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A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
VOL. II
A HISTORY OF
THE INQUISITION
OF
THE MIDDLE AGES.
BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA,
AUTHOR OF
“AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SACERDOTAL CELIBACY,” “SUPERSTITION AND FORCE,” “STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY.”
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE.
1901
Copyright, 1887, by HARPER & BROTHERS
All rights reserved.
Slender Records of its Proceedings 120
Paris Auto de fé in 1310.--Marguerite la Porete 123
Gradual Decadence.--Case of Hugues Aubriot 125
The Parlement Assumes Superior Jurisdiction 130
The University of Paris Supplants the Inquisition 135
Moribund Activity during the Fifteenth Century 138
Attempt to Resuscitate it in 1451 140
It Falls into utter Discredit 144
The French Waldenses.--Their Number and Organization 145
Intermittent Persecution.--Their Doctrines 147
François Borel and Gregory XI. 152
Renewed Persecutions in 1432 and 1441 157
Protected by Louis XI.--Humiliation of the Inquisition 158
Alternations of Toleration and Persecution 159
III. THE SPANISH PENINSULA
ARAGON.--Unimportance of Heresy there 162
Episcopal and Lay Inquisition Tried in 1233 163
Papal Inquisition Introduced.--Navarre Included 165
Delay in Organization 167
Greater Vigor in the Fourteenth Century 169
Dispute over the Blood of Christ 171
Nicolas Eymerich 174
Separation of Majorca and Valencia 177
Decline of Inquisition 178
Resuscitation under Ferdinand the Catholic 179
CASTILE.--Inquisition not Introduced there 180
Cathari in Leon 181
Independent Legislation of Alonso the Wise 183
Persecution for Heresy Unknown 184
Case of Pedro of Osma in 1479 187
PORTUGAL.--No Effective Inquisition there 188
IV. ITALY
Political Conditions Favoring Heresy 191
Prevalence of Unconcealed Catharism 192
Development of the Waldenses 194
Popular Indifference to the Church 196
Gregory XI. Undertakes to Suppress Heresy 199
Gradual Development of Inquisition 201
Rolando da Cremona 202
Giovanni Schio da Vicenza 203
St. Peter Martyr 207
He Provokes Civil War in Florence 210
Death of Frederic II. in 1250.--Chief Obstacle Removed 213
Assassination of St. Peter Martyr.--Use Made of it 214
Rainerio Saccone 218
Triumph of the Papacy.--Organization of the Inquisition 220
Heresy Protected by Ezzelin and Uberto 223
Ezzelin Prosecuted as a Heretic.--His Death 224
Uberto Pallavicino 228
The Angevine Conquest of Naples Revolutionizes Italy 231
Triumph of Persecution 233
Sporadic Popular Opposition 237
Secret Strength of Heresy.--Case of Armanno Pongilupo 239
Power of the Inquisition.--Papal Interference 242
Naples.--Toleration Under Normans and Hohenstaufens 244
The Inquisition Under the Angevines 245
Sicily 248
Venice.--Its Independence 249
Inquisition Introduced in 1288, under State Supervision 251
Decadence of Inquisition in Fourteenth Century 253
Disappearance of the Cathari.--Persistence of the Waldenses 254
Remnants of Catharism in Corsica and Piedmont 255
Persecution of the Waldenses of Piedmont 259
Decline of the Lombard Inquisition 269
Venice.--Subjection of Inquisition to the State 273
Tuscany.--Increasing Insubordination.--Case of Piero di Aquila 275
Continued Troubles in Florence 280
Tommasino da Foligno 281
Decline of Inquisition in Central Italy 282
The Two Sicilies.--Inquisition Subordinate to the State 284
V. THE SLAVIC CATHARI
Efforts of Innocent III. and Honorius III. East of the Adriatic 290
The Mendicant Orders Undertake the Task 293
Bloody Crusades from Hungary 294
Revival of Catharism 298
Endeavors of Boniface VIII. and John XXII. 299
Fruitlessness of the Work 301
Reign of Stephen Tvrtko 303
Catharism the State Religion 305
Advance of the Turks 306
Confusion Aggravated by Persecution 307
The Cathari Aid the Turkish Conquest 313
Disappearance of Catharism 314
VI. GERMANY
Persecution of Strassburg Waldenses in 1212 316
Spread of Waldensianism in Germany 318
Mystic Pantheism.--The Amaurians and Ortlibenses 319
Brethren of the Free Spirit or Beghards.--Luciferans 323
Conrad of Marburg.--His Character and Career 325
Gregory XI. Vainly Stimulates him to Persecution 329
Gregory Commissions the Dominicans as Inquisitors 333
The Luciferan Heresy 334
Conrad’s Methods and Massacres 336
Antagonism of the Prelates 338
Assembly of Mainz.--Conrad’s Defeat and Murder 340
Persecution Ceases.--The German Church Antagonistic to Rome 342
The Reaction Keeps the Inquisition out of Germany 346
Waldenses and Inquisition in Passau 347
Growth of Heresy.--Virtual Toleration 348
The Beguines, Beghards, and Lollards 350
The Brethren of the Free Spirit 354
Tendency to Mysticism.--Master Eckart 358
John of Rysbroek, Gerard Groot, and the Brethren of the Common Life 360
John Tauler and the Friends of God 362
Persecution of the Brethren of the Free Spirit 367
Antagonism between Louis of Bavaria and the Papacy 377
Subservience of Charles IV.--The Black Death 378
Gregarious Enthusiasm.--The Flagellants 380
Clement VI. Condemns Them.--They Become Heretics 383
Attempts to Introduce the Inquisition.--Successful in 1369 385
Persecution of Flagellants and Beghards.--The Dancing Mania 390
Beghards and Beguines Protected by the Prelates 394
Speedy Decline of the Inquisition 395
The Waldenses.--Their Extension and Persecution 396
Renewed Persecution of the Beghards 401
William of Hilderniss, and the Men of Intelligence 405
The Flagellants.--The Brethren of the Cross 406
Triumph of the Beghards at Constance 409
Renewed Persecution 411
Hussitism in Germany.--Coalescence with Waldenses 414
Gregory of Heimburg 417
Hans of Niklaushausen 418
John von Ruchrath of Wesel 420
Decay of the Inquisition.--John Reuchlin 423
Its Impotence in the Case of Luther 425
VII. BOHEMIA
Independence of Bohemian Church.--Waldensianism 427
Inquisition Introduced in 1257.--Revived by John XXII. 428
Growth of Waldensianism.--John of Pirna 430
Conditions Favoring the Growth of Heresy.--Episcopal Inquisition 433
The Precursors of Huss 436
Wickliff and Wickliffitism 438
John Huss Becomes the Leader of Reform 444
Progress of the Revolution.--Rupture with Rome 445
Convocation of the Council of Constance 453
Motives Impelling Huss’s Presence 455
His Reception and Treatment 457
His Arrest.--Question of the Safe-conduct 460
Communion in both Elements 471
The Trial of Huss.--Illustration of the Inquisitorial Process 473
Exceptional Audiences Allowed to Huss 484
Extraordinary Efforts to Procure Recantation 486
The Inevitable Condemnation and Burning 490
Indignation in Bohemia 494
Jerome of Prague.--His Trial and Execution 495
VIII. THE HUSSITES
Inquisitorial Methods Attempted in Bohemia 506
Increasing Antagonism.--Fruitless Threats of Force 508
Parties Form Themselves.--Calixtins and Taborites 511
Sigismund Succeeds to the Throne.--Failure of Negotiations 514
Crusade Preached in 1420.--Its Repulse 516
Religious Extravagance.--Pikardi, Chiliasts 517
The Four Articles of the Calixtins 519
Creed of the Taborites 522
Failure of Repeated Crusades.--The Hussites Retaliate 525
Efforts to Reform the Church.--Council of Siena 527
Council of Basle.--Negotiation with the Hussites a Necessity 530
The Four Articles the Basis.--Accepted as the “Compactata” 533
The Taborites Crushed at Lipan 535
Difficulties Caused by Rokyzana’s Ambition 536
Insincere Peace.--Sigismund’s Reactionary Reign and Death 538
The Calixtins Secure Control under George Podiebrad 541
Rome Disavows the Compactata.--Giacomo della Marca in Hungary 542
The Use of the Cup the Only Distinction.--Capistrano Sent as Inquisitor 545
His Projected Hussite Crusade Impeded by the Capture of Constantinople 551
Efforts to Resist the Turks.--Death of Capistrano at Belgrade 552
Steady Estrangement of Bohemia.--Negotiations and Attacks 555
The Compactata Maintained in Spite of Rome 559
The Bohemian Brethren Arise from the Remains of the Taborites 561
Their Union with the Waldenses 564
Their Growth and Constancy under Persecution 566
APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS 569
THE INQUISITION.