigging.

ROUER une manœuvre, to coil a rope.

ROUER à tour, to coil a rope with the sun, i. e. according to the course of the sun in north-latitude.

ROUER à contre, to coil a rope against the sun.

ROUES d’affut de canon, the trucks of a gun-carriage.

ROUET de poulie, the sheave of a block.

ROUET de poulie de chaloupe, the sheave of a long-boat’s davit; also the sheave on the top of her stern-post, or stem for weighing an anchor.

ROULEAU, a roller, or cylindrical piece of wood placed under any weighty body, in order to move it with greater facility by means of handspikes, &c.

ROULER, to roll tumultuously; expressed of the waves of a swelling sea.

ROULIS d’un vaisseau, the rolling motion of a ship. See TANGAGE.

ROUTE, the course, or way of a ship; also the place of her destination.

ROUTE fausse, or fausse-route, the errors of a course, or the deviations from the right course, occasioned by the lee-way, drift, currents, chasing, &c.

A la ROUTE! steer the course! the order to the helmsman to keep the ship steddy in her course.

Porter à ROUTE, or faire droit ROUTE, to make a strait course; to sail onward, without touching at any port in the passage.

ROUTIER, a book, or collection of charts, bearings, distances, soundings, and perspective views of the coasts of any country.

RUBORD, or RIBORD. See RIBORD.

RUM, or REUN. See CALE.

Donner RUM à une roche. See FAIRE honneur.

RUMB de vent, a point of the compass. See AIR de vent, & ROSE de vents.

S.

SABLE, a watch-glass of any measure of time. See also HORLOGE.

SABLE mouvant, a quick-sand or shifting-sand.

SABORD, a gun-port in the ship’s side; whence,

Fermer les SABORDS, to let fall, or shut in the port lids.

Faux-SABORD, a false port painted on a ship’s side, and corresponding to a wooden gun, both which are calculated to deceive an enemy in time of war.

SABORDS pour le lest, ballast-ports.

SACHETS de mítrailles, grape-shot, or partridge-shot.

SAFRAN de gouvernail, the after-piece of a rudder, used to augment its breadth.

SAFRAN de l’étrave, an additional piece of timber fayed on the fore part of the cutwater, to enlarge it, immediately above the fore-foot, and enable the ship to hold the wind better.

SAILLE! a manner of shouting amongst the sailors, as a signal to pull or heave all at once.

SAIN, clear, safe, or clean; as,

Côte-SAIN, a clean bottom, or clear coast, which has no rocks or sands near it.

SAINT aubinet. See Saint AUBINET.

SAINTE-barbe, or chambre des canonniers, the gun-room of a vessel of war.

SAIQUE, a sort of Grecian or Turkish ketch.

SAISINE, a seising or lashing of any kind.

SAISINE de beaupré, or LIURE, the gammoning of the bowsprit. See LIURE.

SAISER, to seize or fasten any rope with a lashing, &c. See AMARRER.

SALE, foul; an epithet given to a coast full of dangerous rocks, shallows, and breakers.

Vaisseaux SALES, foul-ships, or shipping with foul bottoms.

SALUER, to salute, or do homage at sea, by offering a salute.

SALUER à boulet, a salute fired with shot, being an homage paid only to the king.

SALUER de la mousqueterie, to salute by firing a volley of small-arms.

SALUER de la voix, to salute with three chears, &c.

SALUER des voiles, to salute by lowering the sails.

SALUER du canon, to fire a salute of canon.

SALUER du pavillon, to salute, by striking or hauling-in the colours.

SALUT, a salute offered at sea by firing guns, &c.

Rendre le SALUT, to return the salute.

SAMEQUIN, a sort of Turkish merchant-ship.

SAMOREUX, a very long and flat-bottomed lumber-barge or lighter, for carrying masts and long planks on the Rhine, &c.

Navire qui a SANCI sous ses amarres, a ship which has foundered at her anchors.

SANCIR, to sink, or founder at sea.

SANDALE, a sort of lighter used in the Levant.

SANGLES, mats, or small panches formed of spun-yarn.

SAPINETTES, barnicles, a sort of shell-fish, that adhere to a ship’s bottom which has been long at sea. See CRAVAN.

SARANGOUSTI, a sort of gum, used instead of pitch to pay the seams of a ship in the East-Indies.

SART, sea-weed, wreck, or tangles; the alga-marina.

SARTIE, the rigging of a ship, in the dialect of Provence.

SASSES, buckets to draw water, for washing the decks, &c.

SAUGUE, a fishing-boat of Provence.

SAUSISSON, the trough, or sausage, filled with powder, which communicates the flame from the train to the fire-pots or powder-barrels in a fire-ship.

SAUT, a water-fall in a river, which renders it unnavigable in that part.

Donner un SAUT à la bouline, to check the bowline.

SAUTE, an expression of command, which answers to away up, or away out to such a place! &c. as, Saute sur la beaupré! away out on the bowsprit! &c. SAUTE sur la vergue! go up to the yard, or out upon the yard, &c.

SAUTER, to veer, or shift suddenly; expressed of a wind when it changes to another point of the compass.

SAUVAGE, or SAUVEMENT, salvage, the payment of salvage.

SAUVE-gardes, the ridge-ropes which extend the nettings of a ship’s head.

SAUVE-gardes, or tire-veilles, the horses, or man-ropes of the bow-sprit.

SAUVE-gardes de gouvernail, the rudder-pendants, with their chains.

SAUVE-rabans, the puddenings of the yards, which preserve the rope-bands from being galled by the top-sail sheets.

SAUVEURS, persons employed in recovering any stores, rigging, &c. from a wreck on the sea coast.

SCIER à culer, to back a-stern with the oars; to row stern foremost.

SCIER sur le fer, to support the cable of a galley by rowing with the oars, when she is at anchor in a storm, and in danger of driving ashore.

Mettre à SCIER, ou mettre à culer, to back the sails, or to lay them aback, so as to make the ship fall astern.

SCIE-babord, pull the larboard-oars, or pull to starboard!

SCIE-tribord, pull the starboard oars, or pull to port!

SCITIE, or SATIE, a particular kind of Italian bark with two masts.

SCORBUT, or SCURBOT, the scurvy, a well known marine distemper.

SCOUE, the extremity of a floor timber, where it is joined to the lower futtock.

SCUTE, a skiff, or small boat, belonging to a ship.

SEC, dry aground; the situation of a ship laid ashore to be repaired, &c.

A SEC, or à mâts & à cordes, a-hull, or under bare poles. See METTRE à sec.

SECOND, or vaisseau SECOND. See MATELOT.

SECRET d’un canon, the train of a piece of ordnance, which communicates with the touch-hole.

SECRET d’un brulot, that part of the train where the match or fuse is laid by the captain in a fire-ship, as ready for inflammation.

SEILLURE. See SILLAGE.

SEIN, a small bay or gulf with a narrow entrance: also a SEIN, or capacious fishing-net of a particular construction, used on the sea-coast.

SEIN d’un voile, the bight, cavity, or belly of a sail.

SEJOUR, the space of time that a ship remains in any port at which she touches in the course of a voyage.

SELLE de calfat, a calking-box, which contains the instruments and materials used in calking a ship.

SEMAQUE, or SEMALE, a smack or fishing sloop.

SEMELLES, or DERIVES, lee-boards.

SENAU, a snow; also a small Flemish vessel rigged like a smack.

SENTINELLE de chaloupe, the keeper of the long-boat.

SEP de drisse, the knights, or knight-heads of the jears, with their sheaves: these machines are now entirely disused in English ships of war.

SERGENT, a wraining bolt, to bend a ship’s planks into their places. See ANTOIT.

SERRAGE, ou SERRES de vaisseau, a general name for those planks of a ship which are called thick-stuff by our ship-wrights.

Faux SERRAGE, loose planks, laid occasionally as a platform in a ship’s floor when she has no ceiling.

SERRE-bauquieres, thick stuff placed under the clamps, upon which the ends of the beams rest.

SERRE-bosse, the shank-painter of the anchor.

SERRE-goutieres, the water-ways of a ship.

SERRER de voiles, to shorten sail.

SERRER la file, to close or contract the line of battle, by making the ships draw nearer to each other.

SERRER le vent, to haul the wind; to haul upon a bowline.

SERRER les voiles, to furl, or hand the sails. See FERLER.

Faire SERVIR, to fill the sails after they had been shivering or laid a-back for some time.

SEUILLETS de sabords, the port-fells, or lower part of the gun-ports.

Hauteur des SEUILLETS, the height of the port-fells from the deck immediately beneath them.

SIAMPAN, a small coasting-vessel of China, with one sail, and two, four, or six oars; extremely light and swift.

SIFFLEMENT, the whistling of a shot as it flies through the air when discharged from a cannon.

SIFFLET, a boatswains call.

SIGNAL, a general or particular signal used at sea.

SILLAGE, or l’eau d’un vaisseau, the track or wake of a ship; the trace which she leaves behind her on the surface of the sea.

Doubler le SILLAGE d’un vaisseau, to sail with twice the velocity of another ship; or, according to the sea-phrase, to sail two feet to her one,

SILLER, to run a-head; to have head-way through the sea, &c.

SIMAISE, or rather CIMAISE, a wave or ogee in the sculpture of the ship’s mouldings.

SINGE, a sort of gin, or machine, with a roller or winch in the middle, which is turned by handspikes: and used to discharge goods from a boat or small vessel.

SINGLER. See CINGLER.

SITUATION d’une terre, the bearings and distances of a coast.

SLEE, a sort of sledge or cradle, laid under a ship’s bottom in Holland, &c. when she is to be drawn ashore to be repaired or graved,

SOLDATS de marine, marines, or marine forces.

SOLDATS-gardiens, a division of marines stationed at a royal dock-yard.

SOLE, the bottom of a vessel which has no keel, as punts, horse-ferry-boats, and some barges of burthen.

Le SOLEIL a baissé, the sun has fallen, or, has past the meridian; an expression used when observing its altitude at noon.

Le SOLEIL a passe le vent, the sun has overtaken the wind: i. e. the wind being south, the sun, by passing from south to S S W, is said to have passed the wind. Hence they say, in a contrary sense, Le vent a passé le Soleil.

Le SOLEIL chasse le vent, the sun chases the wind; a phrase which implies the change of the wind from the east to the west, by the southern board, before sun-set.

Le SOLEIL chasse avec le vent, the wind keeps pace with the sun; an expression that denotes the change of the wind according to the course and progress of the sun.

Le SOLEIL monte encore, the sun continues to rise.

Le SOLEIL ne fait rien, the sun stands still. Both these last phrases are peculiar to the operation of taking the meridian altitude.

SOLES, a name given to the bottom or transoms of a gun-carriage.

SOMBRER sous voiles, to overset in a squall of wind.

SOMMAILE, a bank or shoal. See BASSE.

SOMME, to deepen; as,

La mer a Sommé, the water deepens as the ship advances.

SONDE, or plomb de sonde, the sounding-lead; also the soundings, i. e. the sand, gravel, &c. that sticks to the bottom of the lead at the time of sounding.

Aller à la SONDE, Aller la SONDE à la main, to sail by the hand-lead, or by sounding the depth of the water with a hand lead as the ship advances.

SONDER, to sound; to heave the hand-lead, or deep-sea-lead.

SONDER la pompe, to sound the pump.

SONNER le quart, to ring the bell at the close of the night-watch.

SONNER pour le pompe, to strike the bell for pumping the ship, as at every hour, or half hour.

SONETTE, an engine somewhat resembling a gin, and used for driving piles.

SORTIR du port, to depart from a harbour; to sail out or put to sea.

SORTIR le boute-feu à la main, to set sail with the match in hand: expressed of a port whose entrance or opening is so commodiously situated, that a ship may sail from it with any wind, and be ready for engagement immediately after her departure.

SOU, or rather FOND, the bottom, or ground, at the depth of any part of the sea. See also FOND.

SOUABRE. See FAUBER.

SOU-barbe, a bracket or knee, usually ornamented with sculpture, and placed under the cat-head to support it.

SOUBERME, a fresh, or torrent increased by the freshes of a river.

SOUFFLAGE, the doubling of a ship, or covering her side with new wales and planks. See SOUFFLER.

SOUFFLAGE is also the new planking of a ship, or giving her a new skin, after the old planks are ripped off.

SOUFFLER, to double a ship with new planks and wales, so as to stiffen her when she is built too crank; or to prevent or diminish the efforts of an enemy’s cannon.

SOUFFLER les canons, to scale the great guns, or cleanse them by blowing a little powder from them.

SOULIE, the bed of a ship, or the impression she has left in the mud on shore, after having lain aground during the ebb-tide.

SOULIER, the shoe of an anchor.

SOUN, or TSOUN, a large flat-bottomed ship, navigated on the rivers of China.

SOUQUE! hang, or swing upon! a phrase among the common sailors, spoken of a rope which they are pulling.

SOURCE du vent, the point of the compass in which the wind sits.

SOURDRE, to rise up, or brew; expressed of a cloud or squall issuing from the horizon towards the zenith.

SOURDRE au vent, to hold a good wind, to claw or eat to windward.

SOUS-argousin, an officer in the gallies, who assists the argousin in his duty. See ARGOUSIN.

SOUS-barbe. See Sou-barbe.

SOUS-barbes, short props or shoars, placed under the stem while the ship is yet on the stocks.

SOUS-barque, the upper-streak of a lighter, or the streak which lies close under the gunnel.

SOUS-comite, an officer in the gallies, who assists and relieves the COMITE; which see.

SOUS-fréter, to under-freight a ship, or hire her out to a second person, after having contracted for her freight to a first.

SOUTE, a store-room in the orlop of a ship, of which there are several; as,

SOUTE au biscuit, the bread-room; SOUTE aux poudres, the magazines, &c.

SOUTENIR, to support under the lee; expressed of a current which acts upon the lee-side of a ship, and counter-ballances the lee-way, when she is close-hauled, so as to keep her in the right course without falling to leeward.

SOUTENIR chasse. See Soutenir CHASSE.

Se SOUTENIR, to bear up against a scant-wind or current, without being driven much to leeward or down the stream.

SPARIES. See CHOSES de la mer.

SQUELETTE, the carcase or skeleton of a ship; or the ribs, with the keel, stem, and stern-post, after the planks are ripped off.

STAMENAIS, or rather GENOUX, the lower-futtocks.

STRAPONTIN, a sort of hammock, used in hot climates to sleep in.

STRIBORD, or TRIBORD, the starboard-side of a ship.

Avoir l’amure à STRIBORD, to have the starboard-tacks aboard, or to sail upon the starboard-tack.

SUAGE, a coat of tallow, soap, sulphur, &c. with which the bottom of a ship is payed, to enable her to sail smoothly through the water.

SUD, the south, or south-point. See ROSE de vents.

Etre au SUD de la ligne, to be in south-latitude, or to the southward of the equinoctial line.

SUPANNE, or etre en PANNE. See PANNE.

SUPER, to stop or close accidentally; expressed of a leak which is choaked, or filled with sea-weed, or such like material, that may have entered with the water.

SURCHARGER, to overload a ship.

SURJOUAILLÉ, or SURJAULÉ, foul of the anchor-stock; expressed of the cable.

Le cable est SURJAULÉ, the anchor is foul, having a turn of its cable under the stock.

SURLIER, to woold. See also ROSTER.

SURVENTE, a hard gale of wind, a tempest.

SURVENTER, to over-blow, or blow a storm.

SUSAIN, or SUSIN, a name sometimes given to the quarter-deck. See GAILLARD.

SUSPENTES, vulgarly called SURPENTES, the main and fore-tackle pendants.

SYRTES, shifting-sands, quick-sands, or shelves.

T.

TABERNACLE, or TENDELET, a place under the awning of a row-galley, where the captain sits to give his orders.

TABLEAU, the compartment, whereon the name is engraved or painted on the stern of a Dutch flight. See ECUSSON.

TABLETTE, the rising-staff; a form, or scale, used by shipwrights when erecting the frames of the timbers.

TABOURIN, the fore-castle of a galley, with the space underneath it, where the artillery are loaded and fired. See COVERT de l’iscosele.

TAILLE-mer, or gorgere, the lower part of a ship’s cut-water, or of the prow in a galley.

TAILLES de fond, & TAILLES de point. See CARGUES fond, & CARGUES-point.

TAINS. See TINS.

TALINGUER, or ETALINGUER, to bend the cable to the anchor-ring.

TALLARD, a space between the coursiere, or middle gangway, and the gunnel, in a galley, where the slaves are placed to row their oars.

TALON de la quille, the after-end of the keel, into which the foot of the stern-post is tenanted: this is also called a ship’s heel.

TALON de rode, the heel of the stern, or stern-post of a row-galley. See RODE.

Couper en TALUS, to hew a plank shelving, or with a slanting edge.

TAMBOUR, a drum; also the drummer, or person who beats it.

TAMBOUR d’eperon, the doubling of the cut-water, or the planks nailed on the outside of it, to defend it from the assaults of the waves.

TAMISAILLE, or TAMISE, the transom, upon which the tiller traverses in a ship’s gun-room.

TAMPONS, wooden shot-plugs, employed to fill up the holes made in a ship’s side by the cannon balls of an enemy: also plates of iron, copper, or lead, used for the same purpose.

TAMPONS, or TAPONS de canon, the tompions of the great guns.

TAMPONS, or TAPONS d’ecubiers, hause-plugs.

TANGAGE, the act of pitching, or plunging with the fore and after ends of a ship.

TANGUER, to pitch or plunge deep in the water forward.

TANGUEURS, or GABARIERS, lightermen.

TAPABOR, a sea-cap, a sailor’s cap or bonnet.

TAPEÇU, a sort of ring-tail, water-sail, or driver.

TAPONS de canon, &c. See TAMPONS.

TAQUETS, a general name for the larger cleats, or kevels, whereon the running-ropes are belayed.

TAQUET à cornes, a large cleat, which is nailed or lashed by the middle to a mast, plank, shroud, &c. and having two branches or arms, whereby to fasten a rope so as to be cast off suddenly when necessary.

TAQUET à gueule, ou à dent, a hollow or notched cleat, nailed at the two ends; these are chiefly used to fasten casks, or other weighty bodies, to the decks or sides of the ship.

TAQUET de fer, a wraining-bol. See ANTOIT.

TAQUET de mât de chaloupe, a small cleat, whereon the tack of a long-boat’s main-sail is fastened.

TAQUETS d’amure, the chess-trees. See also DOGUE d’amure.

TAQUETS de bittes. See COURBES de bittes.

TAQUETS de cabestan, the whelps of the capstern. See FUSEAUX.

TAQUETS d’echelle, the steps which are nailed on the gangway, whereby to ascend or descend the ship’s side.

TAQUETS d’écoutes, the kevels or great cleats, whereon the tacks and sheets of the courses are belayed.

TAQUETS de hune à l’Angloise, the cheeks of the bow sprit.

TAQUETS de mâts, the belaying-cleats of the lower-masts, which are usually furnished with several pins to fasten different running ropes.

TAQUETS de ponton, large hollow cleats fixed on the side of a pontoon, or sheer-hulk, to fasten the pendant of the relieving-tackle.

TAQUETS de potence, the cheeks of a common sea-pump. See POTENCE.

TAQUETS simples, cleats which are formed nearly in the manner of a wedge or quoin; they are usually nailed to the deck or sides, to support or wedge up any weighty body.

TARRIERE, an augre, or auger, used by shipwrights to bore the planks and timbers, in order to fasten them together with bolts and tree-nails.

TARTANE, a tartane, or small vessel, usual in the Mediterranean.

TEMPETE, a tempest, or violent storm.

TEMS, a general term for weather.

TEMS affiné, fine weather, clear weather, or a clear sky. See AFFINE.

TEMS à perroquet, a top-gallant gale, top-gallant weather.

TEMS de mer, or gros TEMS, tempestuous weather.

TEMS embrumé, a fog; foggy weather.

TENAILLE, a wooden engine formed like a pair of pincers, and employed to confine the planks of a ship in their places, till they can be nailed or bolted to the timbers.

TENDELET, the tilt of a boat; also the awning or canopy in the after part of a galley.

TENIR au vent, to keep the wind; to sail close upon a wind.

TENIR bon, to stop or cease from any exercise or labour in a ship.

TENIR la mer, to keep the sea; to keep out in the offing. See Tenir la MER.

TENIR le balant d’une manœuvre, to make fast the bight of a rope when it hangs slack.

TENIR le largue, to sail large, or with a large wind.

TENIR le lit du vent, to have the wind right an end, or right in one’s teeth.

TENIR le lof. See LOF & OLOFÉE.

TENIR le vent. See ALLER au plus pres.

TENIR sous voiles, to get under sail; to set sail ready for putting to sea.

TENIR un bras, to brace, or haul in the brace of, a yard.

TENIR une manœuvre, to make fast, or belay a rope.

TENIR, or voir une terre. See OUVRIR.

TENON, a tenant, or end of a piece of timber let into a mortise.

TENON à queüe d’aronde, a pivot, or tenant, formed like the spindle of a capstern.

TENON de l’étambot, the tenant on the heel of the stern-post which is let into the keel.

TENON de mât. See THON de mât.

TENONS de l’ancre, the nuts of an anchor.

TENUE, the gripe or hold which an anchor has of the ground where it is sunk. See FOND de bon tenue.

TERMES, the quarter-pieces of a ship, by which the side is terminated abaft.

TERRE de beurre, cape fly-away, a cant phrase applied to any illusive appearance of land in the horizontal clouds, after sun-set or before sun-rise.

TERRE défigurée, land which cannot be easily distinguished at sea, on account of the clouds which rest upon it.

TERRE fine, land which may be distinctly beheld from the sea.

TERRE grosse, or grosse terre, high land on, or near, the sea-shore.

TERRE hachée, a coast with an opening between two mountains.

TERRE maritime, the sea-coast, or sea-shore.

TERRE Méditerranée, an inland country.

TERRE qui asseche. See ASSECHER.

TERRE qui fuit, double-land, or land shut in behind a cape or promontory.

TERRE qui se donne la main, land open to the sea, or accessible to shipping.

TERRES basses, low flat lands on the sea coast.

TERRES hautes, high land on the sea shore; a bold, or iron bound coast.

Aller TERRE à terre. See ALLER.

Dans la TERRE, or Dans les TERRES, in-land; up in the country.

Mangé par la Terre, land-locked; shut-in by the land.

Prendre TERRE, to arrive at the land.

Tout à TERRE, close in shore.

TERRE-neuvier, a Newfoundland cod-fisher.

TERRIR, to come to anchor; to arrive at the land after a long cruise.

TERTRE, an hommock, or hillock, rising on a level shore, and seen from the sea.

TESSEAUX. See BARRES de hune.

TETE de l’ancre, the cross of the anchor, where the shank terminates upon the arms.

TETE de more. See CHOUQUET.

TETE de cabestan, the drum-head of the capstern.

TETE de potence de pompes, the cheeks of the pump which support the brake.

TETE du vent, the rising, or springing up of a breeze.

Faire TETE, to hold well by the moorings; to be well moored.

TETIERE, the head of a sail.

THON de mât, the mast-head, or the space comprehended between the cap of the lower-mast and the tressel-trees beneath it: and so of the top-mast.

TIERS point, a triangular sail, as a lateen, or stay-sail. See LATEEN.

TILLAC. See PONT.

Franc-TILLAC, or rather premier-pont, the gun-deck, or lower-deck.

Faux-TILLAC, the orlop. See FAUX-pont, and FAUX-baux.

TILLE, the cuddy, or cabin of a lighter, or other undecked vessel; also the place where the helmsman stands in a Dutch flight.

TIMON, or rather BARRE de gouvernail, the tiller.

TIMONNIER, the helmsman, or steersman.

TINS, the blocks upon which the keel and floor-timbers of a ship are laid while she is building.

TIRANT d’eau, d’un vaisseau, the draught of water of a ship, or the depth of water which she draws to float her.

TIRE! the order to the boat’s crew to row hard, or forcibly a-head.

TIRE du vent, or TIRE-avant, pull away; pull a head chearly!

TIRE-soin, the worm used to draw the charge of a cannon.

TIRER tant de pieds d’eau, to draw so many feet of water, in order to float. See TIRANT d’eau.

TIRER à la mer, to stretch out to sea.

TIRE-veilles, the man ropes, or entering-ropes of the side.

TIRE-veille de beaupré. See SAUVE-garde.

TOILE noyale, canvass, or duck, employed to make sails; sail-cloth.

TOILES de sabords, port-sails. See VOILES à lest.

TOISER, to measure by the fathom. See BRASSE.

TOLETS, or ESCOMES. See ESCOMES.

TOMBER, as a sea-term, implies to lean or incline; also to cease, or fail; as,

TOMBER sous le vent, to fall to leeward.

TOMBER sur un vaisseau, to fall aboard a ship to the leeward.

Le vent a TOMBÉ, the wind is spent, or decayed; it has become calm.

Le Mât TOMBE en arriere, the mail hangs, or rakes aft.

TONIES, a sort of Indian boats which are usually lashed together in couples, in order to carry sail the better. The two thus paired are called Catapanel.

TONNE, a can-buoy, placed over a shoal, rock, or sand, in a channel; also the nun-buoy of a ship.

TONNES, are also barrels fitted to cover the mast-head when it is unrigged, to preserve it from rain.

TONNEAU futaille, a tun, or tun weight, containing 2000lb. also a general name for all sorts of large casks, containing a measure equal to that weight.

TONNELIER, the cooper of a ship, who has the charge of all the provision-casks to keep them in proper repair.

TONTURE, the sheet of the wales and decks of a ship.

TONTURE des baux, the round-up, or convexity of a ship’s beams.

TORDES. See SAUVE-rabans.

TORON. See TOURON.

TORTUE de mer, a sort of transport-ship, formed with a high deck, for the convenience of carrying troops, passengers, and their effects, between decks.

TOSTE de chaloupe, the thwarts, banks, or seats of a boat, whereon the rowers sit to manage their oars.

TOUAGE, the warping a ship from place to place; also towing. See REMORQUER.

TOUCHE, the priming wire, or priming-iron of a cannon. See DÉGORGEOIR.

TOUCHER terre, or, simply TOUCHER, to run a-ground, or strike against a rock, shore, or sand-bank.

TOUCHER à une côte, ou à une port, to touch at any coast or harbour.

TOUCHER un compas, to touch the needle of a compass with a magnet.

TOUÉE, a name given to two or three hawsers bent upon an end, i. e. fastened at the end of each other, and to an anchor a-head, so as to ride a ship with more security.

TOUER, to warp a ship from one place to another in a harbour.

TOUR à feu, a light-house. See PHARE.

TOUR de bitte au cable, a turn of the cable about the bits; the bitting of a cable.

TOUR de cable, a foul hawse; a turn or elbow in the hawse. See CABLE and CROIX.

TOUR-et-choque, a weather-bit of the cable, or a turn and half-turn about the bits.

TOUR marine, a watch-tower, or block-house, on the sea-coast.

TOUR de cable autour du virevaut, the turns of the cable round the windlass; the act of passing it about the windlass.

TOURBILLON, a whirlwind upon the sea.

TOURET. See TOLETS & echome.

TOURILLONS, the trunnions of any piece of ordnance.

TOURMENTE, a tempest, or great storm. See TEMPETE.

TOURMENTER, when expressed of a ship, implies to labour or strain violently; when spoken of timber, it denotes to warp or twist.

TOURMENTIN, a name sometimes given to the sprit-sail top-sail. See PERROQUET de beaupré.

TOURNANT de mer, a whirlpool, or dangerous race in the sea.

TOURNANT, is also a stake or post sunk into the angles of a canal, for the convenience of warping vessels up or down.

TOURNER le bord. See VIRER.

TOURNER sur son ancre, to pass round the anchor; understood of a ship that, riding by a single anchor, has probably encircled the place where it lies, so as to have swept it with her cable, and made a foul anchor.

TOURNEVIRE, the voyal of the cable. See CABESTAN.

TOURON, the strand of a rope, composed of a certain number of rope-yarns.

TOUT le mond haut! all hands, hoay! all hands upon deck hoay! a cry, or order of the boatswain, to summons all the sailors upon the upper-deck.

TOUT le monde bas, sit down close, all hands! the order to the ship’s crew to lie snug upon deck or below, so as not to retard the ship’s course by their motion upon deck, nor be discovered by the enemy, of whom they are in chase.

TRAIN de bateaux, a train of boats in tow.

TRAIN de bois, or FLOTE, a raft, or float of timber.

A la TRAINE, towing overboard; expressed of any thing towed in the sea by a rope when the ship is advancing, to wash it; or, if salt provisions, to freshen it.

TRAINÉE, a train of gun-powder.

TRAIT de compas, or TRAIT de vent. See RUMB.

Voile à TRAIT quarré, a square sail; such are the courses, top-sails, &c. of a ship.

TRAITE, the trade or commerce carried on between shipping and the inhabitants of any country where they arrive.

TRAMONTANE, the north-wind, in the dialect of the Mediterranean.

TRAPE, or ATTRAPE, a tackle-fall. See CORDE de retenue.

TRAVADE, a tornado, or thunder-gust; as those on the coast of Africa.

TRAVAILLER, when applied to a ship, is to roll or pitch heavily, as in a high sea; also to swell tumultuously, as the waves themselves. See ROLIS.

TRAVAILLEURS, the ordinary, or labourers, &c. employed to assist in fitting out shipping.

TRAVERS, in a naval sense, generally denotes athwart, abreast of, or along side of: it is also applied to any piece of timber which is laid across others and scored into them.

Se mettre par le TRAVERS, or Passer par le TRAVERS de Torbay, to cross or stand athwart Torbay, &c.

Le vaisseau est moüillé par nôtre TRAVERS, the ship has come-to, abreast of us.

La marée vient par le TRAVERS du vaisseau, the tide takes the ship athwart, or on the broad-side.

Mouillee par le TRAVERS de Belleisle, at anchor off Belleisle.

TRAVERSÉE, a passage from one port to another; an outward or homeward bound voyage.

TRAVERSE misaine! flat-in the fore-sheet! flat-in forward! the order to pull the lower-corners of the head-sails in towards the ship, in order to make her fall off when the sails shiver in the wind.

TRAVERSER, to become abreast of, to sheer along-side of.

TRAVERSER l’ancre, to get the anchor up along the bow, in order to stow it parallel to the gunnel.

TRAVERSER la lame, to head the sea; to sail against the setting of the sea,

TRAVERSIER, a small fishing vessel on the coast of Rochelle,

TRAVERSIER de chaloupe, the fore-beam or fore thwart of a long-boat.

TRAVERSIER de port, a wind that sets right into any harbour, so as to prevent the departure of a ship from it.

Mettre la misaine au TRAVERSIER, to bring the fore-tack to the cat-head; as when the wind is large.

TRAVERSIN. See TAMISAILLE.

TRAVERSIN d’écoutilles, a guttur-ledge, or cross-piece of a hatchway.

TRAVERSIN d’élinguet, the beam into which the pauls of the capstern are bolted.

TRAVERSIN de herpes, a ship’s davit; see also MINOT.

TRAVERSIN des bittes, the cross-piece of the bits.

TRAVERSIN du chateau d’avant, the cross-piece of the fore-castle, which contains the kevels and cleats for belaying ropes.

TRAVERSIN des affuts, the transoms of the gun-carriages.

TRAVERSINS de taquets, the step or piece of timber in which the feet of the main and fore-sheet kevels are lodged.

TRÉLINGAGE, a crow-foot. See MARTICLES.

TRÉLINGAGE des étais sous les hunes, the crow-feet of the tops.

TRÉLINGAGE des haubans, the cat-harpings of the shrouds.

TRÉLINGUER, to reeve a crow-foot, or form any thing similar thereto, as the clue of a hammock, &c.

TRÉMUE, a trunk, or sloping passage formed in some merchant-ships for the cables, from the top of the fore-castle downward to the hause, and covered with a small grating.

TREMUE is also a hood, or companion, placed over the comeings of the hatches in merchant-ships, to keep the steerage warm, and prevent the rain or sea-water from falling into it.

TREOU, a square-sail, used to scud under in a storm, in small vessels, particularly sloops, tartans, galleys, &c.

TRÉPORT, or allonge de pouppe, a stern-timber, whose lower end corresponds with the top of the stern-post.

TRÉSORIER général de la marine, an officer whose duty resembles that of our treasurer of the navy.

TRESSE de meche, a twill formed of three matches turned round each other, to fire a cannon with more certainty and expedition.

TRESSES, a sort of knittles frequently used as seizings.

TRÉVIER, or Maître-voiler, the master sail-master of a ship.

TREUIL, a roller or winch of several kinds.

TRÉVIRER. See CHAVIRER.

TRIANGLE, a stage hung over a ship’s side, to calk the seams, or pay the planks: also a machine composed of three capstern-bars, whose ends are tied together, so as to form a triangle, to enclose any mast, along which it may be hoisted or lowered, to scrape the mast, or pay it with turpentine, resin, tallow, &c.

TRIBORD, the starboard side of the ship. See also STRIBORD.

TRIBORDAIS, starbowlines; a cant term for the starboard-watch.

TRIÉRARQUE, an officer formerly appointed to furnish a ship with soldiers, rowers, arms, and provisions.

TRINGLE, a thin lath, used occasionally to fill up the edges of a gun-port, deadlight, &c. and make it tight, so as to exclude the wind or water.

TRINGLE is also a batten of wood about two feet long, nailed against the butts or joints of a boat’s planks, to strengthen them.

TRINGLER, to mark timber with a chalked or red line, in order to hew or bevel it to the exact form and scantlings.

TRINQUET, the fore-mast of a row-galley.

TRINQUETTE, a triangular fore-sail, as that of a sloop, and such vessels.

TRISSE de beaupré, the standing-lifts of the sprit-sail yard.

TRISSE de racage. See DROSSE de racage.

TROMPE, or pompe de mer, a water-spout.

TROMPETTE marine, a speaking-trumpet used at sea.

TROUS d’amure de misaine. See BOUTE-de-lof.

TROSSE de racage, a small tackle, formerly used as a nave-line.

TROUS d’écoutes, the sheave-holes, which are cut obliquely through a ship’s side, wherein the main and fore-sheets are reeved.

TROUS de la civadiere. See OEIL.

TUGUE. See TEUGUE.

TUTELLE, the tutelary saint represented on the stern of a ship, and to whose protection she is consigned.

V.

VADROUILLE, a brush used to pay a ship’s bottom with tallow or stuff.

VA et vient, a span or rope extended from one place to another, whereon to draw any thing along by the means of a traveller.

VAGANS, vagrants or hovellers, who infest the sea-coast in a tempest, in expectation of plunder from some shipwrecked vessel. See DEBRIS.

VAGUES, the waves or surges of the sea. See LAMES.

VAIGRER, to fix on the planks and thick-stuff of a ship’s cieling to the timbers.

VAIGRES, ou serres, a general name for the clamps and thick-stuff used in the cieling of a ship; as,

VAIGRES de fond, the thick-stuff placed next to the keel.

VAIGRES d’empature, the thick-stuff placed between the floor-heads and the vaigres de fond.

VAIGRES de pont, the clamps which support the ends of the beams.

VAIGRES des fleurs, the thick stuff placed opposite to the floor-heads.

VAISSEAU, a ship, or large vessel of war or burthen.

VAISSEAU à la bande, a ship lying along, or heeling gunnel-to, under a weight of sail in a fresh wind: this is frequently called lying down on the beam-ends, or broadside.

VAISSEAU à l’ancre, a ship at anchor.

VAISSEAU à son poste, a ship in her station, as appointed by the commanding officer.

VAISSEAU beau de combat, a roomy ship, advantageously built for battle, as carrying her lower tier high above the water, and having a good height between-decks.

VAISSEAU corsaire. See CORSAIRE.

VAISSEAU_ démarré_, a ship unmoored, or whose anchors are weighed; also a ship broke adrift from her moorings.

VAISSEAU gondolé, a ship built with a great sheer.

VAISSEAU qui a le côté droit comme un mur, a wall-sided ship.

VAISSEAU qui a la côté foible, a streight-sheered ship.

VAISSEAU qui a le côté fort, a round-sided ship.

VAISSEAU qui-cargue, a crank ship.

VAISSEAU qui charge à fret, a laden or loaded ship. See FRET.

VAISSEAU qui se manie bien, a good working ship; a ship that is easily managed and steered.

VAISSEAU qui se port bien à la mer, a good sea-boat.

VAISSEAU ralongé, a lengthened ship.

VAISSEAU de bas-bord, a low-built vessel navigated with sails and oars, as the gallies in the Mediterranean.

VAISSEAU de haut-bord, a general name for large ships.

VALANCINE. See BALANCINE.

VALETS d’artillerie, the boys which attend the great guns in a sea-fight, &c.

VALTURE, the lashing of the sheers; or a rope employed to lash two masts together in any particular place, when they are to be used as sheers.

VARANGUAIS. See MARTICLES.

VARANGUES, a general name for the floor-timbers; as,

VARANGUES acculées, the crotches or floor-timbers afore and abaft.

VARANGUES demi-acculées, the floor-timbers placed between the varangues acculées and the

VARANGUES plates, or VARANGUES de fond, the flat floor-timbers placed in the middle or broadest part of a ship’s floor.

VARECH, sea-wreck. Also the wreck of a ship. See CHOSES de la mer.

VARIATION, the variation of the compass. See DECLINAISON.

VARIATION vaut la rout, the variation is on the weather-side, or opposite the lee-way.

VASART, oozy, or slimy, expressed of a particular bottom or soundings at sea. See FOND.

VASSOLES, laths or battens placed between the ledges of the gratings.

VEGRES. See VAIGRES.

VEILLE la drisse! stand by the haliards! the order to have the top-sail-haliards ready to lower in case of a squall.

VEILLE l’écoute de hune! stand by the top sail sheets!

VEILLE les huniers. See VEILLE la drisse.

VEILLER, to watch, attend, or take care of any thing; as,

Il faut VEILLER les mâts, & non le côté, we must look to the masts, and not to the side; expressed of a ship, whose masts being good, will rather overset her, than be carried away. When the anchor is a cockbill, and ready to let go, they say, Ancre est à la VEILLE; and when the buoy floats over the anchor to shew its place, it is called bouée à la VEILLE.

VENT, the wind.

VENT alizé, a trade-wind, or monsoon.

VENT arriere, a wind right aft or astern.

VENT d’amont, a land-wind, or land breeze.

VENT d’aval, a foul wind which blows from the sea, &c.

VENT de bouline, a scant-wind, on which the ship cannot lie her course without being close-hauled.

VENT de quartier, a quarterly, or quartering wind[61].

VENT en pouppe. See VENT arriere.

VENT en pouppe, largue la soute; large wind, large allowance; an expression used by seamen on the commencement of a fair wind, after they had been put to short allowance in consequence of foul winds.

Le VENT en pouppe fait trouver la mer unie, a stern wind brings an easy sea; expressed of a ship when sailing afore the wind, in which situation she will be less strained by the agitation of the sea, than when she lies in the trough or hollow of it, side-ways.

VENT largue, a large wind.

VENT routier, a wind which serves to go and come upon the same line; such is the wind upon the beam.

VENTS variables, variable winds, or such as are without the tropics.

VENT à pic, the wind is right down; a witticism amongst sailors, to signify that there is a total cessation of wind, at which time the vanes hang right downward, instead of blowing out.

VENTER, to blow or spring up; understood of the wind.

VENTILATEUR, a ventilator used at sea.

VERBOQUET, a guy used by ship-wrights to steddy a piece of timber which they are erecting in a ship’s frame.

VERGE de girouette, the spindle of the vane at any mast-head.

VERGE de l’ancre, the arm of an anchor.

VERGE de pompe, a pump-spear. See also BARRE de pompe.

VERGUE, the yard of any principal sail which traverses the mast at right angles.

VERGUE à corne. See CORNE de vergue.

VERGUE de foule, the cross-jack-yard.

VERGUE en boute dehors, the main-boom of a sloop-rigged, or schooner-rigged vessel.

VERGUE traversée, the sprit which traverses a boat’s sail diagonally.

VERIN, an instrument nearly similar to a jack-screw, and used occasionally to launch a ship from the stocks.

VEUE, or VUE, etre à vue, avoir la vue, to be in sight of; to make or discover at sea, as the land, or some distant object. See NON-vue.

VEUE par vue, & cours par cours, sailing by the bearings, or distances of the land, on the sea-coast.

VIBORD, the quick-work, or that part of a ship’s side which is comprehended between the drift-rails and the waist-rail.

VICE-AMIRAL, the vice-admiral of France.

VICTUAILLES, the provisions used for the subsistence of the ship’s crew at sea, &c.

VICTUAILLEUR, a contractor, or agent-victualler.

VIF, alive, busy, all in motion; an epithet applied to a wharf, dock, or slip, where the artificers are all at work on the shipping.

VIF de l’eau, or haute marée, high water.

VIGIE, a lurking rock, or reef; a rock under the surface of the water.

VIGIER, to look out, or watch upon deck, or at the mast-head, &c.

VIGIER une flotte, to dodge, or watch the motions of a fleet.

VIGOTS de racage. See BIGOTS.

VINDAS, a sort of moveable capstern; also a windlass. See VIREVAUT.

VIRAGE, the act of heaving up any weighty body by a crab or capstern.

VIRER, to overset.

VIRER au cabestan, to heave the capstern, or heave at the capstern.

VIRER de bord, to go about, or put about-ship.

VIRER vent arriere, to veer, or wear.

VIRER vent devant, to tack, or put about head-to-wind.

VIREVAUT, the windlass of a ship or boat.

VIROLE, a little iron ring placed on the small end of a bolt which is driven through any part of a ship’s decks or sides; it is used to prevent the fore-lock from cutting the wood.

VIROLET. See MOULINET.

VIRURE, a streak of planks continued from the stem to the stern-post.

VIRURE, is also the sheer of any plank in the ship’s side.

VISITE de vaisseau, an examination of the cargo of a ship by the officers of the revenue.

VISITEUR, an officer resembling our tide-surveyors of the customs.

VITTES de gouvernail. See FERRURE.

VITTONIERES. See ANGUILLERES.

VIVIER, a fishing-boat, furnished with a well filled with water amid-ships, wherein to keep the fish alive.

VIVRES. See VICTUAILLES.

UN, deux, trois, an exclamation, or song, used by seamen when hauling the bowlines, the greatest effort being made at the last word. English sailors, in the same manner, call out on this occasion—haul-in—haul-two—haul-belay!

VOGUE, the rowing of a galley; the movement or course of a galley rowed with oars.

VOGUE-avant, the rower who holds the handle of an oar and gives the stroke.

VOGUER, to row, or give head-way to a galley by rowing.

VOILE, a sail; also a ship discovered at a distance.

Avec les quatre corps de VOILES, under the courses and top-sails.

Faire toutes VOILES blanches, to cruise as a pirate; to make all fish that comes to the net.

Forcer de VOILES, to croud sail. See FORCER.

Ce vaisseau porte la VOILE comme un rocher, the ship carries her sail as stiff as a church, or without seeming to heel.

Les VOILES sur les cargues, the sails clewed up, or hauled up in the brails.

Les VOILES sur le mât, the sails laid to the mast, or aback. See COEFFÉ.

Régler les VOILES, to regulate or appoint what sail is to be carried, in order to keep company in a fleet.

Toutes VOILES hors, all sails set, all sails out, or standing.

Les VOILES au sec, sails loosed, to dry in the sun or wind.

Les VOILES fouettent le mât, the sails beat against the mast, as when first taken aback.

VOILE Angloise, a boat’s sail with a diagonal sprit.

VOILE d’eau, a sort of water-sail used by the Dutch.

VOILE défoncée, a sail split or rent asunder in the bunt or middle.

VOILE de fortune. See TREOU.

VOILE déralinguée, a sail blown or torn from the bolt-rope.

VOILE en banniere, a sail, whose sheets being slackened or flown in a storm, flies loose, and flutters in the wind like a flag or ensign.

VOILE en pantenne, a sail shivering in the wind, for want of being properly trimmed.

VOILE enverguée, a sail bent to its yard.

VOILE latine, or VOILE à oreille de lievre. See LATINE.

VOILE quarrée, a square sail, or sail nearly square; such as are the courses, top-sails, and top-gallant-sails of all ships.

VOILES basses, or basses VOILES, the courses. See PACFI.

VOILES de l’arriere, the after-sails.

VOILES de l’avant, the head-sails.

VOILES d’étai, the stay-sails. See ÉTAI.

VOILERIE, a sail-loft, or place where sails are formed.

VOILIER, a sail-maker.

Bon VOILIER, or mauvais VOILIER, when expressed of a ship, implies a good or bad sailer, or one that sails swiftly or slowly.

VOILURE, the trim of the sails; also a complete suit of sails, with their furniture.

VOILURE, a general name for all sorts of sails belonging to a ship.

Meme VOILURE, the same sail set; expressed of two ships in company, which carry the same quantity and number of sails.

Regler sa VOILURE, to regulate the quantity of sail to be carried in order to keep company with some other ship or ships.

Toute la VOILURE de l’avant, all the head-sails.

Toute la VOILURE de l’arriere, all the after-sails.

VOIR l’une par l’autre. See OUVRIER & tenir.

VOIR par proue, to see or discover, a-head of the ship.

Donner la VOIX, to sing out; as in hauling, hoisting, heaving, &c.

VOLÉE, a platoon, or limited number of great guns in a broad-side, fired at once in a sea-fight.

VOLET, a little sea compass, used in a long-boat or cutter.

VOLONTAIRES, volunteers in a ship of war.

VOLTE, a particular course or route; also the movement of bearing away, or hauling the wind, to change the course, or bring the broad-side to bear upon an enemy.

VOUTE, or VOUTIS, the upper-counter of a ship, upon which the ecusson is placed.

VOYAGES de long cours, a long voyage, as those to China, or the Indies.

URETAC, a fore-tack-tackle, or preventer fore-tack.

VRILLE, a wimble, or drill, used by ship-wrights, &c. to bore holes.

US & coutumes de la mer, the usages and customs of the sea, which are partly regulated by the laws of Oleron.

USANCE, the agreement, or contract, made between the master, the owner, and freighters of a ship. See also the preceding article.

UTENSILS du canon, a general name for all the instruments used in charging and firing a cannon, as the rammer, the ladle, the linstoc, the spunge, &c.

UVOLFE, a dangerous whirl-pool, or race, known by the name of the Wolf, between two islands on the coast of Norway.

W.

WATREGANS, pronounced OUTREGANS, a sort of canals or ditches, filled with water, which are usually navigable for boats and small-craft.

WOLFE, or Vulfe, a whirl-pool, or race, on the coast of Norway.

Y.

YACHT, or YAC, a yacht.

YEUX de bœuf, bulls eyes, or wooden travellers; also the trucks of a parrel.

YEUX de pie. See OEIL de pie.

Z.

ZEPHIRE, or ZEPHIR, the west wind.

ZOPISSA, or poix navale, tar. See GOUDRON.

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Footnote 59:

This manœuvre, according to the best of my information, is entirely unknown to our mariners; it is performed by lining, or doubling, the flukes of an anchor, with two pieces of plank, to strengthen them, and prevent their turning in a bad anchoring-ground.

Footnote 60:

According to the arrangement of the French navy, this class comprehends all vessels of war from 50 to 20 guns.

Footnote 61:

M. Saverien defines this to be a wind perpendicular to the ship’s course, and, consequently, a wind upon the beam; but I have ventured to correct this explanation, by the authority of M. Aubin, who is certainly right in his description.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Added TABLE OF CONTENTS. 2. Did =not= correct either spelling or accents except as noted or to conform with predominant usage in this book. 3. Issues noted in the ERRATA sections were =not= corrected. 4. Added missing subsection headings—A in the English definitions and A in the French definitions. 5. Moved two paragraphs “In the fore-part of the ship, the dead-wood generally extends from ... the breadth of the keel” from after Dead-Water to after Dead-Wood. 6. Changed “part of he sail” to “part of the sail.” 7. Changed “This last is appropropriated” to “This last is appropriated.” 8. Changed “than it hot weather” to “than in hot weather.” 9. Changed “1½” to “0½” for pounders in second section to agree with the first part of the table. 10. Changed “an the enemy” to “an enemy.” 11. Changed “the drive the tree-nails” to “to drive the tree-nails.” 12. The entry for “Varangues demi-acculées, the floor-timbers placed between the varangues acculées and the” ended at the word “the”. 13. Silently corrected typographical errors. 14. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. 15. Enclosed italics font in underscores. 16. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.

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